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Women Can Wear Or Not Wear What They Want

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen and Brittani Bumb

Publication (Outlet/Website): Assorted In-Sight (In-Sight Publishing)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/12/05

2016 has been a strange year. It has been a dangerous year, too – not only in climate change and the increased potential for nuclear catastrophe, but in the predictable human preoccupation with unhealthy nationalism, and xenophobia, and ethnic, religious, and clothing chauvinism.

Take, for instance, the common case of tacit expectations of women rather than men in terms of what to wear or not wear (American Civil Liberties Union, 2016). In particular, this has impacted American Muslims more because of targeted hate crimes.

Indeed, even today, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights expressed “deep concern about the rise in reported hate crimes cited in the FBI’s November 2016 report, “Hate Crime Statistics, 2015”. Since last month’s election, there have also been an alarming number of hate crimes and incidents reported.” (U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2015).

With 2016 drawing to a close, many American Muslims are fearful and anxious as to how they will be treated or perceived by their non-Muslim counterparts in the coming years (American Civil Liberties Union, 2016).

No one fears the unknown more than Muslim Women, many of whom expressed their fears via Twitter shortly after Donald Trump won the Presidency of the United States. With anti-Muslim rhetoric being spouted on his campaign trail, it is no shock to witness these women’s uneasiness rise, especially considering many wear a rather prominent symbol of their religion and culture: Hijab.

Examining this relationship brings up a rather pointed question surrounding the Hijab and what kind of significance it yields to the women who wear it. Many in Western Society view the Hijab as a form of oppression to the women who wear it. In some instances, this is true. In many others, it is simply false.

To many Westerners, it symbolizes the inability to show one’s self off fully or express one’s self honestly out of fear. There’s some truth to that, but it is largely a stereotype and a myth. Whether that “fear” stems from the men who allegedly en masse force women to wear them or an over-zealous religion that deems walking outside without being covered from head to toe as “immodest,” are either of these two viewpoints entirely accurate?

It depends, and for the vast majority the answer would appear to be a resounding, “No.” Upon plumbing the depths of the ‘mystery’ that seems to surround the Hijab, we begin to realize that the relationship is more complex than what many view on the surface, and it is highly personal to each woman who adorns herself with one daily.

So, why is it that so many in public officials feel they have any right to tell women what they are permitted to wear or convince the public why going against the society-deemed standard should be viewed in a negative or fearful light?

It is rather astounding. It takes a brief honest look to observe some Western countries, by law, banning the Islamic garb for Muslim women (Sanghani, 2016; Rubin, 2016) and some Eastern countries forcing, by law or culture, Islamic garb for Muslim women.

One might think women’s autonomy isn’t the problem here, but, rather, the denial of fundamental rights, freedoms, privileges, and, therefore, restriction on autonomy. It is not as ridiculous, but is absurd to have France ban the Niqab, or the government tell women what they can’t wear, as it is in some fundamentalist societies tell women what they can wear.

Men dress themselves; hence, women should too. It is a simple ethical precept advocated by the dominant Western religion, Christianity, and by the dominant Eastern religion, Islam: Golden Rule. Unless they wish to act as the Pharisees, as men can wear or not wear whatever they want; women should be able to as well. In short, women should be able to wear whatever they damn well please.

Bibliography

1. American Civil Liberties Union. (2016). Discrimination Against Muslim Women – Fact Sheet. Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/other/discrimination-against-muslim-women-fact-sheet.  

2. Rubin, A.J. (2016, August 27). From Bikinis to Burkinis, Regulating What Women Wear. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/28/world/europe/france-burkini-bikini-ban.html.  

3. Sanghani, R. (2016, July 8). Burka bans: The countries where Muslim women can’t wear veils. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/burka-bans-the-countries-where-muslim-women-cant-wear-veils/.  

4. U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. (2016, December 5). U.S. Commission on Civil Rights Statement on Hate Crimes in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.usccr.gov/press/2016/PR-12-05-16-hate-crimes.pdf.  

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Interview with Tim Moen, Libertarian Party of Canada Leader (Part One)

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Assorted In-Sights (In-Sight Publishing)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/12/04

In terms of culture, family, geography, language, and religion/irreligion, what is your background?

I grew up on a farm in Northern Alberta about 80 km NE of Grande Prairie with my mom and dad and younger brother. My grandparents were Mennonite Brethren who were branded Kulaks and fled Stalinist Russia and settled in Southern Alberta around Lethbridge. They worked hard to build a life in Canada and I’m grateful for their legacy of hard work, responsibility and sense of connection to something greater than one’s self.

Our family went to a non-denominational Church and I was a very involved and earnest evangelical Christian and truth seeker. I spent a year in Bible College immediately after high school studying theology with an eye towards serving as a pastor. That year left me with the impression that there were no real answers to be found and I realized I’d have a difficult time being a pastor selling any kind of certainty so I moved on to a career in Emergency Services.

I’ve spent over 22 years working in Emergency Services in various roles and still work today as a Firefighter/Paramedic. I love helping people and I consider my primary purpose in life to

protect people from destructive forces whether its acute illness, fire, trauma, authoritarian force, or unclear thinking.

At the time, what images of religion and God were in mind for you?

My image of God at the time was one of an omnipotent, omniscient, mostly compassionate celestial dictator. A God that knew my every thought and desire and had a plan for me. Religion to me was the institution where one became educated in order to obtain salvation and more closely align one’s beliefs with a very real spiritual realm.

What argument and evidence seemed the strongest in favour of the God of evangelical Christianity to you? This can include traditional arguments such as the Cosmological Argument (from contingency), Kalam Cosmological Argument (based on the beginning of the universe), Moral Argument (based upon moral values and duties), Teleological Argument (from fine-tuning), and the Ontological Argument (from the possibility of God’s existence to His actuality).

The most compelling argument I’ve heard for a God is probably the Unmoved Mover argument. The way Tom Woods explained it here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJ2oY7nvM-M is very compelling to me.

I’d always thought of the Unmoved Mover as a way of saying that there must be a beginning to the universe ergo God most have started it, which seems fairly easy to dismiss, but Woods explains that it that this view of the Unmoved Mover is a straw man and further explains that bringing potentiality into actuality is an ongoing process and demands a God.

In other words; for reality to continue to exist requires a supreme being. If one then takes a layman’s interpretation of the quantum realm and how strange and difficult to explain the substrate of reality becomes it becomes compelling to imagine a supreme being there.

It satisfies a deep psychological longing to explain reality in a way that is easier to understand and also a longing to never cease existing. In fairness I haven’t thought very deeply on these issues for years so I haven’t delved into the arguments for or against the Unmoved Mover in any depth.

Once you have a compelling argument for the existence of a supreme being you still have all your work ahead of you to argue for the “God of evangelical Christianity”. There are as many interpretations and conceptions of God as there are believers so its difficult to know how one would go about proving the existence of a particular conception.

For example, what is the null hypothesis for a Young Earth Creationists argument that the Earth is only 10,000 years old? What about Evangelicals that believe in an old Earth and evolution?

Are we expected to believe that God ignored humanity for its first 100,000 years, essentially sentencing them to eternal torment, and then suddenly showed up with a bunch of rules and then sent his son to die and offered everyone in the past 2000 years another path to salvation that didn’t exist before?

These types of questions are ones that vexed me in the past and essentially turned me into an anti-theist for a period of time, but I now think this is probably not helpful to try and demand a literal description of material reality from scripture in the same way it is not helpful to propagate the idea that the scripture is a literal description of material reality.

I have considerably softened my view of Christianity over the years. My mind started to change towards Christianity after reading the writing of Michael Dowd who is a Christian pastor and author of the book “Thank God for Evolution” has a completely different conception of evangelical Christianity that doesn’t require belief in the sort of supernatural person in the sky I believed in as a child. It was further softened as I went through grad-school and read research on optimal mind states and started practicing some forms of meditation, based on peer reviewed research, that looked very similar to how I was taught to pray.

Expressing gratitude is peer reviewed and is also happens to be how many religious practices teach to begin prayer. So when I’ve attended religious ceremonies and church over the last few years I’ve come to view them through a different lens. There are likely good evolutionary reasons these institutions emerge and there are very good things going on here and they fill a deep human need. In summary, I think there are some compelling reasons to believe in a supreme being although I remain unconvinced. I think that Evangelical Christianity can comport with these compelling reasons to believe in a supreme being if it isn’t taken as a literal description of material.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Collective Organization Remains Integral to Healthy Communities

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Baobab Inclusive Empowerment Society

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/11/22

Communal feelings arise in general contexts. Those environments devoted to the needs and wants of the community, especially those devoted to the early and advanced ages, or the young and the old. In the modern world infused with technology, we continue to lose aspects of this.

Indeed, this does not impact everyone the same, or at the same rate. To build communities, especially in the modern world, it, as with all of human history, requires collective action.

Boys and young men are affected in a different way than the girls and young women. It has affected boys and young men throughout developed countries infused with modern electronics.

The digital technology crept into the nooks and crannies of modern society, into the homes of families, and into the rooms of children.

In the midst of the technological takeover of personal and professional lives, we lost aspects of those communal feelings based on simple time distribution. If we spend time on cellphones, computers, laptops, smart phones, and other devices, then the time is not spent in social interaction, in family dinners and events, and out in the world.

It is a complex problem worth exploring, but manageable within a narrowly defined set of factors. Collective action can be one person to another or a group, one group to another or a person. The core principles are cooperation, trust, mutual support, and solidarity. Communities flourish from these ingredients. In other words, healthy communities come from the trusts and cooperation between individuals and groups within communities in general.

The assistance in English education of a new neighbour struggling within Anglophone communication. The free tutoring in French for someone planning to travel to Quebec for a few months. The more established families providing relationship lessons and parenting guidance for younger couples and those with newborns. Communities pitching into provide adequate and nutritious meals for the single parents in the community.

Free plays and fundraisers for various community activities and children, or the coaching little league games, even someone to chalk the field lines for an upcoming soccer game. All of these individual and group contributions makes for collection action for healthy communities. For those that could only think in monetary terms, where things have a “capital” value, they have labelled this, within the literature, as social capital, akin to economic value with a communal qualitative valuation. Social capital is the lifeblood of healthy communities. Without it, many would not flourish in their individual lives. To be able to take the time for that needed midnight or AM walk from a stressful evening, for the fun in the park on the weekend, for the Church, Synagogue, Temple, or Mosque service in a clean place of worship, all of this comes together through pluralistic community building. Healthy communities built by and for the people of the community. Baobab Inclusive Empowerment Society is part of this perennial tradition.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Center for Inquiry-Uganda – Humanism and Science in Uganda

Author(s): Deo Ssekitooleko and Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Assorted In-Sights (In-Sight Publishing)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/11/24

The term humanism implies multiple interpretations dependent on the domain of endeavour in life. According to the American Humanist Association, numerous definitions exist such as Literary Humanism, Renaissance Humanism, Western Cultural Humanism, Philosophical Humanism, Christian Humanism, Modern Humanism, Secular Humanism, and Religious Humanism. Each implicates different areas. Every area devoted to aspects to humanism. On

 What is Humanism (2008) states:

Literary Humanism is a devotion to the humanities or literary culture.

Renaissance Humanism is the spirit of learning that developed at the end of the middle ages with the revival of classical letters and a renewed confidence in the ability of human beings to determine for themselves truth and falsehood.

Western Cultural Humanism is a good name for the rational and empirical tradition that originated largely in ancient Greece and Rome, evolved throughout European history, and now constitutes a basic part of the Western approach to science, political theory, ethics, and law.

Philosophical Humanism is any outlook or way of life centered on human need and interest. Sub-categories of this type include Christian Humanism and Modern Humanism.

Christian Humanism is defined by Webster’s Third New International Dictionary as “a philosophy advocating the self-fulfillment of man within the framework of Christian principles.” This more human-oriented faith is largely a product of the Renaissance and is a part of what made up Renaissance humanism.

Modern Humanism, also called Naturalistic Humanism, Scientific Humanism, Ethical Humanism, and Democratic Humanism, is defined by one of its leading proponents, Corliss Lamont, as “a naturalistic philosophy that rejects all supernaturalism and relies primarily upon reason and science, democracy and human compassion.” Modern Humanism has a dual origin, both secular and religious, and these constitute its sub-categories.

Secular Humanism is an outgrowth of eighteenth century enlightenment rationalism and nineteenth century freethought. Many secular groups, such as the Council for Secular Humanism and the American Rationalist Federation, and many otherwise unaffiliated academic philosophers and scientists, advocate this philosophy.

Religious Humanism largely emerged out of Ethical Culture, Unitarianism, and Universalism. Today, many Unitarian Universalist congregations and all Ethical Culture societies describe themselves as humanist in the modern sense.

Center for Inquiry (CFI) follows these perspectives, which tend to associate with “science, reason, freedom of inquiry, and humanist values.” About (2016) by CFI provides description of the fundamental beliefs, principles, and values of the institution. CFI argues “scientific methods and reasoning should be utilized in examining the claims of both pseudoscience and religion.”

 Both pseudoscience and religion represent counterproductive forces within societies. Pseudoscience defined by beliefs and practices presented as science without meeting proper scientific criteria. Religion defined by belief in a superhuman power in control of everything outside of human beings, whether singular (God) or plural (gods).

CFI rejects “mysticism and blind faith” and promotes “human values based on a naturalistic outlook.”3 CFI created programs to assist in these endeavours such as the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry and the Council for Secular Humanism.

CFI cautions in “aiming to foster a secular society, we do not seek to abridge the rights of believers. We vigorously object to government support of religion and the use of religious dogma to justify public policy; we do not oppose the free exercise of religion.”

Reason and compassion become the basis for the advancement of secularism and humanism with rights and dignity of everyone respected and implemented within all societies. CFI targets three objectives in general:

1. an end to the influence that religion and pseudoscience have on public policy

2. an end to the privileged position that religion and pseudoscience continue to enjoy in many societies

3. an end to the stigma attached to being a nonbeliever, whether the nonbeliever describes her/himself as an atheist, agnostic, humanist, freethinker or skeptic.

CFI-Uganda follows the same tradition in values from the institution of CFI and the efforts to advance secular humanism. Humanism in Uganda, at least in its philosophical, secular, and scientific orientation, was officially introduced in Uganda with the formation of the Uganda Humanist Association (UHASSO), which became a loose umbrella of numerous independent associates and affiliates.

It includes the more vibrant Center for Inquiry International-Uganda (CFI-Uganda). CFI-Uganda is supported by and affiliated with the Center for Inquiry International (transnational), Amherst, New York, USA. In Uganda, we try to translate intellectual, scientific, secular, and philosophical humanism into practical projects that can easily make a positive impact on communities.

Where as in the USA there are such issues as pseudoscience, in Uganda and Africa at large, humanists are disturbed by beliefs in primitive witchcraft practices and the insurgence of evangelical Pentecostal beliefs from the USA.

Witchcraft practices in Africa are diverse in nature, form, and impact on society. It is a combination of diverse ancient African beliefs that include gods, spirits, ghosts, animism, and all other superstitions flavored by all forms of exploitations by the respected practising charlatans.

These beliefs claim to control humanity in form of health, life fortunes, success and failures of all kinds. On the other hand, apart from witchcraft, which is a combination of superstition and use of traditional herbal medicine, there are purely traditional healers who

use only traditional medicine without superstition.

The problem with this latter group is that their medicine is not scientifically tested and the diseases they claim to treat are not scientifically diagnosed.

It can be easily observed witchcraft is both a traditional belief system and a superstitious pseudoscience used by charlatans to exploit society. They take advantage of the African situation characterised by poverty, low levels of formal education, especially in villages, limited social welfare, political conflicts, inadequate health welfare, and high prevalence of diseases such as malaria, AIDS, and many other diseases of the poor.

Africans, therefore, have limited choices, but to resort to witchcraft as an intervention force, to ameliorate their situation on earth. Witchcraft has been responsible for some of the following disturbing ills in our African societies:

  • Infertile women contract HIV/AIDS from which doctors who mislead them to have sex with them before their husbands in order for the medicine to be effective.
  • Witchdoctors discourage people from accessing modern hospitals as they claim to have powers to treat all diseases using superstition and herbal medicine. It is unfortunate that many people die of such treatable diseases such as malaria, dysentery, cholera, tuberculosis, and influenza.
  • Government immunization programs are undermined by witchdoctors leading to the deaths of many people by diseases such as measles, whooping cough, and tetanus.
  • The war against HIV/AIDS is increasingly being undermined by witchcraft because AIDS victims are discouraged from scientific counselling and treatment with anti-retroviral therapy (ART).
  • Witchcraft has promoted disharmony in society. Many old people, especially women, are accused of many ‘evils’ in society such as famine, failed rains, and outbreaks of diseases. In most cases, if police fail to intervene in time, they are banished from their homes or their property is destroyed. Surprisingly, this is normal news on our Radio and Television stations; both private and public.
  • Witchcraft gives people false hope to succeed on earth – be it in marriage, business, academics, and politics without analyzing the factors responsible for success or failure. This undermines peoples’ ability to appreciate, realize, and utilize their human potentials. They submit to the will and advice of the witchdoctors in all human endeavors.

In all their work, witchdoctors demand offers in the form of consultation fees, land plots, houses, cattle, and poultry – thereby promoting poverty in society. Unfortunately, apart from humanists with a limited voice and means, there is no one speaking out against witchcraft.

The religious leaders try, but they are guilty of promoting other forms of superstition. The Ugandan government has officially licensed the non-scientific traditional healers in the spirit of promoting indigenous African medicine and in the spirit of Pan Africanism! Even further, many people in government believe in witchcraft.

Apart from witchcraft, the other non-scientific issue that disturbs African humanists is the insurgence of American-born and sponsored new forms of Christianity known as evangelical Pentecostal churches, but named with various trade or company names according to the choice of the owner or promoter. In most cases, the Preachers, known as Pastors, are devoid of even basic religious ethics.

They preach the prosperity gospel of wealth and success on earth as they exploit their folk and enrich themselves. They preach miracles and faith healing. They claim to treat all diseases including HIV/AIDS. Their only difference with witchdoctors is that they claim to get their powers from Jesus of Nazareth, Jewish ancestors/spirits, and their one God in the Middle East.

Yet, the Ugandan witchdoctors claim to get their powers from African spirits, or ancestors, and their gods. The other difference is that the Pastors are both more educated and extremely very rich. They have easy access to American Dollars from their donors and they easily financially exploit their folk.

Witchcraft and Pentecostal beliefs pose a challenge to humanist action and response in the following ways:

  • Many people including politicians, public officials, and academicians believe in various forms of superstition because our African parental or grandparental families originate from superstitious lineages which combined culture, African traditions, history, and beliefs all in one. The advances of Western religion, culture, and
  • secularism some 120 years ago have changed the African mainly in nominal identity, but not in philosophy.
  • Because Western religions are also superstitious and yet they were the first ones to found formal schools in Uganda, their product; the current typical educated Ugandan is also superstitious. Ugandan education system is devoid of critical, skeptical, rational, and science skills. It emphasizes acquisition of factual knowledge rather than life skills.
  • Pentecostals and witchdoctors have easy access to media outlets such as radio and television sets.
  • Pentecostal Preachers and witchdoctors are very rich and have easy access to communities and policy makers.
  • The local and international laws favor religious charlatans who exploit society. The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights has an article on freedom of belief and religion, which has been enshrined in most national constitutions.

CFI-Uganda is trying to grow and stand up to do some work in some small Ugandan village communities. The first approach is to limit armchair conference humanism in big towns and the city because such an approach is expensive with no tangible impact. Many sensitization seminars on the dangers of superstition, and the values and advantages of rationalism, have been organized.

We train communities about health and community development. Health seminars help participants to identify causes, prevention, and treatment of various diseases, which include, but are not limited to malaria, cancers, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS. Our work is to supplement government work in its health departments, which, unfortunately, do not highlight the role of superstition in undermining health systems in Uganda. In most cases, it is the community members who select the topics of their next training.

We have done a lot of work in organizing health counselling, disease testing, provision of condoms and immunizing people against killer diseases. Last year, we commemorated World AIDS DAY. However, in most of our campaigns, we highlight humanist principles of reason, skepticism, free inquiry, and critical thinking. Apart from health, we have a program of rural development through informal community skills education.

We promote skills such as bee keeping, fish farming, horticulture, agroforestry, and food processing among others. CFI-Uganda started a program to reach out to schools to supplement formal education with informal skills education. We engage teachers and students with science skills, especially with topics taught in schools such as evolutionary theory, environmental science, climate change, standard Big Bang cosmology, planetary systems, recycling of resources, and so on.

We promote debates about human rights, history, international affairs, and so on. Every year, starting from this year, 50 selected students and some teachers will always attend a humanist conference on life skills. We expect to use such fora to build a network of activists and fellows to promote our advocacy and visibility. CFI-Uganda has tried to promote intellectual philosophical humanism by organizing the pioneering evolutionist Charles Darwin birth day. We expect to revive this as a core project.

During the previous event we organised a civilized jovial and intellectual dialogue with non-religionists and religionists of various sects. We debated religion, philosophy, and science. Participants debated evolutionary theory, standard Big Bang cosmology, origin of life, and the prospect of life on planet other than Earth and the possibilities of the afterlife.

Advocacy campaigns are necessary to influence policymakers and the public at large. As we find it difficult to access mainstream media, we must resort to social media. Nonetheless, CFI-Uganda must intensify fundraising efforts to have at least a one-hour Radio or Television program every week. CFI-Uganda hereby makes a formal appeal to link up with all people who want to make a positive rational contribution to improve the situation in Uganda.

References

1 Edwords, F. (2008). What is Humanism. Retrieved from http://americanhumanist.org/humanism/what_is_humanism

2 Center for Inquiry (2016). About. Retrieved from http://www.centerforinquiry.net/about.

3 Ibid.

4 Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. (2016). Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Retrieved from http://www.csicop.org/.  

5 Council for Secular Humanism. (2016). Council for Secular Humanism. Retrieved from http://www.secularhumanism.org/

6 Center for Inquiry (2016). About. Retrieved from http://www.centerforinquiry.net/about.  

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

If You Want to be Heard, Use Your Feet

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen and Angelos Sofocleous

Publication (Outlet/Website): Assorted In-Sights (In-Sight Publishing)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/11/23

The solution to problems identified by individuals and groups is not words alone. You have to use your feet. As we catalogued in an article entitled US Women’s Rights Hero: In Celebration and Appreciation of Lana Moresky, it can come in the form of a lifelong struggle for the equality and dignity of women in one country by one person (Jacobsen & Sofocleous, 2016).

In other cases, it can take more people, which becomes the basis for social movements. Undoubtedly, one person can bring change. They always, however, necessarily need other people’s support; and that’s where social movements begin to form and bring change in the world.

Where the frequently cited heroes and heroines of various countries and eras are cited as the catalysts, but, in fact, they might turn out to be the downstream consequence of culture. That is, the cultural setting pitted the desires of various individuals and groups in society apart from one another, where the most viable solution seemed to come from the citizenry becoming fed up. They wanted more from something or of someone in society.

Those social movements can be seen throughout the history of the world. Indeed, right through the Civil Rights movements, and other social movements, even the blogging (writing) campaigns within Bangladesh continue, especially as things come to a head (Sofocleous, 2016).

From the era of Ancient Greece, where masses could decide to expel (ostracise) any citizen of the city-state of Athens, to the various movements in the 20th century that managed to bring an end to colonialism around the world, and the social movements which fought for equal human rights among people of different genders, colours and religions, one might feel as though there is a periodic and cyclic nature to the continual uprisings.

Recently, there have been plans for a women’s march in Washington (Rogers, 2016) as despite the fact that the inequality gap between various societal groups has shortened in the last century, there is still a lot to cover until we are able to praise ourselves that we have achieved equality (Jacobsen & Sofocleous, 2016).

It was a reflection of women among other peoples distressed by the divisive rhetoric on the American campaign trail by the, at the time, Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump, who is now the President-elect.

For the women’s march planned for January 21st, 2017 from the Lincoln Memorial to the White House, which was planned on Facebook and is meant to be after the Trump inauguration, 100,000 women planned to take part in it. Breanne Butler is an organizer for the women’s march on Washington.

“We’re doing it his very first day in office because we are making a statement,” Butler said, “The marginalized groups you attacked during your campaign? We are here and we are watching.” (Rogers, 2016).

Real emphasis needs to be given on such marches: While the internet can play a massive role in getting the general public informed and involved in protests, and as it serves as a concrete means to set up, advance, and organize a social movement, there is no doubt that real change takes place in the streets where the voice of people is heard and practical action is taken.

Of course, the statements do not come to the level of the Turkish government’s recent proposals about rapists being acquitted based on marrying the woman that they sexually assaulted (Davies-Owen & Jacobsen, 2016).

Despite the recent attempts of the Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan to establish an authoritarian regime, after the coup that took place in the country in July 2016, by imprisoning thousands of military generals and officers, journalists and scholars who opposed the Turkish government (Said-Moorhouse, 2016), thousands have taken the streets to oppose the proposed bill (Al-Jazeera, 2016).

“We will not shut up. We will not obey. Withdraw the bill immediately!”, the protesters shouted to the government, giving a very straight and clear view of what a social movement taking the streets can bring about (News Limited, 2016). Statements of the Justice Minister Bekir Bozdag that this “is a step taken to solve a problem in some parts of our country” cannot be described in any other way than being utterly ridiculous.

The words, then the actions, followed by the attempts for a culmination, but each began from the catalyst of reaction to events by individuals and groups to divisive rhetoric. The divisive rhetoric on the campaign trail. No need to reiterate details known to most. Word of mouth, social media, conversations with spouses, within families, with friends, and in communities and organizations turned into action.

Actions such as the increased monetary funding and socio-cultural support for nonprofit organizations representative of particular aspects of political platforms and policies including the Planned Parenthood Federation of America and the American Civil Liberties Union (Chokshi, 2016).

The marches planned on Facebook for Washington seem akin to the protests and marches for Black Monday in Poland over reproductive health services and rights including abortion services by tens, even hundreds, of thousands of women and the 70,000 women marching and protesting in Argentina over the high femicide, murder of women, rate in the country (Jacobsen & Jackson, 2016; Jacobsen & Machado, 2016).

Without these marches, the above issues would be a mere headline in a newspaper or another issue commented on the news. But because of all those thousands of people that became united under a common goal and scope, the above issues have managed to get globalized. Thus, frustration and anger caused by the above proposed laws, and pressure to the respective governments, is no longer Polish, Argentinian, or Turkish. It is global. And this is all thanks to those social movements.

These feet marching and protesting are heard by the leaders and tend to create either more uproar, at a minimum debate, and sometimes substantial democratic reform to create a country more aligned with the desires of the citizenry, which is part of the international human rights movements and has been for a long time.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Introduction to the Baobab Inclusive Empowerment Society

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen and Felix Kongyuy

Publication (Outlet/Website): Baobab Inclusive Empowerment Society

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/11/21

Scott

The Baobab Inclusive Empowerment Society (BIES) is a registered non-profit society. It has a vision of facilitation of integration founded on accountability, compassion, equality, resilience, and trust for the disempowered across all community, cultural, and ethnic lines. The BIES mission aims to empower families and individuals. We want to be a nexus for multiculturalism and partnerships with discrimination based on age, political affiliation, race, or religion.

Our values follow the REACH formula: Respect, Empathy, Accountability, Commitment, and Honour. Respect with equal treatment and sensitivity for culture in all services. Empathy for all individuals without regard for ability or means. Accountability tied to honesty and openness for resource management for clients and stakeholders. Commitment to professional standards in provision of services for those in need. Honour via the nobility of the Baobab Inclusive Empowerment Society.

We offer numerous services and programs within the vision, mission, and values statements of the organization. In Canada, whether native speakers of English (Anglophone), French (Francophone), or other native languages, we offer the opportunities and tools for inclusion of the vulnerable members of these populations. Some supports from the BIES are the work experience, confidence and self esteem building, reduction of culture shock and isolation, and the encouragement of entrepreneurship and volunteerism.

These exist alongside themed activities such as dialogues, relationship building for families, healthful lifestyle, and community spirit, and the promotion of arts, communication, culture, education, health, poverty reduction, and technology. The content and purpose for the activities and events within the vision, mission, and values comes from the strategy. It is an inclusive strategy with an emphasis on the aforementioned activities, events, and promotions.

Of course, the disempowered, as stated at the outset, are the most vulnerable, which tend to be the young, the old, and minorities. Our bilingual programs cater to these population because of an identified need by Felix and others. We target those populations to assist them. British Columbia, as one of the wealthiest and well-off places in the world (and, therefore, one of the most in human history), should have few of these sub-populations living in poor conditions.

Within that spirit, we would hope to emphasize BIES and its role in the facilitation of integration of those communities for harmony and greater wellbeing of individuals, families, and the community as a whole.

Felix

Did you know that in Surrey and Greater Vancouver?

As of 2010, the child poverty rate in the Greater Vancouver region was 37.8% and 43.8% among children of recent immigrants (those who immigrated during the 2006-2011 period). Numerous studies show the benefits of physical activity beyond maintaining a healthy weight. Physical activity is linked with positive mental well-being, increased academic performance, improved confidence and self-esteem, and the prevention of future health problems.

Do you ever wonder where the money comes from to support low income children, refugees, and newcomers in Surrey and Greater Vancouver?

It doesn’t come from the government or from city funds. Most comes from organizations like Baobab Inclusive Empowerment Society (Charity Number, BN: 801100686RR0001) and individuals like you. When we’re asked, “Why we should care about what happens in Surrey and Greater Vancouver?” I think about Bang, who is a program participant. When Bang first came to our program, he couldn’t communicate with other children or enjoy our sports activities because he always wanted to play his computer games.

Oftentimes, Bang will run away from our coaches. He never said a word to anyone. After four sessions, our coaches engaged him during our circle time to tell a story about his video games. As he started speaking, they asked him during the next game if he would like to become the leader. He agreed. Since then, he felt comfortable, made friends, and asked to help other children who came to the program. As the coaches discovered his passion for leading, he was nominated to lead a group of children during circle time for a week.

Because of his interest and compassion, we were able to provide Bang with a t-shirt, soccer shoe, water bottle, and a soccer ball to take home. Since that day, his parents said he plays soccer after school regularly, studies effectively, and, more important, stays away from video games. BIES has the goal to reach more than 200 low income children next year in Surrey through our Inclusive Sports program, and investing in vulnerable and low income children. Those investments are like investing in every child in Surrey.

This year, we have the ambitious goal of increasing our programs to 3 different communities in Greater Vancouver. Please consider helping give children and refugees a brighter future with a special gift of $50 or more. The donation is tax deductible. Without people like you, their lives would be a nightmare.

P.S. Thanks for making the dream of children, youths and families become a reality. All cash donations of $25 dollars or more will be receive a tax receipt from us. Please, give me a call at 604-585-6775, or visit http://www.baobabinclusive.ca, if you need more information about our mission and work.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Turkish Government Proposes Raped Women Marry Rapist for Rapists’ Acquittal

Author(s): Phoebe Davies-Owen and Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Assorted In-Sights (In-Sight Publishing)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/11/19

Turkey continues to invite criticism from the international community (Russia Today, 2016a). After it emerged that it’s government was putting forward a bill that would pardon rapists if they married their victims, the motion was brought to the Turkish Parliament for consideration today, as a way to skirt the legal complications with child marriage, which make up 33% of Turkish marriages (Russia Today, 2016b).

The AKP (Justice and Development party in power, who favour conservative ideology) have supported the policy, and Justice Minister Bekir Bozdag on Saturday moved to reassure opponents that the bill would not pardon rapists.

“The bill will certainly not bring amnesty to rapists…. This is a step taken to solve a problem in some parts of our country,” Bozdag told a NATO meeting in Istanbul (Channel News Asia, 2016). The proposal states that, in the case of child rape, if the act was committed without “force, threat, or any other restriction on consent,” and if the victim agrees to marry the aggressor, the sentence of the condemned shall be postponed (Al Jazeera, 2016). Does anyone else see troubles with this?

Indeed, it has been heavily criticised. For example, the opposition party said the proposal would “encourage forced marriages” and “legalize marriage to rapists,” but some in the women’s rights community in Turkey have gone so far as to claim that this movement in legislation would legalise and encourage the rape of minors (Hurriyet Daily, 2016).

On the same day, around 3,000 protesters turned up to the Kadikoy Square in Istanbul to show their contempt. A UN children’s fund spoke out about the bill as deeply concerning. It is criminal. This bill, if passed, will only put pressure on rape victims to spend their lives with to their rapists in order to avoid a scandal. That is, the doubt of a woman’s honour and virginity.

Child marriage, which is common in Turkey, is not defined as a criminal act – Yasar University law professor Mustafa Ruhan Erdem has said that Girls under 16 are allowed to marry in Turkey with Sharia Court permission.

According to Nuriye Kadan (İzmir Bar Association Central Executive Board Member and women’s rights advocate), there are 181,036 child brides in Turkey, and when speaking at a conference to tackle the matter of child marriage, made the claim that the number could actually be far higher than estimated because most child marriages are performed with only the presence of an Imam, not registered by authorities (Buchanan, 2016).

This makes sense. The number of listed child marriages, as a safe assumption, will be lower than the real number. Who would want to accurately detail the quantity of child marriages in their country?

And if so, what would be the temptation to misrepresent the number, individually, familially, or nationally? The Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages from 1962. It unequivocally states that “Marriage shall be entered “into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses” (Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, 1964). UNICEF states child marriage “is one of the most pernicious manifestations of the unequal power relations between females and males” and “both a cause and a consequence of the most severe form of gender discrimination” (UNICEF, 2008). Is it no wonder this is a controversial proposal by the Turkish government?

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

The UK’s Soft Exit from the EU

Author(s): Michael John Bramham and Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Assorted In-Sights (In-Sight Publishing)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/11/18

One of the biggest ongoing issues in the headlines is Brexit, which is the motion for Britain to leave the European Union. On June 23, 2016, the UK held a referendum on whether or not the country should stay in the European Union. The question asked in that referendum was the following: “Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?”

The votes were open to British, Irish, and Commonwealth citizens over the age of 18. 52% of the UK population voted in favor of leaving the EU. Prime Minister Theresa May stated that Article 50 of the Treaty of the European Union would be invoked to implement the results of the referendum to leave the EU. A Department of Exiting the European Union was created in the light of this.

Britain’s membership in the European Union has been controversial since the signing of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, which ushered in a new era of closer integration in Europe. This is, in part, due to unresolved historical questions of identity that have plagued the British political psyche since the dissolution of the British Empire.

Indeed, Article 50 of the Treaty of the European Union notes the statement from the Lisbon Treaty that provides the right of the member state, in this case the UK, to exit the European Union. Prior to that point, the potential for any sort of withdrawal from the EU was difficult. The United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) has been the main campaigner in support of leaving the EU since its foundation in 1993.

UKIP was established to campaign against continued integration with the European Union and to campaign for the UK to leave. UKIP was not alone in its hostility to the EU. In fact, many Conservative Party backbench MPs also came to oppose the EU for its liberal internationalist agenda. Although, largely a marginal player, UKIP was able to bring the issue of the EU into the mainstream from the mid-2000s onwards, largely thanks to the increasing division within the Conservative Party over the issue between the party’s traditional conservative and more neoliberal factions.

Seeking to resolve the increasing division in his party, under pressure from anti-EU MPs and hoping to silence opposition to the EU, Prime Minister David Cameron vowed to have a referendum on the issue as a major part of his manifesto at the last general election in 2015.

Unfortunately, he underestimated the strength of opposition, the lack of knowledge about the EU among certain elements of the general public and the depth of the division in his own party.

The result was that 51.89% of voters voted in favour of leaving the EU to 48.11% in favour of remain. Discredited, Prime Minister Cameron announced his resignation a few hours after the result was announced leading to the accession of his Home Secretary Theresa May to the premiership on 13th July.

The main complication in the light of the referendum vote is the fact that there is an ongoing debate over whether or not PM May has the right to initiate proceedings for leaving the EU, or if she needs to win a vote in Parliament first. It is a legal dispute.

This raises complications around the political and legal history of the country. Take, for example, the half-reformed status of the UK, and the systems, some of them, that haven’t changed since the 17th century and the ‘Glorious Revolution’ of 1688.

The government claims it can use the PM’s royal prerogative to trigger proceedings. However, given that the UK entered the EU by act of parliament, campaigners are arguing they need another act of parliament in order to leave.

When Britain established itself as a parliamentary democracy they did so by effectively transferring most of the absolute powers of the monarch to parliament and through parliament to the Prime Minister. Thus, today, the Prime Minister has many reserve executive powers they can call upon via the Queen, which are leftovers from the days of absolute monarchy.

However, May’s ability to use these powers at this juncture are ambiguous due to the fact that as an international treaty it was an act of parliament that took the UK into the EU and acts of parliament cannot be repealed by anyone except parliament.

Another complication, which has been of comfort to remain campaigners, is that the act that committed the government to having a referendum quite clearly states that it was ‘advisory’ and not legally binding.

As such, the government and parliament are under no legal obligation to leave the EU in spite of a leave vote, which leaves the UK parliament and the public in a bind regarding the EU.

Especially since the majority of MPs were in favour of staying in the EU, even in spite of this glaring complication and the majority of the MPs having been in favour of staying in the EU, PM May has vowed to push ahead through the legal wilderness to ascertain the coveted Brexit, CBC reports.

New developments in the past few days have seen the leader of the opposition Jeremy Corbyn announce that his party would block any deal over Brexit that did not ensure the UK’s continued access to the single-market.

This is a blow to Theresa May and her cabinet colleagues who seek a ‘hard Brexit’ which would inevitably have to include a withdrawal from the single-market in order to be implemented. With the referendum turnout voting in favour of Brexit the possibility of leaving the EU seems likely. However, with the legal complications, the opposition in parliament and the demands for continued access to the single-market, then PM May, if she does go through with Brexit, may be forced to go for a ‘soft Brexit’ rather than a ‘hard’ one.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Canada Drops in Index Ranking Women’s Rights

Author(s): Phoebe Davies-Owen and Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Assorted In-Sights (In-Sight Publishing)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/11/17

International women’s rights apply to every nation including Canada. Female Canadian citizens, in general, have difficulties faced throughout life not seen, or not experienced to the same degree, on average, by Canadian men. Recently, a United Nations committee examined and analyzed the status of women and women’s rights in Canada. The United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) described the situation in Canada for women’s rights as not much being done to improve the state for women within the country.

CEDAW was founded in 1982 and based in the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), which was adopted in 1979. Member states of the UN become party of CEDAW through “ratifying or acceding to the Convention,” which necessitates review by the committee on fulfillment of the obligations implied by being a member of the committee. In review of the obligations by the CEDAW, the committee, Canada has fallen since 1995 “from 1st to 25th place on the UN Gender Equality Index,” Canadian Civil Society Organizations reports.

The National Union of Public and General Employees (NUPGE) Secretary-Treasurer, Elisabeth Ballermann, said, “How much more evidence does our government need to prove that women continue to face inequality and discrimination?” In fact, the over two-decade decline in the status of Canada on the international stage for women’s rights implementation occurred throughout the Prime Ministerial leadership of The Right Honourable Justin Trudeau, Stephen Harper, Paul Edgar Philippe Martin, and Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, which have been through long periods of both Liberal Party of Canada and Conservative Party of Canada leadership.

No one Canadian federal political party to lay blame on for this. It amounts to a societal issue. A problem in how Canadian citizens, to some degree and in many domains, relate to one another day-to-day in public and private life. “We need a government that will not just talk about improving equality but one that will actually act,” Ballermann said. Another portion of the report relates to the gender wage gap. The report notes that the gender wage gap in Canada is double the amount of the global average. Indeed, the executive director of West Coast LEAF, Kasari Govender, described the ‘motherhood tax’, which is the pay gap for mothers in general compared to women without children. “Canadian mothers earn 12 per cent less than women without children,” Govender said, “The gap increases as the number of children goes up.”

According to Kate McInturff, a senior researcher at the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives who specializes in gender inequity and public policy, no improvements have been made regarding the gender wage gap in Canada. In her piece “Budget 2016: not enough real change for women,” she found that 43,000 new jobs were promised in 2016 and 100,000 for 2017/18, the majority of which would actually be created for the construction industry. This industry, which is 88.5% male, is continuously prioritised over female orientated industries like health care. The consequence of this is that women currently comprise 36% of beneficiaries of new budget measures intended to create jobs.

Trudeau himself, who has repeatedly made grand public gestures about being a feminist, is part of the larger problem. Many remember the political and gender equality maneuver for a 50/50 gender split Cabinet with the meme-quote that spread afterwards: “…because it’s 2015.” There is no right way to be a Feminist, but it is a problem when people think the Prime Minister is a great feminist, when in reality, he and his government are failing to address and actually change the injustices faced by Canadian women, in particular, those women who are considered to be on the margins of society.

Dr. Pam Palmater, the chair of Ryerson University has said that Indigenous Canadian women “suffer some of the world’s highest suicide rates, overrepresentation in prison and high rates of sexualized violence” and it seems to be a trend which has continued for years. During the year of the release of Amnesty International’s “Stolen Sisters,” the organisation said that women between the ages of 25 and 44 were five times more likely to die as a result of violence, and a report by the RCMP (Royal Canadian mounted police) calculated that more than a thousand indigenous women had been murdered since 1980, and another 152 had gone missing since 1982.

An inquiry was launched by the Canadian government in August to investigate the situation, but it remains to be seen whether the inquiry can be conducted in a way that satisfies public opinion and actually secures justice for women within indigenous communities. The final key point made in the report was on austerity and women’s rights in Canada. It was termed a “double-whammy for women” because the global financial crisis create restriction in wages, i.e. that stagnation of

wages if not decline, and the cuts to the benefits for women. “These austerity decisions ensure that women who are already economically disadvantaged bear even more of the consequences,” Ballermann said. An associated list of other problems within Canada for every single woman included lack of protection of women’s social and economic rights, support systems, violence against women, and access to abortions, among others.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Mike Pence is Still Here, Folks

Author(s): Dominic Sylvia Lauren and Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Assorted In-Sights (In-Sight Publishing)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/11/16

In the wake of the recent surprise election of Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump, we must remain mindful of the President-elect’s shadow: Mike Pence. He is the Vice President-elect of the United States. Furthermore, he believes a series of bizarre things, if not outright falsehoods, which we will explore in this piece. One positive comes out of this. He is upfront about them.

Pence is someone “who sees the last 40 years of progress on abortion, gay rights, civil rights, criminal justice reform and race relations as a disaster for the country,” the Huffington Post reports. His views, if implemented at a national level, can be legitimate threats to women’s rights, LGBTQ+ rights, and the environment.

Mike Pence has been fixated on defunding Planned Parenthood throughout all of his years in politics. He had already caused a lot of uproar on the matter even before he teamed up with sexist lunatic no.1, Donald Trump. He flirted with his anti-women’s reproductive rights ideal before 2007, when he was in Congress, as he pushed for the legislation to defund Planned Parenthood. It wasn’t until the government shutdown in 2011 that sparked like-minded Republicans to join Pence’s obsessive anti-abortion and anti-women’s rights campaigns.

Texas has been Pence’s pride and joy in this domain as the state has been a leader in such drastic and conservative affairs. In 2013, Texas brought Pence’s dream to life, as the state “successfully cut the network of clinics out of its public family planning program for low-income women” (Sarah Kliff, Vox). No access to contraceptives led to more babies being born in Texas, and no regard for women’s reproductive rights ultimately led to women’s personal life decisions being neglected and controlled.

Pence’s absurd obsession with defunding Planned Parenthood has not only negatively impacted the citizens of Texas; he even threw his own state, Indiana, under the bus. By leading outrageous and undemocratic campaigns against reproductive health, Scott County in Indiana became a hotbed for STDs, as Pence cut funding for the only HIV testing provider in Scott County in 2013. As a result, the County suffered a disastrous HIV outbreak.

Mike Pence’s proposed bill on anti-abortion is even too conservative for most conservatives. His proposed law, which was thankfully overturned by a Federal judge, supported banning abortion, even in the case of irreversible fetal anomalies. In addition, his law included forcing women who chose to undergo an abortion to also perform funeral services for their fetuses. This would require women to keep any of the discarded fetal tissue and to either cremate or bury it. He is not in support to Roe v. Wade. “I long for the day that Roe v. Wade is sent to the ash heap of history,” Pence said. Roe v. Wade has effects right up to the present influencing the public debate on abortion. How could such a mentality even be considered in a supposedly “free” America? The United States prides itself on being a democratic and free nation. This is simply a fallacy when such laws are being imagined and such individuals are being elected to govern.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Marriage Rejected in Mexico

Author(s): Pamela Machado and Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Assorted In-Sights (In-Sight Publishing)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/11/15

Wednesday was a difficult day for progressive Mexicans, according to the BBC. After the surprising Trump victory, which produced, as a consequent, the plunge of the Mexican Peso, the Lower House Committee rejected a proposal for a constitutional amendment, announced earlier in May in order to consecrate same-sex marriage and adoption rights.

Global news reports that President Enrique Pena Nieto’s lower house of congress voted the attempted measure to enshrine same-sex partners’ right to marry down 19-8. That is, same-sex marriage is not legal based on the vote by the Commission on Constitutional Matters. Edgar Castillo Martinez, the Commission Chairman for the Chamber of Deputies Chamber of Deputies, described the decision as “totally and definitively concluded.”

However, even with the 19-8 vote against the measure, the Supreme Court of Mexico, in 2015, stated unequivocally that the barring of same-sex couples from getting married was unconstitutional, but did not change the formal legal system. In that, it did not change the laws in the books. This did not change the fundamental framework for progressive change in the 2016 vote, even if the vote went in the favour of the progressive Mexicans.

And so a year onward, even with the hopes of the LGBTQ+, especially the gay, community in 2016 within Mexico behind the measure to make same-sex marriages constitutional, the 19-8 vote against went not-so much with the prevailing winds of change. Indeed, only some jurisdictions, such as the capital city of Mexico, remain bastions of legalized same-sex marriage.

The committee rejection happens a bit more than a month after protests against LGBT rights took place in Mexico City. Thousands of Mexicans were fighting to preserve the traditional ‘family values and the institution of marriage’, and not against LGBTQ+ rights in general. Thus, the traditional divide in the arguments between ‘family values’ and LGBTQ+ rights remain in conflict just south of the American border.

Homosexual partnerships had permission from the Mexican government to form civil partnerships. However, the recent ruling would provide the equivalent marriage rights to homosexual, or gay, couples as those already given to hetero-sexual, or straight, couples.

In fact, other countries in Latin America have provided the identical rights to gay couples for same-sex marriage as that provided to opposite-sex partnerships including Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, and partially in Mexico (depends on the areas of the country such as Mexico City and certain states), and most recently in Colombia as well.

The other issue in the country was adoption rights, as noted by The Huffington Post. And, indeed, once more, the Supreme Court pre-empted the rights of gay couples to have same-sex marriages as heterosexual couples have the constitutional right to marry, according to

Nonetheless, the recent vote of 19-8 relied on the constitutional right of gay couples to marry with some facets including adoption rights for married couples, which would mean the expansion of adoption rights to same-sex married couples, too. Despite their political success, Far-Left and Left-leaning parties have had difficulties in the past two decades. Latin America remains moderately conservative regarding same-sex relationships. Catholicism, as the predominant faith in Mexico, may be behind the popular resistance to change values that challenge traditional, conservative Christian principles.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

US Women’s Rights Hero: In Celebration and Appreciation of Lana Moresky

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen and Angelos Sofocleous

Publication (Outlet/Website): Assorted In-Sights (In-Sight Publishing)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/11/13

An Ohioan women’s rights hero has been at the forefront of the fight for women’s rights for decades. Her name is Lana Moresky, who is a Shaker Heights resident in Cleveland, Ohio. She acted as the President and Coordinator for the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1972 after moving to Ohio, where she was previously living in Pittsburgh. Her fights for women’s rights, and against the regressive forces in American culture and society, have been for the “legalization of abortion, employment equity and the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment, an effort that failed in 1982,” the Advance Ohio reports.

The tremendous, arduous, and emotionally difficult efforts have extended to work to have women elected into office through attempts to have the first woman appointed to the Northern Ohio federal bench. Moresky continues the same fight for women’s rights right into the present, which is a noble aspiration, actualized, and an inspiration for many. No doubt. Women’s rights in the United States began, effectively, in the 1920s.

By which we mean, American democracy began in the 1920s, as Louis CK astutely noted in the opening section of one time that he hosted Saturday Night Live, because women finally got the right to vote at that time. Moresky relates her personal experience in tears within the video (linked in the first paragraph) because at the start of the decades-long work she did not expect to see these kinds of events in her lifetime necessarily.

These kinds of changes appeared too far into the future, but now girls can see a woman in power and making decisions with an impact as a leader in the most powerful country in the world. She made a powerful statement in this recent, brief, interview about finally feeling a part of the country, of The United States of America. It provides an insight to the status of women, emotionally, in that many probably felt, and sometimes likely still feel, like outsiders to the mainstream political process and socio-cultural milieu.

Women are still unfairly treated in a society that often praises itself to be one of the most democratic in the world. It is not the largest democracy in the world. India is the largest democracy in the world, but America has made significant progress compared to other countries on freedom of speech, for example. However, as noted earlier, women in the United States only gained the right to vote in the 1920s, which makes democracy relatively recent in the US.

In 2016, American women fall below men in various sectors – education, job prospects, salaries, and government representation. Black and Latino American women have it even worse. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) notes that American women make 78 cents for every dollar earned by American men and also that over 1,000 public K-12 schools in the United States have single-sex education programs. What is more, women take less than 20% of the seats of the United States House of Representatives.

As Jabril Faraj brings it, “For much, if not all, of human history, women have been little more than property — subjected by men, bought and sold (in the name of “marriage”) and viewed as not much more than vessels for procreation.” Thankfully, things have changed now. But we’re anywhere where we need to be on protecting women’s rights and ensuring sex equality. Lana Moresky is a notable example of people who take action against inequality and advocate women’s rights by pressuring to get more women elected into office. Moresky has been a top Democratic activist and fundraiser for Hillary Clinton’s presidential campaign during the last year and it’s women like Moresky that brought about any change in women’s position in society and their representation in the political life.

Lana Moresky stresses the fact that it’s a major mistake that women are considered unable to make decisions or lead an organization. In fact, she emphasizes that when NOW pressures to get more women involved into politics it faces fierce opposition from male politicians or members of the government. A notable example is the unwillingness of the Senate to vote for the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), which is an international treaty that has been signed and ratified by 189 UN states, following states like Somalia, Iran, and Tonga.

The CEDAW focuses and aims exactly on what its name says: ending the elimination and discrimination against women in marriage, employment, political participation and education. The United States of America does not have a right to be proud of respecting mothers of newborns as it’s the only high-income developed country that does not offer a paid maternity leave to women. The gender gap is clear in wage inequality as the USA ranks 65th out of 142 countries in wage equality for similar work, according to the 2014 Global Gender Gap Report. These are all immediate and long-term concerns that need to addressed persistently by activists, politicians, and citizens of the US. Lana continues her work into the current, urgent, and ongoing issues for women throughout America, and we wish her success in her pursuits, and wish this to be positive highlight and expression of appreciation for her tremendous dedication and long-term commitment to women’s rights in the US. Here’s in celebration and appreciation of Moresky!

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

[Untitled]

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Ecophiles

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/10/23

Harm to Animals and the Environment

Harm to animals matters to me; the degradation of the environment matters to me, too. 

As animals, I include us. I want to reduce harm to animals in general. Pain is not fun (duh).

As to the environment, I point to what the scientific community says and well-meaning, informed global citizens know: climate change is both real and a serious issue. The use of natural fibres over synthetic ones is a good start because plastics harm ecosystems that animals depend on for decent survival. But also the use of plant-based natural fibres to reduce your impact on the environment altogether, including the animals that live and are a part of them.

Invest in Staples that will last you long

The actual cost of fast fashion comes from the externalities, which are things such as environmental and ecosystem impacts for the worse.​ ​

The simple answer for avoiding these is to be a more conscious consumer of the products that you buy which have the greatest potential to harm the environment and ecosystems, and people such as child or women labourers in poor countries.

Some of those can include a greater carbon footprint based on the use of synthetic fibers. Their production can cost carbon. They also damage the environment. Always, always, they end up in the ocean or landfills. These can have deleterious effects on ecosystems. Other negative effects include people. Because if something is damaging the ecosystem, and the animals or plants that are in the ecosystem are affected in some​ way. Those effects can in many ways hurt us because we eat plants and animals, which can exist in ecosystems damaged by plastics.

One key is to purchase the natural fibres that last longer than the other ones and to avoid the synthetic fibres altogether. Those kinds of staples are a means from which to reduce your consumption patterns, and the consumption patterns are altogether less damaging per purchase in addition to a reduction in the frequency of the purchases.

Labels matter (not brands)

Labels can matter. The labels of certification such as fair trade, sustainable apparel coalition, ethical fashion forum, Greenpeace detox, and so on. What are these groups doing? These groups are involved in providing certification or information about the potential harm to certain products and the safety of others. This is good for the buyer, which is you and me.

Buy Vintage

You can buy vintage. This means all products. You can go to an antique store or a place that sells vintage clothes. Those clothes are old, but they are useful. They don’t have to be thrown away. They don’t have to be wasteful. You don’t have to be as wasteful with purchases. This is part and parcel of being a conscious consumer in the ethical and sustainable fashion movement.

The brand does not necessarily matter, because the bigger brands don’t necessarily take into account these certifications or concerns. There is inertia from a market force in prior times that did not take any of this into account, which is something to be seriously taking into account for us- to change the direction of the fashion industry for one.

Shop Local

You can shop local. There​ ​are fewer impacts on the environment due to transportation limitations. You can simply buy at the farmers market. You can support local business. By supporting local business, you can uplift the community. You can help a neighbor. You can purchase things that are built by small and medium businesses. Small and medium businesses are the drivers of much of the economy. In tough economic times, as now, they are important. In tougher environmental circumstances, these are also important.

Repurpose your old clothes and Recycle

You can look at organization and charity directories that can inform you and put you in the right direction for the where you buy clothes. You could also look into methodologies for recycling. There are places to do it. Also, there are ways to simply biodegrade old clothes that could even be a fun weekend project. For example, if you like composting or simply haven’t tried it, you could look into red wiggler worms and hot composting to get some free fertilizer from old natural fibre clothes in only a few weeks time. 
 We can all do our part; me, too.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Interview with Blair T. Longley, Marijuana Party of Canada Leader (Part Four)

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Assorted In-Sights (In-Sight Publishing)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/10/31

What seems like the most emotionally ‘taxing’ part of activist and political work for you?

Since about 2008, I no longer am able to maintain even the slightest shreds of idealistic optimism towards the foreseeable finite future of the civilization that I was born into. Therefore, the most difficult psychological adjustments are related to coming to terms with the degree that civilization is manifesting runaway criminal insanities, due to almost everything becoming almost totally based upon enforcing frauds, which are automatically becoming exponentially more fraudulent!

Canada is moving in a progressive direction. What seem like the main domains of progression on drug policy based in evidence, science, and compassion to you?

It my opinion, it is delusional to think that Canada is moving in a “progressive direction.” Rather, I repeat my view that Canada is degenerating from colonialism towards neofeudalism, which shall likely be a phase towards something much worse.

Canada is one of the few countries in the world which still has enough natural resources left to strip-mine at an exponentially accelerating rate. Therefore, Canada is one of the few countries where Globalized Neolithic Civilization continues to superficially appear to make “sense,” despite that it is actually based upon operating through runaway criminal insanities, which operates through fundamentally fraudulent financial accounting systems, since Canada is integrated into globalized systems that are based upon public governments enforcing frauds by private banks, whereby “money” is made out of nothing as debts, in order to “pay” to strip-mine Canadian natural resources.

Fraudulent financial accounting systems present that as being good and positive things to do, because those enforced frauds present everything in absurdly backward ways. Canada has always been integrated into the Anglo-American (Zionist) Empire, which is the most dominate group inside the overall Globalized Neolithic Civilization.

Since Canada still has enough natural resources left to continue to be able to strip-mine at an exponentially increasing rate, the Canadian ruling classes continue to becoming increasingly psychotic psychopaths, while the Canadians ruled over continue to increasingly become impotent political idiots, since the established political systems in Canada continue to be able to deliberately ignore the problems of diminishing returns, through which manifest limits to growth.

The alleged “progressive direction” of Canadian society is actually based upon nothing more than the misrepresentations of the best available professional hypocrites, who are currently able to dominate Canadian society. I see nothing whatsoever that is some genuine “progression on drug policy based in evidence, science and compassion.”

Anything like that would necessarily have to be based upon better understanding of human ecology, inside of which operates the political economy.

However, there is nothing which is more deliberately ignored and/or misunderstood, in the most absurdly backward ways, than human ecology, which ramifies throughout every other way in which Globalized Neolithic Civilization has psychotic attitudes towards its ecological environment, and which is, therefore, actually manifesting as runaway criminal insanities, as far as the longer term consequences are concerned.

In general, the younger, you are (and even more so for future generations) the more you are being lied to, cheated and robbed by the established political systems. One of the various ways that manifests are those ways that young poor people are primarily the victims of marijuana laws, while the current news trends regarding the so-called marijuana “legalization” continue to be dominated by professional hypocrites, whose claims to protect young people are very probably going to continue to backfire badly.

In order for drug policies to become better based on evidence and science, as well as thereby become genuinely more compassionate, as the result of that degree of higher consciousness, it would be necessary to better base the general understanding of government itself on evidence and science.

However, doing so requires integrating and surpassing the profound paradigm shifts already achieved in physical science into political science, which requires that political science go through series of intellectual scientific revolutions and profound paradigm shifts.

In order to understand how and why the currently established drug policies have become about as absurdly backwards as possible, one has to go through the processes of not only discovering and demonstrating that governments are the biggest forms of organized crime, dominated by the best organized gangs of criminals, but also, go through deeper levels of analysis regarding how and why those are the actual social facts.

What the established drug policies have actually done are what those were actually intended to do, which were to enable organized crime to flourish on every level, and especially to enable governments, as the biggest forms of organized crime, dominated by the best organized gangs of criminals, to flourish.

Hence, the drug policies became the “War on Drugs,” while about 75% of that was the “War on Marijuana,” which enabled the fascist plutocracy to build its fascist police state, while the profits from making those “drugs,” and especially “marijuana,” become illegal would eventually end up in the biggest banks, which then could enable the profits from frauds to be reinvested in more frauds.

In general, the essential political problems are due to the ways that human ecology was driven by natural selection pressures to become based on the maximum possible deceits and treacheries.

Therefore, it has become politically impossible to have any relatively rational public debates about any important public issues, because of the degree to which the most important issues are buried as deeply as possible under the maximum possible bullshit social stories, which were spouted by the biggest bullies, for generation after generation, while those lies were backed up by violence, in ways which made those huge lies become the overwhelmingly dominate social stories.

It continues to be the case that huge lies about “marijuana” dominates the public spaces, and therefore, marijuana “legalization” continues to be based upon bullshit, which will surely backfire badly in the longer term, while yet enabling a tiny minority to make more money, by screwing the vast majority, which will be basically the same as it always was…

It continues to be tragically ironic that those who called for more evidence and science based drug policies tend to NEVER do so with respect to better understanding government itself in those ways. Therefore, not only do drug policies make no genuine progress, but also, every other political issue is also trapped in vicious spirals of political funding resulting in enforcing frauds.

The best available professional hypocrites have the most socially successful careers, such as that those politicians who are the best professional liars and immaculate hypocrites tend to win the elections, and thereafter continue to drive the entrenched vicious spirals to become worse, faster…

Overall, there are exponentially increasing contradictions between progress in physical science WITHOUT any progress in political science.

Moreover, at the present time, there are no feasible ways for those contradictions to not continue to get worse, faster, because it continues to be politically impossible for enough human beings to better understand themselves as also being manifestations of general energy systems, since doing so would require enough of them recognizing the deep degrees to which they were brainwashed to believe in bullshit about everything, on level after level, where those lies were different at every level, and which sets of lies included those which criminalized cannabis, and which currently appear to be able to continue to dominate its bogus “legalization.”

Any feelings or thoughts in conclusion?

I WISH that I could come to better conclusions. However, after spending several decades learning about politics, the most consistent theme has always been that THE MORE I LEARNED, THE WORSE IT GOT.

The about exponential progress in physical science has primarily been applied to become better at enforcing frauds, such that civilization overall has become about exponentially more fraudulent. At the present time, it appears to have been nothing more than a vain fantasy that more rational evidence and logical arguments regarding hemp truths would make any significant differences to marijuana laws.

Rather, the preponderance of current news indications is that marijuana “legalization” is going to continue to mostly be based upon the same old huge lies, and therefore, will backfire badly overall, except to the degree that relatively small minorities will be able to extract the maximum personal profits from ridiculously restrictive regulations.

Thank you for your time, Mr. Longley.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Interview with Blair T. Longley, Marijuana Party of Canada Leader (Part Two)

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Assorted In-Sights (In-Sight Publishing)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/10/16

You are the Leader of the Marijuana Party of Canada. What is the primary policy of the Marijuana Party of Canada?

The Marijuana Party was primarily founded as a single issue party, based upon the related aspects of “legalizing marijuana.” The only founding policy beyond those related to “marijuana legalization” was to change the voting system, such that there would be better representation achieved than the existing first-past-the-post electoral systems, which tends to wipe out smaller parties, while possibly giving total power to the dominate minority.

Of course, I have always, without making any effort to do so, been riding along with the waves of events that were happening during the historical times and places where I happened to exist. Hence, it is consistent with my continuing to surf the waves of change that the current Liberal Party Canadian government is currently working upon both those issues, of “legalizing marijuana” and “electoral reform.”

What derivative policies, which have details and acts as sub-clauses to the primary policy, follow from the primary policy?

That depends upon to what degree one is able and willing to accept and integrate the more radical hemp truths, that hemp is the single best plant on the planet for people, for food, fiber, fun and medicine. Neolithic Civilization has always been based upon being able to enforce frauds. Within that overall context, marijuana laws are the single simplest symbol, and most extreme particular example, of the general pattern of social facts: only a civilization which was completely crazy, and corrupt to the core, could have criminalized cannabis.

Do cults, ideologies, and religions restrict the advancement of society to greater technological, socio-cultural, and spiritual levels?

That is quite the hyper-complicated question! One of the first sociologists, Emile Durkheim, explained some of the various ways that paradigm shifts are achieved, which have been restated by many others, such as represented in these quotes from Gandhi & Schopenhauer: “First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win.” & “Every truth passes through three stages before it is recognized: In the first it is ridiculed, in the second it is opposed, in the third it is regarded as self-evident.”

Those patterns were documented happening over and over again by Thomas Kuhn in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Similarly, there is famous quote from John Stuart Mill regarding how: “Yet it is as evident in itself as any amount of argument can make it, that ages are no more infallible than individuals; every age having held many opinions which subsequent ages have deemed not only false but absurd; and it as certain that many opinions, now general, will be rejected by future ages, as it is many, once general, are rejected by the present.”

Within that context, Globalized Neolithic Civilization is running out of enough time to be able to change enough to adapt. The facts are that sociopolitical systems based upon being able to enforce frauds are becoming exponentially more fraudulent, while there appears to be nothing else which is happening which is remotely close to being in the same order of magnitude of changes to be able to adapt to that happening, because Globalized Neolithic Civilization is the manifestation of the excessive successfulness of being controlled by applications of the methods of organized crime through the political processes, in ways which overall are manifesting as runaway criminal insanities.

That society appears to have become too sick and insane to be able to recover from how serious that has become. Marijuana laws illustrated the ways that the repetitions of huge lies, backed by lots of violence, controlled civilization, despite that doing so never stopped those lies from being fundamentally false. Everything that Globalized Neolithic Civilization is doing is based upon the history of social pyramid systems of power, whereby some people controlled other people through being able to back up lies with violence.

The history of successful warfare was the history of organized crime on larger and larger scales. Being able to back up deceits with destruction gradually morphed to become the history of successful finance based upon public governments enforcing frauds by private banks. It was within that overall context that it was possible for a whole host of other sorts of legalized lies to become backed by legalized violence, which included the example of criminalizing cannabis.

 Who are important individuals in the party of aim of the legalization of marijuana apart from you – or general statements about the membership at large?

A registered political party can not exist without individual members. Each and every individual who agrees to become a registered member is vital to the overall existence of the party. After having 250+ members, during general elections, the party has to have 1 officially nominated candidate for election. The Marijuana Party operates in totally decentralized ways. Our candidates are practically in the same situation as independent candidates. Our electoral district associations are as autonomous as the elections laws allow them to be.

What does the research state about the benefits and harms of marijuana – by any means of intake such as smoked, ingested, and so on?

The overall answer continues to be the same as the Royal Commission reported in 1972, that marijuana is the safest of drugs. The history of pot prohibition was always based upon huge lies, which grossly exaggerated the harmfulness of marijuana, which set of lies may be referred to as “Reefer Madness.” In my opinion, smoking marijuana is the worst way to consume cannabis. My view is that smoking should only be done ritually and ceremonially.

Due to the history of the criminalization of cannabis, cannabis culture became similar to a slave society, within which context many people became proud of the relatively stupid social habits that they developed during those decades of prohibition. Cannabis should be food, first and foremost. Vapourization is a superior alternative to smoking.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Interview with Blair T. Longley, Marijuana of Party of Canada Leader (Part Three)

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Assorted In-Sights (In-Sight Publishing)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/10/24

What have been the most regressive policies in provincial, territorial, and national history from your perspective for the legalization and regulation of marijuana?

The total criminalization of the cultivation of cannabis, which took effect in Canada in 1938, wiped out the hemp industries which could have grown hemp for food and fiber. We are living inside of Wonderland Matrix Bizarro Worlds, where everything has become as absurdly backward as possible, due to society actually being controlled by enforced frauds.

Everything regarding the history of how hemp became marijuana, and thus, cannabis became completely criminalized, is but one of the tiny tips of an immense iceberg of integrated systems of legalized lies backed by legalized violence, which almost totally dominate Globalized Neolithic Civilization.

The ruling classes, the pyramidion people in those entrenched social pyramid systems, are becoming increasingly psychotic psychopaths, while most of the people they rule over are matching that by becoming increasingly impotent political idiots.

People who do not know anything but what their schools and the mass media tell them know nothing but bullshit, which they have been brainwashed to believe in their whole lives.

They may be told relative truths about trivial facts, but otherwise they are massively LIED TO BY OMISSION regarding the most important facts, as well as generally misinformed about everything, in proportion to how important those things are.

Again, the ways in which the schools and mass media, operated by professional hypocrites, have presented grossly disproportional and irrational risk analysis regarding the exaggerated harms and dangers of marijuana, simply symbolized the ways in which the vast majority of people were brainwashed to believe in bullshit, in ways which have become more and more scientific brainwashing, as manifested within the context of an oxymoronic scientific dictatorship, which has primarily applied progress in science and technology in order to get better at enforcing frauds, while adamantly refusing to become more genuinely scientific about itself.

The biggest bullies’ bullshit world views have been built into the basic structure of the dominate natural languages and philosophy of science, such that almost everyone thinks and communicates in ways which are absurdly backwards, and moreover, are tending to actually become exponentially more absurdly backwards, as the progress in physical science and technology continue to be applied through sociopolitical systems based upon being able to enforce frauds, which are thereby becoming exponentially more fraudulent.

Since the most socially successful people living within systems based upon enforcing frauds are the best available professional hypocrites, there are no practically possible ways to prevent that from continuing to get worse, faster…

Although the laws of nature are never going to stop working, and therefore, nothing that depends upon the laws of nature is going to stop working, natural selection pressures have driven the development of artificial selection systems to become based on the maximum possible dishonesties, which are not getting better in any publicly significant ways, but rather, are actually becoming exponentially more dishonest. Globalized Neolithic Civilization is headed towards series of psychotic breakdowns, a tiny component of which is the psychotic breakdown of pot prohibition.

You have moderate exposure in the media. What responsibilities come with this public recognition?

The public opinions regarding the Marijuana Party tend to be similar to the rest of the systems of public opinions, which are based upon generation after generation being brainwashed to believe in the biggest bullies’ bullshit world views by their schools and mass media.

The general public opinions of the Marijuana Party could hardly be lowered by anything that I could possibly do. In my view, the vast majority of Canadians, literally more than 99%, always behave like incompetent political idiots, (while the fraction of 1% that are the pyramidion people in those social pyramid systems are more competently malicious.)

Inside that context, I tend to not want to volunteer to be a performing clown, who can be drafted into the narratives which are presented by the mass media. Meanwhile, I regard those people who have been made become more relatively famous by their greater mass media coverage publicity as being mainstream morons and reactionary revolutionaries.

While I may still somewhat entertain vain fantasies that I should promote more radical truths, including more radical hemp truths, from any overall objective point of view society has become too terminally sick and insane to recover from the degree to which that has become the case.

One tiny manifestation of that are those ways that the “legalization” is currently indicated to become based on compromises with the same old huge lies, while more radical hemp truths are not expected to be able to change that.

Therefore, “legalizing” marijuana now looks like it is headed toward becoming ridiculously restrictive regulations, which will actually amount to “Pot Prohibition 2.0” based on “Reefer Madness 2.0.”

Who are activists, authors, bloggers, writers, and so on, that influence you, and deserve greater exposure?

I am not aware of any particular sources which I would unreservedly recommend. My opinions are due to sifting through vast amounts of information, such that what I have distilled is nothing like anything which was similar to what was originally presented in those sources.

In my view, it is politically impossible for any publicly significant opposition to not be controlled. I am not aware of any “alternatives” that are more than “alternative bullshit.” The best one gets is relatively superficial analyses, which are correct on those levels, but which then tend to collapse back to the same old-fashioned bogus “solutions” based upon impossible ideals.

It is barely possible to exaggerate the degree to which almost everyone takes for granted the DUALITIES of false fundamental dichotomies, and the related impossible ideals. I am not aware of any publicly significant “opposition” that is not controlled by the ways that they continue to almost completely take for granted thinking in those ways.

(Of course, that includes the publicly significant groups that the mass media have most recognized as those who have campaigned to “legalize” marijuana.) Ideally, we should go through series of intellectual scientific revolutions and profound paradigm shifts.

Primarily that means we should attempt to better understand how human beings and civilization live as manifestations of general energy systems, and therefore, we should attempt to use more UNITARY MECHANISMS to better understand how human beings and civilization actually live as entropic pumps of environmental energy flows.

However, I am not aware of anyone who is publicly significant that sufficiently does that, especially because going through such series of profound paradigms becomes like going through level after level of more radical truths, which amounts to going through the fringe, then the fringe of the fringe, and then the fringe of the fringe of the fringe, etc….

I present what I call the Radical Marijuana positions as being those Fringe Cubed positions, which are based upon attempting to recognize the degree to which almost everyone currently almost totally takes for granted thinking and communicating through the uses of the dominate natural languages and philosophical presumptions, which became dominate due to those being the bullshit which was backed up by bullies for generation after generation, for thousands of years.

Not only has civilization been based on thousands of years of being able to back up lies with violence, while progress in physical science has enabled those systems to become exponentially bigger and BIGGER, but also, those few who superficially recognize that then still tend to recommend bogus “solutions” which continue to be absurdly backwards, because they do not engage in deeper analysis regarding how and why natural selection pressures drove the development of artificial selection systems to become most socially successful by becoming the most deceitful and treacherous that those could possibly become.

Since those are the facts, everything that matters most is becoming worse, faster … Within that context, the bogus “legalization” of marijuana, based upon recycled huge lies, is too little, too late, and too trivial to matter much. Rather, what is happening is that the Grand Canyon Chasms between physical science and political science are becoming wider and WIDER!

Human beings and civilization have developed in ways whereby they deliberately deny and misunderstand themselves living as entropic pumps of environmental energy flows in the most absurdly backward ways possible, while yet, almost everyone continues to take that for granted, which includes the degree to which the central core of triumphant organized crime, namely, banker dominated governments, are surrounded by layers of controlled “opposition” groups, which stay within the same bullshit-based frame of reference.

There is almost no genuine opposition, but rather, the only publicly significant “opposition” is controlled by the ways that they continue to think and communicate using the dominate natural languages and philosophy of science, without being critical of those.

Of course, that characterizes the controlled “opposition” groups, which have been campaigning to “legalize” marijuana. As those campaigns have become more mainstream, those campaigns have become less radical, and therefore, have tended to even more be able and willing to compromise with the same old recycled huge lies.

Therefore, in general, one is watching the “legalization” of marijuana turn into a mockery of itself, whereby what is actually happening is becoming more and more absurdly backwards to what was originally being promoted by those who long ago were campaigning to try to “legalize” on the basis of promoting more radical hemp truths.

Instead, “legalized” marijuana is being more and more forced back to fit inside the established monetary and taxation systems, which are almost totally based upon public governments enforcing frauds by private banks. The current news trends indicate that “legalized” marijuana is only happening INSIDE the systems that criminalized cannabis in the first place. Hence, overall, the campaigns to “legalize” marijuana are more and more being betrayed, such that what is most probably going to actually happen are sets of ridiculously restrictive regulations. (Of course, we will have to wait and watch to see what finally happens in those regards during the next couple of years. However, there are no good grounds to be genuinely optimistic about that at the present time.)

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Interview with Blair T. Longley, Marijuana Party of Canada Leader (Part One)

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Assorted In-Sights (In-Sight Publishing)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/10/15

In terms of culture, family, geography, language, and religion/irreligion, what is your background?

I was born on the barbaric fringe of the British Empire, i.e., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in 1950. I grew up in Dollarton, North Vancouver. In retrospect, it was sort of “frozen in history” when I was young.

The natives had been genocidally wiped out by viral diseases, and then relegated to small reservations, many miles away from Dollarton. The area was only beginning to be developed when I was young.

There were many miles of beaches and forests that I could explore around my home, where there were almost no other people. Those areas are developed now, such that it is no longer possible for me to go back “home.”

The community I grew up in was almost totally White Anglo Saxon Protestant (there were a few Catholics.) Up until the year 1971, when I was 21 years old, Dollarton had a clause in its property titles which explicitly stated that those properties could not be sold to anyone who was not Caucasian.

Therefore, the elementary and high schools that I went to had zero “diversity,” as people would now think of that kind of multiculturalism. I grew up in a family that may be referred to as “third generation atheists,” inasmuch as for three generations nobody in my family had believed in any of the established religious dogmas.

When I went through the academic and technical educations of the British Columbian schools’ systems I was taught to respect rational evidence of facts and logical arguments. In high school I did best in science courses. Therefore, my primary ways of thinking were based on mathematical physics. My first philosophy was statistical materialism.

How did this influence development?

When one pursues the prodigious progress made in mathematical physics, one learns about the history of scientific revolutions, whereby there were series of intellectual revolutions, and profound paradigms shifts. Those trends that follow from attempting to more seriously consider what mathematical physics is telling us about the “real” world.

One finds that those more and more re-converge with ancient mysticism. I have spent several decades pursuing those convergences between mathematical physics and mysticism, with particular emphasis upon attempting to reconcile physical science with political science.

What were your early involvements in activism and politics prior to the Marijuana Party of Canada?

My first participation in registered political activities was going to the founding convention of the Green Party of Canada in Ottawa, in 1983. In 1984, I became a Green Party candidate in the General Federal Elections, in order to help the Green Party, become a registered party under the Canada Elections Act.

At that time, my main concern was the nuclear arms race between the USA and the USSR, which became quite insane during the 1980s, and reached its most insane point in 1986. (Of course, that situation after getting somewhat better for a while, has now become worse than it has ever been before.)

Back at that time, the Green Party was tending to become more mainstream, and therefore, my kinds of radical politics were not approved of by the more mainstream members of the Green Party. That ended up with my also being endorsed as a Rhinoceros Party candidate on the last day of the nomination period, which made national news, due to my becoming a Green Rhino.

During the 1984 General Federal Elections, one of the most important turning points in my life took place when I attended an election expenses seminar given by Elections Canada officials, where the political contribution tax credit was explained. I realized the awesome potential of that tax credit, and spent the next few decades attempting to realize that potential.

I became a registered agent of the Rhinoceros Party, which enabled me to work on using the tax credit, as political experiments that enabled me to build the factual basis for a court case against the government of Canada regarding the uses of political contribution funds. From 1982 to 1987, I was publicly cultivating cannabis plants in university family housing gardens, first on SFU’s campus, and then on UBC’s campus.

During 1986 I engaged in substantial correspondence with Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, and some of his other ministers, regarding the criminalization of cannabis. In 1987 I was growing several dozen marijuana plants in the center of the family housing garden, in order to gain standing to challenge the constitutional validity of the marijuana laws.

However, when I went to court, the RCMP witness, crown prosecutor, and judge, conspired to make deliberate errors in law, so that they could summarily acquit me, and therefore, not have to bother to look at the evidence nor listen to the legal arguments that I had prepared for that case.

In other words, that court case ended in a completely goofy way. Since then, it has been repeated, over and over again, that Canadian courts were too corrupt to engage in a proper Charter of Rights examination of the original purpose and subsequent effects of the laws that criminalized cannabis.

After my own efforts had resulted in clearly demonstrating that was going to be the case, I stopped doing any more activism on that topic, but rather, devoted all my time and energy, from 1988 to 2000, in working on my court case against the Canadian governments regarding the political contribution tax credit.

After I finally won that case, by proving that the government had been arrogantly dishonest about the legal uses of that tax credit, in 2000, I attempted to interest all the other registered political parties in adopting my ideas. NONE of the other registered parties were willing to adopt my ideas regarding the possible uses of that tax credit, EXCEPT the newly registered Marijuana Party.

Therefore, the reason that I became associated with the Marijuana Party is that it was the ONLY registered party that was willing to attempt to realize the full potential of the political contribution tax credit. In 2004, the Canada Elections Laws were changed in ways which deliberately decimated the Marijuana Party. After the Marijuana Party had been effectively destroyed by those changes in the Elections Laws, I became Party Leader, because there was nobody else who was willing and able to do so at that time.

I primarily did so in order to continue to work on the political contribution tax credit potential, by finding ways to work around the changes in the Elections Laws which summarily criminalized most of what the Marijuana Party had been successfully doing from 2000 to 2003. (That is what I continue to do now through authorizing autonomous Marijuana Party Electoral District Associations.)

Becoming Party Leader enabled me to have another court case against the Canadian government regarding Elections Laws that made votes for big parties be worth about $2 per vote, per year, for the big political parties, while votes were worth nothing to smaller political parties. We originally won at trial, however, we lost under appeal in 2008, which effectively made sure that the Marijuana Party could not compete with the bigger political parties.

The big parties actually made money from participating in General Federal Elections, while the smaller parties went broke by attempting to do so. The Elections Laws are set up in every possible way to favour the big parties, while screwing the smaller parties.

However, since the big parties also appoint the judges, the typical patterns are for the courts to up-hold as constitutionally valid the laws regarding the funding of the political processes which accumulate to result in Canada NOT being a “free and democratic society,” but rather, being a runaway fascist plutocracy juggernaut.

Overall, Canada is deteriorating from colonialism towards neofeudalism, while the vicious spirals of the funding of all facets of the political processes are the main factors driving that to happen…

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Protecting Multicultural Canada

Author(s): Cameron McLeod and Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Assorted In-Sights (In-Sight Publishing)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/08

“More than most other countries, Canada is a creation of human will.”

Preliminary Report of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism: 144

In everyday discussions about Canada and its politics, there is often a distinct lack of nuance.

And it’s a sad fact that the most pressing challenges a country might face are not often the most easily framed in a digestible way, or accessible to the average person. It would be pointless to hark on this, it’s just the way our busy, multifaceted lives work. And so in order that every conversation not necessarily begin with a framing of the essentials, then a defining of the parties, and then with each party stating their background in coming to the Canadian conversation — a society like ours rests on assumptions to create an accessible narrative of national conversation. This is multiculturalism. It’s a series of assumptions and basic modes of thinking about the country, that really is the closest thing we have to a national ideology.

But our argument is that resting on assumptions is a lot like resting on one’s laurels. And that can be dangerous. Canada might just be fundamentally more susceptible to a populism that appeals to our baser emotions exactly because those emotions have been starved of air for so long.

Canadians take for granted equilibrium. The politics of division, racial animosity, and religious intolerance are – at present – very far removed from the majority of Canadians’ daily lives. This is not the case everywhere else. There isn’t the space here to define multiculturalism in very much depth, but here’s a shot at a summary. Since 1971, Canada’s official policy is a pluralist doctrine called “multiculturalism.” This is where no one culture is dominant or more Canadian than any other. As that might be contentious, a multicultural approach is probably best defined inversely.

Multiculturalism is where no culture, religion, or ethnicity, is unqualified to be Canadian and co-exist in Canadian society. This way of thinking is frequently articulated, referenced and adhered to, from and across Canada’s political landscape.

As citizens, we’re very proud of this way of thinking because it really self-evidently works. And it’s hardly understated, it’s how we justify our successes and where we look for redemption in our failures. Pierre Elliot Trudeau’s government made it official. And as a young man, Pierre Trudeau, wrote that Canada respects “the big and the small, the one and the several.” (Allen Mills, Citizen Trudeau: 122). I think his is a well put summary.

Still looking at Trudeau, multiculturalism’s founder, he also called Canada a country of la petite patrie. Small homelands. Our country is not home to one nation, but, in Trudeau’s estimate, two.

And more recently we’ve come to recognize many more. Our society, its institutions, its communities, and its people have the ability to identify both with the region and with the nation at large. This has made Canada an open society. On this point, you will find little debate. As a society, we remain loyal to our differences.

This is highfalutin’, sure, but it’s also what we’ve decided to build a country with. Now, it seems, Canada exists coherent and vanquished of much old-world baggage, and free of the tensions of the melting pot down-south.

A Canadian has no particular ethnicity. They speak no particular language (while expected to have English or French, this will never be enforced). They have no particular religious beliefs, and were not necessarily born here. He or she has not necessarily lived here for the majority of his or her life, and has not necessarily been educated a certain way.

They do not hold any particular ideological position (not even that of multiculturalism). Neither must they have any kind of political affiliation, conviction, or loyalty; nor can they have any past affiliations, convictions, or loyalties challenged or used to undermine their “Canadian-ness”.

Canada’s multiculturalism is based on an absence of conditions. Following from this, it takes on a positive character: racism is bad; discrimination according to ethnicity or culture is unacceptable; and ethnicity should not be referenced or described unless in an explicitly positive fashion. And that immigration is fundamental to the country and will continue to be in the future.

These are assumptions, and assumptions students our age have never encountered heard any other way.

This description is to emphasize how “Canadian” is, as all nationalities arguably are, something constructed. Canada is a “creation of human will,” as well as our imagination. Canada, understood as something made, is also something to be maintained.

The best way to do this is to challenge our most fundamental assumptions, not necessarily to disown them, but to better understand where threats to them might strike. We should do this now. We should do it in our schools.

Each generation does not necessarily need to begin again, but it must redefine Canada for itself, if it is to safely lead it deeper into this century. Most importantly, in creating a society where we might drive those not unquestionably subscribed to a multicultural Canada outside the proper opinion corridor, with an out of mind, out of sight sort of complacency – we lost sight of any kind of perspective of where we are, and where we still need to go.

We need voices who question immigration policy, who question what it means to be properly Canadian, and especially if this makes us deeply uncomfortable. If Canada’s pluralistic approach is correct which we believe it is – then we can defend our vision of this country.

Because the most popular narrative is of us as a free, open, democratic, pluralistic, multicultural, and multi-ethnic society, this does mean other narratives do not insidiously live outside that mainstream. In opening up the conversation to voices not traditionally in sight, most likely crude, older politics, we better prepare ourselves for real opposition that might threaten the future of this country.

In being so loose, so malleable, this country is particularly vulnerable to the 21st century’s challenges from and against the global order, especially those for and against the nation state.

The hope is that our generation will have been the last raised never having encountered a serious challenge to their way of thinking. We are concerned with how far our tolerance will stretch before it breaks – and with it, Canada.

Our worst enemy might turn out to be our own, less noble instincts. Mel Hurtig has left us and it’s up to the young today to define a new nationalism fit for this century and this country, and strong enough to embrace open societies and markets, and stable enough to preserve what is fundamentally Canadian – whatever we might want that to be.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Interview With Rick Rosner on Women and the Future (Part 4)

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): The Good Men Project

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/07/08

Rick Rosner is a personal and professional friend. I interviewed Rick in an extensive interview on In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, which came to about 100,000 words. Rick claims to have the world’s second highest IQ. He is a member of the Mega Society and was the journal editor, as well Errol Morris interviewed him for the TV series First Person. This is part 4 of a series devoted to conversation on women and the future from the extensive interview. This series is comprised of excerpts from the In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal interview. Part 4 covers the examples in outstanding women in history, the poor outcomes and lives for most people in history, and more.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Ethics exists beyond issues of the sexes.  Issues of global concern.  Ongoing problems needing comprehensive solutions such as differing ethnic, ideological, linguistic, national, and religious groups converging on common goals for viable and long-term human relations in a globalized world scarce in resources without any land-based frontiers for further expansion and exploitation, UN international diplomatic resolutions for common initiatives such as humanitarian initiatives through General Assembly Third Committee (Social, Humanitarian and Cultural), Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), United Children’s Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Develop Programme (UNDP), World Food Programme (WFP), Food And Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Human Populations Settlement Programme (UN-HABITAT), Interagency Standing Committee (IASC), and issues of UN humanitarian thematic import such as demining, early warning and disaster detection, the merger of theories of the grandest magnitude (e.g., general and special relativity) and the most minute (e.g., quantum mechanics), medical issues such as Malaria, Cancer, and new outbreaks of Ebola, nuclear waste and fossil fuel emissions, severe practices of infibulation, clitoridectomy, or excision among the varied, creative means of female – and male – genital mutilation based in socio-cultural and religious practices, stabilization of human population growth prior to exceeding the planet’s present and future supportive capacity for humans, reduction of religious and national extremism, continuous efforts of conservation of cultural and biological diversity, energy production, distribution, and sustainability, economic sustainability, provision of basic necessities of clean water, food, and shelter, IAEA and other organizations’ work for reduction and eventual elimination of nuclear armaments, culture wars over certainty in ethics on no evidence (faith-based ethics) and lack of certainty in morality because of too much data while lacking a coherent framework for action (aforementioned bland multiculturalism transformed into prescription of cultural/ethical relativism), acidification of the oceans, problems of corruption, continued annexation of land, issues of international justice handled by such organs as the International Court of Justice, introduction of rapid acceleration of technological capabilities while adapting to the upheavals following in its wake, issues of drug and human trafficking, other serious problems of children and armed conflict including child soldiers, terrorist activity, education of new generations linked to new technological and informational access, smooth integration of national economies into a global economy for increased trade and prosperity, and the list appears endless – and growing.

If collated, they form one question: “How best to solve problems in civil society?

Main issue, all subordinate queries and comprehensive, coherent solutions require sacrifice.  You might ask, “Cui bono?”  (“Who benefits?”) Answer: all in sum.  Problem: few feel the need to sacrifice past the superficial.  Some Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram protestations to represent themselves as just people while not behaving in the real world as just people.  Hashtags and celebrity speeches help in outreach and advertisement, but we need long-term, pragmatic solutions to coincide with them more.  Nothing hyperbolic to disturb healthy human societies, but reasonable and relatively rapid transitions into sustainable solutions. You have stated positive trajectories by thinking about the future.  You talked of some, but not all. What about these collection of problems and the growing list?

Rick Rosner: I believe the best instrument of change is information. Informed people more readily disbelieve stupid shit. Widespread ignorance and distrust of well-substantiated facts are usually signs of somebody getting away with something.

We know society is trending in an egalitarian direction. Trends towards equality are in a race with technology remaking society. For me, the question becomes, “How many lives and generations will be spent in misery before social and tech trends make things better and/or weird?”

The happy possible eventual situation is that tech creates a utopia in which all people get what they want. The unhappy possible eventuality is that tech debunks the importance or centrality of humanity, and humans are afterthoughts – the stepchildren of the future – being taken care of but not really having their concerns addressed because their level of existence isn’t taken seriously by posthumans. (And of course there’s the possibility that AI gets out of hand, eats everything and craps out robots. Let’s try to avoid that.)

Tech will solve some huge problems. One of the biggest is the steadily growing population. People who have a shot at technical, earthly immortality (50 to 80 years from now) will reproduce less. When transferrable consciousness becomes commonplace (120 to 150 years from now), posthuman people may not reproduce at all (though traditional human enclaves will still spit out a steady stream of kids). The uncoupling of individual consciousness from the body it was born into solves a bunch of, perhaps most, current problems and anticipated problems – crowding, food, pollution, global warming – by allowing people to live in ways that leave less of a footprint. (Not that their choices will be made for purely ecological concerns. People will always follow their own interests, and posthuman people will choose a variety of non-fleshy containers (200 years from now) because virtual or semi-robotic containers will be cheaper, more convenient, more versatile and exciting.)

But our current problems will be largely replaced by fantastically weird problems. Virtual people will be subject to virtual attacks and virtual disease. Agglomerations of consciousness may become bad actors. People may sic nanotech swarms on each other. You can find all this stuff in good near-future science fiction. William Gibson’s new novel, The Peripheral, which takes place about 20 years and 90 years from now, can serve as a good, fun intro to the future. In it, some impossible stuff happens, but it’s the possible stuff that’s interesting and scary. There are websites devoted to the future in a very non-la-de-dah way. Look at http://io9.com/ and http://boingboing.net/ – they’re entertaining and informative.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Interview with Rick Rosner on Women and the Future (Part 3)

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): The Good Men Project

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/07/07

Rick Rosner is a personal and professional friend. I interviewed Rick in an extensive interview on In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, which came to about 100,000 words. Rick claims to have the world’s second highest IQ. He is a member of the Mega Society and was the journal editor, as well Errol Morris interviewed him for the TV series First Person. This is part 3 of a series devoted to conversation on women and the future from the extensive interview. This series is comprised of excerpts from the In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal interview. Part 3 covers the examples in outstanding women in history, the poor outcomes and lives for most people in history, and more.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: In the timeline of women, on setting examples, instances arise of historical female virtuosity in spite of different circumstances for women en masse, in the commemorated annals of geniuses such as Hypatia of Alexandria, Elizabeth Anscombe, Hannah Arendt, Margaret Atwood, Simone de Beauvoir, Hildegard von Bingen, Marie Curie, Lady Anne Conway, Sarah Margaret Fuller, Susan Haack, Ayn Rand, Dame Mary Warnock, Mary Wollstonecraft, Betty Friedan, Marilyn vos Savant (greatest living philosopher of the everyday – opining), Joanne Rowling (“J.K. Rowling”/”Robert Galbraith”), and innumerable others, one need not agree with their multitudinous productions, but ought to welcome the attainments as genuine supplements to the cerebral arsenal of the erudite world.

Most of these relate in the academic, philosophical, intellectual partition of discourse on the sexes, more exist in relation to the many types of sheer brave accomplishments and firsts for women:Élisabeth Thible (First woman to ride in hot air balloon), Sophie Blanchard (First woman to pilot hot air balloon), Raymonde de Laroche (First woman to receive pilot’s license), Lilian Bland (First woman to design, build, and fly an aircraft), Amelia Earhart (Not long after Charles Lindbergh – one could state Albert Read before either Lindbergh or Earhart, first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean), Sabiha Gökçen (First woman to fly fighter plane into combat), Jacqueline Cochran (First woman to break sound barrier), Jerrie Mock (First woman to fly solo around the world), Svetlana Savitskaya (First woman to walk in space), Eileen Collins (First female space shuttle pilot), and so on.Not enough time to enter into full listing and description – a compendium must suffice for now.

Even a single example, in depth, from this list of female bright lights in the human narrative, Marie Curie discoverer of the 88th element known as Radium, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (1903) and Chemistry (1911), having an element named after her: curium, and someone of potential for higher emotional impact based on the recent nature – relative to the timeline from Hypatia to the present – of the achievements by Curie.  

Indeed, she lived concurrent with the most often quoted, and misquoted, of geniuses, Albert Einstein. No introduction or explanation needed for his accomplishments of unification and foundational contributions to physics, cosmology, and insights into reality in general.  

However, we do not hear much of Marie Curie off the top of our minds; even so, she may arise after some time to wonder and ponder on the cases of female genius.

When examining with thorough care the deep historical roots of the situation for women up to the modern era in the world of pedagogy, or even with a mild skim through a history text, within arguably the most important societal and cultural institution, outside of raw technological change, for the influence of individuals and collectives in society, Academia holds the most sway in refurbishing the old housing of society with new frameworks for understanding the world and the relation of human beings within, and to, that new apprehension of the world.  

Some modern days of recognition such as International Women’s Day, Women’s Equality Day, and Women’s History Month do some good in continual recognition from positive reflection on them. 

As per the previous question, most history education tends to teach male exemplars in each field while lacking the representation of women in such fields of endeavour.  History would appear to work on the shoulders of men, European men. 

No exemplars in proportion to men can set tacit tones through education for the youth and in turn the upcoming generation.  What could shift the focus, perspective, and conversation related to female exemplars in history? 

Rick Rosner: Compared to men, a much smaller fraction of women have been highly visible to history. Of course, the fraction of men who are visible to history is already tiny.

The vast majority of the more than 100 billion humans who have ever lived have disappeared without a trace of individual presence and are remembered only as tiny constituents of plagues or wars or statistical trends.

Now, of course, everyone produces an extensive individual digital record, and the recording of our lives will only grow more thorough. (But individuals may become invisible within a deluge of information rather than a trickle.)

History is usually learned from an event- and trend-based perspective – battles, leaders, dates, economic and demographic forces. But there’s another way – the slice-of-life approach – trying to reconstruct how people lived their daily lives and thought their daily thoughts.

This puts the women back into history and provides a counter-narrative to the big events POV. Most of our lives are conducted around daily tasks, not historic events. When we see history on TV or in a movie, it’s usually people’s stories, not dry recitations of facts.

In Women’s Studies classes and by watching my daughter study history, I’ve learned that traditionally womanly arts are often assumed to be second-tier – mundane, decorative, part of the background – what Betty Draper does, to her frustration, as compared to what Don Draper does.

And even as Mad Men points out this dynamic, it still screws over Betty, making her seem unpleasant compared to Don, whom we root for even as he wrecks his life.

We’re lucky to live in an era of increasingly immersive media that offers more opportunity to build complete worlds, including the worlds of the past. But even with this ability, virtual worlds can be shitty for women – for example, the Grand Theft Auto series is brutal to women.

The video game industry remains biased towards traditionally male action stories because they’re fun, they sell, and they’re easier to make compelling. Eventually, video games and immersive entertainment will learn how to embrace more of human experience. The subtlety’s not there yet.

(My thinking about women’s issues isn’t ultra-sophisticated. But I took women’s studies in college and belonged to a pro-feminist group called 100 Men Against Violence Against Women. On the other hand, I wrote for The Man Show.

(It wasn’t anti-women – it made fun of men’s attitudes about women – but was widely misunderstood because it tried to have it both ways – making fun of men and celebrating what men like. And the fifth season, after Adam and Jimmy and the other writers and I left, was pretty mean and misogynist.))

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Interview with Rick Rosner on Women and the Future (Part 2)

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): The Good Men Project

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/07/06

ick Rosner is a personal and professional friend. I interviewed Rick in an extensive interview on In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, which came to about 100,000 words. Rick claims to have the world’s second highest IQ. He is a member of the Mega Society and was the journal editor, as well Errol Morris interviewed him for the TV series First Person. This is part 2 of a series devoted to conversation on women and the future from the extensive interview. This series is comprised of excerpts from the In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal interview. Part 2 covers the difficulties in women in science, STEM, American politics, Plato, John Stuart Mill, flourishing, and life expectancies, and more. The next parts will be featured in The Good Men Project.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Many, not all, women tend to have a hard time in science too. Improvements in welfare, access, and attainment continue. Rosalyn Yalow, Nobel Prize in Medicine for 1977, stated:

“We bequeath to you, the next generation, our knowledge but also our problems. While we still live, let us join hands, hearts and minds to work together for their solution so that your world will be better than ours and the world of your children even better.

We cannot expect in the immediate future that all women who seek it will achieve full equality of opportunity. But if women are to start moving towards that goal, we must believe in ourselves or no one else will believe in us; we must match our aspirations with the competence, courage and determination to succeed; and we must feel a personal responsibility to ease the path for those who come afterwards. The world cannot afford the loss of the talents of half its people if we are to solve the many problems which beset us.

If we are to have faith that mankind will survive and thrive on the face of the earth, we must believe that each succeeding generation will be wiser than its progenitors. We transmit to you, the next generation, the total sum of our knowledge. Yours is the responsibility to use it, add to it, and transmit it to your children.

The failure of women to have reached positions of leadership has been due in large part to social and professional discrimination.

The excitement of learning separates youth from old age. As long as you’re learning you’re not old.”

Yalow’s “immediate future” exists here and now.

I observe some tendencies of form: some truth in women choosing non-STEM fields often to explain some of the number differential; decent truth in institutional barriers; a good deal to do with ineffectual programs of action; a great deal to do with lack of female mentors – male mentors appear less effective than women; a catch-22 of desire for more women at the top, need of more female mentors from the top for women at the bottom, but lack of female mentors at the topin proportion to the women at the bottom; some more to do with inflexible tenure-track, differential pay, no childcare on-site, tacit bias for men; and, something never said – too taboo, some small minority of men not liking women; or a variable by implication of the former or on its own, working with them. 

Narrowed from the prior question about the situation for women, with some of this in mind, what about the need for opening the arena for women in science more with continued technological and scientific comprehension in the 21st century to succeed in keeping apace with the rapidity of technological change, and scientific discovery and innovation? 

Rick Rosner: I don’t know what will draw more women into STEM fields. However, I think that more needs to be done to draw people of both genders into STEM. (A good step might be calling it “math-science” instead of STEM.) I grew up during the post-Sputnik push to educate Americans in science, followed by the laissez-faire 70s.

Now we’re in the era of dumb politics, with large factions backing away from and urging skepticism about science. It shouldn’t take a cold war or a big regular war for the U.S. to be pro-science. If current trends persist, the US will be overtaken by China in terms of percentage of GDP spent on R&D within a decade. Does it matter to the future whether the United States becomes a backwater country? I think so.

American politics is having a bad 21st century so far, but the best values America stands for will be important in tempering the more ominous aspects of the tech wave.

Jacobsen: In the history of men, we have some exemplars, Plato’s philosophy culminated in the considerations of an ideal society appropriately given the appellation “Kallipolis,” or “Beautiful City.” 

Few did as much theorization for female opportunity and equality, likely hypothesizing only in light of limitations of power and influence, in the ancient world apart from Plato including the incorporation of equality for women in the philosophical foundations, theoretical institutional operations, and consideration of aptitude and character found in The Republic, there likely exists few, or none, other in ancient times paralleling such depth of female inclusion in society and procurement of education. 

Bear in mind, he did not intend the discourse of work related to Kallipolis for the purpose of equality for women, but for creation of an ideal society and people with spores devoted to women in the society.  

Just society equated to just individual; ideal society equated to ideal individual; society – in conceptual equivalence to Platonic Form or Idea of “ideal society” – paralleled the individual. Well-ordered society reflected well-ordered individual – man or woman.  Germinations from the dialogue on an ideal society in the seminal work The Republic became the seeds for partial, by the accepted canon of ethics today, female equality, most saliently found in the work The Republic.

We find little in the totality of literature contained within the canon of Western, and Eastern, traditions beyond Plato and the ancient Greeks until the explicit work by the bright light John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) – a utilitarian philosopher rooted in the ideas and work of Berkeley, Hume, and Locke – in the hefty essay On The Subjection of Women  (1869) – a probable fresh stirp outcropping from the writing of his wife Harriet Taylor Mill’s essay, The Enfranchisement of Women (1851), because the Mills – including some by their daughter Helen – co-authored On the Subjection of Women, where the opening paragraph considers the issue of male & female relations and social institutions from the discerning, acute, and perceptive gaze of the Mills in preparation of probably one of the most complete disquisitions on women and their status in society in their day – one can find these throughout the prolonged essay:

“The object of this Essay is to explain as clearly as I am able, the grounds of an opinion which I have held from the very earliest period when I had formed any opinions at all on social or political matters, and which, instead of being weakened or modified, has been constantly growing stronger by the progress of reflection and the experience of life: That the principle which regulates the existing social relations between the two sexes—the legal subordination of one sex to the other—is wrong in itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human improvement; and that it ought to be replaced by a principle of perfect equality, admitting no power or privilege on the one side, nor disability on the other.” [Mill, J.M. 1869]

Why little in the way of acknowledgement in history for women other than in some great few jewels?  How can men best assist women – and by implication everyone in sum – flourish?

Rosner: History hasn’t been very nice to anybody. About 107 billion humans have ever lived, and the vast majority of these had miserable lives, regardless of sex. Global life expectancy didn’t reach 50 until the 1960s and didn’t reach 60 until about 1980. We live like kings and queens compared to people of a century ago, and we live wretched lives compared to people a century from now.

Standards of liberty go roughly hand-in-hand with standards of living. As humanity has gained control over the world, larger segments of the population have gained some relief from misery. I expect the future to be richer, to have more life-improving tech, and to be more inclusive.

Regressive forces in politics want to maintain gender and racial hierarchies to some extent.

These efforts often masquerade as equal treatment for all, when in fact, treatment isn’t equal. So people get pissed, and they protest, and they point out inequalities and hypocrisy. Bringing unfairness to the public’s attention seems to be the way to get things done.

One sign of progress is that arguments for inherent inequality between genders or among races are increasingly unacceptable. And such arguments should be. I have a saying (which has failed to impress anyone) that the world’s smartest rabbit is still a rabbit. By figuring out how to overcome human limitations, we can figure out how to overcome individual limitations.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Interview with Rick Rosner on Women and the Future (Part 1)

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): The Good Men Project

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/06/29

Rick Rosner is a personal and professional friend. I interviewed Rick in an extensive interview on In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, which came to about 100,000 words. Rick claims to have the world’s second highest IQ. He is a member of the Mega Society and was the journal editor, as well Errol Morris interviewed him for the TV series First Person. This is part 1 of a series devoted to conversation on women and the future from the extensive interview. This series is comprised of excerpts from the In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal interview. Part 1 covers the difficulties in prediction of gender roles, artificial intelligence, and sex, among other things. The next parts will be featured in The Good Men Project.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Many, arguably most, women have greater difficulties than their male counterparts in equivalent circumstances.  Their welfare means our welfare – men and women (no need to enter the thorny, confused wasteland of arguments for social construction of gender rather than sex; one need not make a discipline out of truisms.). 

Net global wellbeing for women improves slowly, but appears to increase in pace over the years – millennia, centuries, and decades.  

Far better in some countries; decent in some countries; and far worse, even regressing, in others.  Subjugation with denial of voting, driving, choice in marriage, choice in children, honour killings, and severe practices of infibulation, clitoridectomy, or excision among the varied, creative means of female genital mutilation based in socio-cultural or religious practices; objectification with popular media violence and sexuality, internet memes and content, fashion culture to some extent, even matters of personal preference such as forced dress or coerced attire, or stereotyping of attitudinal and behavioral stances.

“All I ask of our brethren is that they will take their feet from off our necks and permit us to stand upright on the ground which God intended us to occupy.” Sarah Moore Grimke said.

Everyone owes women.  International obligations and goals dictate straightforward statements such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of the United Nations (UN) in addition to simple provision of first life.  MDG 3, 4, and 5 relate in direct accordance with this proclamation – in an international context mind you.  

MDG 3 states everyone’s obligations, based on agreed upon goals, for promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women. MDG 4 states everyone’s obligations for reduction of infant mortality rate. MDG 5 states everyone’s obligations towards improvement of maternal health.  All MDGs proclaim completion by 2015.  We do not appear to have sufficed in obligations up to the projected deadline of 2015 with respect to all of the MDGs in sum.

In addition to these provisions, we have the conditions set forth in the The International Bill of Rights for Women by The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) of the United Nations Development Fund’s (UNDF) consideration and mandate of the “right of women to be free from discrimination and sets the core principles to protect this right.” 

Where do you project the future of women in the next 5, 10, 25, 100 years, and further?  In general and particular terms such as the trends and the concomitant sub-trends, what about the MDGs and numerous other proclaimed goals to assist women – especially in developing areas of the world?

Rick Rosner: Predicting gender relations beyond a century from now is somewhat easier than predicting the short-term. In the transhuman future, bodily form, including sex, will be changeable. People will take different forms. And when anyone can change sexes with relative ease, there will be less gender bias.

Let’s talk about the transhuman future (100 to 300 years from now) in general, at least as it’s presented in science fiction that doesn’t suck. Three main things are going on:

There’s pervasive networked computing. Everything has a computer in it, the computers all talk to each other, computing costs nothing, data flying everywhere. Structures are constantly being modified by swarms of AI builders. A lot of stuff happens very fast.

Your mind-space isn’t permanently anchored to your body. Consciousness will be mathematically characterized, so it’ll be transferrable, mergeable, generally mess-withable.

People choose their level of involvement in this swirling AI chaos. Most people won’t live at the frenzied pinnacle of tech – it’s too much. There are communities at all different levels of tech.

Also, horrible stuff old and new happens from time to time – bio-terror, nanotech trouble, economic imperialism, religious strife, etc.

For more about this kind of thing, read Charles Stross, Cory Doctorow, David Marusek, or Neal Stephenson.

So, two hundred years from now, gender won’t be much of a limiting factor, except in weird throwback communities. In the meantime, idiots will continue to be idiots, but to a lesser extent the further we go into the future. No one who’s not a retard is standing up for the idea of men being the natural dominators of everything.

If it seems like we’re not making progress towards gender equality, it may be because there’s a huge political/economic/media faction that draws money and power from the more unsavoury old-fashioned values, with its stance that anyone who’s concerned about racism or sexism is naïve and pursuing a hidden agenda to undermine American greatness.

Dumb beliefs that aren’t propped up by doctrine eventually fade away, and believing that men or any elite group is inherently superior is dumb, particularly now and into the future as any purportedly superior inherent abilities become less significant in relation to our augmented selves. Across the world, the best lazy, non-specifically targeted way to reduce gender bias is to open up the flow of information, serious and trivial (however you do that).

In the very short run, maybe the U.S. elects a female President. Doubt this will do that much to advance the cause of women, because Hillary Clinton has already been in the public eye for so long – she’s more a specific person than a representative of an entire gender. Is thinking that dumb? I dunno. I do know that her gender and who she is specifically will be cynically used against her. I hope that if elected, she’s less conciliatory and more willing to call out BS than our current President.

In the U.S., there’s currently some attention being paid to rape. Will the media attention to rape make rapey guys less rapey? I dunno. Will increase attention to rape in India reduce instances there? I dunno. A couple general trends may slowly reduce the overall occurrence of sexual coercion and violence.

One trend is the increased flow of information and the reduction of privacy – cameras everywhere, everybody willing to talk about everything on social media, victims being more willing to report incidents, better understanding of what does and does not constitute consent. The other trend is the decreasing importance of sex.

My baseline is the 70s, when I was hoping to lose my virginity. Sex was a huge deal because everything else sucked – food, TV, no video games, no internet – and people looked good – skinny from jogging and cocaine and food not yet being engineered to be super-irresistible. Today, everybody’s fat, and there’s a lot of other fun stuff to do besides sex.

I think that some forms of sexual misbehaviour – serial adultery, some workplace harassment – will be seen as increasingly old-school as more and more people will take care of their desire for sexual variety via the vast ocean of internet porn.

Of course, sexual misbehaviour isn’t only about sex – it’s also about exercising creepy power or a perverse need to be caught and punished – so, unfortunately, that won’t entirely go away.

During the past century, sexual behaviour has changed drastically – the types of sex that people regularly engage in, sex outside of marriage, tolerance for different sexual orientations, freely available pornography and sexual information, the decline in prostitution – you could say, cheesily, that sex is out of the closet. And sex that’s not secretive or taboo loses some of its power.

But I could be wrong. According to a 2007 study conducted at two U.S. public universities, one fifth of female college students studied suffered some degree of sexual assault.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Atheism, Women’s Rights, and Human Rights with Marie Alena Castle – Q&A Session 2

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): The Good Men Project

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/06/22

Marie Alena Castle is the communications director for Atheists for Human Rights. Raised Roman Catholic she became an atheist later in life. She has since been an important figure within the atheist movement through her involvement with Minnesota Atheists, The Moral Atheist, National Organization of Women, and wrote Culture Wars: The Threat to Your Family and Your Freedom (2013). She has a lifetime of knowledge and activist experience, explored and crystallised in an educational series. She and I discuss the main resistance to the pro-life lobby, protection of abortion access and Sanger’s legacy, prevention of the encroachment on the rights of women from the religious Right, and educational experiences around anti-theist and anti-feminist movements – as a feminist and atheist.

Following is the second half of an interview. The first part of this interview can be found here – Session 1.

Jacobsen: With your four decades of experience in activism for atheism, human rights, and women’s rights, you earlier described the victory for women’s right to vote and pursue careers and for reproductive rights. Who has formed the main resistance to the massive pro-life lobby from Catholic and other Christian religious groups?

Alena Castle: Groups such as NARAL and NOW and Planned Parenthood have been the most publicly visible opponents of the Catholic/Protestant fundamentalist assaults on reproductive health care. However, the most effective has been the political organising within the Democratic party. I was extensively involved in getting the Democratic party platform to support abortion rights and in getting pro-choice candidates endorsed and elected. Having a major political party oppose the Republican party’s misogynistic position was key to holding the line against them.

Jacobsen: In the current battleground over abortion, reproductive health and rights, modern attacks on Margaret Sanger’s character have been launched to indirectly take down abortion activists and clinics, and argue against such rights for women. What can best protect abortion access and Sanger’s legacy and work? 

Alena Castle: The attacks on Sanger amount to “alternative facts” and seriously distorted history. Women’s rights leaders of the past, including Sanger as well as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton are sometimes quoted in opposition to abortion – but their concern was that so many women died from abortions that were either self-induced or done by incompetent quacks or because of the inadequate medical knowledge of the time.

Sanger has been accused of favouring eugenics (birth control to prevent the birth of genetically defective babies). These views have been deliberately misconstrued regarding their intent when in fact they were intended to save women’s lives and help ensure a better life for the babies they gave birth to. Today the anti-abortionists are still making up fake horror stories about foetal development and abortion and its effect on women that are outright lies. Nothing will stop this dishonest distortion of history and the absurd lies but more should be done to assert, often and vigorously, the actual medical facts about abortion and the moral rightness and integrity of Sanger’s and other feminists’ views and of the women who have abortions.

Jacobsen: What would you say has been most effective as a preventive mechanism against the encroachment on the rights of women from the hyper-religious Right, or the religious Right?

Alena Castle: Political activism! That is the only thing that will work. We need to focus on putting a majority of elected officials in office at all levels who support women’s rights and the rights of the nonreligious. You can’t make changes by just talking about them – it takes laws and their enforcement. Only politicians make laws – not NARAL or NOW or atheist organisations or people who march in the streets.

Jacobsen: As an atheist and feminist, what have been the most educational experiences in your personal or professional life as to the objectives of the anti-atheist and anti-feminist movements in North America and, indeed, across the world?

Alena Castle: I have personally experienced the effect of the religious right’s political agenda on my life and on the lives of others. The first funeral I went to was when I was 10 years old. Our lovely 22-year-old neighbour had died of a botched illegal abortion. (At the time, such deaths were listed as “obstruction of the bowels” to save the family’s embarrassment and I only learned several years later what the true cause was). And then there were the funerals of good friends who were gay and died of AIDS while the religious right did everything to hinder medical research for treatment. And almost worse was seeing the total lack of compassion by advocates for that agenda for the harm it causes. Example:

I had a discussion with a very nice, polite woman about a news report of how an 11-year-old girl, somewhat retarded, had been raped by her father, was pregnant, begged for an abortion, and was denied by a court order. Soon after she had the baby, she was back in court on a charge of being an unfit mother. I asked this nice woman if she thought that girl should have been allowed to have an abortion. She said no, that forcing her to continue the pregnancy was the right and moral thing to do. Her religious beliefs had hardened her heart and I told her so.

How do we talk to people with such a warped sense of morality? This woman also believed in personhood from the moment of conception. At that “moment,” her “person” is a microscopic fertilised egg undifferentiated at the cellular level, and no bigger than the period at the end of this sentence. The anti-abortion people put up billboards with a picture of a year-old real baby and a statement that the baby’s heartbeat is detected at a foetal age of a few weeks. They don’t explain that it is then a two-chambered heart at the lizard level of development. (The adorable – always white – baby on the billboard has the fully developed four-chambered heart). Abortion never kills a baby; it just keeps one from forming. The religious right thinks preserving that development outweighs any harm it is causing the women. We have the words of the Pope and the Protestant reformers to thank for this inhumanity. Martin Luther’s associate, Philip Melancthon said, “If a woman weary of bearing children, it matters not. Let her only die from bearing; she is there to do it.” Pope Pius XI said, “However we may pity the mother whose health and even life is imperilled by the performance of her natural duty, there yet remains no sufficient reason for condoning the direct murder of the innocent.”

There is no baby, biologically speaking until the beginning of the third trimester – the rhetoric about innocence skips that convenient fact. After that, it’s a medical emergency affecting the woman, the fetus or both, that requires removal of the fetus. If these anti-abortion hard-hearts have a problem with this, they should go ahead and die from bearing if they find themselves in such a situation, but leave the rest of us alone.

Thank you for your time, Ms. Alena Castle! Your words and experiences are of even greater relevance at this time with women’s lives under attack again. 

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Atheism, Women’s Rights, and Human Rights with Marie Alena Castle – Q&A Session 1

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): The Good Men Project

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/06/17

Marie Alena Castle is the communications director for Atheists for Human Rights.

She was raised Roman Catholic, but became an atheist. She has been important to atheism, Minnesota Atheists, The Moral Atheist, National Organization of Women, and wrote Culture Wars: The Threat to Your Family and Your Freedom (2013). She has a lifetime of knowledge and activist experience, which I wanted to explore and crystallise in an educational series. She and I discuss impediments to progress on women’s rights in the United States, Roe v. Wade, Margaret Sanger, egregious perceptions of atheists in the America, and ways to become part of the activist world.

Scott Jacobsen: You have a lifetime of experience in atheism, women’s rights, and human rights. Of course, you were raised a Catholic, but this changed over the course of life. In fact, you have raised a number of children who became atheists themselves, and have been deeply involved in the issues on the political left around women’s rights and human rights.

To start this series, what has been the major impediment to the progress of women’s rights in the United States over the last 17 years?

Marie Alena Castle: It’s actually at least the last 40 years. In the U.S., control of women is no longer about the right to vote or pursue careers. Those battles have been won. What is left is the religious right’s last stand: women’s right to abortion and the ultimate control over their own bodies. An anti-women legislative agenda began and has been going on ever since the Supreme Court’s 1973 Roe v Wade decision.

Almost immediately, the U.S. Catholic Bishops established a Pastoral Plan for Pro-Life Activities that reached down to every Catholic parish in the country. The bishops recruited Catholic academics, journalists, and political commentators to disseminate “pro-life” propaganda. They drew in Protestant fundamentalists and provided them with leaders such as Jerry Falwell. They organized to get “pro-life” politicians elected at every political level and eventually took over the Republican party.

I was there and watched it happen. We, Democratic feminists, worked almost non-stop to prevent a similar takeover of the Democratic party and, thankfully, were successful. The “pro-life” campaign has never stopped. Over a thousand bills have been, and are, proposed at the state and federal level to restrict women’s access to contraceptives and abortion, as well as advantageous reproductive technologies that don’t conform to irrational religious doctrines.

(Stephen Mumford has documented this in full detail in his book, The Life and Death of NSSM 200, which describes how the Catholic Church prevented any action on a Nixon-era national security memorandum that warned of the dangers of overpopulation and advocated the accessibility of contraceptives and abortion.)

Jacobsen: Who do you consider the most important women’s rights and human rights activist in American history?

Castle: No contest. It’s Margaret Sanger, hands down. Many people have spoken out and worked for women’s rights throughout history, not just American history. But Sanger got us birth control. Without that, women remain slaves to nature’s reproductive mandate and can do little beyond producing and raising children.

This is often claimed to be a noble task. True enough. However, it always reminds me of the biblical story of Moses, who had the noble task of leading his people to the Promised Land, but because of some vague offense against Yahweh, he was condemned to see that Promised Land only from afar and never go there himself.

Women have raised children over the ages and have led them to the Promised Land of scientific achievements, Noble Prize Awards, academic honours, and so many others. But they – and their daughters – have seen that Promised Land only from afar and almost never allowed to go their themselves.

Sanger opened a path to that Promised Land by fighting to make contraceptives legal and available. The ability to control the time and circumstances of one’s childbearing has made the fight for women’s rights achievable in practical – not just philosophical – terms. She founded Planned Parenthood and we see how threatening that has been to the theocratic religious right. They can’t seem to pass – or try to pass –  enough laws to hinder women’s ability to control their own bodies.

As for human rights in general, a good argument can be made that by freeing women – half of the human population – we free up everyone. As Robert Ingersoll said, “There will never be a generation of great men until there has been a generation of free women.”

Jacobsen: What is one of the more egregious public perceptions of atheists by the mainstream of the religious in America?

Castle: It’s that atheists have no moral compass and therefore cannot be trusted to behave in a civilized manner. No one ever comes up with any evidence for that. Most people in prison identify themselves as religious. Studies that rank levels of prejudice for racism, sexism, and homophobia show nonbelievers at the lowest end of the graph – generally below 10% – and evangelicals at the very highest – almost off the chart.

I’ve had religious people tell me it is religious beliefs that keep people, including themselves, from committing violent crimes. I tell them I hope they hang onto their beliefs because otherwise, they would be a threat to public safety. As physicist Steven Weinberg said, “Good people will do good and evil people will do evil, but for good people to do evil, that takes religion.” I have known good and evil atheists and good and evil religionists, but the only time I have seen a good person do evil, it was due to a religious belief.

I have also observed that liberal religionists generally share the same humanitarian values as most atheists, but to have that moral sense they had to abandon traditional religious beliefs.  There is a lot of evil in religious doctrines. The 10 Commandments are almost totally evil. Read them and the descriptions of the penalties that follow. Read the part about what you are to sacrifice to Yahweh – the firstborn of your livestock, your firstborn son… Yup, that’s what it says.

So they include don’t kill, steal or bear false witness. There is nothing new about that. It’s common civic virtue any community needs to function effectively. So religion promises a blissful afterlife. Ever stop to think what that might be like, forever and ever and ever and ever and ever?  People believe that!? I so hope they’re wrong.

Jacobsen: Your life speaks to the convergence of atheism, women’s rights, and human rights activism. How do these, in your own mind, weave into a single activist thread? What is the smallest thing American citizens, and youth, can do to become involved in this fabric?

Castle: We all are what we are. I’m an activist because I can’t help myself. It’s who I am. Others would rather hang by their thumbs than do what I do. They like to get out in the yard and do gardening. You couldn’t pay me enough or threaten me enough to get me to do that. We should just try to be honest and compassionate and cut everyone some slack as long as no one is getting hurt. Live and let live.

We are a fragile species, making the best of our short life spans, stuck here on this hunk of rock circling a ball of flaming gas that could eject a solar flare at any time that wipes us out. Life is, as Shakespeare said, “full of sound and fury, signifying nothing.” Just accept that. It’s reality. Just be decent and helpful and try not to hurt anyone. If that’s the limit of your activism, it’s still pretty good.

If you think it would be great to be able to do more and to be politically active but that is just not in your DNA, then settle for the next best thing: Find a political activist whose views you agree with and vote the way they tell you. That is the smallest thing you can do. If you did not vote in the last election you made yourself part of the problem and you see what we got. From now on, try to be part of the solution.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Superempowered: How We Turned Into A Nation (And A Planet) Of Assholes

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen and Rick Rosner

Publication (Outlet/Website): Huffington Post

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/04/06

Rick: There are a zillion reasons why Americans have elected the biggest bunch of jerks ever to hold national office – gerrymandering, Russian propaganda bots, meddling by the FBI, inept and money-driven news media, imperfect Democratic campaigning, jobs lost to outsourcing and automation, sexism, racism, the intentional dumbing-down of the Republican electorate by conservative think tanks and Fox News, and so on.

But it remains that 63 million voters elected a transparently dishonest and incompetent jackass – a classic asshole according to the definition from UC philosophy professor Aaron James in his book Assholes: A Theory: someone whose “sense of entitlement makes him immune to complaints from other people…The asshole thinks he’s entitled to do things that he’s not entitled to do. He does them defensively, and he’s unwilling to listen to our arguments.”

Why did so many people vote for an asshole? Because people feel empowered. Powerless people band together to protect themselves, their loved ones, and their communities. And in joining together, they embrace fairness, respect, and shared sacrifice. Think of World War II – America’s and its allies’ greatest group effort.

Today’s social forces are very different from those of 75 years ago. We are catered-to – well-fed, entertained, empowered, with the world at our thumbtips. Whenever awake, we consume a feed of deliciously personalized information. We can broadcast our opinions anonymously and without consequence. Being an asshole is about getting stuff and getting away with stuff. Which we do.

The three characteristics of an asshole, from Assholes: A Theory. Weird how assholes can be immunized by their sense of entitlement yet still be anti-vaccination creeps.

Scott:

Technology gives us the world and amplifies human impulses, for good and for ill. We have the same mental hardware as our ancestors 200,000-100,000 years ago. Our unenlightened selfishness, self-deception, and cognitive biases emerge more than ever before. We send bolts of contentious nonsense into the social media thought cloud—storms erupt.

People take offense. The intolerants’ intolerance is reinforced. The disgusted become the intolerant. We all drift down into the muck. Tweets can spark protests and reform or violence and hate.

Yet our non-political lives get better and better. Cell phones, food, Netflix, porno, and video games on demand. New forms of entertainment. AI assistants and navigational aids. We live easy, entertaining, superficial and distracted lives as never before. Few 21st-century North Americans would trade lives with a king or queen in 1679 (well, maybe for a few days). But our limitless desire for comfort and stuff makes life hollow.

Rick:

Superhero movies are the masterworks and crowning myths of our overentitled age. Since 2012, one-quarter of the ten top-grossing films of the year have featured superheroes. They’re fantastically powerful but still all-too-human and spend much of their time and powers trying to fix messes that they themselves made. Superheroes are us – powerful but overly convinced of our competence and rightness and largely unwilling to question our own judgment.

Look at all of these (box office) billionaires. They’re like Trump’s cabinet, but not as gross.

With growing confidence in our individual power and righteousness, we elected our first jerk President. (He beat a candidate whose slogan was Stronger Together. But who wants to sacrifice and compromise to be stronger together when we’re so powerful on our own?) Not all 63 million Trump voters are jerks, but tens of millions are. How do we get them to quit being jerks or at least quit being overrepresented in politics?

Well, the sheer arrogant incompetence of the Trump administration may help. Two months in, his Presidency is shaping up to be the most embarrassing in history. But that’s just short-term. In the medium term – over the next few decades – the technology that now empowers us will eventually kick our asses, as power shifts to the somewhat creepy hybridized humans who establish the most intimate and productive relationships with thought-augmenting devices. And who mostly won’t have been Trump voters.

Scott:

The Era of superempowerment and superentitlement makes us confident in and comfortable with our lazy opinions, encouraging belligerent ignorance and bigotries old and new. Climate change, when life begins, guns, whose lives matter…

It’s sweet not to have to learn anything new, to absorb the right attitudes about everything just by being a solid American. (You know the type – the true patriots with two American flag emojis in their Twitter handles – a breed that must eventually dwindle due to demographics and economics and science and the relentless future.)

Empowerment is good when the empowered are the ignored and the oppressed and less good when they’re the oppressors and backlashers and sellers of mugs for liberal cuck tears.

Empowerment means being able to pick your facts and “fact”-providers from the comfort of your information cocoon. We have (usually ignored) historic declines in crime, murders, and violence along with unjustified killings based on black skin and blue uniforms, and hysteria along both political aisles.

And with the world in what increasingly looks like turmoil and chaos (but really isn’t – thanks, 24-hour news cycle), the only safe spot seems to be within our warm circle of technological empowerment.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Whoever Wins, the Future is Coming (Fast)

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen and Rick Rosner

Publication (Outlet/Website): Huffington Post

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/11/01

Whether we elect Hillary Clinton or Donald Trump, the future will bring most of the following changes in the next hundred years:

RICK:

Artificial intelligence will proliferate. By the year 2100, earth’s AI population could be a trillion. Many people will have AI add-ons or built-ins (like the Borg).

Climate change will get more scary and severe.

Gender roles, sexuality and lifestyles will become more fluid. Social media will extend its tendrils further into our lives and brains.

Entertainment will become more immersive and taboo-busting. Medicine will make our lives longer and healthier. Risk tolerance will decrease as lifespans increase. People will have children later in life (if they have them at all).

Gene-tweaking will become commonplace. Robots will swipe more and more jobs. Average number of hours worked per week will steadily decrease.

The population will continue to increase, perhaps slowing by the end of the century.

Standards of living will continue to rise in much of the world.

Terrorists and lunatics will find old and new ways to attack.

Opinions will slowly become more liberal and science-based (except in places that impose constraints) as the elderly and relatively more ignorant pass away. Personal transportation will shift from an ownership model to an on-demand model (and miles traveled may slowly decrease as telepresence increases).

There will be water shortages. Animal species will continue to go extinct at an alarming rate, though many of their genes will be stored for future resurrection.

The moon and Mars will slowly be colonized. (People will be excited by this only every once in a while, as with the Olympics.) We’ll use more nuclear power.

Food will become more engineered and less unhealthy. We’ll gain some control over our desire to eat junk food.

For the next four or eight years of these changes, I’d prefer to not have a belligerently ignorant scam artist leading the United States. (Agreed – Scott)

And we need a cabinet-level Department of the Future. The disruption caused by new tech will roughly equal the disruption caused by a fighting a world war each decade until the end of the century – we should try to get a handle on it.

SCOTT:

We have to confront the future, whether we want to or not. The future’s not so ominous, just rapid, uncertain, and prodigiously creating new stuff. (This is our version of Dave Chappelle’s, educated guess line.)

AI has shown increasing competence in more and more areas. Google Deepmind is an example. And Go and examining people for macular degeneration and maybe even Starcraft II.

In coming years and decades AI will be embedded in clothing, glasses, contacts, and other intimate interfaces. This also implies eventual direct links to the brain as we begin to map the brain with greater and greater sophistication. There will be huge, sometimes tragic mistakes for some individuals, as with artificial hearts, but will eventually be enormously beneficial.

Climate change is going to kick everyone’s asses, but especially the world’s poor (who are disproportionately women and children). But world population will continue to increase.

However, an increasing number of people in the developed world will choose to be childless.

Instead, they will focus on upgrading themselves and surpassing biological limitations. We see this now with physical augmentation, surgery, and various other cosmetics. This will move into adult genetic tweaking and neurological engineering for the rich at first and much of the population later on.

There will be predictive software to let you know what you want before you know you want it.

It’ll be big, and mostly employed frivolously. This means massive databases, maybe in Utah, that track and catalog everything about you. Your information plus algorithms will be used to sell you music, food, entertainment, gadgets, romantic partners, and so on.

Religion will change more during the 21st century than in all of previous human history.

Supernatural epistemologies will become outmoded, having outlived their utility. Natural epistemologies from science will mimic a global renaissance. This will be seen in the greater importance of this life and less importance of the soul, Sin, Heaven and Hell, even Heck and Limbo. More importance on well-being, health, longevity, social life, risk avoidance, and self-development. Some pure hedonism will emerge from this.

Religions with sci-fi elements such as Scientology and Mormonism may gain minor ground with this new tech. New sci-fi cults will emerge. Some will become detrimental to human well-being but large and rich enough to be accepted as religions.

Old taboos will dissolve or bust, with new taboos emerging frequently. Norms will be more dynamic. It will be confusing, but generally seen as part of a natural widening of acceptance.

This will make us value human life in all its diversity even more than before, while also being a point of conservative political grandstanding. (Rick’s point in other writing.)

Genome scanning will be refined. Genetic and epigenetic pathways will be better understood, making it possible to predict outcomes of gene-tweaking. Both in vitro and adult genetic manipulation will become not uncommon.

There will continue to be mass unemployment from robotics and narrow artificial intelligence.

Some form of basic income will be implemented, which will replace some social safety nets.

Trial programs will likely start in Europe and North America, and then spread to other regions.

Some widespread taboos against laziness based on the Protestant Work Ethic will disappear.

Same with other socio-religious and cultural expectations of citizens, as the result of changing social norms.

One version of what happens when robots do all of our stuff for us – we become even dumber than people on reality shows.

Small armed conflicts will occur more frequently because there are simply more people, but per capita, things will continue to improve faster than at any other time in human history. It’ll be like climate change, warmest year ever (just like last year). It’ll be the best year ever (just like last year).

Biological warfare will emerge, but governments such as the US have prepared for these inevitabilities for decades, so maybe we’ll be able to tap-dance away from bio-Armageddon. Lifespans on average will climb to new heights – oldest year ever (just like last year).

Future medicine could turn us all into Benjamin Button. Hey – why didn’t Benjamin just swap blood with Cate Blanchett every once in a while? Then they could’ve both stayed the same age.

Nutrition will be more precise and medicine will be more individuated. This will be the era of precision medicine and dietary regimens. There will be safe, as now, GMO crops in widespread use, and at the same time resource scarcity because of too many people. This will spark political conflicts and international treaties and improvements in desalination. Like Israel’s awesome system, or Singapore’s. More than 300 million people currently rely on desalinated water. Many more will in the future.

The number of nuclear weapons will decrease, but the risk will remain high.

Extraterrestrials won’t visit Earth. Rather, superterrestrials will emerge on Earth: AIs and modified people. Different communities and enclaves will emerge to accommodate differing levels of acceptance of tech.

Elon Musk will fulfill his dream of travelling to and dying on Mars, but “just not on impact.”

The sci-fi future won’t seem like sci-fi to future people, the same way the present world doesn’t freak us out much but would make people from the 14th century go crazy.

RICK:

I’ve been dawdling over this piece, while obsessing over Trump. But with two weeks to go until Election Day, Trump apparently has less than a ten percent chance of winning. So, what future developments should we be getting ready to worry about if we’re fortunate enough to defeat The Donald? (Now it’s one week to go, and Trump’s chances have increased. But still – eff that bloated old monster.)

Death. Sucks that most of us were born about 20 years too soon for immortality (even though such immortality will be a weird, kinda depressing combination of plumped-up old flesh, bio-robotic parts, and replicated consciousness in some kind of social media cloud. (See the excellent “San Junipero” episode of Black Mirror on Netflix, and not just for the awesome 80s music.)

Mass death. The 20th century featured death on a grand scale via a flu epidemic, wars, genocide and political purges. We don’t yet know how the 21st century will kill millions of us at once, but it’s not unlikely.

Climate change. It’s here, even if you’re a frickin moron denier evolution-disbeliever who thinks Trump is gonna win. Have fun being dumb all your life.

Empowered idiots. The Republican Party, the news cycle, and new media have given a sense of legitimacy to aggressive, horrible schmuckfaces. They’re not going away after Trump loses. They’ll be watching Trump TV and believing the endless crap he shovels at them.

Continuing broken government. It’ll take a few election cycles to squeeze most of the obstructionist a-holes out of government, even if we’re very lucky.

The robot economy. Tech will continue to suck up work once done by people. We’ll have to adjust to it without turning into Idiocracy.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Good Cop, Bad Cop on Teaching Evolution

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen and Rick Rosner

Publication (Outlet/Website): Huffington Post

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/09/07

SCOTT:

Let’s set the groundwork:

Evolution is descent with modification in biology. From the small-scale evolution seen in the differential gene frequency within a single population to large scale changes among different species over time, evolution explains the diversity of life. Everything shares a common ancestor.

We are all distant cousins, including bacteria, butterflies, cats, chimpanzees, dogs, dolphins, gorillas, sheep, spiders, and willow trees. Evolution explains adaptation, development, and speciation using biological and demographic mechanisms and evidence from the natural world.

The evolutionary tree of life. Don’t try to understand this if you’re from a red state.

Creationism is literal interpretation of scripture. According to the literal interpretation of the Bible’s Book of Genesis, all species were all created at approximately the same time by a loving, benevolent, omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient, perfectly just, and self-existent Creator.

Creationism uses religious narratives to interpret evidence from the natural world. 

Obviously, these perspectives differ. The vast majority of biologists and other scientists consider evolution rather than creationism to be correct.

RICK:

Evolution makes sense and fits the evidence. But, even though the theory as laid out by Darwin in On the Origin of Species is 157 years old, less than 60% of Americans believe in evolution. We have large pockets of what might be called obstinate stupidity. (It’s not as simple as that, but I’m under no obligation to characterize it as otherwise.)

Darwin’s evolution isn’t perfect. No theory is. Einstein modified Newton and will be modified himself. Darwin didn’t know about genetics and wasn’t aware of punctuated equilibrium, where species stay stable for long stretches of time and change fairly rapidly under certain conditions.

But modifications to evolution generally strengthen it rather than wrecking it.

So what do we do about evolution deniers (and deniers of other well-established areas of science)? We can:

Offer them the facts

Realize they’re dumb or lying. Just being on TV or in Congress doesn’t make someone smart or truthful.

Ridicule them – point out dumbness. On 24-hour TV news, every viewpoint needs an opposing viewpoint, even when the opposing viewpoint is false, cynical, and/or stupid. Calling out dumb stances is a good thing, even if it’s bad manners.

Ignore them

Let them get old and pass away. Like the rest of us, people with dumb beliefs get old and die. Though they might pass away at a higher rate because of ignorance and unhealthy lifestyles. Which is sad (slightly less sad if they’re a-holes).

Realize that many non-believers in well-established science have hollowed-out and inconsistent systems of belief. What they say they believe or don’t believe doesn’t match their actual doubts.

We all contain multitudes, including anti-science jerks. Not everyone with dumb beliefs is beyond reach.

Work to reduce the influence idiots have on our lives. Shame people for voting for schmucks and for putting schmucky spokespeople on TV.

SCOTT:

Our communities, schools, friends, parents and guardians of children, and the media can contribute to proper education about evolution. Together, we all can do this, Americans and Canadians. The deceptive apparent simplicity of evolution facilitates communication and misunderstanding at the same time.  Evolution is an essential part of biology and medicine, which are essential parts of our economy. Advanced societies can’t be science deniers.

Theodosius Dobzhansky wrote an essay entitled Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution (1973). The title sums up the mainstream position of almost all biologists.

Even so, according to an Angus Reid Poll, only 6/10 Canadians and 3/10 Americans believe “human beings evolved from less advanced life forms over millions of years.” “God created human beings in their present form within the last 10,000 years” is believed by 5/10 Americans and 2/10 Canadians. Unbelief in evolution could be due to sloppy media coverage, poor education, creationist parents and religious leaders, or the relative newness of On the Origin of Species (1859).  

Parallel solutions exist for the understanding of evolution by the religious and the irreligious in a respectful and positive light. For the religious, the Bible and other religious texts can be read with appreciation for metaphor along with comprehension of science for a deeper theological understanding. For the irreligious, organisms can be seen as developing without spiritual forces but rather, from natural processes, without denigrating religious people.

RICK:

With regard to science-deniers, we pretty much know what’s gonna happen. The future will arrive and kick all of our asses. Ignorant people’s asses will get kicked slightly harder. Most of us will die as people always have. Some of us will ride advanced technology indefinitely into the future and be crazily transformed, along with the rest of the world.

Those who come after us will think of us, when they think of us at all, as sad, primitive prisoners of ignorance and biological limitations – of our own evolved nature. Our descendants will take charge of their own evolution and transcend us in awesome and, to us, soul-crushing ways. As the future unfolds, there will always be room for some religion and spirituality. But legit, enduring spirituality won’t deny fact. Our era’s deniers of fact will be remembered (vaguely) as minor villains.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Good Cop, Bad Cop on Climate Change

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen and Rick Rosner

Publication (Outlet/Website): Huffington Post

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/08/12

SCOTT:  Climate change is an increasingly urgent problem. However, moderate social change can go a long way towards addressing it. For a sustainable future, we should incentivize positive social change. We’re already witnessing the degradation of the environment. No one person or nation is to blame, but climate change is here. We have to work to solve it, now.

We can’t duck responsibility, throwing caution to the wind. We’re big-brained primates and global citizens. Let’s act the part. We can’t ignore global warming – facts don’t care about political squabbling and gridlock. Climate change is about a threat to human survival. To have quality of life, you can’t be dead.

In many parts of the world, politics and policy are coming into agreement with the overwhelming scientific evidence for global warming. The necessity for dealing with climate change is recognized by 190+ countries under the Paris Agreement to mitigate greenhouse gases.

Climate change is also recognized as an important threat by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate (IPCC), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Does your individual denial of the facts outweigh these experts? Not just individual experts, but big international swarms of experts.

America and Canada need to get their houses in order, and fast.  The more quickly we get on it, then the more coastal indigenous peoples and coastal metropolises can be saved. It’s not hard.  It’s just long-term thinking. So, what can we do?

You can network together with other people, can join organizations, sign petitions, work towards sustainability in your own community, and volunteer time with sustainability initiatives.

You can donate money to scientific organizations, to non-profits devoted to sustainability, and to companies revolutionizing nuclear and solar power.

You can learn more about the pressing scientific topics of the day. You can talk about it with friends and family and write about it, even talk about it (!). If you have some knowledge, or someone else knows something that you don’t, then either educate them if they’re open or admit ignorance to their expertise and be curious and learn something. That’s the start of a conversation.

You can try to invent something yourself if you have any relevant skills, abilities, knowledge, or talent. You can become a scientist, train in the relevant fields, contribute to it, and invent products that help the environment.

You can have fewer kids and invest in them more. People are both resources and resource-intensive – act accordingly. You can support the empowerment of women. Women are more likely to invest in family and community. That benefits all of society.

We have to be active in combating climate change. It’s urgent, long-term, and unignorable.

RICK:  Most of this kumbaya stuff, we’re not gonna do. People are assholes. You may remember what happened in the late 70s – we had gas crises. Oil prices skyrocketed. Endless lines at gas stations. President Carter urged us to conserve energy. He wore a sweater to show us he was saving energy on heating the White House. So we fired him and elected Reagan. Gas prices dropped, and we started driving enormous SUVs.

Can’t wear a sweater and be President – reminds people of Mister Rogers. 

Climate change will eventually get fixed, but by market forces and science fictiony technical change, not by humanity suddenly becoming ultra-conscientious. Here’s how it’ll go:

Climate change will keep getting worse – more drought, more severe storms, rising temperatures and sea levels, seasons shifting, oceans acidifying, many animal species and residents of coastal cities getting effed-over. Some jerks and idiots will continue to deny that it’s happening or will argue that it’s a good thing. Eventually these people will get old and die. Good.

Millions of climate change refugees will add to the world’s misery and tension. (My town, LA, may become unlivable – the current drought has lasted five years. Fancy entertainment industry types might not tolerate living in a hot-ass desert. Over the next 40 years, the industry may migrate to Silicon Valley or Vancouver.)

Vehicles will become more efficient. There will be more telecommuting. At some point, air travel will be taxed to reflect its huge carbon footprint. But the world population will continue to grow beyond 10 and 12 billion, and developing countries will continue to spew shmutz. The rate of CO2 being pumped into the air will eventually level off and drop, but the damage will have been done.

We’ll be looking at hundreds of years to undo the damage. Various fixes will be tried, such as shooting stuff into the atmosphere to reflect more light away from earth. Some of the fixes will reduce some of the problems, often while creating other problems. Tech will reduce the recovery time of many centuries to less than 200 years. Meanwhile, thousands of species on land and in the oceans will become extinct. Hundreds of towns and cities will be abandoned or diked.

However, beginning about 80 years from now and really starting to catch on in the middle of the next century, we’ll have transferrable consciousness. We’ll figure out how to digitize people’s brains, and more and more people will spend more and more time living virtually. And medicine will become able to extend our lives indefinitely (if you live in the right country), so people will put off having kids until later and later in their lives, if at all. The world population will begin to drop (though the number of minds in the world will expand fantastically) along with population pressure on the environment.

So, sometime in the 2200s, most effects of climate change will be alleviated or reduced to secondary concerns as the earth is completely reshaped by the fantastic tech of the digital consciousness revolution. Extinct species will be resurrected. The entire planetary surface will be precisely monitored, with much of it engineered to display a pristine fake naturalness. Earth will be Disneyfied. It won’t be utopia, but it’ll be something the weird mega-brain a-holes of the future can live with.

SCOTT:  Major developed nations are in general the greatest per capita polluters. In a way, this implies more responsibility per average citizen. America and Canada continue to be great nations, capable of great grassroots leadership in fighting climate change. [Note: Scott is Canadian.]

Don’t be selfish and dumb. You can make the sacrifice of five-minute showers instead of 20-minute showers. Use less water, use less energy heating water, get solar panels on your roof, use more energy-efficient technology, and don’t consume piggishly. Compared to every other century in history, the 21st century offers so much great stuff. We can make some environmentally responsible concessions and still lead awesome lives.

RICK:  Maybe we can make some concessions, but I tend to believe that even the most conscientious, granola-ish hipster sustainable fiber-wearing American leaves a huge carbon footprint. And BTW – Prius drivers stink. “Ooh, I’m saying the world, so I can drive like a jackass.”

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Government Won’t Save Us, But Dumb Government Could Eff Us Up

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen and Rick Rosner

Publication (Outlet/Website): Huffington Post

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/08/08

Imagine the year 2040 in all its weirdness. You’ll be old or oldish but will look and feel pretty good because medicine will be amazeballs. You’ll be way more plugged into social media and streaming sensory input through wearable information feeds. You’ll never be more than two feet away from something that’s chipped or roboticized. Daily life will be a battle between the familiarly human and the inexorable incursion of science fiction. And 2040 is only six Presidential elections away.

The major changes in our lives will come from market-driven technology, not politics. It’s already that way. Politics didn’t give us smart phones and Instagram. Government didn’t force us into our device-centered lives – the irresistibility of an endless flow of entertainment and personalized information did. Technology will save us or will at least compel us to join the next stages of civilization.

No government on earth will do a great job of coping with the tech explosion over the next 20, 50, and 100 years. But non-stupid governments will do better. Government that gets hung up on trans people in bathrooms will fail at making reasonable and timely decisions about AI.

Thanks to gerrymandering, we currently have an excess of dumbness in government. Gerrymandered districts which safely belong to one party send creeps and idiots to Washington to intentionally obstruct and break government.

Gerrymandering: Creating weirdly shaped Congressional Districts to screw over your rival party

Stupid, fanatical voices are overrepresented. Anti-science, anti-change, anti-reason viewpoints have too much power – power exercised by voters who have been encouraged by cynical leaders to think that belligerent ignorance is patriotic common sense. (See the Dunning-Kruger Effect, where dumb people tend to be too dumb to realize they’re dumb.)

Of course there are issues besides dumbness in this election – jobs, wages, education, racism, sexism, polarization, terrorism, social change, medical coverage, the environment. And for many of these issues, no political party has adequate solutions, though no politician will admit it.

Politics can’t solve the problem of jobs lost to automation. Effective medical care would still be fairly expensive even if our greed-encouraging payment systems were somehow fixed. Some of these problems will never be solved – they’ll just be replaced by the problems of the future (just as the problem of too much poop on city streets went away when cars replaced horses).

But we need a functioning government, politicians who aren’t saps, and political dialogue that consists of non-stupid arguments about non-stupid issues. Otherwise, we’ll fall behind in the tech explosion, and you can’t catch up with an explosion – you can only ride it. China and India have a combined population eight times that of the United States. They have their own dysfunctions, but they have much more human capital – hardworking, smart people – with which to overcome them. We can’t be a nation of dopes and keep up.

We cannot elect a bombastic yahoo President who will empower the forces of dumbness. For our own citizens and to continue to attract the best brains from around the world, America must continue to be a shining beacon of awesomeness and among the most promising places for the future to unfold.

Despite our current political crapshow, the US still leads the world in technology. Here’s what we need for the US to continue to lead in tech:

Education: Colleges that continue to have a strong international reputation. Public schools that haven’t been ravaged by backwards state legislatures.

Quality of life – coolness, social mobility, safety, rule of law: America is where big, showy dreams come true. It’s the best country in which to be rich and famous – you might get to make out with a member of Kylie Jenner’s posse. But the fun is dampened if we have to worry about poisoned water or shooty folks or a Hate-Enabler-in-Chief.

Tolerance for change: Sooner or later, it’ll all happen – robot girlfriends and boyfriends, downloadable consciousness, genetically engineered PermaPuppies. Some parts of the world will wall themselves off from the future. Those places will suck worse than places that are reconciled to change.

Not being a clown show: We need to be pro-science and pro-smartness. Calling dumb spokespeople and dumb, contrary-to-fact ideas stupid shouldn’t be taboo. (For instance, Jeffrey Lord = moron.)

Not being (seen as) evil: In and after World War Two, the US was seen as heroic. We thought of ourselves as heroic. But WW2 was an unusually clear instance of good versus evil and was more than 70 years ago. We have to make some effort to look like we’re living up to American Part of that effort can include not electing a mega-jerk President.

With Hillary, we at least get something that acts like government. It won’t solve everyone’s problems, but it will at least function, allowing America to continue to be a place in which tech can flourish. And a Democratic President will nominate Supreme Court Justices who may help clean up gerrymandering.

We need some reasonable amount of government. For every American alive in 1789, the US now has more than 100 people. We have $37 trillion worth of infrastructure, more than $100,000 per person, but spending on infrastructure has plummeted (because of dumbness-based political gridlock). 

The future is coming. We can’t hide from it under a triple comb-over.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Sikivu Hutchinson: an unapologetically black, feminist and heretical humanist – a review

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Humanists International

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2020/06/08

Secretary-General of Young Humanists International Scott Jacobsen reviews Dr. Sikivu Hutchinson’s new book Humanists in the Hood: Unapologetically Black, Feminist, and Heretical.

What a time to be alive watching the United States of America have NASA and SpaceX (of Elon Musk) jointly launch the first astronauts to the International Space Station since 2011, where some of the largest protests in American history for women’s rights and protection of civilian people of colour’s lives in recent years happen and then followed by massive and nation-wide protests over the murder of George Floyd and others, and all the while over 40,000,000 Americans are unemployed, and more than 100,000 are dead from the coronavirus, an interesting dichotomy marking much of the thematic interplays of American history harkening back to the first Black president sketch of the late Richard Pryor, “I feel it’s time Black people went to space. White people have been going to space for years, and spacing out on us, as you might say.” [Emphasis added.]

Dr. Sikivu Hutchinson is a brilliant writer and a decent human being, who writes articulately with moral force while working in and supporting underserved communities in which she lives in South Los Angeles. 

Hutchinson is a black woman sexual violence survivor (as a girl at the time) and a parent of a non-binary child, granddaughter of Earl Hutchinson Sr., and daughter of Yvonne Divans Hutchinson and Earl Ofari Hutchinson. She earned a Ph.D. in Performance Studies in 1999 from New York University.

She founded the Women’s Leadership Project (WLP) as “a feminist service learning program designed to educate and train young middle and high school age women in South Los Angeles to take ownership of their school-communities.” Also, she founded Black Skeptics Los Angeles (BSLA), which became part of the 501(c)3 organization Black Skeptics Group (BSG – founded in 2010) in 2012. She is a co-founder of the Women of Colour Beyond Belief Conference with Bridgett “Bria” Crutchfield (Minority Atheists of MIDetroit affiliate of Black Nonbelievers, and Operation Water For Flint) and Mandisa Thomas (Black Nonbelievers), which featured speakers as wide-ranging as Liz RossCandace GorhamDeanna AdamsCecilia PaganIngrid MitchellLilandra RaMarquita TuckerMashariki Lawson-CookRajani GudlavalettiSonjiah Davis, and Sadia Hameed.

Her work and speaking have crossed paths with several prominent African American and Black freethinkers, including Desiree Kane, Anthony Pinn, Bobby Joe Champion, Sikivu Hutchinson, Andrea Jenkins, Charone Pagett, Diane Burkholder, Juhem Navarro-Rivera, Heina Dadabhoy, Sincere Kirabo, Candace Gorham, Liz Ross, and many others. Her previous works include Imagining Transit: Race, Gender, and Transportation Politics in Los Angeles (Travel Writing Across the Disciplines) (2003), Moral Combat: Black Atheists, Gender Politics, and the Values Wars (2011), Godless Americana: Race and Religious Rebels (2013), and White Nights, Black Paradise (2015). As well, she released a short film on White Nights, Black Paradise in 2016, which was made into a stage production in 2018.

As seems implicit in the works, any social, economic, and political progress for the godless will come in ethical form, as immoral acts in attempts to force or coerce an overarching ethical movement will provide ammunition for demagogues who wish to – so to speak – crush a neck with a knee or silence citizens who wish to protest by taking a knee. In short, she reads not only what comes in the academic volumes in intellectual interests for her, but she acts as a positive humanist agent in South Los Angeles, in particular, and America, in general, with a number of initiatives, including the First in the Family Humanist scholarship. Both personal attributes of intellectual rigour and community work come together in the written works for her. Humanists in the Hood becomes another manifestation of the universalist ink of Hutchinson.

In many ways, Hutchinson stands intellectually alone, as happens with many Black humanists in the global diaspora of Humanism. This is not to deny or neglect the reality of organizational and media buttresses, at times, for, or by, Black humanists. Certainly, supports have begun to grow, in part. However, in the cases of supports developed externally to the Black humanist community, how much sentiment is not overweening, affected, and simply nakedly fake? A woman in interviews having to define for the public even the meaning of atheism or agnosticism, as when on the “On The 7 With Dr. Sean” show. Chavonne Taylor and Hutchinson spent a not-insignificant amount of time on the basic definitions of agnosticism and atheism followed by further clarification. If you’re wondering, this was aired in 2020. However, there exists a history of writings with, for example, A. Philip Randolph who sponsored an essay contest entitled “Is Christianity a Menace to the Negro?” Naturally, Hutchinson loved the title. 

Our first interaction occurred on December 20, 2016 with the publication of “Interview with Sikivu Hutchinson – Feminist, Humanist, Novelist, Author“ in Conatus News. Someone with identities disliked by racists as a Black or an African American citizen of the United States of America, by misogynists for feminist writings, women’s leadership organizational work, and lived egalitarian values, and by religious fundamentalists for rejections of supernatural claims of sacred texts and disbelief in the authority of purported holy figures, i.e., as a humanist or, naturally, a ‘heretic.’ Hence, the reason for the full title of Humanists in the Hood: Unapologetically Black, Feminist, and Heretical (2020). To add icing to the cake, Hutchinson advocates for socialist economic policy, which, in the United States, is heard as or translated by the culture into “antidemocratic” or “communistic,” as she notes.

The “Humanists” in the main title comes from fundamental humanist values lived out in ‘hoods’ in South L.A. while engraved with the flavors, the sounds, the emotions, and the patois, and the pains and the tragedies and the triumphs as humanists in hoods. Also, “Hood” comes from lived experience for Hutchinson. She grew up at the tail-end of COINTELPRO (COunter INTELligence PROgram) in which a program of the Federal Bureau of Investigation was destroying or decimating African American communities and political organizations. Hutchinson understands the contexts of state violence and its organized manifestations. One of her earliest moments of political protest was in hearing about the murder of Eulia Love/Eulia Mae Love/Eula Love by two LAPD officers in her own residence in 1979.

It was a first moment, even as a child for Hutchinson, of the issues around “use of force” by police. Or the Darrel Gates argument of African Americans responding differently to chokeholds. Similar forms of violence and subsequent political and social protests seen with the case of George Floyd and others to this day, where protests have been breaking out in Boston, New York City, Atlanta, Los Angeles, Chicago, D.C., Minneapolis/St. Paul, Louisville, Dallas, Sacramento, Bakersfield, and San Jose, and probably elsewhere. Both come to a context in which home is neither “safe space” nor “private sanctuary.” A deep history where African American bodies are not theirs except in service to White slaveholders with Black women in America as sub-human and not really women. These cultural bigotries rooted in a proper definition of White supremacy, as domination of Black bodies and lives.

Certainly, progress has been made, but legacies live into the present with African American, Native American, Latin American, Asian American, and working class European American women getting the shit end of the shorter stick more often. Even with prominent African American figures such as Steve Harvey, Hutchinson was correct in identifying the core issue in the blanket statements by Harvey making the argument of the amorality of African Americans who become atheists and the treasonous relation to the ‘race’ when non-religious. In other words, if you leave religion while Black, you have become a traitor to the ethnicity and lack morals, especially condemnable and criminal to community for Black women who leave communal faith.

The text covers some of these contexts, but the book represents a larger intellectual environment for Hutchinson. Don’t take this second-hand from a young Canadian humanist, the reviews on the book represent similar sentiments and thoughts, and praise, of the book. Bridgette Crutchfield of Black Nonbelievers of Detroit said, “Humanists in the Hood is an acute reminder of the struggle we as Black women have and still experience. It has documented in one place, our travels and travails.” Crutchfield makes the concise and insightful point of the amnesiac nature of American memory of the crimes of old wreaking havoc on the lives of the present generations and planting seeds of potential disproportionate despair for the generations who come after us. Humanists can act in such a manner so as to provide a space to air grievances for compassionate understanding, strategize on solutions, organize relevant resources, and mobilize for the better chances of the next generations.

Humanists in the Hood is a must read for everyone, but especially anyone who considers themselves progressive and supportive of marginalized people,” Mandisa Thomas, Founder and President, Black Nonbelievers, Inc., stated, “With her in-depth analysis, Sikivu has issued yet another challenge — to take a long, hard look historically, institutionally, and, most important, internally, into the often complex world of feminism and how humanist/secular values have and must continue to inform our fight for equality.” Thomas is right. The book represents a fundamental challenge to the humanist community in America, at least, on its various constituencies and the differentiated needs of them, which seems like a good thing because a humanist message is a universalistic message. One in which fundamental principles yield an infinite while bounded variety of potential tools for covering the needs of humanist communities in South L.A., in America, and throughout the humanist diaspora.

“The time is now for Humanists in the Hood. With compassionate, razor-sharp clarity, Sikivu Hutchinson provides a courageously bold Black, feminist, and atheist road map to liberating ourselves, our communities, and U.S. society.” Producer/Director of NO! The Rape Documentary, Aishash Shahidah Simmons, said, “She invites and challenges readers to step outside of comfort zones to consider different possibilities in response to the oppressive systems that silence and annihilate all of us on the margins. Hutchinson’s words are a clarion call for radical, tangible actions for these perilous times.”

The purpose of the book is to provide a challenge to the mainstream humanist community and to provide a “road map” for the construction of institutions devoted to the specified concerns mentioned earlier within the philosophical framework of Humanism. A “razor-sharp clarity” did not happen in a vacuum. Pressure makes diamonds. Why isn’t Hutchinson more prominent and well-known than now? Although, she has been gaining a loyal following and readership. As we know, diamonds take time to find, and tend to remain buried for a long time. Humanists in the Hood divides into five main sections in alignment with Simmons’ aforementioned “atheist road map” with “Introduction: The Stone Cold Here and Now,” “Unapologetically Black, Feminist, and Humanist,” “Culturally Relevant Humanism and Economic Justice,” “The Black Humanist Heathen Gaze,” and “Gen Secular and People and Colour.”

In the introduction or “Introduction: The Stone Cold Here and Now,” she opens with a quote from Alice Walker, who said, “In my own work, I write not only what I want to read – understanding fully and indelibly that if I don’t do it, no one else is so vitally interested, or capable of doing it to my satisfaction – I will write all the things I should have been able to read.” Walker’s statement acts as a coda or thematic ground zero for the entirety of the text because, as per the Eulia Love example, Hutchinson lacked the language, the concepts, and the crystallized imagery, not the experience, to describe the happenings of the world as a child or adolescent. Even though, she sensed something was wrong in early years.

Not only for more unheard voices with Black women victims of violence, Hutchinson covers the LGBTQI community in the context of the United States. As the United Nations founded its LGBTI Core Group, an extension of the similar stream of rights activism and thought comes in the initialism ​“LGBTQI​”​ to make “Queer” as an identity more explicit. Hutchinson takes a difficult stance in America and in community. A life and worldview brewed in early “dreary religion classes run by sanctimonious white male teachers” full of “moral hypocrisies” and a sacred text full of “violent woman-hating language.”

The books Hutchinson deserved to read did not exist, by and large, and the only text considered central to community came in the form of ancient mythological collections of sacred texts entitled The Bible. One gathers the sense of a lifelong individual struggle against structures and persons in American society searching for one’s story to be told articulately, honestly, and forthrightly without filter. Out of this, a feeling of the tragic dignity of the work of Hutchinson can set over the reader.

Somebody articulating a clearly wider or more inclusive humanist vision dealing with the problems of the everyday against seemingly overwhelmingly odds with the vitriol from the Black church and the dismissal by the largely White movement atheism of American culture. Professor Anthony Pinn made an important point with the descriptive phrase “people of colour” assuming the otherness of black people, etc., compared to White people with the more appropriate change into “people of a despised colour,” as both inclusive of every person as coloured in some manner and the relative struggles in the burden of greater negative stereotypes.

While, at the same time, the Black church can be a place of refuge and civil rights organizing in one generation. It can become a place of limitations, ostracization, and control and domination and illegitimate hierarchy. However, illegitimate hierarchies prop men to the heights of dizzying unquestioned authority in African American church communities with the expected negative effects on communities, especially with the burdens placed on women of colour in those church communities.

“For years, the rap on feminism among most Black folks was that it was a White woman’s thing. White feminists, from first-wave nineteenth-century White suffragists, to second-wave stalwarts in the postwar ‘feminine mystique’ era, routinely ignored, erased, and misrepresented Black women’s experiences and social history,” Hutchinson wrote, “While white women at the height of the so-called Baby Boom decried their ‘enslavement’ to patriarchy, domesticity, and motherhood in Ozzie and Harriet-style homes, Black women were mopping their floors, washing their laundry, and wiping the butts of their children.”

This is the language of history and the life of the everyday. This is the rooted Black Humanism articulated throughout the text by Hutchinson. Right into the present, the political consciousness of the nation becomes infused with the narrative of god-talk and religion with Senator Kamala Harris during the 2020 presidential race stipulating a “faith in god,” so as to secure proper status as a Black and god-fearing American politician. Without such an endorsement, Harris’ career would have been exploded by a cross-shaped torpedo in the United States political scene. Hutchinson notes Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony were mentored by Ernestine Rose. Rose is one who said religions have been built on the backs of women. Hutchinson covers the splits or historical divides between White feminists and Black feminists in America. For example, the Fifteenth Amendment permitting Black men the equality in voting rights or the right to vote. Some White feminists saw this as a hindrance to women’s rights. As has been said before, rights aren’t a pie.

She contrasts the educated middle-class White feminism with the backbreaking working-class feminism of the lives of Black women. Hutchinson delves into or references the Combahee River Collective, Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, Michele Wallace, Brittney Cooper, Anna Julia Cooper, Fannie Barrier Williams, Ida B. Wells, Mary Church Terrell, Angela Davis, bell hooks (Gloria Jean Watkins), Patricia Hill Collins, Barbara Christian, and, of course, Alice Walker. She remarked on an interview conducted with Thandisizwe Chimurenga, where Chimurenga noted that class differences are a source of a lot of separation between feminisms. This continues right into the current political context of the Trump Administration and the Republicans.

The median wealth rates of White families, Latino families, and Black families in the United States are $147,000, $6,600, and $3,600, respectively. The unemployment rate of Black college graduates under the age of 25 is 15.4% and for White college graduates is 7.9%. There can be a visceral fear around the academic term “White supremacy,” as this seems to imply Euro-Americans with tiki torches and white hoods walking menacingly in lockstep in the dark of night. In the history of America, this has been a physically violent and ideological extreme manifestation of it. Then there are generally applicable principles behind the use of the term in wealth and employment rates, as above. At an intersection with this comes the era of Covid-19 emergent from SARS-CoV-2, these manifestations become worse. In these conditions, one can see the socialist economic orientation of Hutchinson.

Hutchinson describes the Trumpian-Republican backlash against the rights of women while noting African Americans as the most religious population in the United States. Noting how, even though, Ariana Grande and Beyoncé may identify as feminists, most young women struggle with such a label. She provides an alternative to the common notions of feminism. “I argue that Black feminist humanism is a vibrant alternative to the woo-woo spiritualism, Jesus fetishism, and goddess worship that characterizes progressive feminist belief systems that revolve around theism,” Hutchinson writes, “…the stakes for a secularist, feminist, queer, pro-social Justice, and anti-capitalist ethos of American values are perhaps greater than ever before.”

In Chapter 1 or “Unapologetically Black, Feminist, and Humanist,” Hutchinson opens, “In 2010, a seven-year-old African American girl named Aiyana Jones was murdered in her sleep by the Detroit police during a military-style raid on her home. In the wake of the shooting, neighbours and loved ones placed stuffed animals in front of the house in memoriam. Rows of stuffed animals stated out from Associated Press photographs of the executions scene in dark-eyed innocence, grieving the barbaric theft of her life and light.”

She reflects on the recency of the murder of Aiyana after her (Hutchinson’s) attendance at the African Americans for Humanism conference. A point of reflection on the separation between mostly European descent or White-dominated movement atheism without much of a voice or place for African descent or Black atheists. Hutchinson brings forth the towering work of Professor Anthony Pinn, the good Methodist who became a better atheist, to argue the indices behind science and reason as taught in the classroom can be (and are) shaped by cultural conditions and subjective categories with the European American or White American students having histories and cultural traditions affirmed throughout the classroom. She uses W.E.B. DuBois’ phrase “wages of whiteness” in this context.

Hutchinson references the execution of Michael Brown, the Youth Justice Coalition, Dignity and Power Now (of Patrisse Cullors Khan), and Black Lives Matter, and Tarana Burke’s #MeToo movement as part of various points of contact for social commentary on systemic inequities manifested in livelihood outcomes in American society. Views rooted in a history of slave-era racism and sexism where Black women are “‘unrapeable,’ hypersexual Jezebels” based on the “ideal of pure, virginal, chaste ‘Christian’ white womanhood.” She highlights the lack of people of colour in the leadership positions of leading secular organizations including the American Humanist Association, Center for Inquiry, Foundation Beyond Belief, and the Secular Student Alliance. She highlights the work of Candace Gorham and Karen Garst bringing forth a more pluralized image of people of colour in the secular movements.

There is reflection on the content of the Huffington Post piece entitled “Ten Fierce Atheists: Unapologetically Black Women Beyond Belief” and the legislation of Michigan Congresswoman Ayanna Presley to “end the punitive pushout of girls of color from schools and disrupt the school-to-confinement pathway.” Hutchinson describes how this builds on the work of Monique Morris, author of Pushout. She touches on the sexual violence as portrayed in Surviving R. Kelly, and the helpful text of Iris Jacobs in My Sisters’ Voices in the mentoring of young Black girls. Here, she pivots into her Women’s Leadership Project, and the Black Feminist and Feminist of Color conferences.

Hutchinson remarks on Audre Lorde’s observation of Black women’s self-care as something political because Black women rarely have such an opportunity based on the stressors and communal demands upon them. Michele Wallace and the ‘blasting’ of​ the​ 1965 ​“Moynihan Report​”​ are part and parcel of critiques set forth here. As Hutchinson continually frames, Black women in America find deaf ears in the White-dominated secular communities and absolute rejection & condemnation, if non-religious, in the Black church community. Thus, Euro-centric individualist Humanism is important, but not does land well with the collective boot on Black women as a category. Principles of solidarity become more dominant rather than the abstracted sovereign individual, how ever important in environments in which other fundamental needs and challenges have been mostly overcome.

It hits the Supreme Court too. Hutchinson describes how the consequential case of Anita Hill gave significance to awareness of sexual violence against Black women in particular and women in general; whereas, at the same time, the exposure of abusers like Roger Ailes and Harvey Weinstein brought forth White women’s voices who deserved to be heard, but were heard without a historical context of earlier prominent cases like Anita Hill. Even in the secular communities, “…American Atheists(AA), the largest nonbeliever advocacy organization in the nation. After former president David Silverman was terminated in April 2018 following sexual assault allegations, the organization had a signal opportunity to make a bold chance in leadership by hiring Mandisa Thomas,” Hutchinson states, “Thomas, who has a solid record of secular organizing, outreach, and management across intersectional communities, would have been the AA’s first woman of color executive and the only Black woman to head a mainstream secular organization. Instead, AA opted for a white male insider…”

Hutchinson highlights some of the work by Amy Davis Roth of SkepChick in 2014 to highlight atheist women who have been stalked and harassed, which effectuated some change. However, the “thrall” with global figures – Richard Dawkins, Lawrence Krauss, Sam Harris, and Michael Shermer – of the mainstream secular communities will need reduction for more space and voice for secular Black women and women of colour.

In Chapter 2 or “Culturally Relevant Humanism and Economic Justice,” Hutchinson states, “In my community, churches of every size, architectural style, and denomination sit totemically between daycare centers, liquor stores, dry cleaners, dollar stores, and beauty shops.” ‘Totem,’ what is a totem? Sacred, symbolic objects representative of clan, family, or ancestry. This is important. Not only spatial-geographic waste and economic drags on communities needing it, many African Americans in particular and Black Americans in general feel a connection to Christianity as a whole and its manifestation in the Black Church.

She comments on the work of Paula Giddings and the exploitation of Black women slaves as “breeders,” etc., as Black women in the slave era of America were chattel for the use and abuse by slave owners. She touches on the controversy surrounding Linda Sarsour and her (Sarsour’s) support for Minister Louis Farrakhan, known for anti-Semitic and misogynist views.

Hutchinson roots such injustice in the economic context for Black Americans, as noted earlier about these median wealth disparities and unemployment inequities. The tax-free status of places of worship is a unified concern for Black and White secularists in America. One of the more unique concerns of Black atheists is the reflection of the Jim Crow era and the Great Migration in their connection with the Black church. More generally, she remarks on the inordinate wealth handed to the individual pastors in Africa, Nigeria particularly, and in America with the two most prominent cases in David Oyedepo, in Nigeria, and T.D. Jakes, in America.

How these ultra-wealthy Black male pastors suck the economic lifeblood out of community is a travesty, the ways in which Black women’s labour makes these religious communities possible in the first place too. This is where ideas of social and economic redistribution become inherent in the form of humanist discourse espoused by Hutchinson. She reflects on “How the Humanist Movement Fosters Economic Injustice” by David Hoelscher with reference to Helen Keller and Albert Einstein and some of the fundamental socialistic structures endorsed by them. Even, as Hutchinson states, the first major humanist document published in 1933 was devoted explicitly to racial equality and economic justice.

Indeed, the fourteenth affirmation in the 1933 Humanist Manifesto I stated, “The humanists are firmly convinced that existing acquisitive and profit-motivated society has shown itself to be inadequate and that a radical change in methods, controls, and motives must be institutedA socialized and cooperative economic order must be established to the end that the equitable distribution of the means of life be possible. The goal of humanism is a free and universal society in which people voluntarily and intelligently cooperate for the common good. Humanists demand a shared life in a shared world.” [Emphasis added.]

Leading humanists Paul Kurtz and Edwin Wilson in the Humanist Manifesto II emphasized addressing economic injustices as core to Humanism and, thus, to humanist discourse. Modern Humanism, Hutchinson correctly observes, fails to deal with these realities affecting more of its non-mainstream communities, where there could be concretized humanist activism at the most fundamental level drawing back to the roots of the philosophical worldview and life stance with addressing economic injustice and social inequities.

As another great boss at The Good Men ProjectCouncilwoman Emily LaDouceur, has stated, “Never underestimate the power of community leaders speaking out against discrimination, injustice, and harassment… We need city council members who will unapologetically stand up against any policy, procedure, or practice, that may perpetuate bias or discrimination.”

The core of the movements has merely shifted the ratios of its currency into the big basket of combatting “religious attacks on secular freedom.” That’s it. The diversified vision of 1933 has been truncated. One where individuals “who question humanist, atheist, or skeptical orthodoxies are trashed, branded snowflakes, social justice warriors, feminazis, or religious apologists.”

She remarked on the clash between Bakari Chavanu, of Black Humanists and Nonbelievers of Sacramento, and a libertarian, exemplifying a differential vision of “Humanism” as a concept based on the August 2018 piece entitled “Why Five Fierce Humanists.” Concomitant with this, Hutchinson reflects on the “majority of forerunning early-twentieth-century Black freethinkers (with the notable exception of figures like Zora Neale Hurston and Black conservative intellectual George Schuyler) were socialist and communist aligned, and actively condemned the way capitalism and White supremacy harm Black communities.”

She notes the holes in the presentation of Roy Speckhardt, the executive director of the American Humanist Association, about Thomas Jefferson in the book Creating Change Through Humanism. He was a secularist and freethinker. Also, he believed in the inherent inferiority of Blacks and committed an ethical atrocity in the form of a slaveholding empire. Similarly, one can think of the skeptic views of H.L. Mencken while reflecting on the racist views about Blacks and imaginary crimes seen in ‘miscegenation.’ Hutchinson quotes Paul Finkelman in “The Monster of Monticello” to describe the atrocious behaviour of Jefferson. Historian Christopher Deaton reflects much the same withering critique.

Many of these economic realities come in the form of billionaire listings with a White face, Black male ultra-rich pastors bilking Black communities and taking up needed community space, and the policy and legal decisions giving economic privileges to corporations and religious institutions, e.g., the Johnson Amendment and Citizens United, which may be bolstered by appointments of people like Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh, or Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas. American slavery sapped the economic productivity of Black slaves in America for White Americans’ benefit; thus, in the reference to Thomas Paine and Ernestine Rose by Hutchinson, the “Original Sin” of America was an economic one.

“And even though White abolitionists and deist freethinkers like Thomas Paine and feminist suffragist Ernestine Rose decried the “original sin” of American slavery,” Hutchinson wrote, “the eighteenth-century narrative of colonial bondage to the British continues to reverberate in the toxic myth of American exceptionalism. In many regards, the myth that the United States is fundamentally better and more just or exceptional than any other country in the world is the lie that allows structural inequity to persist.”

Hutchinson speaks more to the 2014 article by James Croft “Beyond Secularism” and Croft’s important focus on a wider vision of the possibilities of Humanism. Something important Hutchinson pivots into this point is Pinn’s emphasis on the everyday little facets and facts of reality, the rooted Humanism of Hutchinson, for the proper knitting together of the grand figures and narratives of mainstream Humanism with the highly neglected communities of colour who deserve a voice at the table and a choice in programs from the wider humanist community. This can be done. Why not?

Hutchinson describes the way in which the material view of the universe does not limit her perspective on the operations of consciousness. She does not believe in the spirit or soul. Hutchinson affirms the conscious and unconscious connected to thoughts and feelings from a material brain. She looks at the indefinite nature of the findings of the scientific method’s actual discovery of the natural world. The fundamental issue is one affirming the freedom of individual choice.

She also spoke about how Stacey Abrams in the 2018 Georgia ​gubernatorial statement said “faith, service, education, responsibility” set forth the values for Abrams. This was similar to the Kamala Harris statement before. In that, if you state a non-religious and non-faith-based view of the world, and if you state that you do not adhere to a deity, then you have committed political suicide. In a manner of speaking, African Americans as highly religious constituents only feel comfortable and encouraged by religious male hierarchs to vote for politicians who are firm in faith in order to be seen as properly Black, or to have any semblance of a moral compass or an ethical system guiding one’s life, which harkens back to the Steve Harvey commentary earlier.

“Before Humanism can be concretely relevant to the everyday lives of Black women and women of color steeped in faith and religious practice there must be space for them to exist in discomfort of the unknown.” In many ways, Hutchinson’s every day realities rooted Humanism aligns deeply with the depictions described by Hutchinson in Toni Morrison’s Beloved.

Hutchinson talked about the rape of Desiree Washington by Mike Tyson. Washington was Miss Black America in 1991. Farrakhan condemned Washington, essentially, as a Jezebel. An experience common in many communities with rape survivors tossed to the lions by community leaders, including religious leaders, as was the case with Farrakhan. Occasionally, there’s justice, as with sexual assaulters Daniel Holtzclaw, Bill Cosby, and R. Kelly. All this is simply marginal justice for raped Black American women, not even taking into account LGBTQI members of communities. Voices rarely heard. Victims barely sought.

Even institutionally, Hutchinson puts the Southern Baptist Convention on blast over its illustrative compiled crimes. Yet, with the spotty coverage of rapes and sexual violence, the violence of bullying and harassment can acquire coverage, especially around teen suicides, if a White face. This can be impacted by portrayals and commentary intended as jokes by some of the most prominent comedians of the day, e.g., Kevin Hart. Hutchinson reflects in some cultural positives in the cases of Barry Jenkins’ Moonlight, or in the deconstructionist Other People’s Children by Lisa Delpit, or the essay “What’s Home Got to do With It? Unsheltered Queer Youth” by Reed Christian and Anjali Mukarji-Connoly.

Hutchinson reported on Center for American Progress’ work by Aisha Moodle-Mills and Jerome Hunt about the great risks to life and livelihood of LGBTQI youth, whether teen pregnancy, school dropout, homelessness, drug abuse, stress, and more. A rooted Humanism, or a more radical Humanism compared to the present (not as much to the 1933 vision), has a moral stake in this wider fight for equality and justice.

In Chapter 3 or “The Black Humanist Heathen Gaze,” Hutchinson describes not seeing herself in the media of Judy Blume and others presented to her. As per the Cooperative Children’s Book Center, 3,700 books published in 2017 featured mostly White protagonists. Even Charlie and the Chocolate Factory’s Charlie Bucket was intended as a Black protagonist, but became White in the final production. It’s the same for non-religious film and television. There has been a decline in Christian movie audiences. However, it’s still garnering a significant pull and has an audience.

She notes the only real secular studies professor in academia as Professor Phil Zuckerman with only two major exceptions who focus on Black secular Humanism in particular, who build an academic series of works devoted to critical consciousness: Dr. Christopher Cameron at the University of North Carolina and Dr. Anthony Pinn at Rice University. Hutchinson is the only one to have developed a course about humanist women of colour in the world through the Humanist Institute entitled “Women of Color Beyond Faith.” Her interest in Black humanist cultural production is seminal as well. Maureen Mahoney and Jeffrey Othello are “among the few in the White-dominated field of rock and roll musicology and music history.” Critical works by White writers have been Jack Hamilton and Gayle Wald. While, at the same time, August Wilson notes the operation​s​ of Black Americans exists​ within a preconfigured cultural structure by White Americans. It all feeds into cultural tropes of “Tyler Perry-esque evangelicalism” condemned by a smug atheist, etc.

When Hutchinson reviewed lists of secular films challenging religion, it was mostly White secular driven film and television making direct attacks. Black Americans in religious enclaves have to trade in a different and hidden-from-popular-culture currency. There is some questioning of faith in Black media productions, as in August Wilson, James Baldwin, and Lorraine Hansberry with further “radical aesthetic and ideological possibility” seen in the works of Richard Wright and Nella Larsen. Hutchinson’s own White Nights, Black Paradise “features perhaps the first narrative film portrayal of a Black atheist lesbian protagonist.” There is a yearning for a magical return to some long-gone past state apart from the hellish nature of many Black American lives now relative to many White and other Americans, which may come in the form of “a sentiment reflected in both the Great Migration and the Back to Africa movements.” A commentary of the state of idolatry found in Black Americans becoming involved in Jonestown in hypocritical worship of the Marxist atheist, Jim Jones, as a Christian god.

As per usual in many contexts, and in the environs of Jonestown, Black women were the pseudo-chattel of subservience and obeisance to Jones as “ever-faithful, self-sacrificing” servants, as if without autonomy of conscience and self-determination of body, i.e., as subhuman. Black women suffering from Stockholm Syndrome in identification with Jones. To quote late humanist Kurt Vonnegut, “So it goes.”

In Chapter 4 or “Gen Secular and People and Colour,” Hutchinson remarks on the treatment of children with atheist and humanist parents. They (Hutchinson’s nonbinary 11-year-old daughter), earlier in life, had to hear in second grade, “You’re going to hell and to the devil, because you don’t go to church.” This is the context for a not-insignificant number of nonbelievers in the United States. We can see this in White professional class women of tenure in self-identified Liberal Theology and progressive churches in Canada under the banner of the United Church of Canada with Rev. Gretta Vosper who was raked through the coals in national media for several years.

In South L.A. where Sikivu and they live, in 1965, there was the Watts Rebellion resulting in White “flight” from the neighbourhoods. Now, with changes in economic disparities in the ultra-wealthy and the stagnation and decline for much of the rest of the United States, Hutchinson notes the ironic return of White Americans and the subsequent gentrification following from this. “God’s plan” is an empty cliché taken as an aphorism of wisdom and assumed as a framework for comprehension of the world and relative misery around African American religious communities. She speaks to the historian Ibram Kendi’s call to recognize 1 in 4 Black American households have zero wealth compared to 1 in 10 White Americans, which builds on the work of Ta Nehisi-Coates.

These thoughts and movements aren’t new. Hutchinson brings back the historical memory of the pioneering and first Black freethinker who defied both White slavers and the “Black faith police,” where she quotes, particularly in response to censure by Black Methodist ministers, Frederick Douglass, “I bow to no priests, either of faith or unfaith, I claim as against all sorts of people, simply perfect freedom of thought.” Maria Stewart and Sojourner Truth would have experienced far more backlash if they spoke so directly and forthrightly against established dogma’s guardians. They may make it pinch and sting with a Black man; however, they will make it cut in the case of a Black woman.

Clashes exist in the current incarnations of the American freethought movements, as we see in the history with Ernestine Rose, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony. Nonetheless, we live in a globalizing world and the ex-Muslim movement is a unique one. It is working to detach religious identity from ethnic heritage. As well, it is bringing forth the concerns of the men and the women who have left Islam and endured severe censure, ostracism, abuse, and even death threats. Sadia Hameed, a spokesperson for the Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain, and Zara Kay, the founder of Faithless Hijabi, writer Hibah Ch, and Taslima Nasreen, Bangladeshi activist, author, and physician, are all referenced as important examples in this work.

Heina Dadabhoy is given space to make the point about coming out as an atheist for her. In that, when she renounced Islam, her parents described the action as Dadabhoy wanting to be like White people. Freethought in some contexts is seen as a White cultural phenomenon, i.e., the god concept becomes self-imposed mental prison as a form of community identity and inverse ethnic identification (as in not being White, thus making the false linkage, in another manner, between ethnicity and religion). There is a change in the landscape, though.

Millennials, and younger generations, continue to lose religion as a core identity, even in connection with perceptions of some amorphous, invisible unity between belief in the god concept and actuality of morality. Moral movements, including Black Lives Matter of Patrisse Cullors Khan, Opal Tometi, and Alicia Garza, are manifestations of this in some ways. Three Black queer women who founded a movement different than the historical civil rights movement of Martin Luther King, Jr. and others steeped in “heterosexist, homophobic, patriarchal Black-church traditions [that] stifled any semblance of affirmation of queer voices (much less nonbelieving ones).” A. Philip Randolph, Hutchinson notes, was “frequently gay-baited and forced to suppress his identity in the movement.”

A Humanism embracing more gender fluid notions while rejecting gods and the supernatural can match more of the universalistic sensibilities espoused since the 1933 Humanist Manifesto I and remove false dichotomies between feeling and thinking with the feelings as feminine, etc., as Hutchinson notes in quoting Soraya Chemaly from Rage Becomes Her. One theoretical work or hypothesis Hutchinson describes is Post-Traumatic Slave Syndrome (PTSS) from Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome: America’s Legacy of Enduring Injury and Healing (PTSS) (2005) by Joy DeGruy, which is a hypothesis about intergenerational stressors passed from one cohort to the next as a result of slavery and its aftereffects. This then leads into the concluding statements of the text.

Hutchinson remarks on the Black Skeptics Los Angeles First in the Family Humanist youth recipients as profiled in the Humanist magazine and the Huffington Post. One touching story is Mike Grimes who established firm humanist roots after the death of a father to a car crash. Grimes did not rely on the gods or the supernatural. In trying to get a settlement from the trucking company with “so-called Christian family values on its website,” the experience was hellish. This is America, for humanists – so stand tall. Hutchinson concludes with a quote from Audre Lorde on self-determination of Black women and women of colour in the humanist movements. Hutchinson adds, “Lorde’s words are a testament to the enduring power of self-representation as art, agency, and self-determination. They resonate deeply as we move further into a century where secular Black feminist and feminist of color resistance will be definitive in shaping humanist politics and consciousness.” She’s right.

If humanist institutions do not cover the wider range of the concerns of its broad base of communities or constituencies, then the humanist movement will, in part, become obsolete to the needs of its communities and constituencies, i.e., human beings enacting humanist values and searching for humanist organizations and media speaking to their human concerns. As Hutchinson observes, “If humanism is reframed as working through struggle; being silent in one’s body; being alone in one’s body; being partnered; being skeptical; being engaged in art, literature, music, and the full scope of Black creativity in the sublime and the every day – then it would have more relevance to traditions of Black women’s resistance.”

In this sense, to become “obsolete” means to lose sight of the human needs of Black humanists’ Humanism, in a manner of speaking, it becomes revolutionary to the historical trends in American society with the view of people of colour, African Americans, or Black citizens of the United States as sub-human (and Black women as not really women), because the personhood, dignity, and autonomy of each individual human being​​ get​s​ affirmed in Humanism. That’s the fundamental revolutionary act at this time, causa mentale: a revolution in how we see ourselves and how we see one another, as members of the same species with the same inherent dignity and value. That’s the “acute reminder” or, rather, “challenge” with “razor-sharp clarity” one finds in Humanists in the Hood: Unapologetically Black, Feminist, and Heretical. To this “must read” book, I will conclude on a favourite Black feminist poet of Hutchinson, Lucille Clifton, who is an icon to Hutchinson. Clifton wrote “won’t you celebrate with me” from Book of Light (1993):

won’t you celebrate with me

what i have shaped into

a kind of life? i had no model.

born in babylon

both nonwhite and woman

what did i see to be except myself?

i made it up

here on this bridge between

starshine and clay,

my one hand holding tight

my other hand; come celebrate

with me that everyday

something has tried to kill me

and has failed.​​


Scott Jacobsen is a Board member of Humanist Canada, Secretary-General of Young Humanists International, and Website Administrator & Editor for Advocacy for Alleged Witches.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Hints at Illusion: Irreversible Laws

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): SocioMix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

“The sole difference between the real and the reverse universe” is the Second Law of Thermodynamics in this examination of the nature and structure of reality via its apparent laws. Sidis in The Animate and the Inanimate makes this distinct motion about this particular law compared to other laws.

In this sense, the Second Law of Thermodynamics becomes a fulcrum for the operations of the first universe, or the real universe, and the reverse universe, or the reverse time universe. All physical laws, according to the earlier portions of the text, must be, by necessity, reversible.

While, at least, one is not. More will be expounded in later chapters about the illusory nature of laws in this regard through the text-based representation of a thought experiment, not on the nature of time but, on the nature of natural law through time. Natural law here does not mean a religious ethic found in Natural Law.

For laws’ operation through matter as a consistency, matter in the real universe and the reverse universe will be the same. However, against common sense or ordinary experience in the real universe, balls will bounce up the stairs rather than down. This peculiarity speaks to the strangeness of the reverse universe compared to the real universe.

The stairs “throw” the ball up — utterly peculiar, strange. Physical law describes the actions of the ball, the how. Such a why, though, it seems entirely queer. Sidis proposes this within the framework of the common denominator of the real universe and the reverse universe.

One is the Second Law of Thermodynamics with the energy of the universe “constantly running down.” With differences of energy in different volumes of the universe, the cosmos will equalize the energy distribution, eventually.

Further, he explains. Any law connected to this Second Law of Thermodynamics will be irreversible by derivation as well. Even though, energy can be reconverted; heat will be lost. The energetic clock runs down, not up, here.

This is an example of an irreversible law when contrasting the real universe and the reverse universe, of Sidis. He considers the Second Law of Thermodynamics, in fact, the “sole” difference between them.

What is the reason for this universal peculiarity? With a universe running down from the concentrated forms of energy to pure evenly distributed heat means the universe will exact upon itself a state in which no further state transitions seem possible: a dead universe as the real universe, in the end.

In the reverse universe, the universe, in some sense, winds up, not with a loss of heat with collisions, but an increase in heat or molar kinetic energy. Heat is gained, not lost when contrasting the reverse universe and the real universe collisions.

When comparing a machine efficiency to the physical laws, Sidis measures all as less than 100% efficient, because heat is lost, not gained. By its nature, in the thought experiment, the reverse universe becomes more than 100% efficient — let’s call this superefficient.

In turn, the reverse time universe becomes superefficient vis-à-vis mechanical efficiency to the point of a minimum of >/= 100% in the real universe. Yet, as physical property mirrors one to the other, the reverse universe maps onto the real universe in most respects with the mechanical efficiencies, potentially, as reflective of one to the other in terms of supraefficiency and superefficiency.

One universe’s supraefficiency is another’s superefficiency when considered on a reversal of the factor or variable of temporality. Sidis remarks on temperature too. With two bodies at 0° and 200° Fahrenheit, the available energy would be represented by the temperature of the hotter body or the one corresponding to 200° Fahrenheit.

While, at the same time, the colder body remains 460° above Absolute Zero here. In each of the two bodies, there is 460° of unavailable energy for the two. With the same mass and specific heat, the total available energy, under the Second Law of Thermodynamics, would be 460° and 460° plus a corresponding 0° and 200° Fahrenheit, respectively, for a total of 1,120° Fahrenheit between the two bodies.

The total energy available becomes 200°:1,120° for a total energy conversion possibility of 18%. Energy in this available form becomes unavailable because of the Second Law of Thermodynamics with the amount of available energy in the universe consistently running down and not up. Cosmos exists as zero-sum in this framework, so far.

A cosmogony, cosmology, and eschatology of the transient and the self-constrictive. A constriction bound by the progression of time as experienced as an Arrow of Time moving ‘forward.’ In such a reverse universe, energy is not dissipated as heat but inculcated or absorbed — in a manner of speaking — into the bodies in an environment.

“Bodies” here means general bodies, not human or animal alone. Energy below the coldest is drawn upon as a reserve and there exists a reserve fund of energy building energy differences based on reserve rather than dissipation, as in a supraefficiency versus a superefficiency.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Writing as Offshoring

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): SocioMix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

That’s the discourse of writing behind the words or something like it. For earlier writers, writing, or typing in the modern period, is a huge pain in the behind, the backside. It’s tedious, seemingly unnecessary. But they do it anyway. The structure of a sentence. The decorum of grammar, the frame of syntax, and the content of suitable word choice and correct ordering of words.

Over time, these become automated for writers. They feedback into deeper structures of the mind for the automaticity of structure and content, where intent drives it, now. An emotion, for example, can be a driver. When writing for a wedding magazine, there is writing from an emotion felt in the chest, oriented to a higher-order abstract principle, which gets integrated together as the writing unfolds.

Until, it feels right, intuitively. Intuition plays a large role in writing, after enough writing. How much? A sufficient amount for the person, which adds nothing to the descriptor. But it’s really that way. You have to write, and write, and read, and read, and write, and read, constantly. Over time, intuition may play the only role.

You must not develop the skills, alone, but the actual structures for thinking as a writer. Writing adapts a core feature of human capacity, so identity: language. Acts of writing are speech acts formalized. The process of continual refinement, of endurance of the mind, and renewed breakthroughs into genuine self-expression.

The formalities have been dealt with, automated, and then intent guides the entirety of the process. This can be considered capital “O” Offshoring. You offshore the lower-level basics to the non-conscious, but more active, parts of the mind. Then you can focus on vetting of ideas your mind throws at you, and the putting of emotion and true self to page.

Your own subjectivity poses another perennial question.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Homecoming: Memorial Re-Union

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): SocioMix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

On December 20, 2017, Peter died. His body destroyed itself in an autoimmune attack. He was knocked out. Doctors connected him to an assistive machine. It kept his body alive, while ‘asleep.’ His lungs filled with fluid. They needed draining by the machinery of plastic, metal, and electronics.

Loved ones gathered around. They knew. It was time to begin the end. His body shut off between the morning into the early afternoon with the closing down of the machine keeping his unconscious body alive.

Death, to not be; Pete met the proverbial scythe of the unending eternal. Weeks passed to months and then a few years. Eileen couldn’t manage the pain, the void, the vacuum of Pete’s memories in her. More than 60 years of the union met as a singlet, a widow.

All unions meet the inevitability of an end with the ever-present two-word question, “Who first?” No matter the depth of the love, the thread-count of the connection, the amiability of the friendship, or the years built after one another. Death cares not for these; lovers do.

In this sense, lovers represent life, itself.

Holding onto a photo of Peter, Eileen met with family members in the early and early-middle parts of February 2021. To reconcile, to meet, to discuss life and love, while drifting in and out of consciousness, she was probably undergoing a psychogenic death.

Little sleep, no eating or minimal food intake, barely sipping water, the implosion of the self over a bond broken. “I’m coming, Pete,” over and over again. She just wanted to be home because her current house was a stranger’s abode, lonely and alone.

February 14, 2021, Valentine’s Day — poetically, Eileen Jacobsen died. Maybe, she met her valentine, maybe not. A Sunday departure from the stage. The Thursday before, some grandchildren visited her.

She turned to one and said, “Oh, hi, Scott.” A greeting meeting the last visit before the final, “Bye.”

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Existence: The Evident And The Self-Evident

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): SocioMix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

Existence means, typically, extant being. With historical sensibility, existence means being in a broad sense of history, current moments, and the future. The quality of “to be” seems like the act of existence.

The domain of reasonable discourse seems split between the evident and the self-evident in existence. Evident, in this frame, means the sensory continuum of experience and its extended continuum into formalized empiricist mechanisms and methodologies.

The self-evident as a being which knows and knows that it knows; no way out of this: existence, then self-evidence, and then evidence. Powerful derivations form from this. An object — dynamic — universe develops a separate station in the process of evolutionary change with a subject emergent in it.

Slowly, subjectivities come birthing forth out of the universe, as a part of the nature of nature. It’s a peculiar happenstance of the ordinary structure of reality. An object universe producing independence of mind within itself, as such. This makes metaphysics a useless subject matter.

Where metaphysics unnecessarily complicates the study of this operational framework. The world becomes existent, ontology, and knowable to some extent, epistemology, but integrated into and of itself, voiding metaphysics, because the knowledge of the structure of reality requires reality. This is so a priori with an evolved/constructed mind with the capacity to know to such a degree or a posteriori through the study of material reality.

The knowing cannot be decoupled from the known because the knowledge exists as a property of a being capable of knowing, which exists in the extant or the known, the potentially known, and the unknown. Even though, the concept of a “property” makes little sense with the demarcation, the line, drawn by an observer. Only existence exists, and properties, the inherencies of an object or process, derive from this, while existence remains the ground state and the self-evident makes the distinctions.

The evident would form the basis of the latter (a priori) and the self-evident the former (a posteriori). In this manner, we come to ontology and epistemology as an integrated loop and metaphysics as moot. Another field dealing with values is axiology.

Axiology is mere as the values held by such minds evolved or constructed within the universe. Those are tautologically necessary for survival, so good enough, plus some room for variation — good and bad for further survival. Valuelessness is the currency of the universe, while values are produced internally to it — global valuelessness and localized value.

It’s akin to metaphysics as without place. A higher-order language isn’t raining down upon the universe. The universe integrates its functionality into itself, while evolved critters appear to have derived some truths about it — mistaking symbol use for some externally derived law (leading to an infinite regress or merely definitional games to close the gap).

This does not require a unicity of reality but becomes assisted with an apparent unicity of it. Assume as such, the physical laws seem to represent it — work, a reframing with merely axiology, epistemology, and ontology, and constrained further, at that. The evidently requires the existence and the self-evident implies existence. The nature of the evidence here means the senses, lower-order, and higher-order, and tools and types to extend them.

Those capable of back-translation into the mind of the being which knows and knows that it knows. Without this translatability, the entire pursuit of knowing remains internal. As noted in other works, existence seems statistical more probably — vastly so — than non-existence. In this, we come to another profundity.

A simple argument for the statistical inevitability of existence over non-existence, so the nature of reality is to exist rather than not. The object universe with apparent unicity across all fundaments becomes an extended first principles assertion without necessary coherence, without the complete mapping of the universe. This means a convenient placeholder for all of science.

“It works,” doesn’t mean true. It means functionally true, operationally factual. Structures and processes are known better than before. This knowledge comes from inside the system, not outside, once more voiding metaphysics.

What happens in this context, we have existence marching merrily along with its statistical probability in existing over not, then separation with technical evolution of complex interconnected, integrated information processors capable of knowing, at a basic level, and knowing that they know, at an advanced level with no known upper limit to the latter.

The self-evident comes from existence in the form of consciousness, not a magical-mystical process or phenomenon, but a technical mastery of mapping the world into a system internal to the universe as a natural occurrence. A sensibility of recursion comes into play here.

Further, the sensory system built into such an organism means the consciousness develops degrees of freedom incomprehension of the apparent unicity of reality for self-developed evidence about the world. These refined and formalized in something akin to science in empiricism if not outright advanced science means the self-evident extends to the evidence in two senses.

One, it’s internal integration only. Two, its further external extension brought back to the internal integration and filtered into the self-evident and its framework too. The frames of referents coalesced in one mind.

From this, the ‘metaphysical,’ in fact, means the epistemological for the ontological, even if unable to sense the rules of the universe. It’s not top-down or bottom-up; it’s integrated internally or not. The integration happens within a system capable of doing so.

Naturally, this excludes metaphysics and requires ontology and epistemology as natural parts of the way the cosmos works and internal minds to it operate, unavoidably. Philosophy needs a complete overhaul and reconstruction in this manner. Furthermore, the axiological simply means the evolved or constructed values of organisms or mechanisms. Things of significance or not, i.e., valued or not, or valued in different ways and to different degrees.

Existence means an integrated whole of the past, the present, and the future, unfolding by its own nature. Sometimes, a separation between the object into subjects with the unavoidable self-evident in the subjectivities and then the occasional evident (and extensions) with more comprehensive couplings of their minds and the universe.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

All Bound Up, Mind The Numbers: Natural Minds And Informational Consciousness

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): SocioMix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

The “mind,” as with “consciousness,” as terms have garnered a reputation as symbols of the spiritual or otherworldly raining down on the ordinary life of now. Somehow, a supernatural unification of phenomenal experience. Somehow, another world entirely airdropping qualia into a singular field of subjectivity.

Somehow, a divine presence in the form of a spirit or a soul embedded in the heart of a human being or bound to some Source extant at the beginning and end of all. Somehow, some Alpha and Omega binding all as one unto itself and gifting a singlet experience for each conscious being. Somehow, a holy text, reality as a language, and word games to close the gap while making a fool and pretending to not act as such.

Somehow… in the face of overwhelming complexity, and befuddled masses, and confused leaders of thought, and poorly evolved minds, other ploys are invented to explain one of the mysteries or problems of the evolutionary world, the brain, and the mind. Naturalism as a counter to the supernatural claims, while still limited.

What if? Just, what if? What if the explanations of the processes of the natural world happen in accordance with principles of existence or Laws of Nature, and so human beings must be explained in like manner?

What if the brain is part of the natural world, and so must be explained in like manner? What if the body and the brain are part of the natural world, and so must be explained in like manner? What if “consciousness” and “mind” were completely disconnected from the spiritual or otherworldly?

In a natural world, these terms become meaningless with a sense of the ordinary. Life becomes an ordinary process. Existence becomes itself. The universe manifests as a self-such process, as out of the necessity of existence, as life out of Universe.

“Existence,” “Life,” “Universe,” each as manifestations of the ordinary, not extraordinary — not in size or variation, but in continuity. Things exist and flow one from the other.

The order of the Universe means nothing, as a disorder or pervasive inconsistency would mean nullification of the structure of the Universe, so, in the end, no universe. Whether an argument for divine creation or transcendental generativity or identity of reality as a god, these amount to word games from The Word people.

If discarded, the more parsimonious explanation sat in front all along; all these acts of existence are not choices to exist, but inevitabilities of existence with pathways of possibilities as probabilities manifesting as they can and not as they should. Whatever the world, we live in the best of all possible worlds because all worlds are the best of worlds because they are possible.

What if? Truly, what if? What if terms including “mind” and “consciousness” mean the same process of unification of qualia, phenomenological experience, and apparent unitary subjectivity in the Universe?

Terms matter, similarly, for example, the multiverse proposed would be a universe, as the universe is all that exists or virtually exists. A multiverse converges to a universe and an original universe becomes a singlet in this universe, so voiding the term and not the idea of the multiverse.

Our hidden assumptions and wrongful derivations from the terminology lead us astray in coming to correct views about the world as a natural dynamic object grounded in the valueless exchange of information as in an informational particularity and informational cosmology.

Information as transforms of spatiotemporal quantities of reality from one moment of time manifested into the next as pathways permit from current organizational structures of reality.

One such series of manifestations come from dynamic, complex structural transforms of the human nervous system with an apparent tight correspondence to individual subjective experience and externalized behavior.

Mind and consciousness mean subjective experience. An apparent unification of qualities of experience, objects perceived, concepts formed, and thoughts strung along with the concepts about the concepts, the objects, and the qualities of experience.

In turn, a concretized sensibility of subjective experience, as mind and consciousness, mean a technical, informational, finite series of transforms over a finite amount of moments. These transform amount to the micro-mosaic mirror informational universe in a spatiotemporal quantity.

The informational content of a human brain can be calculated in this manner and the time in life can provide a ranged metric of the amount of transformation of states, so the quantity of information in this spatiotemporal quantity.

No infinities exist here. Akin to the numbers, a hidden assumption in numbers belies the reality of reality, the nature of nature, the fundaments of the cosmos and the universe. In a finite universe, Universe can be represented by numbers, finitely.

The hidden assumptions of the numbers come from the infinities. A series of precision requires information and increasing precision needs more information; infinities differ and many apparent infinities in numbers rest on true finite. Infinite precision requires infinite information.

0.0 differs from 0.00 and 0.000 differs from 0.0000. In this manner, 0.0 becomes an approximation 0.0000 and the common assumption or premise behind numbers is an infinite series with 0.00000…, so as to demarcate reality, in our representations, as an infinite object.

We must reflect. If an infinite object, and dynamic, so transformational, then an infinitely informational object with changes of state — one into another. These mark an oddity, an error. The universe becomes an apparent finite construct with functional infinite aspects (large finite beyond current comprehension).

The infinities hidden in mental constructs of numbers when applied to the Universe must be truncated to make reality real in the mappings or couplings of approximate mental constructs to its true frame(s).

In like manner, folk psychological notions of consciousness and mind relate to hidden infinities to hide or mistake the nature of the matter; “subjective experience” does not, as we experience the limitations at all possible moments of subjectivity.

Consciousness as another worldly creation bound to this world pertains to a feeling of an infinitude beyond the natural, so the supernatural, the metaphysical, or the extra material, the non-informational. Same with mind.

When chucked out of incoherence, due to poor explanation, or elasticity of definitional bounds to make the superfluous or meaningless, in definition, seem profound, simplicity sets forth. The universe is a finite construct; mind and consciousness as subjective experience, as technical products of evolution — pressure, selection, reproduction, further pressure, selection, reproduction.

Structure, the nervous system, and process, informational transforms of the structure, and associated apparency of unity of the qualities of experience, the objects of experience, the concepts of experience, and thoughts related to them, unavoidably exist as finite, as Universe remains inevitably finite.

Numbers, subjective experience, and Universe come to the reality of finitude and informational transforms — the so-called natural found in Naturalism with precision and proper, deeper definition. Thusly, which is all to state, Naturalism is correct, while Informationalism is more correct.

Quod erat demonstratum.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

A Still Commune

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): SocioMix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

Oftentimes, more difficult circumstances can unravel the desired peace, calm, self-respect, and sense of internal dignity of the individual human being, whether a tough time on the job, a death in the family or simply a day marching from one bad moment to another.

I take the time to reflect on the commute home from work. I am a custodian at a pub and a bistro (separate businesses under the same umbrella and general contracting). I bike home each day — on a bicycle, not a motorcycle.

Both the last shift and the bike ride home give me time to gather myself, mentally. The fishing reels were sent out each day and reeled in at the end — trying not to make a jumble of them.

From whatever tangled weave of the chaos of the day comes in, I can begin to make sense of the overarching of the day, the narrative. With maturity over time, an understanding comes forward. The story is imposed on the day.

James Joyce’s writing was much like this. In which, numerous conflicting voices come together, impartially, incomplete, and formulated within an environment of The Real — the truly incomplete and partial. I take a cue in writing from him — take a different point of view, at one level, but, at a meta-conceptual level, take multiple points of view at the same time.

An interesting meta-consistency comes out of such a structure, comes out in such writing. The application of different narrative voices brings about a sense of the bland. The voices smudge, unless examined closer, there is an interesting effect within the writing.

I find the commute home by a cemetery helpful for writing. I peer over the gravestones and consider the numerous lives and the number of thoughts that must have crossed through each person that is no more.

In this sense, there is a consideration of the dead as the living, while the lives lived no longer take part in the play of this dramatic, small town in which I inhabit, find myself, have been home to, but do not consider home — as nowhere is home to me except in my own mind.

A place of refuge, of peace, and the central source of responsibility in the control of the sense of equanimity and thought. Working at a pub seems much different than the world of journalism or writing. It’s rough-and-tumble play, but in an adult or more mature context — or, maybe, not more mature.

So much happening at once, and a context in which individuals drink, get rowdy, come for the company, meet from the local university for an informal meeting, go out with friends to catch up, sit with their wife for some beef dip and a pint of beer, get out with the girlfriends to reconnect and share stories about parents and relationships, and so on, all this going on; so much so, it can be a bit bewildering at times to behold.

But, regardless, there is a general sense in which the numerous narratives, to each individual observer, is part of a larger meaningless whole, while the individual meanings to each part feel quite real, so, for all intents and purpose, is real enough.

The dead giving this living series of thought — through the cemetery or the mass of ceremonialized and memorialized corpses — is, in a deep way, a commune. I have seen this, often, from motorcyclists — real “bikers” — and the weepy old and young alike from mainstream Canada.

It is a space of the ever-still, once-existent, who provide a sense in which life continues onward, while the past never left entirely. It is a way of saying, “Others were here. You will be here, or somewhere like it, in some unknown near-future.”

Cemeteries, to me, remain places of the Still. A community of the dead. A gathering of the memorialized. A bounded collection of remains. The past stuck as the extant present, 6-feet-under.

So, the markings of the partially forgotten, but never entirely so — for a time. The dead become monuments of fractured tapestries through time inscribed with a name, a start date, and an end date, and, perhaps, a short encapsulating message, ‘They were here a second ago.’

A series of narrative timelines partially overlap one with another. This is to say, cemeteries aren’t for the dead; they are for the living. And the dead through the living garner some semblance of life once more.

The dead never died. Nothing ever ceases to be entirely, precisely. Cemeteries are a rare space for reflection and represent a Still Commune to me. A place for a repeated coming to terms with the reality of death, and find a sense of the bedrock eternal in a normal experience of transience and change.

This bedrock can be seen in the True Self or the core sense of identity. Marcus Aurelius was not a great philosopher, nor was he an ideal human being. He was an individual who through the individual struggle with his own self and the pains and pressures of the outside world produced deep wisdom, intuition about the world, human affairs, and himself.

Within this intuition and wisdom, he became a great person, unusually virtuous, restrained, and showing a representation of this bedrock of the unchanging in the ‘power over one’s mind’ — True Will.

This sensibility of cemeteries as a place for reflection, for regaining the “peace, calm, self-respect, and sense of internal dignity” desired by most, makes them a perennial place for all. To honour the dead with the presence of the living, yourself, you gift yourself in the process, in a realization of death, of the numerous voices speaking from the beyond, and the partial, incomplete, and inconsistent nature of our individual natures and narratives in this larger world.

A sense of resolution settles over the landscape, of the mind.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Autosoteriology: A New (Old) Theory For Null-Theology

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): SocioMix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

For the LORD your God is he that goeth with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you.

Bible (King James Version) Deuteronomy 20:4

Christian soul, here is the strength of your salvation; here is the cause of your freedom; here is the price of your redemption. You were a captive, but you have been redeemed; you were a slave, but [by Him] are made free. And so, an exile, you are brought home; lost, you are reclaimed, and dead, you are restored to life. This lets your heart taste, O man, this let it suck, this let it swallow, while your mouth receives the Body and Blood of your Redeemer. In this present life make this your daily bread, your nourishment, your support in pilgrimage. For by means of this, this and nothing else, you remain in Christ and Christ in you, and in the life to come your joy shall be full.

Anselm of Canterbury

And whoever desires other than Islam as religion — never will it be accepted from him, and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers.

Quran Chapter (3) sūrat āl ʿim’rān (The Family of Imrān); Surah 3:85

Salvation pertains to a coupling between an emergency and a saving from said emergency. The natural discourse of transcendentalist religious imagery, languages, metaphors, texts, and figures, is salvation at the core. A problem exists in the world, including human nature. A solution exists for this problem extant in the world. Choices can be made to solve this problem or not.

If chosen on the path to the solution, then salvation for the individual or some larger purpose, e.g., the mission of God, can be met conclusively. The rewards may be reaped for the struggling ascetic spiritualist on some metaphysically-driven purpose with a reunion with the divine, with God, with the angels, with Brahman, with Allah, with Creator, or with… something.

An incorporeal facet of a human being sits as a premise behind these arguments as a cornerstone or a foundational piece because the human spirit or soul is considered something eternal, never ceases existence.

The cessation of the physiological processes of the body does not end the soul in this view. This notion implies the physicality of the body links to some metaphysicality of the soul. The physical-metaphysical divide seems unclear.

In this sense, all the provisions of the laws of the sciences wrought forth bring the idea of the physical as a non-sense idea, which becomes one idea; while, at the same time, the metaphysical seems nowhere in the formulae.

Most formulations about metaphysics of the laws of nature delineate some higher-order language or mathematical construct to encapsulate the cosmos. This seems false. The laws describe the tendencies of operation of the universe intrinsically, not extrinsically, as in the descriptors happen intrinsically and do not become extrinsically derived. This dispenses with metaphysics almost whole cloth.

This metaphysicality of the soul becomes problematic on this level. Similarly, the soul seems like an issue because the entire fabric of the cosmos seems reasonably described without it. An unnecessary premise in the descriptive argument about the universe becomes non-parsimonious, so unnecessary.

You can add it if you like, but you add nothing as you see the issue. The physical seems like a self-limit of the material and the material seems like a self-limit of the natural, while the natural seems like a self-limit of the informational, where the informational means the simple difference in constituent parts between one state at T=0 and another state at T=1. The sum of the difference between time-state 1 and time-state 2, ∑{T1-T2}, equates to the information contained in the state change.

The additional spatiotemporal volume to contain the soul would be problematic, including its associated energetic properties. On another level of analysis, the informational content in that which exists would require more information for the existence of billions of souls.

Even more problematic, the claims for these souls, traditionally so-called, require a formulation of a divine architect who, on this basis, would be wholly wasteful for a holy being — by definition imperfect.

Do not mistake me, I believe in souls, as stated in “Soul Ensoulment — Not <em>I have a soul</em>, But <em>I am a soul</em>.” They need proper framing. Onto the problem or the problems as they were, salvation remains foundational to most major religions. A problem exists. You need salvation from this, e.g., as a sinner et cetera.

The questions remain as to the survivability of the notion of the soul in a transcendentalist manner. The field of theology dealing with this is called soteriology. Either rituals and ceremonies can save someone, individual efforts, or the help from ‘above’ can do it.

If a person, and if a problem for the person, then, inevitably, there will be salvation awaiting them if they choose the right path. All manner of religious systems proposes this. In North America, we see the predominance of Christianity and its salvation by works, by faith, by Christ’s sacrifice on the Cross.

In the Middle East and North Africa region, we see Islam. Salvation through the submission to the divine Will of Allah with salvation only granted upon the mercy of Allah alone. There is no other way. Given the global demographic of religious believers, especially in the Abrahamic religions, we can find this within the context of half of the population of the planet.

Soteriology, truly, is the crux upon which global ideology rests firmly. People desire life after physical life. They want to escape the body. They believe in a naïve, metaphysical soul. They want to cheat the fates, nature, and the laws of it.

Yet, here we exist, like froth on a stone tossed into eternity floating alone, together, as has been extrapolated by modern research into the biblical narratives, especially Professor Francesca Stavrakopoulou, very little, probably, is factual. One could make safe claims about the supernatural claims of other religious traditions.

The soteriological arguments for these faiths rest on ungrounded certainties without a proper warrant. The holy texts must be true. The divine figures must be divinely inspired, even made of some divine essence or substance. Sin must be actual.

Sin in the Bible includes pride, greed, lust, envy, gluttony, wrath, and sloth. Hamartiology is the study of sin. Its origins, effects on life, and on one’s self afterlife. These sins, in the parlance of theology, become expiated, as in expiation or the cleansing of the sins.

Grace is imparted, as in impartation or something granted. Sin is covered or cleansed; grace is imparted or granted to the newly born Christian, as an example. This is the idea of redemption at the Cross. Soteriology, hamartiology, expatiation, impartation, and redemption, and so on, all biblical direct claims or extra-biblical interpretations.

A sin is an act offensive against God. These offenses against God get tallied and marked against a person and mar their soul, in a manner of speaking. Within this framework, the sacrifice of a God-man at the Cross redeems Mankind’s sins with the grace of Christ.

Once more, all are founded within the assertions of this text.

God sure made things difficult for salvation with such a rich lexicon and confusing structure. More seriously, if the premises upon which the theologies ground themselves become subject to a profuse lack of confirmation or an apparent systematic virtual disconfirmation without affirmative evidence over decades, then the, rather obvious, tentative conclusion — to date, and more reasonable — would be the rejection of their empirics or claims to truth.

Furthermore, with the rejection of such bases, the claims within soteriology become conditionally subject to such scrutiny, too. No veracity to the textual claims or supernaturalistic historicity; therefore, no necessary God in such a written form, no Yeshua as saviour, no Cross as redemptive device, no sin needing saving from, so no soteriology for half of the world’s population. It’s not impartation or expiation, but a fabrication.

What happens to soteriology in this framework? It vanishes. The naturalistic and digital philosophies of the world take place now. Yet, the questions remain about the richness of the theological landscape. For one, it’s dying. For two, astrology continues its fantasy-march, too, and retains a rich, complex internal structure disconnected from reality as well.

Theology continues in such a manner as with astrology. It doesn’t matter anymore. It’s only a matter of playing out a centuries-long end game. With the natural before us and the informational in us, perhaps, our options sit with the knowledge of our evolved capacities and limitations.

These capabilities and boundaries set the functionality and structures of the human organism. Our cognitive capacities sit within this range, too. Thusly, the only Sin is no sin, while functional, civilized human life requires education of the mind, training of the body, and conditioning of the heart. Our evolved drives can work against this at times.

In this light, we do not need saving from an external source but require an understanding of our evolved selves and the necessity for adaptation for a modern society. In turn, this means the only path forward for soteriology is one directed on the self to save oneself and others from, well, oneself.

Drug addictions, poor hygiene habits, lack of education, poor decorum, cross-cultural insensitivity, bad nutrition, lack of clarity in writing and speech, and the like, these amount to the ‘sins’ or the wrong behaviours and psychology in most social contexts for a civilized human being.

Soteriology in this sense becomes autosoteriology founded in the natural sciences and evolving to various flavours of civilized sensibilities within the universalist ethic of individual responsibility tied to social awareness and responsibility.

With this, soteriology dies, and so with it, theology, and the freethought march of the secular continues apace with autosoteriology as a guidepost.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Sincerity And Tenderness As Affirmations Of Life

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): SocioMix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

kindness from ordinary people, one to another.

When you imagine a daily activity, tying shoes, making coffee, staring at the cat, making eye contact with a stranger, or helping a child tie their shoes, making a cup o’ joe for a loved one before they wake up, petting the cat, and asking stranger, “How are you, today?”, they strike countless times in a year.

They’re ordinary. They’re here as if presented in a banal black-and-white film from an early 20th century silent film. Nothing too much to make of them; no-person to see on the other side. A distant observer taking part in an activity for their self for one part, of the day.

That’s it.

Another lousy sunrise, even, these moments may reflect a Buddhist version of the proverbially enigmatic Enlightenment state of consciousness, but, maybe, that version has it all wrong. The colour in the film in a current moment made in reaching out to another may be the more substantial inversion of the image.

By “moments of kindness,” the intention is getting at the feeling of sincerity — you just know it — and tenderness to create an intuitive grasp of genuine connection, how ever small, with another individual, for a moment, swift.

Sincerity, in this sense, comes to mean an emotional honesty akin to the phrase “intellectual honesty.” I live for those moments. Everything is at ease, put right, by themselves. An effortfulness in the emotionality means an insincerity, even pushing the breadth of the harshness. It jars the emotions the way an intolerant sound ruining a piece of music does it.

I mean, I’m looking at my cat right now: Should I pet him, as suggest above? Maybe, at the same time, in overthinking it, I lose the sincerity of the act; its naturalness. There is a there, there; there’s a transaction, a trade, there.

And to force the act would be to enforce the moment, so as to nullify the idea of a genuine, sincere act of tenderness, the idea of sincerity and tenderness is natural actions guided by a honed instinct there when young and relearned in adulthood.

Moments as gradient transitions one into the other in harmonious action with oneself and the environment. Graduated, natural, emotionally honest acts are the basis for not only an authentic life, and a real life.

They’re some of the best moments of peace in our lives. They put us at ease. Sincerity and tenderness in our lives are just those moments when done to us, and when done by us to others. A day coming to an end in reflection of those fluttering moments sets forth an expectation the next morning, the new beginning, for a happy cyclical quality to what has happened before. `

In truth, a naturalness to our acts in life affects the quality of our mental and emotional life, and brings out the one true thing we all have in us, by being us: an affirmation of life.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

LGBTI Suicide And Institutionalized Evangelical Christian Culture

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Sociomix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

An institution comes as a formalized system of rules, of structure, guiding and hierarchically ordering the people contained within it. Christian mythology orients itself on the teachings, life, and personhood of Christ.

Insofar as these become functionally instituted and realized, modern political religion can be seen with the formulation of Evangelical Christianity. A recent development with precedence in the history of the Christian religion and in the history of religion.

Something of a political tool in order to bring out policy and reform in the favor of the religious who identify as Christian and against others who identify as another religion or who may identify as non-religious.

Where I live, there’s Trinity Western University in which the individuals who adhere to political Christianity have become truly institutionalized. They have both a “Community Covenant” and a “Statement of Faith.”

It’s a strange notion to try to have an academic institution, where an “academic” institution should remain bound to the open boundaries of the free inquiry mandate of academic or intellectual life while having a constrained account as to what implies an academically free life.

If we take some of the ideas of freedom vis-à-vis academic free inquiry of ideas, then even the notion of a restriction of free inquiry becomes an assault on the very foundations of an academic tradition spanning centuries.

Yet, at the same time, we come to the fact of the Evangelical Christian tradition imposing ideological constraints on that which can be thought and the manner in which those thoughts may be expressed within the context of community.

In this manner, any religious institution cannot embody the most important facet of higher learning emergent in the formulation of a fully critical mind rather than a constrained critical mind; constrained by the fact of religious dogma, this dogma restricted to the formulation of critical thought with the end result of the favorable consideration of the dogmas of the Christian religion, so as to denude the possibility of a truly critical mind.

This is the infection of faith in academic life and it remains a stain since its continued entrenchment in the hallowed halls of academe. It comes to community life too, this poison. LGBTI members of the community, who I have known, and will not claim status as one or not, personally, have been exclusively demonized in the theology of the institutions.

They have come from families in which the Christian religion is a tool of oppression, hate, and transcendent self-loathing for these individuals. Nothing is wrong with them; everything is wrong with the theology towards these individuals.

An imperious and petulant formulation of the theology as a political and social tool to crush dissent with minorities as a prime target, including the LGBTI community. Individuals who are bullied, harassed, rejected from the community, and made inherently by their nature part of the result of a sin-ridden world, will more likely self-harm or kill themselves.

This is not due to the Devil, to demons, to spiritual forces as in a spiritual battle, and the like. This is, by and large, due to the manner in which religious ideology continues to influence popular discourse to the detriment of vulnerable members of our communities and families.

The Evangelical communities before us have, generally, done a terrible job and performed a terrible disservice to the LGBTI communities. These youth, undergraduates and the like, are more likely to self-harm and commit suicide due to these violent ideologies — aggression against the self.

So, I implore: Why is this the case? Why does this have to happen? What makes these communities so holy when they commit such sins in the sight of God Himself so as to create an environment so toxic to their youth as to make them want to harm themselves, even kill themselves?

What is justice in this injustice? What is compassion in this dispassion towards the least among you? Where is the sense of commitment to the care and concern and love for those who should be image-bearers of God Himself?

This Community Covenant and Statement of Faith make clear; your nature, as LGBTI peoples, goes against the values and standards of this community of Christ. Institutionalized Evangelical Christianity remains an integral terror on the hearts of the young and, in fact, a burden on our social and medical systems due to the mental health anguish delivered to their young, our country’s wider young.

It is despicable and should not only not even be on the books; it can be said to be anti-biblical, as the covenants set forth by their God should suffice, “No?” It would seem to stipulate that God requires help from the mortal and, thus, proclaiming some usurpation of the rights and powers of God, as if a human institution knows better than God Himself.

In this, it’s quite clear. It’s not only another covenant. It becomes a form of blasphemy in violation of the revelations and powers of God. Why the need to constrict the free choice of mortal beings, undergraduate students and graduate students, in so close a domain as the intimate, as love?

One would surmise the purposes as one of control in which the individuals who might stand up and speak out against these absurd practices would be shut down by the institution as a whole, whether by a snitch culture through other students or via a culture lead by faculty, staff, and administration, who adhere to the letter of the law of the Community Covenant and the Statement of Faith.

In short, it turns legitimate religious or spiritual sentiments, turns them on their heads, and then makes an enforceable formulation of virtue and vice, as in an authoritarian formulation of the Christian faith, and institutionalized Evangelical Christianity.

LGBTI students, as evidence from Egale and others shows, are at higher risk of self-harm and suicide due to social stigma, discrimination, prejudice, and the like. Institutions with these kinds of cultures set a standard of harm to their student bases and should stop.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Mortal Seity To Divine Aseity: Or, Union In A Life Of Communion, To Become As God, Not To Become God

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Sociomix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

As a skeleton for some of the previous focus on the term Christian Humanism comes the idea of “Incarnational Humanism” too (Gibson, 2011),[1] most formally identified humanists come as atheists or agnostics (Humanists International, n.d.).[2] In most personal experience, this means 90% or more of them.

In fact, in one national group’s internal member survey, this showed in the demographics of the membership. Often, there can be an accidental — sometimes, a deliberate — repurposing of the term “Humanism” to me capital “A-” forms of “Atheism,” as some capitalized abstract intended as a synonym with Humanism (American Humanist Association, n.d.).

This seems like the implied equivalent arguments: If Atheism, then Humanism; Atheism; therefore, Humanism. If Humanism, then Atheism; Humanism; therefore, Atheism. Neither of these makes sense to me, especially statistically based on known demographics internal to the humanist communities, not even in this hemisphere.

Any synonymizing of the terms becomes invalid, and, indeed, unsound. Even simply as an empirical matter, the evidence doesn’t stack with the claims. Of the 10% of humanists, or less, who do not identify with atheism or agnosticism in a formal sense, as a declarative statement of personal identity, “I am an atheist,” or, “I am an agnostic.”

Far more terms extant, however, I want to leave those to further exploration at a later time in the discussion. For those who wish for something akin to a religious humanist outlook, then we live in Canadian society with the freedom of belief and freedom of religion (Charter of Rights and Freedoms[3]), bound within the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[4] with the similar or the same stipulations, these could provide a path for individuals with a sensibility towards the existentialist, against the zetetic[5] or extreme skeptic, away from fundamentalist traditional dogmas and doctrines and hierarchies, and towards the ‘spiritual’ inasmuch as this can be defined in more precise terms apart from New Age (Melton, 2016) co-opting of the term, which has been termed “newage”[6] to rhyme with “sewage” before.

Now, when it comes to the two terms, “Incarnational” and “Humanism,” comprising the idea “Incarnational Humanism,” this will have some overlap with some of the above, while not linked in a direct manner to the formal institutional Humanism seen today with the various organizations bearing the cattle-like branding.

Perhaps, this can give the first portions of it. The pre-Christian or the pagan[7] sense of the terms of incarnation(al) and humanism. These can have specific meanings too. There is a sense of pre-Christian as a neutral term if meaning pagan, so Christian Humanism was meant as a sort of post-Pagan Humanism.

In a similar manner, there is the idea of the declining Christian West and an inclining secular West. Both relate to these ideas of a pagan revival in a sense coinciding or xo-extant with the decline of the Christian religion.

Some speak to becoming more human, as in “fully human” in terms of Incarnational Humanism.[8] If we work within this framework of Plato’s Allegory of the Cave[9] and Christianity, then the idea of becoming, of being in transition, of working towards, etc., seem like apt phrasings.

One identifies the ideal who became “fully human” in Christ as recounted in the Gospels with God, the Creator, and Sustainer of all things, with the ‘descent’ of God into human form.

Then this makes the central targeted objective in the totality of one’s being, one’s life, to become more like Christ, to be in the transition towards a more Christ-like state, or to be working towards an existence more akin to Jesus — the only fully human being.

We’re all partially human in contrast to this metric and in flux, either moving closer to or farther away from the example of Jesus. To the Allegory of the Cave, we became more Christ-like by being unshackled shaken, and turned to the light of Christ’s truth of the teaching, life, and personhood.

In this sense, Christian Humanism or Incarnational Humanism is a different formulation of the idea of Christianity as a manner in which to actualize one’s true nature in alignment with the divine nature of God.

One is not God; one is as God, moment-by-moment.

References

[Trinity Western University]. (2014). What is a liberal arts education? — Calvin Townsend, MCS. Retrieved from https://vimeo.com/93433427.

American Humanist Association. (n.d.). Humanist Common Ground: Atheism. Retrieved from https://americanhumanist.org/paths/atheism/.

Buttrey, M. (2013, Fall). Incarnational Humanism: A Philosophy of Culture for the Church in the World. Retrieved from https://uwaterloo.ca/grebel/publications/conrad-grebel-review/issues/fall-2013/incarnational-humanism-philosophy-culture-church-world.

Cohen, S.M. (2005, July 24). The Allegory of the Cave. Retrieved from https://faculty.washington.edu/smcohen/320/cave.htm.

Government of Canada. (1982). Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Retrieved from https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const/page-15.html.

Humanists International. (n.d.). What is humanism?. Retrieved from https://humanists.international/what-is-humanism/.

Gibson, D. (2011, December 29). The doctrine of the Incarnation. Retrieved from https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/doctrine-incarnation.

Jacobsen, S.D. (2017, February 15). An Interview with James Randi (Part Three). Retrieved from https://in-sightjournal.com/2017/02/15/an-interview-with-james-randi-part-three/.

Melton, J. G. (2016, April 7). New Age movement. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/New-Age-movement.

RationalWiki. (2020, March 1). Zetetic. Retrieved from https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Zetetic.

United Nations. (1948, December 10). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/.

[1] The terminology seems most directly considered and laid out via DDr. Jens Zimmermann. Zimmermann explores some of the contextualizations of Humanism within the context of Incarnational Humanism as a philosophy of culture, i.e., a Christian humanistic philosophy of culture or “a spirited defense of classical Christian theology as the best ground for a humanist philosophy of culture.” Duly note, this philosophy comes as a minority orientation within the humanistic orientation because the vast majority of humanist organizations harbor atheists or agnostics, not Christians. Thusly, one frame, among many, could see Incarnational Humanism as a Christian humanist philosophy of culture, Christian Humanism, or as an individuated development of Religious Humanism in general. See Buttrey (2013).

[2] “What is Humanism?” states:

Humanism is a democratic and ethical life stance that affirms that human beings have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape to their own lives. Humanism stands for the building of a more humane society through an ethics based on human and other natural values in a spirit of reason and free inquiry through human capabilities. Humanism is not theistic, and it does not accept supernatural views of reality.

Humanists International. (n.d.). What is humanism?. Retrieved from https://humanists.international/what-is-humanism/.

[3] The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms remains part of the Constitution of Canada, while a recent construction under the Rt. Hon. Pierre Trudeau circa 1982. Its fundamental stipulations on religion and belief in Article 2 state:

2. Everyone has the following fundamental freedoms:

(a) freedom of conscience and religion;

(b) freedom of thought, belief, opinion, and expression, including freedom of the press and other media of communication;

© freedom of peaceful assembly; and

(d) freedom of association.

Government of Canada. (1982). Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Retrieved from https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const/page-15.html.

[4] Akin to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from December 10, 1948, in Article 18 states:

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance.

United Nations. (1948, December 10). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/.

[5] See RationalWiki (2020).

[6] See Jacobsen (2017).

[7] “Pagan” means “pre-Christian” in this context rather than co-existent non-Christian. Pagan, in this sense, means before the era of the formal Christian religion seen within the Roman Empire.

[8] See Trinity Western University (2014).

[9] See Cohen, S.M. (2005, July 24). The Allegory of the Cave. Retrieved from https://faculty.washington.edu/smcohen/320/cave.htm.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Soliloquoy On A Micro-Monologue – To Hatch Plans Without Eggs

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Sociomix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

I live in a National Historic Site of Canada called Fort Langley, British Columbia, Canada. I work for the local board of the community association here, magazines (e.g., a wedding magazine as the ‘Guy-in-Residence’), blogs, and newspapers, a restaurant (where I get burned and cut), and gardening-landscaping (where I only get cut, lucky me).

I find the intellectual jobs more fulfilling as I am able to listen to music while I write rather than simply working and trudging along in some boring manner. Nonetheless, they reflect some commonalities of patterns of activity.

In the one, I am simply motioning with my arms and body as a whole to bring about some changes to the physical environment in mostly pointless capacities. For some, it’s making the dishes clean; in others, it’s making a garden tot for the season, ready for viewing, aesthetic.

I volunteer in different local and national educational efforts. Typically, education on human rights and science. I have a school in Uganda with my namesake, as I fund some of it, directly, or help with applications of funding for it, indirectly, where probably about 100, or a little fewer, elementary school children get a humanistic or Humanist education, extremely unusual in their area.

I was raised by near-retired or retired women most of my life in the community; I would probably be on the streets without them. I owe my life to these people. However I may neglect this or they may not know it entirely, I do.

My life, my form of mind, my sensibilities, my emotional development come from through, as a reflection of them. In some sense, I am an aged woman in mentality while a man in body, and a male in sex. I’m not an old woman; I’m an old lady.

Much of my quarantine time has been taken up with internships like this or writing on a variety of subject matter, one of those is the topic of human rights and philosophy. I have been doing plenty of interviews and some reading too.

While, I listen to much Classical Music, so-called, for the mere purposes of enjoyment, as shown in Bach, Vivaldi, or Corelli, while abhorring Telemann or other clunkers. One of the texts of continual amusement, for me, has been H.L. Mencken’s “In Defense of Women.” Here’s the opening quote:

A man’s women folk, whatever their outward show of respect for his merit and authority, always regard him secretly as an ass, and with something akin to pity. His most gaudy sayings and doings seldom deceive them; they see the actual man within and know him for a shallow and pathetic fellow.

In this fact, perhaps, lies one of the best proofs of feminine intelligence, or, as the common phrase makes it, feminine intuition. The mark of that so-called intuition is simply a sharp and accurate perception of reality, a habitual immunity to emotional enchantment, a relentless capacity for distinguishing clearly between the appearance and the substance.

The appearance, in the normal family circle, is a hero, magnifico, a demigod. The substance is a poor mountebank… She may envy her husband, true enough, certain of his more soothing prerogatives and sentimentalities. She may envy him his masculine liberty of movement and occupation, his impenetrable complacency, his peasant-like delight in petty vices, his capacity for hiding the harsh face of reality behind the cloak of romanticism, his general innocence, and childishness.

But she never envies him his puerile ego; she never envies him his shoddy and preposterous soul. This shrewd perception of masculine bombast and make-believe, this acute understanding of man as the eternal tragic comedian, is at the bottom of that compassionate irony which paces under the name of the maternal instinct.

A woman wishes to mother a man simply because she sees into his helplessness, his need for an amiable environment, his touching self-delusion. That ironic note is not only daily apparent in real life; it sets the whole tone of feminine fiction. The woman novelist, if she is skillful enough to arise out of mere imitation into genuine self-expression, never takes her heroes quite seriously.

I find him enormously funny, witty, and enjoyable to read, a superior writer. Someone who I take great joy in reading and imbibing to certain degrees. It is these sorts of things that take my time and take me away into the world of mind while away from the world.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

What is the Transcendent?

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Sociomix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

The Transcendent claims some otherworldly status to significant portions of the human species. Something of a sense of the beyond the external, trans-external. By external, I would merely posit the evident, as in the evidence given by the senses to primitive peoples; the evidence of the sciences provided in centuries prior in its clunky manifestations; and, the modern sciences with more robust methodologies or operations, and sensory-enhancing tools, to come to ideas about the world.

In all, this “external” means an external to the cogito of the individual; the most essential part of the person as the core of the soul, as such, eventuating as in an evolved armature, material framework, for its potential to manifest outwards.

The soul, as the cogito, is the true internal, natural self, as in the knowingness of the self and the existing self: knowing that you know, and knowing that you exist as a being in the world. There is a fundamental distinction between these two while part of the unicity of reality, its unique unitary property.

When speaking of the Transcendent, two ideas come to the fore of the conversation. One of these is in the formulation of the transcendent beyond the previously defined external. Another aspect is the formulation of the transcendent as an extended external, as part and parcel of the external given before.

In the former, a sense of the ways in which the internal self connects to the external in an ordinary sense, as in the five senses. While, at the same time, a sort of extension into a transcendent realm with hidden powers, marvels, and beings.

Yet, quite necessarily, these are unnecessary constructs. The Transcendent, in this former sense, represents something of the mind, as, when tested in a modern stringent scientific sense, something outside of the bounds of the reasons given the normal externally.

In the latter, somehow, the external becomes something of the superphysical. In that, there is some beyond the world evident to the senses, even accessible to the experience of the senses in principle because of the nature of the “transcendent.”

The “latter” can tend to come with definitions of the supermaterial powers of individuals. In the light of these reflections of the Transcendent, one can find philosophical notions of a transcendent being, while, at other times, a process of a superphysical reality connecting all as a medium by which supernatural powers are claimed.

Whether the sense of some far beyond “being,” or a literal transcendent being, or human beings with supernormal capacities bleeding into the supernatural, the prime focus should be on two things. One, that which is self-evident; two, that which is evident.

To the self-evident, human beings exist to themselves individually, as beings who know that they exist and know that they know. There is a knowledge of self-existence and a recursive knowingness, as in knowing that one has the capacity to know without or with regard to having knowledge in the first place.

Beyond these, the probabilistic become the centerpiece, as in knowledge of Existence amounts to a statistical affair past the sole cogito. Which is to say, the senses as an extension into the natural world of the cogito, itself.

To speak of the Transcendent beyond these domains outside of mathematical principles or established scientific truths, one is in the position of a person explaining the dimensionality of something in mind rather than in the world, where those lines in the mind do not have an independent existence from the mind and, thus, exhibit no dimensionality and so comprise no space and no time as in the mind; whereas, that which exhibits an existence in this external existence from the cogito, generated independent of it, comprise true dimensionality, so finitude.

These in mind dimensions, rather ‘dimensions,’ exhibit dimensionality and spatiality in mind, while, since of the mind, comprise no real space and so no real dimension, thusly exhibiting neither infinitude nor finitude of dimensionality, but only nothingness.

While the Transcendent claims exhibit this in-mindedness, similarly, once removed from the canvas of the mind, they no longer exist, while forever exhibiting no properties as the dimensionality of mind exhibits neither finitude nor infinitude.

In this manner, the Transcendent is neither finite nor infinite, but a word claimed for something in the trans-external, the extended external, or even of the mind, while simply and purely being of the mind and then derived as truly nothing.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Notes On “Letter On Humanism” In Correspondence With A Christian Humanist

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Sociomix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

When I made God a cherub, you put me in prison. Now, if I make him a grown man, you will do me even worse — Leonardo Da Vinci, when the charge of sodomy became definitively not guilty

And yet they want to comprehend the mind of God, talking about it as though they had already dissected it into parts. Still, they remain unaware of their own bodies, of the realities of their surroundings, and even unaware of their own stupidity. — Leonardo Da Vinci

I was working on some writing, and then a Christian professor friend, who remains a controversial figure within the Christian circles for him, recommended Heidegger’s Letter on Humanism. I took some of today to read the entirety of the text and comment on it.

In the following, as I continue to grow in friendship with this individual, I followed through with reading and commentary on relevant points within the text by Heidegger.

Someone nuanced and active in the life of the mind. A Christian humanist or a Nietzschean humanist of sorts, where Christian Humanism does not rely on the necessary divinity of Christ as given by either the Immaculate Conception (virgin birth) or the Resurrection after the sacrifice at the Cross.

In some sense, one could count as an outright atheist, from the view of literalist Protestant Christians, with the rejection of the Immaculate Conception and the Resurrection, while adhering to a form of Christian Humanism as one aiming to become and live a life as Christ exemplified symbolically and literarily given in the Gospels.

Henceforth comes the comments with additions for smoother transitions and some other orientations or framing for consideration, please, some amusing and others serious with block quotations as the quotes from the letter by Heidegger:

But whence and how is the essence of the human being determined? Marx demands that “the human being’s humanity” be recognized and acknowledged. He finds it in “society.” The “social” human is for him the “natural” human. In “society” human “nature,” that is, the totality of “natural needs” (food, clothing, reproduction, economic sufficiency), is equably secured. The Christian sees the humanity of man, the humanitas of homo, in contradistinction to Deitas.

Some who are “secular humanists” as truly Marxist humanists or Marxian humanists can be interpreted from this, and likely true. Some have seen African humanist stances as within ancient philosophical stances of African peoples.

In some African philosophical stances, for example, Ubuntu or Unhu, the individual self can only be recognized within the context of the social self. In this, the social self is the foundation stone for the individual self.

A more whole manner of conceiving of the individual, as an extended self and coming to fruition in (healthy) relations in a communal sense.

One could extend this as a bidirectional relationship of the individual self, the sole organism, and the interpersonal self, so a bidirectional relation of the personal self and the inter-personal self as one dynamic unit while individuated, clearly.

A Marxist dictum as a half-truth, as fully natural and only half of the natural; wherein, the social equates to the natural and the individual equates to the natural, while both in inter-dependency become something more, so “only half of the natural” becomes only true in the asserted independence of either.

By way of contrast, Sartre expresses the basic tenet of existentialism in this way: Existence precedes essence. In this statement he is taking existentia and essentia according to their metaphysical meaning, which from Plato’s time on has said that essentia precedes existentia. Sartre reverses this statement. But the reversal of a metaphysical statement remains a metaphysical statement. With it he stays with metaphysics in oblivion of the truth of being.

No statement from him on an inversion of a metaphysical statement, as such, so a metaphysical universalization.

Still unsure, however, in this manner, it may negate the presumed separation between the physical and the metaphysical — move beyond them through a process of inversion — rather than merely moving from one metaphysical statement to another metaphysical statement, reversed or not.

Something analogous to the existence of something is the essence of something, and contrariwise, instead of asking which precedes which, seeing one as the mirror image of the other in a duality of themselves while unified without necessary recourse to temporality to sort the ordering of “essence preceding existence” versus “existence preceding essence,” or essentia preceding existentia versus existentia preceding essentia — thus moving past these arguments altogether to a more complete plane.

The human being is rather “thrown” by being itself into the truth of being…

That’s a funny line. Just imagining someone hurtling towards the truth of being unwillingly in clothing labeled Acme Co. Maybe, a “Born to Lose” tattoo with “throwings” in German scrawled beneath it.

“Being” — that is not God and not a cosmic ground. Being is essentially” farther than all beings and is yet nearer to the human being than every being, be it a rock, a beast, a work of art, a machine, be it an angel or God. Being is the nearest. Yet the near remains farthest from the human being. Human beings at first cling always and only to being. But when thinking represents beings as beings it no doubt relates itself to being. In truth, however, it always thinks only of beings as such; precisely not, and never, being as such. The “question of being” always remains a question about beings.

Took him long enough, being seems like a dynamic manner of that which is stipulated statically as “existence” or something stretching infinitely inward and outward. I like his emphasis on being itself as a focus on beings themselves. Being is; questions of being pertain to beings because beings comprise being themselves.

Yet, the distinction seems muddled and the wording unclear in some manner as to that which is in regards to the “be-” of “being,” as has been stated before about Heideggerian philosophy altogether.

We usually think of language as corresponding to the essence of the human being represented as animal rationale, that is, as the unity of body-soul-spirit.

The unity of body-soul-spirit seems almost redundant on a number of levels. All seem like one, where the soul and the spirit can collapse into one, and, in some definitions, the body and the soul become one and the same with the former as part of the latter.

His emphasis on language as the “house of being,” which is “propriated by being and pervaded by being” would seem friendly to John 1:1 advocates, as in the essence of the human being in language.

Do not tell some branches of Christians that “being,” as such, is “not God.” If language is a house of being, then the house may be confined to categorical human cognition ‘house’ while the being is both the farthest and nearest of it, too.

Human beings belonging to the truth of being, as guardians of it, seems both correct and incorrect. Correct in the propriation of language, of human beings, by being to represent the truth of being.

While truth meaning “actuality” or “the fact of the matter,” being will — ahem — be, regardless, whether human beings and language are propriated by being Itself, or not.

His commentary of Sartre cites the title of “Existentialism Is a Humanism,” which means existentialism is not only Humanism or the only Humanism according to Sartre. His correction of Sartre seems valid, nonetheless, on “principally being.”

We can, as before, continue on the lines about inversion on metaphysical statements, where some statement A equals some statement B, where this becomes A=B and the reversal becomes B=A, i.e., whether A=B or B=A, a difference in the presentation of the same formulation becomes the same. This means a reverse, not an inverse.

Heidegger points to metaphysical statements as metaphysical in either order. I agree with him. However, if a potentially novel process, as I read him, I will denominate or name an operation “Universal Metaphysical Inversalization,” not Objective but “Universal” as in possibly incomplete with room for exceptions.

This process would be an inversion of metaphysical statements in such a manner so as to yield metaphysical reality truly as a ‘physical’ reality, even statistically so if this can be correlated strongly or principally with some physical reality.

It would not delete the ‘magic’ or power of the former metaphysical statement, but, rather, ‘physicalize’ the formally metaphysical, whether absolutely in its totality or probabilistically to the point of asymptotic certainty.

Any prior metaphysical with ‘physical’ (needs to be redefined and extended) status now, as in the ancients thinking the water was the ground of being (Thales). We know water is two parts Hydrogen and one part Oxygen, where the previously metaphysical becomes the ‘physical’ in countless cases in recorded history or simply manifest as evidence-less (so neither metaphysical nor physical, but non-existent).

This is not a process of reversing metaphysical statements. It is a formal operation with incompleteness, room for exceptions, while universal in application, as a formal process for ‘physicalizing’ the metaphysical — to bring ‘heaven’ to Earth, perhaps another title could be “De-Divinization.”

So, the that which is beyond moves to the that which is, absolutely in its totality or probabilistically to the point of asymptotic certainty. In this, the entire concept of being implies a certain process metaphysics as if some undivided base, but, seems, principally, two properties, on the face as one, and then reified into an infinite singular.

Where it’s both to exist and existing, or existence and time in existence, for being Itself, this can be divided properly, as things that are the veracious, into existence, as opposed to non-existence, and temporality, as opposed to a-temporality or non-temporality.

An existence can simply be, but cannot be be-ing, as such, because be-ing implies process, dynamics, so a time-sense for the process, for dynamics, of existence itself.

That is, an inescapable fact of “being,” as such, as both existence, principally, as the “be-,” and temporality, derivatively, as the “-ing,” from which human beings, language or the house of being, arise in order to provide something for being to propriate for guardians of Itself, or being.

Insofar as existence and temporality present themselves, we come to the reversal of the known universe or existence as providing the basis for not simply knowledge of hypothetical non-existence and a-temporality, but informed non-existence and a-temporality by simply parsing actual existence and actual temporality, as they are in themselves, to define their antitheses, or to become proper products of Universal Metaphysical Inversalization.

I would consider this neither philosophical “Being” nor philosophical “Time,” but a manner to derive natural philosophical “Existence” and natural philosophical “Temporality” out of previously considered metaphysical “being, Itself.”

Those with principles of existence or ‘Laws of Nature’ as correlates to either, e.g., the Second Law of Thermodynamics for the Arrow of Time, as in actual temporality.

Similarly, the idea of the appropriation by being for human beings and language may be processable through the same operation to come to current scientific metanarratives and narratives inclusive of ‘neural correlates of consciousness,’ so-called, but empirics, nonetheless.

Thus, the infinitude of being becomes probably a massive finite giving the apparency of infinity to human beings or the guardians of the truth of being, or those with property agency to speak to the truth of existence and temporality. These become more concretized, grounded, everyday formulations of the metaphysical, the far-out philosophical.

But the holy, which alone is the essential sphere of divinity, which in turn alone affords a dimension for the gods and for God, comes to radiate only when being itself beforehand and after extensive preparation has been cleared and is experienced in its truth.

This is like a long anti-theological theology exposition. It reads as if providing an explanation of the divine or transcendent while negating the common notions of gods or God, where being precedes the gods or God while proposed as a source of the Transcendent and the Immanent.

Homelessness so understood consists in the abandonment of beings by being. Homelessness is the symptom of oblivion of being.

This would be a great political party platform, as well as make as much sense outside of metaphysical context as some party platforms.

Heidegger repeatedly claims metaphysical status to that which does not necessarily have to embody such a status. In that, the claimed metaphysical can be merely the asserted metaphysical, a category error.

Love this quote on nationalism and internationalism:

Every nationalism is metaphysically an anthropologism, and as such subjectivism. Nationalism is not overcome through mere internationalism; it is rather expanded and elevated thereby into a system. Nationalism is as little brought and raised to humanitas by internationalism as individualism is by an ahistorical collectivism. The latter is the subjectivity of human beings in totality. It completes subjectivity’s unconditioned self-assertion, which refuses to yield.

It’s beautifully phrased. I would merely simplify the structure to existence and temporality implying a dynamic object or process-object called reality and then agency in reality as the subjectivity within or evolved from the process-object for process-subjects or subjectivity, or agency out of existence and temporality.

I wouldn’t agree with the characterization of human nature as a rational animal, though correct on the “animal” part. Both Sartre and Heidegger with the former questioning the foundations of Humanism as meaning something and the latter proclaiming a sense of a metaphysical implied within the terminological meaning and history or in the query of the former seems to miss the sauce of the pasta.

Human nature can extend infra-rationally/non-rationally (not irrationally), inter-rationally, and super-rationally in regards to its animal nature, or instinctively and emotionally, between itself and others, and in various ideas, respectively, about reality (existence and temporality) or ‘being’ without recourse to the realm of the Transcendent, as in not subject to the limitations of the material universe.

Because the brain, as the evolved construct delivering the mind, proceeds in such a manner to have an organ, organized matter through time, producing a ‘language of being’ with the language constrained by or subject to the restraints of reality, processed through reality, and principally about reality or abstracted in an Imaginarium from the bases of reality, where even the apparent transcendental thinking remains constrained by the universal statistical principles of existence or Laws of Nature which produced a finite organic extension such as the brain in processes of evolutionary selectivity over deep time.

A cognition constrained by, mentation within, computation about, and thinking abstracted from, reality, Itself, including failures of accurate mapping or coupling of thinking to reality, which happen all the time.

Following from agency within reality, and with ethics — literally, not metaphorically — defined as actions in the world, ethics seems to follow naturally from it. In that, agency, or beings with awareness, in the universe, by the nature of their existence and their existence through time imply a morality, where the entirety of their nature, their souls in a true sense, manifest their ethics or morality, whether they are aware of such ethics or morality, or not.

Ethics is an inevitable co-extensive production or byproduct of agency in existence and temporality.

With temporality meaning successive moments of existence, this couples both agency, existence, and temporality, to the consequentialist stream of ethics because ethics/morality as actions in the world, mentation or (inclusive) action, implies sequences of moments with actions over time in them bound to an agency, as noted, whether cognizant or not of the comprehensive structural embedment of ethics/morality in agency acted out in existence over time.

Thus, nihilism, as an ideological stance, only makes sense in existence of time and existence, Itself, without agents, as agency implies and derivates ethics/morality by the fact of their being, as operators in existence through time.

To ask, “Is there ethics?”, implies an agency, this negates nihilism in asking the question. Therefore, the question isn’t, “Is there an ethic or a morality, or not?” The question is, “What ethic or morality?”

Heidegger seems entirely wrong on this point, as Heidegger points out the incorrect view of Sartre. So, am I claiming Heidegger and Sartre are wrong? Yes, I think thoroughly and demonstrably wrong in both cases, by definition.

Thus, a transcendent or supersensible being either collapses to a mundane or sensible being, a universally metaphysically inversalized ordinary extended physical, or rather natural-informational, being, or both, negating the idea of a ‘more clear transcendent’ or “supersensible being” in the end implying the “highest being in the sense of the first cause of all things.”

I love the analogy or imagery of Heraclitus at the stove. I suppose this could be made about the ‘warmth’ of many popular users of philosophy. So, he does take some sweet time to explain being (and time) in a philosophical or metaphysical definition, the beings in being, the language or house of being as that which is propriated by being, and then thinking as building on the house of being as the jointure of being or the union of being with the truth of being.

He is tapping into a certain intelligibility criterion. The optically substantive nature of Being is asserted as requiring beings or understanding it through intelligibility somehow. However, quite obviously, existence and essence seem as if one and the same to me.

So, this form of argument makes little sense. I would only buy original truth if taken as the light behind the blackened orb which science pokes holes in to reveal the Real or Reality. I would argue you can take original truth as not a priori and so a proposition or a correspondence basis of truth.

Thinking does not seem to surpass all praxis as thinking is a sort of motion without motion and highly constrained by much praxis. I love his statement of the laws of logic as grounded on the laws of being; however, once more, I would argue this as an apparently precise and inadequate language to the nobleman’s personal task or game.

Where, principles of existence lead to the Laws of Nature, of which we, in fact, have a language, as Galileo Galileo reminded us, with the language of nature written in the language of mathematics, where this taps nicely into the lack of absoluteness of knowledge.

Is this truly a critique of Humanism? Not really, it’s more a critique of Existentialism, hence a critique of Sartre, while exhibiting the errors of his ways, in turn.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Neither L’existence Précède L’essence Nor Essentia Precedes Existentia, But Both

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Sociomix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

To Sartre, existence precedes essence; to Heidegger, essence precedes existence. Both fundamental stipulations of philosophical systems, or sets of systems, in which the ancients and the moderns pit themselves in locked horns.

The Essentia Set or the Essence Set as the prime set of historical philosophy; the L’existence Set or the Existence Set as the prime set of modernist philosophy. The Essence Set as the superset dedicated to the search and argument for the essence of being.

The Existence Set as the superset devoted to the examination and discourse on the existence of being. In either case, the logical orientation of one in relation to the other creates a sense of time or a necessitation of temporality for completion of a set, as such.

In this, the Existence Set characterized, properly, as existence precedes essence. Where the existence of an object or a subject comes before its essence. In some existentialist philosophy, we can consider this a formulation of self-creation, not because of but, in spite of the environment in which one finds oneself.

For the Essence Set, the appropriately staged as essence precedes existence. Where the essence of an object or subject pre-exists its actual existence. This becomes the basis of the separation between essence and existence, or existence and essence, in either formulation.

The existence of something comprises its actuality in reality, as in something being in the world rather than not being in the world. This being in the world comes as an antipode to not being in the world.

Not to be in reality comprises non-existence, while to be in the world comprises existence, in a philosophical sense, a traditional sense, these become, indeed, binary propositions about objects and subjects in existence and existence, Itself.

In that, the philosophical systems on offer provide a sense of the absolute in a reality of the philosophical or a discourse of the thought out rather than the thought out and tested against experience.

Existence does seem profound as if the only thing mattering in a world of sense, spite, and the Sun. Something mysterious in its evident-ness, though evident to the self as the self is self-evident to oneself.

This explains the power and profundity proposed by existentialist school philosophers about existence coming first. The existence of something present before the self and then the self makes an essence or nature out of the existence.

The existential becomes a means by which to create an essence out of existence, hence “existence precedes essence,” as in an essence comes out of the creative possibility manifold of the existent. If nothing existed, what essence to create?

This is the legacy of existentialism. In turn, the essentialists, who propose the primary stature of the essence, invert this or proposed this first, and then those who came later, e.g., existentialists, reversed the proposition to existence first and essence second.

The essentialists proposing something of human nature beyond the existent, as in the essence exists in some pre-existent capacity or comes as a constraint, as nature, binding the possibilities of an object or a subject to materially operate in such a manner or to act in such a manner, respectively.

The essence could come as a platonic Idea or the nature of the subject, or object. To make matters complex, these become dividers when connected in terms of the chicken or the egg of the matter. Which came first, essence or existence?

This explains the dictums of existence precedes essence and essence precedes existence. It comes as a matter of one or the other, and never the twain. Yet, either twangs the mind in an awkward inorganic sound, something ugly in the first and in the second.

Some principle of the ugly pervades either belying particular incorrectness of concept and principle or in formulations seen in both. The existence of something without an essence would seem to tell the tale of the Materialists.

While the essence of something without an existence would seem to explain the stories of the Spiritualists. Why one without the other? Why one preceding the other? As in, a temporality of sense hidden in the dictums; that which explains the problem and provides a more comprehensive solution to either.

In that, the essence of something amounts to its nature. Something seemingly incorporeal, other, created without the actuality of an existent thing as out there in some multi-infinite realm outside of the singular finite unicity of the universe.

The existence of something may reflect an essence or contain an essence, but the essence exists outside of the existence of something as if accessed distal from the actual. Mathematical objects and operators may have some essence prior to actual existence in the universe.

In this manner, the essence of something in the universe exhibits or contains the essence without itself being the fully existent thing. It is the difference between human and human nature.

What I deem incorrect and correct in both comes in the fact of existence, the actuality of an object or a subject, or both as seen in reality, exhibits its deepest essence.

Which is to state, the existence of something — its actualization — is its essence, as in the self-existence and contingent existence of an object or a subject, in reality, comprises both its existence and its essence, simultaneously, where the property of existence Itself is its essence, in which the fundamental essence of the existent object or the existent subject is defined by both their existence (and their self-existence).

Every existent subject — which becomes redundant, so “every existent subject” as “every subject” — because its essence is its existence means by be-ing­, as in existence and existence through time, exhibits its essence, while even a singular moment finite object universe with a ‘frozen’ subject embedded within it; this, too, exhibits an essence as existence and essence as existence, as the exhibited essence of the singular moment finite object universe and the finite subject of the universe is existence while differentiated from one another in the form of existence.

To this manner of thought, the essence defined the nature of the ‘spirit’ of the objects and the subjects found in the set of all possible realities equates to the existence, in which the essence comes into being as existence, as a complete sufficiency of identity and actuality.

The object universe and the subject in the universe comprise reality, where both exist and self-exist apart from the non-existent; wherein, their sufficiency of differentiation become self-existent properties as individuated ‘islands’ with the subjects built as smaller ‘islands’ in the objects, as particulate synergies of objects with the agency, comprises something self-existent in a manner and form conceived as separate, individuated, while associated in the weave of existence.

Back to essence precedes existence and existence precedes essence, to Sartre’s notion of transcendence, this becomes palpably absurd, as the nature grown over time constrains the possibilities of the human being while the range of degrees of freedom for the human being provides a modicum of ‘transcendence’ more properly deemed actualization, entirely natural.

Thus, existence does not precede essence, while essence does not precede existence. The idea of an essence independent of the actual appears palpably absurd, as this remains an interpretation, in which the interpretation means qualitative differences on existence, where existence may exhibit properties and not essences.

Some claim as the only essence as to exist and existence itself containing this ‘essence,’ so denuding the potential for a distinction between the two, while in existence the fact of agency implies a particular subject or set of subjects within the dynamic object universe.

Where, the Existence Set and the Essence Set collapse one into the other, and become the Existence Set inclusive of the necessary Essence Set and exclusive of the unnecessary members of the Essence Set, the extra-natural.

Existence exists as a union of essence and existence, while the previously considered ‘essence’ set apart from the spiritual or the supernatural can be considered properties, which would mean objective, repeatedly verifiable distinct properties of the dynamic object universe, including the properties of mass, energy, and gravitation, and so on, the properties as principles derived therefrom, where these become known to agents (“scientists”) in the dynamic object universe while existing in spite of the discovery or not.

Within this set of properties, some dynamic object universes can derive dynamic subjective objects within the same dynamic object universe in which truly no differentiation exists except in the fact of the subjectivity of the subject in the larger object, as in our own universe.

Primary properties of existence comprise the properties discovered through later methodologies for the approximation to the facts of existence with the scientific method, hypothetico-deductivism as the means by which to accumulate the evidence and derivate principles of existence as the distinct properties and principles of existence as Primary Properties.

Secondary properties exist due to dynamic subjective objects in the universe in relation to the dynamic object universe in which the dynamic subjective objects or agents perceive and conceive the dynamic objective universe to realize Primary Properties in mind or the individual properties or the qualitative distinctions of agency in reality.

For example, “a happy Sunday,” “a holy person,” “a smell of roses on a fine spring in the meadows of my hometown,” “the love my life,” “the choir of angels of Heaven singing glory, glory, glory to the Lord God omnipotent,” “my favorite football team,” and the like.

With capitalizations, do these become ‘official’? These Secondary Properties of the Primary Properties of the world as qualitative distinctions in mind, infinitely divisible, infinitely combinatory, with the only limitations as the mentation limits of the agents set by the armature limits of the agents’ computational apparatuses themselves, the dynamic subjective objects, in the dynamic object universe, where Existence and the Primary Properties of Existence set boundaries on the probabilistically possible and probabilistically impossible as well as the qualitative agentic-ally derived Secondary Properties of Existence.

In this sense, Existence becomes finite with no particular upper limits to its capacity while merely finite, even ‘infinite’ as seemingly infinite and so a gargantuan or large finite, in various degrees; Primary Properties exist as finite objects, spatiotemporal events, and principles of existence of Existence; whereas, the Secondary Properties come with the agency in some existences, whereby Existence becomes infinitely divisible and infinitely combinatory with the constraints on the divisions and the combinations, in an agentic qualitative sense, coming from the “armature limits of the agents’ computational apparatuses themselves.”

Existence comes with constraints based on self-consistency, order, the possible, the probabilistic, while, with agents, harboring infinite aspects, individually and combinatorially. Therefore, “Neither L’existence Précède L’essence Nor Essentia Precedes Existentia, But Both” means the bedrock essence comes “to exist” and existence exhibits “to exist” by its fact; and, therefore, neither existence precedes essence nor essential precedes existence, but both, as in essence collapses to existence while both emerge simultaneously, as one. Furthermore, Existence comes as it comes, emerges as it emerges, in each manifestation of the possible, while the principles of existence, the objects, and the relations between the objects through temporality comprise the dynamic object universe of Existence, and in some universes with the agency the Secondary Properties of Existence become forms of constrained infinite potentialities in Existence, while constrained by that which is evident, the Primary Properties of Existence, and coming from the sense of the self-evident, the agentic, to know that you exist and know that you know; thus, both (and more).

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Reversible Physical Laws

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Sociomix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

If society is to progress on a truly humanistic basis, without being subject to mental epidemics and virulent social diseases to which the subconscious falls an easy victim, the personal consciousness of every individual should be cultivated to the highest degree possible.

Boris Sidis

The man of genius whether as an artist or thinker requires a mass of accidental variations to select from and a rigidly selective process of attention.

Boris Sidis

William James Sidis died hidden, largely. A former child prodigy in mathematics and polyglotism, purportedly. Many myths exist about the man. Nonetheless, he represented a social scientific experiment by his father, Boris Sidis, M.D., Ph.D., to see the capacities of the mind stretched to a limit at an early age.

The Animate and the Inanimate remains the main work publicly counted as part of the canon of Sidis. In this text, he proposes something of a twin-universe inversion thought experiment with, on the one hand, an ‘ordinary’ universe, such as our own, and, on the other hand, a reverse universe or an opposition universe to the ‘ordinary’ universe vis-à-vis the variable of time.

One of the earliest sections covers reversible physical laws. The “physical” seems disputable to me. However, the reversible physical laws appear rather apt as a descriptor of the situation at hand. By and large, the dynamics of the universe remain the same, surprisingly, in such a thought experiment upon reading and reflecting on Sidis.

The reversal of the known laws in the 1920s, or the time of the publication of the text, would result in a frame rate of the same gaps, scale of the same size, and cause-and-effect cosmos of the current order, merely in reverse order.

Bill was an avowed atheist on a first-order analysis, did not believe ‘in the big boss of the Christians,’ and believed, potentially, in something beyond the human. In some sense, one can consider a matrix of beliefs with a panendeistic view as a more in-depth perspective while an atheistic view, as a first approximation, seems reasonable too.

The difference between no gods and one that doesn’t personally care seems nil on an individual basis. The reversal of velocity, acceleration, effects on constituent parts of atoms, of mass, and the like, would appear the same in the original universe and in the reverse universe. Reversible physical law seems set here.

Any consideration of a change of an object or a force in the real universe must correspond to a change of an object or a force in the reverse universe in like manner while in opposition to the axis of time.

In this, any alteration of a velocity will require a countermanding velocity. The change of velocity requires another velocity. All forces in either universe remain the same and, therefore, the changes in the force in one make for a change in the other in the reverse time direction. The first law of thermodynamics, by logical deduction, remains the same in the reverse time universe as in the real universe.

A change of momentum is proportional to the force impressed in the second law of motion. Whether a reverse time universe or the real universe, the momentum does not change, thus the second law of motion retains fundamental character.

The third law of motion is every action has an equal and opposite reaction. With the first two established, we come to the factuality of the third. The three laws of motion retain their character in a reverse time universe.

Wherein, the laws and forces of the real universe exhibit a universal quality to them. For the conservation of energy and matter, Bill Sidis explains, laws of attraction and repulsion, of refraction and reflection, can be reversed; all can be made in a fake universe with only a reversion of the factor of time while retaining their fundamental character.

At one basic level, physical laws with the capability of reversion through time are a powerful thought experiment on the nature of time and the relation of law to reality.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Tell Me of the Young Man, Verrocchio

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Sociomix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

We must doubt the certainty of everything which passes through the senses, but how much more ought we to doubt things contrary to the senses, such as the existence of God and the soul.

– Leonardo Da Vinci

I have been having some preliminary thoughts about the Renaissance Humanism painter-philosopher, Leonardo Da Vinci, as in percolating about the ways in which to approach the subject matter.

Often, he gets called the Rennaissance Man or the Universal Genius due to the ubiquity of both his expertise and domains of deep knowledge. In some manner, Da Vinci was a pervasive intellect.

Someone who, whatever he touched, he mastered. Someone of a brilliance rarely seen in the modern period in which specialization is the flavor of the day, not universality.

In this sense, there is a general sensibility of awe, about him, and distance, from the philosophy behind him. When I examine his words, and I look at some of the life trajectories, I note several indicative points of caution.

Not only a beautiful man, a bright person, and an inquisitive sensitivity to the natural world, someone conscious of the ways in which the Church, as in the Roman Catholic Church, dominated, domineered, and crushed all dissent with force, even by torture or murder by the ‘state’ or the Church arm.

He was cautious in statements, even in scientific discoveries as the Church was a force for ignorance and suffering, as today, by and large. He kept statements at odds of the Church away from the public, so the hierarchs.

He wasn’t polite; he was political. Leo was a genius. Few doubt it. Near as I can tell, fewer questions exist about the man’s life than about his philosophical views. He seems as if a scientist, an engineer, a technologist.

Someone interested in the natural world as the natural world with observation as key to the comprehension of the world, where the senses cannot provide a definitive answer to the vexing questions of the day.

There can be approximations. There can be estimations. There can be grasping some order of the truth, as in the facts of the matter about reality. However, the sense of the self and its senses reign supreme to Leonardo.

Someone distinctly aware of the limitations of the faith structures in his midst. In his notebooks, thus tucked away, he proclaimed in capital letters, “IL SOLE NO SI MUOVE,” or, “THE SUN DOES NOT MOVE.”

In short, decades before the official finding, he deduced the heliocentric reality of the Solar System rather than the biblically asserted geocentric view of the Solar System.

This contradicted centuries of biblical teaching and Church authority. Therefore, he put the text in his notebooks, never discovered until after death, presumably, as a monument to both his genius and his caution.

He considers the state of nature as the state of nature itself. In that, a collection of physical laws manifest and order the universe and living systems. He dissected corpses, incorporated findings of anatomy and physiology in drawings and artistic works.

He had a sense of the real. He had a compassion for the living, even releasing some animals in captivity if he passed them by paying for their fee. He was someone in love with life and in love with the discoveries about the natural world.

In this sense, as an amorist, as in amour, or love, he was a lover of nature and the real human nature, not the statements of holy texts or the authorities of the men in dresses in Rome.

He died in France. Someone in what has been termed Renaissance Humanism. Something of an amorist-naturalist and a humanist in a full sense of the term without religious connotations or transcendentalist sensibilities.

Someone for whom the natural world is that which is, sufficiently ordered, and reason as a guide to order the thoughts about the world gathered and organized through the senses.

He would be a rare individual, even today, as a naturalistic thinker, comprehensive in the dimensionality of considerations about the world, and oriented towards the use of proper reason to come to some truths about reality at large.

In short, a man of reality and virtue.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

The Silence of Moonlight on a Gravestone

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Sociomix

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2021

I plan to take a walk to the cemetery this evening. One of the joys in taking time to oneself is the silence. A relationship with others, to some, such as myself, only becomes possible with the moments of silence.

Those times way from the crowd, apart from others. There’s a sense in which aloneness provides time for being. The time to refresh, relax, and regain some sense of self in a busy world of work and obligations.

It may seem counterintuitive to some degree. However, the idea of the modern world is constant movement. Something is in flux. In reality, it’s a world of half-truths and half-falsehoods.

We’re a global population of stationary butts and moving minds. Our fingers type away at the keyboard while the glutes stick to the proverbial cushion. In a time to walk away, into nature, late in the night, I find peace.

I find this as a time to relate to myself, to think, to ponder, to conceptualize, to imagine, even to dream. I take the time. I travel. I walk and take transit only. I live a simple, modest life.

I wouldn’t have it any other way. Alone with myself to take some time away from the world of the rushing digital landscape. When I head out, deliberately, I walk along with the stride of others no more.

A cemetery, a graveyard, a tombstone here, a marking there, a stack of moss on stone over the beaten path, truly, they’re the piles of the forgotten. Those deemed in the past.

I walk by them going to work. It’s in the day. It’s not the same. It feels as if just a bunch more grass. There are people around. They have things to do; hell, I have things needing doing.

When I go at night, there’s a sense of intimacy in relations with myself. The descriptor coming to mind is a “communion” of sorts. The sense of unity with the self in time, in silence, with the dead.

It can sound morbid. I understand, completely. However, I would propose or embark on a different interpretation of the sense of relationships and events. People play golf, knit, fish, hike, bike, walk, and so on, alone, sometimes.

This helps them get away from some of the stress of the day, make a mark on their psychological wellbeing. Rather than, the continuous integration in social life with others.

It is building a firmer sense of self and building a sense of self-understanding, or taking time away for personal development and/or wellbeing. When I take these walks to or through the cemetery, it is a time to reflect.

All those who had gone before. Everyone with a story as deeply tragic and hopeful as my own. Life is full of the ups and downs of the ordinary. My sense of relationships is both interpersonal and intrapersonal.

You know others and yourself through others. Also, you understand yourself through yourself. In that, for the latter, time away is not exactly the time of play. It’s a serious time for deep reflection, consideration, contemplation.

A moment in a day without the demands of social life or the rigorous requirements of work. I take this time for building personal peace, reflecting on the day, and to center my inner voice.

If you’re ever wondering about a cornerstone of mental health, then I consider one of the more critical parts as the knowledge of oneself. Part of this comes from self-reflection.

One of the only times to have time for this is in self-reflection. Because when in the company of others, your self can be diminished in some respects. You’re paying attention to the social cues and emotional needs of others.

While, at the same time, you’re having to gauge internal feelings and calibrate to the social situation and act emotionally appropriately. In this, your sense of self merges with the environment.

This is fine, but for self-insight, you need to optimize internal resources. One manner in which to do this is to take time for yourself, in silence. For myself, this occurs amongst the dead and in the night, whether cold or cool.

I find this a way to sit, inquietude, as if as silent as moonlight on a gravestone.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Interview with Professor Vivekanandan S. Kumar on AU, Students, and Research (Part Two)

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Learning Analytics Research Group

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/05/18

What pathways exist for students, undergraduate and graduate, to become involved in research at AU?

Oh! Research is not constrained by subject or by the person wanting to do research. It is confined by the interest students bring in to the area of exploration.

Take for example, undergraduate students, typically third and fourth year students, are engaged in various research projects in our Learning Analytics research group. They identify the problem. They discuss solutions. They pick a good solution. They implement it. They test it. They publish it. They then move on to the next big problem.

Kinshuk and I, as supervisors of this research group, are here to guide them, to provide some resources and to establish a network. Interestingly, this network is in a constant state of flux, researchers coming and going, researchers including undergraduate students, graduate students, post-doctoral students, Mitacs interns, visiting students from other countries, visiting Professors, industry partners and government agencies and liaisons.

Students are exposed to such a large network and discover their true passion in research.

The Learning Analytics research group has many student-driven research explorations.

The group believes in Lean and Agile way of learning and in Lean and Agile way of conducting research.

We meet daily and weekly and monthly to share our progress as well as pains. We celebrate our research advancement. The research group, if seen as a biological entity, has what it takes to sustain itself. This is the kind of research groups we should promote at AU, in all disciplines and across disciplines.

We are here to simply show them the way to say, “hey, this is what I know, what I studied in the past 35 years, and these are the interesting areas for you to explore”. And then, the students have to take ownership and say, “Oh yeah, that is something absolutely beautiful that I want to explore and contribute to, for humanity”.

That is the kind of passion from the inside that needs to be nurtured in research groups.

“Students should demand AU to facilitate the creation of such student-driven research groups.”

Students should create their own pathways and invite the rest of us to come and contribute. We need to identify such research drivers from among our students. Thankfully, we have plenty of such drivers. They know how to blaze research pathways on their own with minimal guidance.

This is a beautiful characteristic I see often in our students. As an undergraduate student, anyone that comes to AU should be aware of, if not prepared, to tackle these two critical traits – self-regulate and persist. AU is not just a learning university, but also a research university. If pathways don’t exist, then students should create them.

Students can do the initial background investigation. They can find the right group of people who can contribute to establish this pathway. They can consult Professors about funding opportunities. They can consult AU advancement and the Research Centre about government and industry partners who would be interested in such a pathway. They can design a research process, hopefully Lean and Agile, which can govern the progress and the measurement of this research pathway.

AU itself should find better ways to expose its ongoing research, research potential, and research facilities. We are limited by distance and geography but we can comfortably overcome them when it comes to exploring a research pathway. We do have that know-how. The point is, I would like to see students be the drivers in creating and nurturing research pathways and the rest of AU would be there to support such student initiatives.

We can think of this as flipped-research, research driven by students and supported by the rest of the AU community. Just the opposite of what one would expect in a traditional university. Students can do their research wherever they are in the world, as long as the resources can reach them when they need them.

How can AU help students find the right tools, reach the right mindset, and be with the right group to flourish in research?

In spite of being a CARI, given the size of AU, we are limited by our resources and by our reach. But, within these constraints, there are boundless research pathways. It is all there for our students to take ownership and drive research pathways. Start within your class and form a research interest group. Find seniors with similar interest. Find similar research groups in other institutions. Approach Professors. Do a quick literature review. Contact AU research service providers such as the Research Centre and Advancement. Seek internal and external funding sources. Apply for funding in collaboration with Professors. Get a research pathway started, irrespective of the funding. Or, get onboard a research pathway that already exists. Universities advance many research beacons. Students can follow and come ashore using one of these beacons. Or, create their own beacon.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Interview with Professor Vivekanandan S. Kumar on AU, Students, and Research (Part One)

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Learning Analytics Research Group

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/05/18

Students at Athabasca University (AU) have a unique set of opportunities and benefits in terms of the online and at-a-distance education, especially in terms of resources for research. What distinguishes AU from other universities in terms of possible contributions to the larger human capital contributions of provinces and territories to the research and economic base of the country?

One of the research challenges we faced was about tackling the perception that instruction through online learning was subpar to the instruction at brick-and-mortar universities. Then, why top universities in the world are resorting to online instruction as supplemental to regular classroom instruction?

Is there an underlying assumption that ‘proper’ instruction yields optimal learning for students, which in turn implies students better suited to uplift Canada in its economic quest?

This is a core presumption in the current educational setup that Athabasca University has the power to investigate and reform.

It is not just proper ‘instruction’, but also proper ‘learning’ that yields human capital contributions that Canada needs.

Athabasca University offers its students to be better prepared in subject areas and most importantly, yet surreptitiously, engages them to build the capacity to self-learn, self-regulate, and self-persist. These are the kinds of students who are better prepared to shoulder the pursuit of knowledge-based economy of the country.

This ‘capacity building’ is the unacknowledged secret behind the use of online instruction as supplemental to traditional classroom-based instruction. Athabasca’s curricular design is geared towards this ‘capacity building’ in our students to self-propel to meet the challenges of the century.

In some circles, people refer to this as flipped-instruction. I would like to refer to it as flipped-cognition, where students drive the quest for learning, in subject matter excellence as well as in cognitive triangulation to become creative learners in broadening and deepening the economic base of Canada.

The opportunity to study should be completely open. Open to anyone irrespective of anything else. Students should feel the yearning for learning. Students should shoulder the burden of learning. Teachers and curricula should take the responsibility to guide students to excel, not force them towards excellence.

There is a fine-line between me thrusting myself to reach a clearer goal than me being pushed by someone to reach a vague goal. This fine-line defines the long-term success stories of our students. This fine-line advances the kinds of research we offer our students. This fine-line opens up economic drivers for Canada.

Canada used to be the world leader in online instruction and online learning. The rest of the world has already caught up with us. In many cases, the rest of the world has overtaken us, forcing us to pursue. One of these cases is about catering to the masses of students from around the world who have the capacity to learn but not the opportunity.

There are many off-share campuses from traditional university around the world. Why?

These are students who do not fit the regular educational stream. How about students who live in remote places? How will we offer the same opportunities that students in populated centers enjoy?

How could we make geographical distances disappear when it comes to learning? How to cater to such masses, high quality study material, instruction, guidance, and self-learning potential, in a scalable and sustaining fashion? Athabasca University has that know-how.

Athabasca University students go through that know-how and have the opportunity to investigate it further and make it the common currency of learning in the near future. I am from India, and I know for sure (sad laughter) a large percentage of students who graduate from high school simply do not have opportunity to study further.

This is common in many developing nations, because of a lack of infrastructure to offer traditional instruction. How about Athabasca University students spread the message about how they learned online and explore ways to bring such opportunities to these deprived students?

I believe in online learning. I believe it is the way of the future and will become main-stream. I think, we at Athabasca University, especially students, should strive further to commit ourselves to show that online learning is on par, at least on par, with traditional universities. We should strive to research the fundamental changes and challenges online learners experience and make it a staple global platform of learning in the near future.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Westside Seniors Hub

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Westside Seniors Hub

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/05/08

The Westside Seniors Hub (WSH) is a collective of member agencies, who work with seniors in the Westside of Vancouver. The WSH has been working for about two and a half years on the housing issues for seniors in the Westside. With respect to the housing issue for seniors, the partners of the WSH identified, about one year ago, noticed staff were increasingly encountering seniors. These seniors were requesting assistance with housing. For example, some have been evicted from housing. Why?

They had rental apartments. The rental apartments needed some renovations. Then the rents could be raised, but the seniors, who came forward, could not afford the rent for the single-family dwelling anymore. That is, the Westside of Vancouver seniors in the single-family dwellings, or single-family homes, were, in a real sense, asset rich and cash poor. As with the current real estate market, their assets increased significantly, but their cash, on hand, is low. As these houses in the Westside of Vancouver are old, they need adaptations.

The seniors could not afford the adaptations. The agencies began to see more distress associated with the housing problems in the area. This issue has been given insufficient attention as a seniors’ issue. The WSH talked with the seniors’ council and partners to help with the issues, to see areas of potential assistance for seniors in housing troubles. The Jewish family agency came to the WSH. They applied through Vancouver Coastal Health to hire a researcher. The research would interview the agencies and stakeholders more broadly to get the bigger picture of the situation.

This leads to two pictures in a bigger frame. One group are the home owners. The others are the renovators. “Some are being ‘ren-evicted’. Their apartment will be upgraded. Their rent is raised. But, of course, the rent is raised to the point where they can’t afford them anymore,” Mary Jane McLennan, member of the WSH, said, “Seniors want to age in place, connected to the services they are established with: medical services and all of the things that communities offer, grocery shopping and all of the basics.”

The risk is seniors are being evicted based on renovations and then rented at a higher cost. Seniors, in general, want to be in an established community. For many seniors, it takes time to become established in a community, which can create a problem if evicted and needing to find a new community. Senior communities are becoming, and will increasingly become, an issue because Vancouverites live so long now. In the interviews conducted by the researcher, other information emerged including the need to work collaboratively and for courageous leadership in addressing these issues.

Market subsidies could reflect real market prices and costs. The developments could cater to investors and seniors. The improved collaboration could support some of the organizations involved in the community. More in-depth information is in the report entitled “Seniors Housing on the Westside of Vancouver.” The report itself is a snapshot of the current issues seniors are experiencing now.

If you want to find out more or become involved, please see the information below:

2305 West 7th Avenue,
Vancouver BC V6K 1Y4
Tel: 604-736-3588
westsideseniorshub.org
seniorshub@kitshouse.org

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Dr. Daniel M. Bernstein Lifespan Cognition Lab Interview

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Lifespan Cognition Lab (Tier 2 Canada Research Chair Psychology Lab)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/08/21

What’s your family story?

My grandparents were born in New York, in the United States – at least 3 out of 4 of them. My father’s father was born in Poland. My great grandparents were all European: German, Ukrainian, and Polish.

My parents were childhood sweethearts. They married in their early 20s. My brother was born early in the marriage at age 23. After my brother was born, they moved to California. My sister was born two years after my brother. I was born two years after my sister.

My father was an accountant and business manager. My mother was a speech pathologist and instructor at Pepperdine University.

What’s your story?

I was born in North Hollywood, California. My parents were from the Bronx, New York. I am the youngest of 3 children. Uneventful childhood, I moved to the beach from North Hollywood to Malibu at age 5. I spent my formative years at the beach.

However, I was interested in school too. I was a serious student since grade 4. I went to Beverly Hills High School for grades 10-12, but I never fit. I went to UC Berkley for undergraduate. I fit there; not only in the university, but living in the city.

After I finished the BA, I moved to Hawaii as an early retirement. I had the physical ability to enjoy Hawaii. That was a childhood dream of mine. I didn’t know what I’d do after the undergraduate degree.

I did an honors degree. I designed my own major in sleep and dream studies with the help of my advisor, Arnie Leiman. He was very influential in my career. As an undergraduate student, I wasn’t interested in graduate school, wasn’t sure about it.

While in Hawaii, I mountain biked, surfed, and worked as a baker. I pondered my future. I decided what I was doing wasn’t the future for me. So, I applied to graduate school. I went to the mainland. I lived in Santa Cruz, California for a bit.

I didn’t get into graduate school the first application. I applied to four schools the following year. I re-took the Graduate Record Examination. I needed to increase my GRE scores to get into graduate school.

I was admitted to a terminal master’s program at Brock University in Ontario. I knew little about the school. There were several people on a small faculty studying sleep and dreams. So, I went to Brock for two years, did my masters in Psychology, and had an amazing time.

We were the first graduate students in their new graduate program. We were very, very well treated. We had tons of opportunities. I found that to be an amazing educational experience. After the masters, I applied to PhD programs. I headed out to Vancouver.

I got into Simon Fraser University. That’s where I did my PhD. I worked with someone called Vito Modigliani, who was near the end of his career, and then switched over to Bruce Whittlesea.

I finished my PhD in 2001 and headed to the University of Washington to do a Postdoc with Beth and Geoff Loftus and Andrew Meltzoff. Beth Loftus subsequently moved to UC Irvine, but we continued to work together for the duration of the Postdoc. I was at the University of Washington for 4 years. In 2005 I got a job at Kwantlen Polytechnic University, which is where I am now!

What was the original interest in psychology? What are your current interests in psychology?

Lifespan cognition, that comes from my Postdoc work with Andy Meltzoff and Geoff Loftus. Andy Meltzoff is a developmental psychologist. He was influential in my current interest.

He was interested in cognition through adults, but most of his research was on infants and preschoolers. I broadened the scope to include older adults.

Along the way, I became interested in lifespan cognition. For my PhD I did a dissertation on memory. All young adults, convenience samples from the university population. Lifespan cognition was a real change for me.

My PhD supervisor, Bruce Whittlesea, told me, “I am not interested in individual differences.” Lifespan cognition is about individual difference. How do different ages perform on different tasks?

He said, “The field of Cognitive Psychology has no real use for individual differences research. Even though some people do it, it is not of interest to most Cognitive Psychologists.”

I have come to conclude the opposite. To understand cognition, we have to study it developmentally with as large a lifespan as we can test. So, that’s one main focus of my current research.

My other focus is on memory. It continues work started during my PhD and Postdoc. In particular, false memory with Beth Loftus. I am still doing work on false memory and on memory illusions/cognitive illusions.

Broadly construed, most of the work I do now is on cognitive biases and illusions, or how we make systematic errors in our thinking.

You earned the Tier 2 Canada Research Chair in Lifespan Cognition. You are an instructor at Kwantlen Polytechnic University. What tasks and responsibilities come with this position?

The administrative reporting requirements of this position aren’t too heavy, but they’re regular. I have to keep the Canadian government informed on what I’m doing and the progress I’m making. Additionally, the research is on lifespan cognition.

The Canada Research Chair supports that work. That means running a lab, making sure the projects are running smoothly, and getting people into the lab/recruitment. Recruitment is difficult for this work.

Also, I need to keep on top of things any given day/week: subject recruitment, data entry, data analysis, tested populations that find the task onerous, and so on. This does not include all of the background/pilot work we did before the main research.

What is the importance of mentoring and mentorship?

Critical. The more I do it, the more I realize it’s probably the most important thing that I do. It’s the area where I can have the biggest impact.

I strive to ensure that students get the training they deserve and want, and help them achieve the goals that they’ve set for themselves.

I’ve just returned from a 3-month trip to Europe. I was teaching and doing research at the University of Mannheim for two of those months. Most of the work was in class teaching once a week. The rest of the time was meeting with students, Postdocs and fellow faculty to discuss research.

I loved these meetings. I do this at Kwantlen as well. I meet with students regularly. I supervise several students simultaneously. I meet with students individually and in groups. I find these research meetings to be the most rewarding part of my job.

Where do you hope your research will go into the future?

I don’t know. I won’t know that until I see the results of our current work. The current project for the Canada Research Chair–also funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada–is a 4-year longitudinal study of lifespan cognition.

The project focuses on perspective taking, executive function, and decision-making from preschool to old age. Because it is longitudinal, we have people return once a year for four years.

I don’t know the results yet. I hope to find some interesting things that spur further questions for me and others to explore.

Often, my work is a function of what I am finding at any particular time in my research. Because the current project is a 4-year longitudinal study, I won’t know the next step until I finish the study.

As for my research on memory and cognitive illusions, I would like to see more unification of these cognitive illusions over time. I’d like to see someone develop a unified explanation of the different ways in which the human mind errs in its thinking.

I don’t know if I have the mind to develop this unified explanation, but maybe I’ll try. I am excited, though, wherever my research takes me.

What do you consider the single greatest finding in cognitive science?

Wow – I don’t know. I’m tempted to say work linking individual neurons. It goes back to Hubel and Wiesel. They won the Nobel Prize for work on the striate cortex in cats, where particular neurons respond to particular visual features in the world.

That’s been shown in other sensory domains as well. There’s some very cool work linking the individual firing of neurons to perception. What’s most striking about this work is that you can create and even override perception by manually stimulating neurons, that’s incredibly cool.

What is consciousness?

A really, really hard problem. (Laughs)

(Laughs)

Awareness of one’s surroundings, of one’s thoughts. That’s meta-awareness. It’s a very hard problem. I don’t even want to try and define it. Every time I try, my definitions are unsatisfactory.

What are qualia?

To me, the sensations or the perceptions, either the physical sensations that one experiences or the perceptions that one has about those sensations. I link qualia to sensation and perception.

What is free will?

In a simple sense, it is being able to choose the direction of your path in the world rather than being controlled or determined by the physical laws of the universe. Ultimately, as when you asked me about the most interesting discovery in cognitive science, what I mentioned is determinism in a nutshell: neurons firing determine our sensation and perception. We can override perception by stimulating neurons. Imagine the following experiment.

The simplest version is to show an array of arrows that point in different directions, say 45-degress to the right pointing upward, and 45-degress to the right pointing downward. The task is to respond when more than 50% of the arrows in the display point in one direction.

The subject’s task is to look in the direction where the majority of arrows point. You can be trained on this. The original work was done on rhesus monkeys. It takes lots and lots of training, but the monkeys can learn the task well-enough to be able to discern about 51% of a display pointing in one direction.

Assume that 51% of the arrows point upward and to the right, and the remaining 49% of the arrows point downward and to the right. You’ve trained the monkey to look upward and to the right on this trial because that’s the direction where the majority (50% or more) of arrows are pointing.

The monkey looks up and right. You are recording from neurons that respond to arrows pointing in a particular direction. You map the cortex to determine which neurons respond to a particular line orientation.

You present the display where 51% of the arrows are pointing upward and to the right. The monkey is supposed to look upward right. However, you’re manually stimulating the neurons that respond to arrows pointing downward and to the right. The monkey, in this case, will look downward and to the right.

You can override the actual sensory information by stimulating the neurons that respond to arrows pointing in another direction. The monkey will look down-right rather than up-right. To me, that is deterministic.

The neurons firing will determine perception and our experience. It’s spooky, but it’s incredibly cool. So, free will in a sense is being able to choose for yourself. Given what I’ve told you, it’s hard to reconcile being able to choose for yourself with the physical evidence mentioned before.

You can stimulate neurons and get individuals (yes, even humans) to respond in a particular way. You can dictate the perception and the experience, and the consciousness (ultimately), by stimulating neurons in a particular way. That sounds deterministic, not-so ‘free willy’.

What do you consider the single greatest achievement in your professional life/career?

Hopefully I haven’t had it yet. It’s got to be coming. I haven’t felt it yet. Maybe the attainment of the Canada Research Chair. That was a milestone for me. Election to the Royal Society of Canada’s College of New Scholars was also very important to me.

Mentorship is a big deal to me, too. It’s helping students along their path, helping them get to where they want to go.

What about in personal life?

Marriage to my wife Dagmar, and step-fathering three lovely girls and not having any of them hate me. That’s a major achievement.

Any advice for young people interested in psychology?

Get involved in research early. Find some aspect of research that turns you on.

Thank you for your time, Dr. Bernstein.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Eric Mah Lifespan Cognition Lab Interview

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Lifespan Cognition Lab (Tier 2 Canada Research Chair Psychology Lab)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/08/03

Tell us about your brief background – education, family, and work.

My family is from Vancouver; I was born here but lived in the states for a good ~10 years before we moved back up to Canada. After that, the standard high school and first retail job before KPU. I have had the good fortune to have parents who have been willing to provide financial support for my education as well as professors who have given me opportunities to do field-relevant RA work throughout my undergraduate career. Through these professors I’ve been able to work on interesting projects, attend conferences, and draft and submit manuscripts.

Your main research interests are social and cognitive psychology. Why social and cognitive psychology?

I like the social and cognitive areas because they provide the frameworks to look at the beliefs and behaviours that dictate how people interact with each other in day-to-day life: attitudes and prejudices, influence and persuasion, fallacies, biases, and heuristics among others. I find fallacies (e.g., the gambler’s fallacy) and biases (e.g., attribution errors) particularly interesting because they offer some insight into why people make terrible decisions (and how we might prevent this). I also like these areas because they are broad enough that I have a lot of freedom to try out a variety of research questions.

Furthermore, you focus on topics of interest as these come into academic and intellectual purview. At the moment, this means the intersection between philosophy and psychology. Why the intersection between philosophy and psychology?

I have always liked philosophy; it asks the really big, fascinating questions and is conducive to really engaging debates and critical thinking. However, I have also wondered how relevant these philosophical questions are in everyday life. Along these lines, I did my honours thesis on how belief or disbelief in free will affects how people think about their life goals. For example, you might expect that reducing people’s beliefs in free will could cause them to view their goals as less under their control (spoilers: it didn’t). In future research, I’d like to look at how laypeople think about other philosophical questions—e.g., What is personal identity? What is the nature of reality? How much can we truly know?—and see how their answers influence everyday thinking and behaviour, if at all. Also, a lot of questions in philosophy are inherently untestable and probably unanswerable through philosophy alone so I’d like to explore them in a more scientific capacity.

You graduated from Kwantlen Polytechnic University with a Major in Psychology and a Minor in Philosophy. You are the lab manager for the Lifespan Cognition Lab of Dr. Daniel Bernstein. What tasks and responsibilities come with this position?

As the lab manager, I recruit and interview RA’s, buy materials for the lab, make sure lab research projects don’t conflict in terms of scheduling, coordinate lab meetings, handle website stuff and overall ensure things are running smoothly. Honestly, I don’t do a lot of managing; the Lifespan Cognition Lab is full of brilliant, hardworking, capable and independent RA’s who regularly design and direct full research projects under the supervision and guidance of Dr. Bernstein. It has been a great experience working with the team thus far.

You research risky decision-making from the same lab. What is the status of the research at this point in time?

I’m currently waiting on ethics approval for my first study on risky decision-making. I’ll be looking at how people make decisions on a gambling task when the stakes are fake money or smiley faces to see if different hypothetical stimuli affect risk-taking behaviour.

You research with Dr. Roger Tweed on positive psychology through the topic of faith in humanity. What defines “faith in humanity”? What is the research question? What is the status of this research?

One of the issues with faith in humanity is that it has been poorly defined (for the most part) in the literature. Dr. Tweed and I argue that faith in humanity is best defined as a focus on and tendency to see the good in people—their strengths and virtues. This definition is very similar to the central idea of positive psychology: a focus on promoting well-being rather than treating pathology, and we argue that faith in humanity should be a core focus of positive psychology. We’re currently working on writing this up as a review paper.

You research judgment/decision-making in gambling behaviour, too. What theme unites positive psychology with respect to faith in humanity, judgement/decision-making in gambling behaviour, and risky decision-making research within social and cognitive psychology?

I find them interesting! I can’t really think of any big theme that unites these areas other than the (very broad) fact that they deal with how peoples’ beliefs affect their behaviour.

What are the next steps for 2016 and in the years to come for you?

I’ll be going through the arduous process of grad school application this fall and will hopefully be starting on my Masters the year after that. Aside from that I plan to continue working with Dr. Bernstein, Dr. Tweed, and the rest of my KPU colleagues for as long as possible.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Cory S. Callies Lifespan Cognition Lab Interview

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Lifespan Cognition Lab (Tier 2 Canada Research Chair Psychology Lab)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/08/03

Tell us about your brief background – education, family, and work.

I ended up moving a few times during my teenage years due to my Fathers work. He has a career as a long-haul truck driver and lives in Alberta with my mom. I graduated high school at Langley Education Center (LEC), which is attached to Langley Secondary School. The school counselor at LEC encouraged me to attend a workshop on school counseling, which started my interest for psychology.

You are a third-year student at Kwantlen Polytechnic University with the intention to complete a Major in Psychology and a Minor in Counseling. Why psychology coupled with counseling?

The reason I am pursuing a minor in counseling is my interest in helping people. If I want to become an effective clinical psychologist, I need proper counseling skills. Well, a minor in counseling will not necessarily give me those practical skills, but it is a step in the right direction.

You are the project manager for the Lifespan Cognition Lab of Dr. Daniel Bernstein. What tasks and responsibilities come with this position?

As the project manager, I really work as a jack-of-all-trades. I am responsible for training new research assistants, scheduling, and recruiting participants for our study. Recruiting involves working with advertisements and calling perspective participants, I have a responsibility to make sure the project is on the right track, but it could not be done without the other research assistants, Dr. Daniel Bernstein, and Eric Mah.

You have experiences relevant to clinical psychologists with at-risk children and addiction. What are these experiences?

Growing up, I watched many of the families and acquaintances struggle with drug addictions, or broken families. At the time, I was a naïve child, so I did not fully understand what was going on around me. However, as I grew up, I had a real revelation on how the world works. I think that having real world experience in some of the issues clients are facing will be help me understand, and better treat them.

You want to help the ill, too. How do these experiences relate to clinical psychology and wanting to help the ill?

As a clinical psychologist, I intend to work in a hospital and help treat the mentally ill. Some forms of mental illness like schizophrenia, bipolar, and depression can have huge negative impacts on the lives of others. By helping to treat these serious mental illnesses, I hope to better the client’s lives, as well as the lives of their families.

You have research interests in autism spectrum disorder, addiction, and addictions counseling. What makes these interesting research topics?

I find it interesting that although we all have a brain, some small differences in them can cause such a massive effect. I want to be able to better understand others, and the issues that they face in life, and understanding how the brain functions is a good place to start.

In regards to addictions, I find it interesting that basic needs can be overlooked for non-essential drugs. People give up their whole lives to chase a drug, which is the sad reality that some people face every day, and I want to understand how to change these people for the better.

What role do the mentioned experiences with at-risk children and addiction, and the research interests in autism spectrum disorder, addiction, and addictions counseling align with the aim to enter graduate school in clinical psychology?

My original intention going into University was to become a school counselor. My school counselor really helped me, and I thought that by helping kids achieve their goals, I could positively influence their lives, and help them through difficult problems they face. Some of which could be family troubles, or drug addictions, even mental health issues.

After seeing the damages addictions and mental illnesses do to families, I decided I wanted to tackle the issue in a more direct matter. School counselors may fill a lot of their time with course selection, and not actual counseling work. That is why I aim to graduate with a degree in clinical psychology, so I can obtain the skills, and qualifications to work directly with mental illnesses, or drug addictions.

What are the next steps for 2016 and in the years to come for you?

I like to set goals for myself to complete that are simple and concrete, and that work towards future goals that may be broader. My goal for this year is to strengthen my research skills, by taking research methods and statistics. Statistics is one of my weaker points, and I would like to strengthen these areas, to better help my colleagues.

With everybody looking into taking the GRE’s I was also planning to brush up on my basics, to better prepare myself for the future. In the long term, I would like to start looking into potential advisors for my degree in clinical psychology.

It is a very competitive degree, and getting accepted into the program of your choice is difficult. If I can make a good impression on an advisor, I drastically increase my chances of getting into a program of my choice, with an advisor that shares the same interests as I do.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Amanda V. Tabert Lifespan Cognition Lab Interview

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Lifespan Cognition Lab (Tier 2 Canada Research Chair Psychology Lab)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/06/20

Tell us about brief background – education, family, and work.

My mother is Taiwanese, and my father is Canadian. I was born and raised in Taiwan until I was 11, and then I moved to Canada permanently to live with my father. I had forgotten most of my English by then (Chinese-Mandarin is my mother-tongue), so I ended up re-learning it with an English dictionary and some Harry Potter books (motivation can be unwavering when you’re desperate to know what happens next in a story). I finished high school a little later than the average educated-folks due to my language barrier, but there was nothing I wanted more than to go to school and learn psychology, so I pushed myself through high school while financially supporting myself – the work paid off.

Your research interest is in forensic psychology. In particular, the manner in which context can create cognitive biases and the impacts of these cognitive biases on the legal system. For example, the reliability of eyewitness testimonies and the possibility for cognitive contamination in forensic experts based on the context. Why forensic psychology?

I’ve always been fascinated with the intersection between psychology and the legal system – I want to work with those who are in trouble with the law. My main interest is in providing rehabilitative treatment in correctional facilities, but providing assessments, giving expert testimony, and evaluating competency to stand trial is also appealing to me.

With respect to, and between, cognitive biases, eyewitness testimonies, cognitive contamination, and the legal system, what unified theme contains the most fascination for you?

If I had to pick the one discovery in psychology that surprised me the most about the human mind, is just how delicate it can be to cognitive bias. And since the legal system is where I find psychology to be most stimulating, I prefer to study cognitive bias in people who work for or with the law.

You are an undergraduate at Kwantlen Polytechnic University and the Kwantlen Polytechnic Psychology Society. You research in Dr. Daniel Bernstein’s Lifespan Cognition Lab and Dr. Karen Parhar’s Crime Desistance Lab. How do these psychology ‘labs’ promote ability, knowledge, and skill development towards the research interest in forensic psychology?

If it wasn’t for these labs, I probably would never have discovered my passion for research –which is why they play a vital role in my academic progress. Of course it is important to attend classes, write papers and pass exams, but you are constantly putting your knowledge to work in the lab. Lifespan Cognition Lab was the first one I joined; it was Dr. Bernstein and the other research assistants who sparked my curiosity in research because they encouraged me to attend psychology conferences and to get actively involved with research projects. In Dr. Parhar’s Crime Desistance Lab, I get to sharpen my interviewing skills by talking to ex-offenders about their previous run-ins with the law and their reintegration into society. I believe these labs are absolutely essential for students to solidify what they learn in classes, and also to get ready for graduate school.

You work on a hindsight bias and confirmation bias project with Dr. Daniel Bernstein and Dr. Itiel Dror. What is the research question and state of the project?

Well, we’re still collecting data for the project, and since I’m only the research assistant, I’m not actually sure how much I can give away!

Regarding forensic psychology, the research with Drs. Bernstein, Parhar, and Dror, and research on hindsight bias and confirmation bias, what are the next steps for 2016 and in the years to come for you?

Well, I will be officially starting my honours program this September, and will complete it in the spring of 2017. I will still be a 3rd year student by the time the honours program ends, so I’m looking at graduation perhaps around early 2018. After that, off to work on my master’s degree. And after that, I will be looking at a doctoral degree. I know many people who cringe at the thought of the years to come after their bachelor’s degree – don’t get me wrong, I’m expecting some tears and coffee-addiction, but I absolutely love school, and cannot wait to bring it on.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Interview with a Welfare Food Challenge Participant David Kerruish

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): College Rentals

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/11/03

In this post, youth blogger Scott chats with David Kerruish. David was born in Australia, but found home in Vancouver in 2011. He is a Strategic Management Consultant at Vancity, with degrees from Queensland University of Technology. This year, David took part in the Welfare Food Challenge.


How did you get involved in the Welfare Food Challenge?

I am involved with Raise the Rates through the community foundation. I heard about it the last couple of years. I thought, “My work is to find out what’s going on in the community.” I am deeply curious about it.

Knowing the purpose and meaning behind the campaign, I thought I should develop my own understanding by being a part of the campaign.

What have you heard from others that have been a part of it?

It was quite an experience. Most people found it challenging. All the way from approaching shopping with $18 per week to the shopping itself. The ability to function when perpetually hungry and malnourished comes with a sobering realization.

This is the way thousands of people live every week. We can check out at any point in time or after a week.

We have these welfare rates. They haven’t gone up in 9 years. I have been in Canada for 6 years. In my entire time in Canada, there’s not been an increase in the rate. I find that a little bit sad.

What was your own experience in being able to or trying to function in taking part in this, being hungry all of the time?

I am a management consultant. I do reading and writing a lot. I use my brain a lot. I found on day 4 that I was agitated, even within 48 hours. It was affecting daily function.

As I went further along, I could facilitate and be present in a conversation. However, I wasn’t able to concentrate, especially reading material. I kept thinking about eating. It was a constant cycle of planning for eating. It was not a pleasant experience at all.

What were some of the precautions others and you took before taking part in this?

I tend to be health conscious. It is making sure there’s a balance of having enough carbohydrates, proteins, mixes of vitamin and minerals as best I could. If I have some foods, it is making sure there’s the right balance.

There is no precaution, it is hard to prepare. I realize how privileged I am. It is not easy.

What are some ways fellow citizens can help others through things such as food programs for nutritious meals to eat everyday?

Food banks. I’m not sure if there is a mandate. I believe the opportunity is there for everyone to think about where they put their own money.

Are we supporting out local community with our choices in where we shop, where we spend our money throughout the day?

I think that’s more challenging because we live in a culture of instant gratification and immediate result. It may not have the immediate impact, but there’s the opportunity for everyone.

This is an annual event. How can people become involved?

There’s a lot of work you can do to support Raise the Rates by advocating for raising the minimum wage and the welfare rate. Getting involved in the campaign is one, I was conflicted in my participation, not only because I was the guy with a fast metabolism affected by it.

I engaged with somebody on Twitter, who is on welfare for 52 weeks of the year. She made a good point. Maybe, it shouldn’t be me or any of the other people that participated in the challenge. It should be people living in the state and without the opportunity to opt out.

That was my conflict. Supporting Raise the Rates is a great thing, I would encourage everyone to do that. If you think it is right for you, then advocate for the change, but also remain humble and realize thousands of people who have no choice but to complete the ‘Welfare Food Challenge’ every week.

Thank you for your time, David.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

British Columbia’s Responsibilities to Climate Change Action

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Check Your Head

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/10/27

The Anthropocene, or the Capitalocene, is upon us, like a lumbering giant destroying Downtown Vancouver in its wake, especially for the collective global future to come very soon. British Columbia needs rapid action on transition to renewable energy source. Climate change is a global issue. By implication, it has national and provincial impacts, which means that British Columbia at large is impacted, too. British Columbians by being Canadians have responsibilities to the international community because Canada has responsibilities to the international community. Outside of the international responsibilities, there are individual choices as well. Lifestyle and policy voting are important. All factors and motions for sustainability matter.

We need to work to end carbon emissions as much as possible, as fast as possible, with transitions to renewable energies. We need to get away from fossil fuel sources in Canada, and British Columbia by implication. Individuals can vote for a carbon tax that can mean a national policy can reflect this. Governments function on the ‘will’ of the people. That means the consistent voting and activism. That’s how all change ever happens: through individuals getting together for collective efforts. There has been progress, but more needs to be done by us. One possible major solution is a provincial call for a price on carbon emissions, which can come in many forms.

There can be investments for massive public transportation that can reduce the amount of net carbon emissions by citizens within the province in addition to providing the needed infrastructure for the 21st-century. We can invest in a ‘Green Culture’ and a low-carbon infrastructure. There should be efficient vehicles with regulated standards. It can be expanded to other products consumers are buying.

Residents within British Columbia can travel in more efficient ways by using cars less. There are many options: taking more walks, riding a bike, taking the train, riding the bus, and so on. This may create problems for some high travel people. However, for others, and in fact probably most, it can be done. Through responsible, considerate, and conscientious decisions about transportation, we can reduce the net carbon emissions of all residents within the province.

Human activity is the main problem. The climate began to warm rapidly at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. High hydrocarbon producing fuel sources are a problem. Energy sectors depend on them for sustained economic growth and activity. I say this in sympathy for the difficulties to make such transition, for the employees, the managers, the businesses, and the communities built largely around them. However, with the Anthropocene/Capitalocene epoch present before us, and with massive species extinctions happening, we do not have another choice about avoiding the outcomes of this problem.

We do have choices about the means through which to do it. We are lucky. There are many, many options on the table. Canadian industry creates 35% of Canada’s net greenhouse gases, which is quite a lot. Furthermore, small numbers of industries create most emissions. Things like oil and gas extractors are some of the largest contributors, which comes to about 38% of that 35% of industry.

The simplest solution to become involved: get educated. Education at the individual level with provincial assistance is one way to keep things moving forward. It will take all of us together, but depends on individual effort for oneself and in inspiring others. This can be done at the individual level by going to your local library or bookstore to find and read books that have relevant and reliable information about climate change and sustainability. Business people can incorporate the readings and knowledge into the business practices of whatever business you have. So this can be both short- and long-term with respect to implementation. There can also be intervention in the economy through tax.

A carbon tax is the typical term for it: pricing carbon emissions to incentivize governments, and provincial and local, to transition into the future energy sector. This can facilitate the incentives of movement towards a renewable economy and infrastructure across the province. These are some possible solutions. What will happen if we do not implement any possible solutions? There will be many negative effects, such as a negative effect on water sources. A world, or a province for that matter, scarce in fresh water can create tensions among communities and adversely affect health.

This is because water connects to both the food and the health of communities and individuals. It is the lifeblood of an ecosystem. For example, water quality, air quality, food quality, and so on, impact lung health, gut health, and so on. For those with children, this can affect their health as well. For those with community-oriented minds, this means one’s own health, as well as one’s neighbours, children, and grandchildren. In a broader sense of family, this affects the family of British Columbia. In that light, it both can’t and shouldn’t be ignored. The individual and provincial responsibilities form an interconnected system of responsibilities from individual self-education and provincial educational programs and everything in between. To flatter ourselves, this includes youth-oriented organizations such as Check Your Head through writing about topics of importance to current, upcoming, and soon-to-exist generations. Education is an act, but it is not activism. Education with an impact can be the catalyst. That’s where things begin. Individuals are inspired to act, make further impacts, and make the necessary changes.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Volunteer Stories: An Interview with Justin Rawlins

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Check Your Head

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/10/11

As the Youth Blog Coordinator, Justin Rawlins has been an amazing part of our Check Your Head team over this past year. He was one of our 2015 Volunteers of the Year and we’re sad to say farewell to him this fall as he moves onto new projects.

In this blog post, youth blogger Scott Douglas Jacobsen chats with Justin about his involvement with Check Your Head.

How did you find us at Check Your Head (CYH)?

A friend sent me the callout for CYH’s Democracy Check campaign, which focused on engaging young people in BC through digital media in the build up to the 42nd federal election. People can check out the Democracy Check archive to see some of the interesting and creative work that emerged from that campaign.

After the election, CYH was looking for a blog coordinator. I had such a positive experience with CYH during Democracy Check, so I volunteered for the position. And that was a year ago.

What tasks and responsibilities come along with your position at CYH?

The blog coordinator is responsible for recruiting volunteer bloggers and then coordinating and editing submissions. Most submissions go through multiple rounds of revisions, not because they are poor or deficient in some way, but in order to encourage writers to grapple with their ideas a bit longer.

What is the content and purpose of the written work through CYH – by others and yourself?

There are multiple purposes, but the one that I want to highlight is CYH’s blog as a platform for young people across BC to showcase some of their thoughts on the most pressing issues of our time. I was pleased with the quality and thoughtfulness of the submissions that I received on topics ranging from technological change to migrant justice to poverty to gentrification and beyond.

Did your education assist in writing your own work and editing others’ work for the blog?

I was a teaching assistant during my graduate studies, which prepared me for email exchanges and written feedback. I also learned a lot from Tahia and Aleks (former CYH staff members) during the orientation for Democracy Check, especially on how to interact with volunteers, because both of them are excellent facilitators and educators.

Also, university exposed me to a lot of different thinkers whose work I find useful for making sense of the world. I was able to pass some of that along to the volunteer bloggers, such as directing people to Edward Said’s work on Orientalism and imperialism or Ananya Roy’s work on poverty.

What is your post-secondary education in?

I completed a BA at SFU in political science and an MA in sociology. My MA thesis looked at the interconnectedness of urban and rural issues in Ankara, Turkey, with a focus on wheat cultivation and mass housing. More recently, I’m completing pre-requisite science courses, with the aim of gaining admittance to a physical therapy program.

What are some impacts you have seen in BC from the work of CYH – at all levels?

So much of formal education, especially at the high school level, is sanitized and avoids uncomfortable topics or presents them in a neutral way that justifies or entrenches existing power dynamics. CYH does a good job of unsettling taken-for-granted assumptions and a good example of that is their recent Inclusion and Anti-Racism project.

Also, CYH works with other organizations engaged in important struggles, such as the BC Health Coalition. I mention the BC Health Coalition because they have been a key player in confronting Dr. Brian Day’s legal push for increased private health care, a push that would fundamentally undermine public health care in Canada. And CYH has an informative health care workshop that unpacks some of the issues surrounding health care in general and privatized health care in particular.

Where do you hope CYH goes into the future?

This isn’t specific to CYH, but I would like to see the rules surrounding the political activities of charities in Canada revised, so that charities involved in advocacy work no longer need to fear costly CRA audits. The current restrictions are nebulous and stifle dissent. I hope CYH continues to reach young people whose curiosities about the world are not necessarily being met through formal education. Young people are not apathetic–contrary to popular belief–but many do appear to possess a healthy suspicion about the old ways of doing things. CYH’s workshops and projects encourage young people to pursue their curiosities and imagine new ways of doing things. To paraphrase Paulo Freire: education changes people and people change the world. CYH will continue to educate and activate young people on social issues.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Should you join clubs at your university?

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): College Rentals

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/02/21

Let’s say you are settled into the dorm, know the personalities that you will be dealing with for the next semester or longer, have become acquainted with the geography of the campus and can figure out how to plan your meals for the day and the class schedule alongside that too. What now? You have some extra time. You want to cram in as much undergraduate time into your own life as possible.

You have some time, but do not know how to spend it. Your friends are busy. You have done your homework, had lunch and the rest of the day is ahead of you. What do you do? You can look into clubs. If you look on the university website or the university student union website, then you can see the list of student clubs.

If you have trouble finding the list for the website, please look for an administrator or an assistance from the appropriate part of the university student union to help find the link. They are elected student officials, so they are beholden in service to you!

Once you find the right listing, and have time to look through them, you obviously have already decided that these are something worth pursuing by taking the time to go this far into the process – if not just for curiosity for what is one offer or for a peek into the campus culture.

But you can see the varieties of fellow students’ experiences with a potential offer for you. You can find offerings for varieties of faiths and non-faith groups. Whether Orthodox or Reformed Judaism or Humanist clubs, or debate club, a chess club, a video gamer club, a political club like Model United Nations, or a travel group’s club devoted to one of those “go see the Amazon” deals, and so on, the number will depend on the size of the student body and activity of the student community as well.

Do you want to become involved in the psychology community there? Then you need to look into the psychology society or association on campus because, maybe, you can find some connections into the research labs and other professional opportunities at the same time.

Should you be involved in the clubs on campus? You probably should. It can brighten an otherwise difficult academic experience with some variety in experience and may even benefit professional experience as well.

But once you made the choice, found the resources, and have chosen a club or few, how do you join and become involved? There is usually an email or a Facebook group with the possibility for direct messaging. If they do not have direct contact, you can always use those contact points to relay to the more relevant people responsible for membership within the group.

This is important to remember and can be an important life skill. If you do not have direct access to the right people, you can find your way to the right people with some effort and a little social finesse. From those valuable indirect contacts, you can then find the right people within the club.

Also, let’s say even after all of that time and effort, you find that you cannot find the right contact for the club or even a club that interests you. You just found another great area in which to contribute to the campus life.

You can take on a leadership role and then begin your own club. You simply a sufficient number of people signing on, a title and goal of the club, and then have to fill in the appropriate papers. Once filled in and submitted to the university student union, you can begin your own club and can then be that resource for others, who will try to reach you through email or Facebook. Try it out!

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Should you hire a dog walker?

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): College Rentals

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/02/09

When it comes to having a pet, you always have the positives of having the pet, which is simply fun. Dogs are loving, compassionate, and adorable pillows with legs. You can’t not love them. They are as irresistible to love as much as Stevie Wonder’s voice. They are just soothing.

But they do come with some problem areas because they are living beings. They eat, drink, sleep, poop, and need daily exercise. If they do not get those, as with most beings, they go a little looney, especially if they need that exercise to get around and live out their days.

The big problems have been largely solved because so many people have dogs and love them, even treating them probably in most cases as another member of the family if not another child or sibling. Dogs are great and often well-loved.

You can get prepackaged food just for their specific nutritional needs, even treat wants. You can buy them collars and beds and leashes and other toys/accessories to help improve their quality of life. You can have a specific poop bag or shovel and bucket to manage the waste product of the dogs. You can buy them special beds for sleep. Through those, you have all of their needs met, except the need to be outside – which for most dogs is a definite need.

You basically check the box on dogs needing walking regardless of type and then read the fine print about “How much?” Some need a lot; some need a little. But nonetheless, the ability to be able to take a dog out can be a hassle as with other chores because they are chores.

That is where dogwalkers come in. You can go on walks or runs with the dog if you would love to get your own outdoors needs as a living, breathing being too. But if you do not have time for that because you work, as with many students, or because of classes and time constraints, even energy limitations, then you may seriously want to consider a dog walker to help you manage that chore, that responsibility.

You have responsibilities, but want the benefits of a friendly house pillow that barks. One of the best things to do then is to set some finances aside to either completely or partially help with the responsibility, out of care and concern and compassion for the dog, of walking the dog.

It doesn’t take much. You can put out an ad online or even within the campus community to hire someone to help you with your responsibilities to the dog. So, you can have some time to yourself, more flexibility with your work, or be able to attend the class without worrying about Pebbles.

It is one way that you don’t have to be stuck between a rock and a hard place getting help through a dog walker. And if all else fails, find a friend, or befriend and make a friend, someone who simply cannot help but gush poetic for animals in general – and hopefully dogs in particular, you can see if they can volunteer for the dog walking responsibilities, which does a favor for you and for them at the same time in a win-win.

You get more time. They get a dog for a bit. Whether you hire someone, or get help from a friend, you can’t go wrong with a dog walker to help take Rocky to the park.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

3 healthy breakfast meals

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): College Rentals

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/02/09

You wake up, and want a meal, or simply even a snack. The fridge is full, but the contents are in pieces: damn. No prepared food: double damn. But you go to the internet and see this article…and you’re in luck! Scott’s here to help with some simple, healthy breakfast meals, morning snacks just for you:

The first idea is that if you have some oatmeal either in packets or steel cut. If you have the steel cut, it only takes some boiled water or a microwave plus some water. With the steel cut and boiled water, the process is a little bit lengthier, where I recommend a more in-depth way of doing it in about 20-30 minutes with a boil and then simmer (here).

Instant oatmeal is a little easier, as it takes water and the contents of the packets, which usually come with some extra sugar to sweeten the meal a bit more. Oatmeal is great and fibre-based breakfast for the morning.

Whatever means by which you take those in after cooking, they all have the same nutritional value – apart from the added sugar in the instant oatmeal – because they come from the same source. You can always add some sugar or honey if you want to sweeten the oatmeal some more, but, as with butter, it is extra calories and will be accounted for later either in the waistline or the diminishment of the total caloric allowance for the rest of the day.

Another healthy meal is not going to be a salad because this – granted a healthy meal but – not a quick morning meal. If you have the time, then the world is your oyster with the appropriate ingredients for a salad. The next meal on the docket would be a Seinfeldian trope: a bowl of cereal.

No, not you Fruit Loops, I am looking to the fortified and fibre-based cereals that have the healthy or good fats and the fibre content to make the meal worthwhile because, bear in mind, the more fibre and protein in a meal then the longer that you will feel full.

So, something like a bowl of Fibre One Original, Kashi Honey Puffs, or Kellogg Special K Protein, and others. Each of these can provide nutrition, whether vitamins and minerals, protein, or fibre, and can keep you going well into the later morning and early afternoon – just add a cup of Joe, or Joanne, (coffee) on the side.

The third one is a tiny bit complicated, but would be well worth it – as it can be both a meal and a snack. If you have some blueberries, or mixed berries, some low fat Greek yogurt, skim milk, and even a teeny bit of cocoa, then you have the makings of a nice smoothie.

Just add blender – I have that backwards, but you get the idea. So don’t despair, as the proper nutrition is right around the corner for you, and the proper meal is in the fridge when you get them; all you have to do is put it together, which, frankly, doesn’t take that much work…after all.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Grey is the new white

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): College Rentals

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/02/09

Good Morning!

Grey is the new white. You can see that white t-shirts haven’t necessarily gone out of style on guys and the black suits with white undershirts aren’t disappearing anytime soon for weddings and even funerals.

But grey is still the new white. If you look at the winter fashion, there will be some white, but white is a summer weather. You know, the weird white pants on men and okay white dresses on women going to the Bahamas for an anniversary vacation. Those folks.

You can see it. But grey really is the new white, especially for early Spring and the previous period of a rather odd Winter. Grey is something that you might want to consider not only mixing into your clothing and style but also into your own apartment.

You could think about shades of grey to layer the design scheme. White has a tougher time doing that. Grey also has a certain ability to allow a room to breathe. It is a neutral, relaxing color. Nothing too elevated or chic, simplicity can be its own sophistication if done right.

And if you combine and contrast with a variety of other colors, the room may even feel collected while being spacious. And insofar as I know, the painting over a grey background might as well be painting over a blank canvas, which can make the repurposing of the coloring scheme at later times of – ahem – colorful inspiration.

Also, grey has a certain vintage feel to it in addition to being relaxing, neutral. You can think about the old black and white films and how they portrayed people.

Even if the people are colorful, like in parts of that movie Pleasantville, the grey looks good and can stand out.

Grey: versatile, lovable, and better than white, whether clothing or interior decor and design…grey is the new white.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Best Roommates through history

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): College Rentals

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/02/09

You are looking for a place to take classes and so a place to live, but you don’t want to do it alone. As you’re looking at the various places to live on College Rentals, you nod off daydreaming about the possibilities of roommates. Who will I meet in my time in undergrad? You think about their possible quirks, good and bad, and what kind of compromises in personality you may have to make with them.

They’re worldly, but very messy locally – like the apartment. You can have great conversations but have to pick up after them… But what about in history? Who would be a great roommate for an undergrad in history?

Think, Abe Lincoln, everyone knows him or of him. What was his big trait? He was honest. If you had an honest and upright roommate like Abe Lincoln, how cool would that be? Someone you could confide in and feel comfortable expressing your innermost fears and biggest plans – who would give honest feedback. A confidante is someone worth having in your life, and even better if they’re your roommate. You would have an emotional security in person form.

Your mind may wander off into another domain like music. It drifts into the more modern era. You could be around this person when they are singing or rapping. Think about some of the biggest names now like Jay-Z or Justin Bieber, you could have one of the greatest lyricists or pop stars in the world right in your own place.

You would have Justin Bieber checking his Twitter and Facebook talking about all the Beliebers out there. Just a nice celebrity with a great, outgoing personality, you could have a lot of fun with someone like a Justine Bieber. Then with Jay-Z, you really could learn the ropes of how to hustle. Someone with a real gift for language and an acumen for business. Sharp on words and swift on negotiation, you could spend time learning how to do your own startup.

Another great person outside of honesty with Lincoln, an outgoing personality with Bieber, and learning about business with Jay-Z would be Oprah. You could talk well into the night about the issues ongoing in your dorm and relationship life. Imagine sitting down with your girlfriends trying to figure out what is going on with the cute guy in Anthropology class, then Oprah is there and she invites guests like Dr. Phil and Iyanla Vanzant to come in and give crucial life and relationship advice – and to figure out about the young man. Between the honesty of Lincoln, the positive extroversion of Bieber, business savvy of Jay-Z, and the social skills and advice giving of Oprah, you would be set for a college life of solid roommates.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

What to do when your apartment loses power?

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): College Rentals

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/12/17

You’re blasting away the last article before winter break, hoping to head home as soon as possible, and then wish to run off to the slopes for some snowboarding or skiing, or off to the coffee shop for a specialty hot chocolate with whip cream: then the power shuts off.

You didn’t save the file for a couple of hours, don’t know what to do, and probably don’t even have a candle because you only moved into the apartment a year ago, even as early as last September. Panic.

Despair and Darkness.

What do you do?

Well, since that is a hypothetical, one of the first things to do would be to have the conscientiousness to prepare ahead of time with some materials such as candles, not just for romantic nights, lighters, manually chargeable flashlights.

Then there are the things to do if these kinds of accidents happen in any case, charge your laptop, if you have one, and your phone, so that if and almost inevitably when this does happen you have some digital entertainment to prevent boredom.

If you were working on your laptop and the battery isn’t terrible, then you have the battery power to help you finish the article and then send it off once the power is back on rather than losing the article altogether and having to restart once the power is back on.

For your phone, if you have some fun games, you could play them on the apps that you downloaded ahead of time, which can help with the boredom of no electronics during a power outage. You can get lost in Mario or some other game that can pass the time. Also, you could text friends if you have a good plan and then organize something while you all wait.

That’s really it. Be prepare, have alternative lights, get your storage units for relevant electronics in order so that you can be able to continue your work or be able to have some fun or organize some fun by yourself or with others. That’s it.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Top 10 dogs for apartments, let’s start from the bottom of the top 10

Keywords: apartment-friendly dog breeds, best dogs for small apartments, Basenji apartment dog, Beagle apartment pet, Border Collie apartment suitability

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobse

Publication (Outlet/Website): College Rentals

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/12/17

Number 10 on my list is the Basenji. An awesome dog with lots of energy. A nice, compact dog for indoor folks such as ourselves. The coat is actually short and that is a big help while in an apartment. It is a good average starter dog for those without a lot of experience with dogs in their own place but still who love dogs to pieces.

Number 9 has to be the Beagle. What’s not to like? Small, cuddly, small coat, and almost looks like it was evolved for the indoors student. Not as excitable as a Basenji mind you, but, hey, maybe that’s your style.

The number 8 for me is the Border Collie. A friend of mine had two as a kid and they have a special place in my heart. They represent a dog for a small family, but have the levels of energy, cuddliness, and simply lovability of someone able to give them what it needs: food, water, and love.

7 is the Boston Terrier. “Terrifying,” said no predator, or prey for that matter, animal, ever. But cute indeed, and indoors, definitely more indeed. They’re only a slightly above a foot in height and weigh about 20 pounds on average. It is chaseable, feedable, and cuddleable. Get one!

Next to 6 is the Bulldog. Their hair is short, which is good for me because I am super, duper finicky about hair from dogs. It is unnecessary extra work, right? Then they’re tinier and weigh less, so there is a literally less surface area for hair to fall off of…I’m just sayin’. But! They won’t cause much trouble and are like the not-tough-looking but trying to be the tough kid in elementary school. They’re great.

5! Phew, already halfway there. I will make this almost an honorable mention because of their Taco Bell fame through the commercials: Chihuahuas. Pretty much the kind of dog that is like the car you first buy by saving money on the paint, so you go all white. Literally only a half to a ¾ foot tall and less then 10 pounds, tops. These dogs are built to be indoors because exactly everything outside could potentially kill them. They need protection, food, love…and did I mention your admiration for how they even survived this long?

Number 4 for me is one of the curveballs, but I did do some of the research and the Brussels Griffon is a cool dog. It is something of note to me because of the stature of such a small animal. They have a puff on their face that looks like a fur explosion from there nose outward. No joke, be Millennial, Google it. They are for those with a smaller dog preference with only an average amount of energy.

On the way to the top now with the top 3, I have to go with the Chow Chow. One: the name; if people ask, you can say, “Oh, that’s Mow-Mow. He’s my Chow Chow.” Two, or if you don’t want to have fun that way with the adorable little pup, you could keep in mind their obedience, reasonable energy, and decent – did I say cuddleable? – size.

Number 2, and I won’t cop out with a tie, I love the Daschund – which is a little nobler in tone than the “Wiener Dog.” It is a lovely dog, loyal, somewhat bright, and hysterical when it runs around the house. They won’t leave too much fur around and they are tiny, only 5 to 9 inches at the shoulder, so you could, technically if this is a concern, save money on their food bill.

The top spot dog for an apartment. The lab, I have a chocolate lab, which is a special item in my own heart because he is way, way, oversized at 110-130lbs depending on his patterns of hungry. I call him “Lunchbox,” affectionately. He is old and falling apart. But he’s been a fabulous investment.

Built to love and last. They come in multiple colors too, which is helpful and can be a good thing if you’re picky about the coloring of the pup. He makes life bright at the price of food, water, and some petting. Easy to maintain, good for big and small apartments, and very easy to train and manage as a pet. Nothing wrong with them, really.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Does your college credit score affect your apartment?

Keywords: college student credit score, student credit score and apartment rent, how credit score affects apartment rental, building credit in college, college credit score tips

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): College Rentals

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/12/17

You’re off to college. You pay the rent. You buy foodstuffs and make your meals. You gather student debt in the process of becoming a more educated member of the population. But then a creeping problem begins to rear its head as you start to end your undergraduate training, the spectre of a bad credit score.

As students in college or university, or trade school, we should keep in mind the possibility of a bad credit score, or a good one for that matter, while in training. First of all, what is it? How do you measure it?

A credit score is the credit rating, or grading, of a prospective debtor. An evaluation of you as a potential risk for debt. What is your worth to this individual or institution, typically a bank, in lending money to you?

There is a formal ranking for this. No need for specific details, but you can Google, Bing, or Yahoo it to gather some more information on that particular matter. More generally, the debtor is given the score based on a number of variables, come from them, in order to assess their financial risk.

“Will this individual be able to pay back their debt to me, the debtor?” that is the fundamental question. The consequences of life as a modern student can lead to bad credit while in university, so as to cripple your credit rating as you leave university.

You may be juggling finances, school courses, work, various familial and friendship even relationship commitments, but this is another concern as long-term as some of them because a credit rating can forecast accessibility to financial support through debt in the future.

The answer to the opening query is “Yes.” So, you best get your finances straightened out. Because there are some identifiable pressure points for risk. You should not apply for multiple accounts at once.

You need to have a payment history where you actually pay for your things. So, whatever account you get or card you use, you should use that card frequently in order to build a good credit rating. it shows reliability over a long period of time. That goes to the point of credit rating being a long-term investment.

Not only have an account history, but one showing payments of any – well – payments on time and in full. You should become an authorized user on your parents’ card as well as be on the lookout for the best and most reliable roommates, if you have any, as possible – look for the Big Five trait conscientiousness. Do not co-sign with your roommates.

Finally, protect both your own identity and the relevant intimate information you may have. By focusing on some of these pressure points, you can protect your credit score or rating and your own economic future, which is important even in university.

And even if you’re not an economics major!

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Read the fine print, the importance of really reading your lease

Keywords: read the lease fine print, importance of reading your lease, understanding lease agreements, tenant rights and responsibilities, apartment rental fine print

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): College Rentals

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/12/04

Fine print, it’s not as magical as peanut and butter, artificial and intelligence, or God and complex. But it is certainly a two-word phrase worth its weight in ink.

For the young or the immature at heart, the important crux of critical thinking enters with our own money finally invested into something…including apartments or places for rent in general.

As a binding legal document, a lease is the basis for renting; the foundation for a yes or no on stipulated terms behind a rental between a landlord (sometimes Satan, as with Ace Ventura) and their tenant (you).

The fine print is the part of the lease about specific nitty-gritties. And it doesn’t start there. It starts at a single distinction based on time between two types of these written agreements of which we are assumed to be signatories.

One is shorter term. The other is longer term. Rental agreements are a kind of lease you could say but only as short term versions of them set for a one-month or few month period.

A formal lease is longer, including six months and up. That makes rental agreements six and under in months. You need to pay close attention to those details in either of them because these will say, ‘Not allowed pets. This is expected behaviour or is the code of conduct. And not just of the tenant, the landlord has responsibilities as well.’

‘These are the names, first, middle, and last, of this apartment’s occupants.’ And so on. Not an easy or particularly exhilarating read, but a need, nonetheless. The Devil really is in the details, especially regarding the security deposit and how the darn thing will be used up.

The security deposit typically is used for the purpose of fixing damage that happens by the tenants, which amounts to money the tenant pays up front.

But this money *is not* a payment; it is a lending. The money is lent by the tenant to the landlord “in the case that…” I hope that’s clear.

Here’s another angle. If my friend spent all his money on a newer car, and is afraid of potential damages to the car when I borrow it for a month (analogy to a rental agreement), let’s say, then I sign a contract in the fine print stipulating that I will pay x dollars upfront at the beginning of the agreement for me driving.

x is paid to my friend in the case that I damage the car with reasonable expectations of damage (here’s the critical thinking bit, right?) to that previously agreed upon “reasonable” amount of damage. If not, then the money is paid back from the car renter (landlord) to the tenant (me, the driver) at the end of the contract or the month, or whenever it is stipulated in the contract. Make sense?

There’s lots of stuff like that. You have to be savvy. I suggest using more in-depth resources by simply Googling, Binging, or Yahooing the relevant key terms for more articles and information.

Or you can always get advice from a trusted confidante, mentor, or advisor.

You could save yourself stress and a couple hundred bucks. Sorry to sound like sad, but, “Be careful.”

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Online University Life

Keywords: online university living, college student housing tips, online university lifestyle, university student life online vs campus, flexible course intake online university

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): College Rentals

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/12/01

If you are like me, a university student or someone in college, you have to figure out a few things about living and sustenance. Where will I live? What will eat this morning? Where will I return to once I’m done with classes?

All of this is extraordinarily important. College life or university living involves, well, a place to live. Depends on your situation and the university, for example, you can live on campus or at home. You can take courses at an online university or a bricks-and-mortar university.

For my own situation, I have to take a unique perspective because I take courses at an online university. At this university, there are multiple points of intake for courses. I can apply by the 10th of the prior month and then start taking classes on the first of the next month. For example, I can begin applying on February 10 of the year and then take courses on March 1 of that same year.

It is extraordinarily flexible for a student such as myself. I suspect the same for others, such as those who may be parents. I am not, but this is likely factor for those other students. There are decreased costs, e.g. not having to buy a car, pay for insurance, pay for gas, or have to deal with the lost time involved in travel to and from the university grounds.

So, if you are going to be getting the college apartment, and if you are taking online classes for an online degree, then the best option may be any option anywhere for a place to live.

Because you can take the courses from anywhere, so you can select any living situation, whether with others or alone, at the best price.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Do you need cable?

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): College Rentals

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/11/23

Here’s a question for all fellow college goers: do you need cable? My short answer is no. It is a bit of limb to go out on, kind of a shocker, but I want to convince you: it is not a necessity, so not a need and only one want among many. Not because you don’t need it necessarily but have it as such a want as to seem like a need. Now, you can have access to YouTube and other sources of media for cheap or even free. So why not go for the free stuff or the cheap entertainment?

If you think that you need cable, then you’re probably living in the 1990s, which is around the time that you were probably conceived, e.g. Street Fighter was big and the boy band members were the hot new items (Growl). I would pitch an idea that you don’t need cable but you do need entertainment. Life would be relatively boring otherwise.

That entertainment can come in multiple forms. It can come from the concert; it can come from bowling; it can come from board games with friends. It can come from moderate and responsible drinking. It can come from various sports hobbies such as skiing, snowboarding, kayaking, running, tennis, and so on.

There are lots of things to do. The queue can seem endless. The boredom of twiddling thumbs in life, while waiting for the next exam, is not a possibility but an inevitability to be gotten through. That’s why entertainment is a need and many forms of it high-level wants.

Cable is meant to provide some form of entertainment. But it is a passive and low-level form of entertainment, especially for a time in life when you actually have the ability to partake of higher levels of physical activity. So why not take advantage of that greater range of possibilities? Don’t be a couch potato, unless you want to look like one.

Besides, these physical activities are all free for the most part, except for equipment cost. Just a bit of time, some friends, and a friendly competitive spirit to take the edge off the day to be put into a fun competition. Get out, breathe the air, play some hockey or go for a walk and talk while drinking coffees and window shopping with your girlfriends. And turn the darn television off for a bit. If not for you, then for me on behalf of you.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Tips to keep your apartment smelling fresh

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): College Rentals

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/11/14

You wake up. You’re tired. You rush to make coffee, run out the door, and scrape by the timer to get into a class at the right time. You clock out, come home, and just have enough energy for food and then go to bed. We’ve all been there.

The problem is your place can amass garbage, messiness, and begins to stink. So what do you do? Well, here are some door tips for the stinky place, most of which are disappointing in their banality and in their requiring work.

Tip one: keep tidy as you can. Messiness is the single biggest source of stench in my experience. When your clothes are piling up, the stench botch is as well. So be mindful of the laundry, including bed blankets and other things bound to stink.

Tip two: do the dishes. Dishes can pile up easy. I would recommend taking the farmer approach. There’s always manure. That needs to be picked up and shoveled out, daily. Make it a routine, it’ll become less exhausting. The place will be less messy with fewer dishes and will not only smell less in the kitchen but also look better. Aesthetics can psychologically take away from the sensation of the stench.

Tip three: get an odor neutralizer for the bathroom. Bathrooms, let’s face it, are horrifying. A place to shave and groom and pluck, to put on rouge and lipstick, and to excrete. It’s just an awful, gross admixture that also is quite obviously a place in deep need of stink-be-gone. When you go to the bathroom, you can use a normal spray to neutralize any potential smells, just leave it in an obvious place. Also, it can be a simple thing for guests to use too, which, as students, is common happenstance.

Tip four: buy a vacuum cleaner. The floor, like clothes and the sheets, can build up unpleasant odors, which require regular upkeep. If you have wood floors, get a sweeper or some equivalent for it, you won’t regret it. You could also look into a robotic floor cleaner if you want to invest in one to save you time.

That’s not it but it is a start, so get to it!

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Women’s empowerment in the sustainability industry

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): The Beam Magazine

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/03/09

Solar Sister eradicates energy poverty by empowering women with economic opportunity.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: The empowerment of women is a global goal enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDGs #5 (gender equality) and #10 (reduced inequalities). One major area requiring immediate implementation of long-term solutions is renewable technologies for sustainable development. Women are making strides in the renewable and sustainable technology sectors, as well as in the sectors of business, entrepreneurship and innovation, working to develop solutions to the one of the biggest crises facing the global population: climate change. The Beam asked two women leaders in the renewable and sustainable technology sectors about bringing women into the male-dominated sustainability industry and the industry’s relationship with women’s empowerment.

What is the most effective means of involving women in sustainability and renewable energies?

​Antonella Battaglini: I actually think that we need women to move into other areas beyond sustainability and renewable energies and bring their expertise and perspectives into the highly male dominated energy sector. Sustainability, despite major progresses, still remains a minor factor in industry development and strategies.

Only a few companies are making sustainability a fundamental pillar of their short- and long-term strategies and operation. So what is the most effective means to increase the number of women in the energy sector in relevant and leading positions? I do not believe that a quota can do the job although it may help to change mentality over time. I think we need to train women to be active and strong board members, and to increase their resilience in tough environments which are often contradictory with women’s family lives.

Barbara Buchner: It is positive that the issue of gender equality is now being taken seriously by many international organizations that are focusing on sustainable development and improving access to clean energy. The Paris Agreement explicitly recognized that action to address climate change should respect, promote and consider gender equality, which is a positive step forward. Similarly, mainstreaming gender equality into climate action is now a top priority for many bilateral and multilateral aid organizations, including the World Bank.

This high-level, political focus is of course welcome and to be encouraged. The challenge now is to ensure these goals and objectives filter down to action on the ground, and that gender impacts are considered and addressed in a meaningful way (rather than just a ‘tick box’ exercise). Training will be key — as this calls for a new model of development. Similarly, it will be vital to involve women and women’s organizations in stakeholder groups and consultations, and on steering committees of projects, so that they can bring their strong local knowledge to bear and to ensure the potential impacts on women are acknowledged and addressed.

Jacobsen: What is the relationship to women’s advocacy, empowerment, and rights to sustainability and renewable energies?

Antonella Battaglini: Women may have a reconciling role in society and the energy sector: they have been deprived of power over centuries and have developed interests that stretch more into the future. For example, they feel the urge to protect the environment for the well being of their kids in the future. While society is changing fast, a lot of times women still don’t acknowledge or use the power they actually have due to societal taboos and religious constraints. Sustainability is where they have found a space to grow without threatening the male dominated status quo. For a revolution, it will take much longer, I am afraid.

Barbara Buchner: Energy access and energy poverty affects both men and women in developing countries but the impacts for women are often more severe. Women are often responsible for many household activities including cooking and household and community energy provision.

Without access to modern energy services, women and children can spend most of their day collecting fuel, preventing them from pursuing employment, education, and other opportunities to improve their livelihoods. At the same time, indoor air pollution from cooking from coal, wood, charcoal or dung affects the health of women and children in particular. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that women and children make up the majority of the estimated four million annual deaths caused by indoor air pollution.

Therefore, improving access to clean energy can have a dramatic impact on women’s’ health, empowerment and ability to take up economic opportunities. Furthermore, efforts to improve access to clean energy can benefit hugely from the involvement of women. Women often have strong local knowledge and know-how about sustainable resource management in the local community and their immediate households. Conversely, failure to involve women can lead to increasing inequality and implementation of less effective projects and initiatives.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

How Online Censorship is Being Mapped in Real-Time

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Topical Magazine

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/06/27

As the spread of technology, especially communications technology, continues its march, the distribution of accessible information has swollen. With more of us using social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, the internet has become the new battleground for ideas. However, this media transformation has witnessed a groundswell of attempts by governments globally to censor information it deems threatening to national security and/or blasphemous (no name but two examples).

A notorious example of censorship was recently reported by American magazine Wired, which explored the controversial case of The Awami Workers Party in Pakistan, a new left-wing party many expected to jolt what has become a stagnant political climate in the South Asian country. Nevertheless, with July’s election beckoning, things took a worrying turn, mirroring global trends, when a series of reports materialised that people couldn’t access websites of opposition parties, including the Awami Workers Party.

Pakistan ranks low in freedom, and it has a long history of internet censorship, being ranked ‘not free’ in Freedom House’s ‘Freedom on the Net’ report for 2017. In the early 2010s there was a ban on YouTube lasting more than 3 years. The country also blocked Facebook and other Web sites, targeting content deemed threatening to national security and/or blasphemous.

The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority, a government of Pakistan agency responsible for the establishment, operation and maintenance of telecommunications in Pakistan, has been responsible for banning legions of sites in the country. A notable example is the website of Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), a secular party in the country, which has faced various attacks from the Pakistan Army. What is becoming apparent is that free expression for opposition parties in Pakistan to mobilise politically is increasingly in peril.

Nighat Dad, a Pakistani digital rights lawyer and activist, has worked tirelessly to stem the tide of internet censorship in her country. Aware of the dangers that online censorship in the country poses to democracy, she looked to the civil society group called NetBlocks for help. The civil society group works to collect evidence to assess the censorship of internet content.

Knowing full well the dangers of censorship, a worry that former US President Harry Truman noted in the 1940s, Dad is aware that once a government is committed to the principle of silencing the voice of opposition, it has only one way to go. That government becomes, as Truman posited, one engaged in “increasingly repressive measures, until it becomes a source of terror to all its citizens and creates a country where everyone lives in fear.”

The Founder of NetBlocks, Alp Toker, has stressed that the procedure used by the civil society group is quite simple. When reports are received that a website or platform is being censored, he passes on tracking tools to those affected by the blocks. The most simple of those is the web probe, which is activated by clicking a link on a browser and used to confirm reports of blockages and locate the extent of the censorship. The probe accesses any number of preset domains – which can include social platforms like Facebook and Twitter and messaging apps. The scans return a list of banned sites, including which areas.

“These are people from their own community standing up to collect evidence about something that is affecting them personally, and their right to free and fair elections,” Toker stated. “These are people from their own community standing up to collect evidence about something that is affecting them personally, and their right to free and fair elections.”

Netblocks also has a differential tool providing it the ability to operate remotely, identifying instances where the internet has gone down completely or tapered substantially. The tool was used to pinpoint shutdowns in Kenya’s controversial elections in 2017, including the Catalonian independence referendum in October, in which 4,000 and 5,000 people experienced an internet blackout during polling.

Always scanning for bloackages, NetBlocks also has a network of always-on hardware probes. In Turkey, for example, Toker has a slew of hardware probes directly plugged into routers across the country. In countries where NetBlocks has less presence, there are usually a few  probes, sufficient to warn when a big website disappears offline.

NetBlocks has also gone so far to develop a tool that estimates the cost censorship is having on a country’s economy. NetBlocks estimated that the total cost Sri Lanka’s economy after it shutdown WhatsApp and Viber was as high as $30 million (£22.6m). Moreover, it estimates that censorship incurred a whopping total global cost of $2.4 billion, and across 10 African countries they led to loss of $237 million USD over 236 days.

The Cost of Shutdown Tool (COST) will cover shutdowns affecting social media, key content platforms and full Internet blackouts using key indicators relating to the global digital economy.

Built around a methodology devised by the Brookings Institution, the tool estimates economic cost of internet shutdowns, mobile data blackouts and social media restrictions using regional indicators from the World Bank, ITU, Eurostat and U.S. Census.

Focusing squarely on Turkey in the coming future, especially after the country’s controversial June election, Toker says that things are changing. “The most egregious and most broadly harmful problems have been resolved,” he says. In the coming years, however, with various countries such as Pakistan, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine declining their internet freedom, as reported by the Freedom of the Net Report, Toker and Netblocks will surely be at front line of censorship reporting. “If we don’t act now, shutdowns and restrictions of access will continue to rise and the economic cost will increase over the next few years. At a time where developing countries can benefit the most from Internet access for economic growth, education and health, we cannot let this situation become the new normal.”

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

5 Science-Backed Tips to Boost Your Creativity

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Topical Magazine

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/05/07

New research continues to shed light on the remarkable ability for the brain to adapt and function better. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been a useful tool for scientists in this respect. For example, scientist Adam Green, director of the Georgetown Laboratory for Relational Cognition and president-elect of the Society for the Neuroscience of Creativity (TSFNC), is leading a team looking into how the brain can be “zapped” to boost creativity. What they have shown us is that the brain is remarkable in thinking outside of the box, but it takes both effort and time.

These are five science-backed, easy tips for better creativity:

1. The brain as a muscle – use it!

One of the first things is that the brain, like any other organ, acts like a muscle. It improves with practice. To improve the creative functions of the mind, you need to practice.

“Creativity isn’t made out of a magical fairy part of the brain,” Green cautions. “It’s essentially using all the same tools that go into doing everything else … but applying those tools in creativity-specific ways.”

Starting with something small is useful, such as writing Haiku poems, or trying out an instrument, or even creative writing. These help get the creative muscles flexed.

The positive side of the mind as a muscle is the ability to build, improve, and maintain high performance. Green points to an “age-old adage” in neuroscience that “cells that fire together, wire together”. In other words, the more you use your brain, the stronger the connections. The negative side is the ability for improvements, if not maintained or developed, to get lost.

2. Creativity needs order

You simply need to get it into shape. A rigid routine may help some with creativity, but what is needed is a creative activity at a rigid time.

“As strange as it sounds, creativity can become a habit,” says creativity researcher Jonathan Plucker, PhD, a psychology professor at Indiana University. “Making it one helps you become more productive.”

Creativity may best function for some in an environment restricted in time and space. That time and place becomes a space for planned imaginative activities. It could be visualisation, typing, painting, playing an instrument, and so on. You need to make this a routine while allowing space for open-mindedness.

3. Change the space or the time

Something that may help some more than others. Rather than a rigid routine, you can take advantage of a change of space or time to boost your creativity. Keep one rigid; make an alteration in the other.

“You want your physical and social surroundings to change,” says Robert Epstein, head research psychologist at the American Institute for Behavioral Research and Technology. “If it’s the same old stuff on the walls and your desk — and the same people you’re talking to — that’s not necessarily good for creativity.”

If you opt for a coffee shop, a beach front, or a library instead of a home station, then that is good. The point is to experiment and find out what works best given your skills and preferences. Some people need the constant hum of conversation that a coffee shop gives. Others need absolute silence from a place at home or at a library. But you could switch from mornings to evenings or from the outdoors to the indoors and so on.

4. Find the new to make the new

New ideas can come from new activities and observations away from our comfort zones. Do you spend a lot of time indoors? If so, take some time to go outside and explore nature, look at the flora and fauna. You can check out other surrounding areas to see the wildlife and gain new insights into other species. Why not go to new events, dances, wine-tasting, food conferences, science and technology symposiums?

“New ideas come from interconnections among old ideas,” says Epstein, who employs an exercise titled “the experts game” to demonstrate this. In the exercise a few people in a group with knowledge of a vague topic give 5 minute lectures. After learning about certain topics, such as the history of watches, everyone conjures up at least three ideas for new products or services.

These can stimulate new observations about the world around you. These new observations can then sit in the back of your mind until that prime time to incorporate them into creative productions.

5. Record, record, record

Recording ideas can be the basis for creativity, especially through richer, and richer records over time. The records reflect you at different times in life. Much creativity can come from the combination of your different selves.

If you have an idea, write it down. As people age, the number of creative ideas they acquire doesn’t necessarily slow, but they tend to capture fewer of them.

“Capture now, evaluate later,” says Epstein, who says his research has shown over and over again that capturing your new ideas is likely the most valuable aspect of boosting creativity.

So, exercise your mind, have order, change place or time if need be, try to find new things and knowledge to create new things, and record material worth recording to have a repository for future creative productions.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

3 Ways New Technology Will Transform Us By 2030

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Topical Magazine

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/04/18

More companies than ever are investing in exciting technology, such as artificial technology, that promises to change the way we live. 

Where will the world of science and technology lead us by 2030? Companies today are investing in exciting innovations, such as brain-machine interfaces and artificial intelligence, that will guarantee that our lives will transform exponentially in the future.

Companies such as Elon Musk’s Neuralink, Facebook, and DARPA are investing in how artificial intelligence (AI), the internet of things, and other technologies can better our lives. Such exciting technology makes not only for a more humanistic future but also a trans-humanistic future.


1. Body Augmentation

The coming years will see various body augmentation capabilities, enabling humans to be smarter, stronger, and more capable than we are today. This includes better abilities to learn. Insofar as general intelligence comes more from genetics, IVF will be better. Genomes and the abilities of organisms will be better understood. There could be selective gamete, egg and sperm, cell selection for different traits. Parents would have unparalleled control in child selection. Genome manipulation techniques are working on this.

Again, it will become cheaper, more precise, and better over the next 5-15 years. Not only wearables and implantables, but we could also have whole-body suits. For the military, there could be exo-suits to augment physical strength and endurance. Or the military could become for the most part autonomous.

Lifespans, by one metric, will go beyond normal human averages. In the next 5-15 years, the rich will take advantage of technology revolutions around us. Fortunately, the cost will decline, meaning that more of us will have access to it. This includes things such as wearable technologies.

People thought about chips implanted in the body, which sounds super futuristic. But think about heart pacemakers, Parkinson’s pacemakers in the brain, and so on. There are artificial insulin pumps in place of pancreases. Simple hearing aids too. These improve the lifespans of human beings. These wearables and implantables, let’s call them, are now and will be more user friendly in the future, better and at a lower cost.

What if we understood the operations of the human brain and we make it a computer code? It is not a person, but something like a personality without a body. That means the ability to replicate and transfer the brain’s computations to computers. That means a safeguarding of the mind into the far future. The business models will change. The wearables, the implantables, the augmentations, and the replications will change us. How will we relate to one another? Not only now in our speculations, but also in the coming future. However, are we wise enough to wield this power? Do we have an ethic to help us navigate these possible futures?


2. Faster, Transferable Thought Processes

One of the most exciting technological advancements is wearable and implantable brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), such as Elon Musk’s Neuralink, Facebook, and DARPA. These promise to radically transform the ways in which we communicate with one another. BMIs will change the way we type, the way we speak, etc. Providing us a means of communication that is at the speed of thought, it promises to relay our thoughts in truly unbounded ways. Facebook founder and SEO Mark Zuckerberg has described the following scenario: Today, when we share our vacation experiences, we upload photos and videos. With BMIs, I can share my full sensory and emotional vacation experience with my friends and family


3. Changing Societal Values

With huge advances in technology impacting almost every facet of our lives, there will be increased philosophical debates concerning how we should be shaping our lives. What should we be striving for? Is it a more happy society, a more intelligent one, or something different?

Given that we have the power to enact such realities, some ideals will take priority over others. An example: if the US decides to use technology that makes its citizens stronger and more intelligent, will other countries follow suit? These debates tap into the fulcrum of what it means to be human and what we should be valuing. Suffice to say, there will be considerable repercussions depending on what ideals are prioritised over others.

Are you ready to be a superhuman? Would you be willing to have your brain’s computations replicated and transferred to computers? If technology promises one thing in the future, it is that fundamental questions about what it means to be human takes centre stage.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Identification: to Wake Perchance to Dream” and “Roast Pigeon”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (7)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 29.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (24)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 15, 2022

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,762

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Richard May (“May-Tzu”/“MayTzu”/“Mayzi”) is a Member of the Mega Society based on a qualifying score on the Mega Test (before 1995) prior to the compromise of the Mega Test and Co-Editor of Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society. In self-description, May states: “Not even forgotten in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), I’m an Amish yuppie, born near the rarified regions of Laputa, then and often, above suburban Boston. I’ve done occasional consulting and frequent Sisyphean shlepping. Kafka and Munch have been my therapists and allies. Occasionally I’ve strived to descend from the mists to attain the mythic orientation known as having one’s feet upon the Earth. An ailurophile and a cerebrotonic ectomorph, I write for beings which do not, and never will, exist — writings for no one. I’ve been awarded an M.A. degree, mirabile dictu, in the humanities/philosophy, and U.S. patent for a board game of possible interest to extraterrestrials. I’m a member of the Mega Society, the Omega Society and formerly of Mensa. I’m the founder of the Exa Society, the transfinite Aleph-3 Society and of the renowned Laputans Manqué. I’m a biographee in Who’s Who in the Brane World. My interests include the realization of the idea of humans as incomplete beings with the capacity to complete their own evolution by effecting a change in their being and consciousness. In a moment of presence to myself in inner silence, when I see Richard May’s non-being, ‘I’ am. You can meet me if you go to an empty room.” Some other resources include Stains Upon the Silence: something for no oneMcGinnis Genealogy of Crown Point, New York: Hiram Porter McGinnisSwines ListSolipsist SoliloquiesBoard GameLulu blogMemoir of a Non-Irish Non-Jew, and May-Tzu’s posterousHe discusses: satori; attachment; a small “i” and a big “I”; intellectual analysis; “But I Hunger and Thirst…for the taste of Vagueness”; circularity; “Dogen Practice”; “Roast Pigeon”; the vagueness; the circularity; a particular, characteristic vague talk in the online chats; and the pigeon.

Keywords: Alfred Richard Orage, Blavatsky, Gautama Buddha, Gurdjieff, James Webb, Jean Klein, J.G. Bennet, P.D. Ouspensky, Richard May, satori.

Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Identification: to Wake Perchance to Dream” and “Roast Pigeon”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (7)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: “Identification: to Wake Perchance to Dream” is a woeful story, sort of. What is “satori”? 

Richard May[1],[2]*: I speak with no official authority about the Gurdjieff work, you should know. None …

I’m not sure that I’ve ever experienced satori. Maybe … But if I have, then I cannot describe it in any case.

But off the top of my head it is an altered state of consciousness (the term satori comes from Zen Buddhism, of course) in which everything is directly seen to be just the way it is in the present moment  — When running by the Charles River in Boston once or twice after long 40-minute runs everything looked like it was just the way it should be! The chattering mind had stopped. I just saw … it was somewhat ineffable … “Suchness,” tathata in Sanskrit. The Buddha is called tathagata, “one who has thus gone.”

People in the online chat groups would kvetch endlessly that they were “identified.” In any spiritual practice the goal is the practice, period.

Jacobsen: What exactly is meant by an “attachment” in this non-philosophy philosophy?

May: Oh, I was talking about online chats in the Gurdjieff work. After 10 or 15 years of being in “the work,” intelligent people did not have a clue as to the meaning of “self-remembering,” a very important fundamental concept of G.I. Gurdjieff’s teaching. Gurdjieff had an injunction that recognized that everyone was going to die, so people must be helped along the way, “The Fifth Being Obligation.” But after 10 or 15 years “in the work” intelligent chat participants often did not have a clue what self-remembering meant!

Gurdjieff’s pupil, J.G. Bennet was recognized as brilliant and he knew both Gurdjieff and Ouspensky, his foremost pupil. He travelled to Gurdjieff’s home and even met Gurdjieff’s father. Bennet read All and Everything, Beelzebub’s Tales to his Grandson 11 times and did not understand it! Where does that leave a person lacking Bennett’s advantages?

In addition after many years the pupils in my chat group were told that the teacher’s teacher had said to his pupils “in the work” that we have a “life time of errors in Beelzebub’s Tales to correct.” How could one understand this writing, All and Everything, the Gurdjieffian Bible, without knowing what the innumerable errors are? This tome was translated and written by committee, not by one person, not directly by Gurdjieff, himself. Belatedly you are told that it is riddled with errors. But Gurdjieff himself had what he called the Fifth Being Obligation. Everyone is going to perish and we don’t know when, so there is an obligation to not waste people’s time.

I was satirically contrasting attachments in Buddhism with identification in the Gurdjieff work. There is a saying in Buddhism that “Original realization is marvelous practice.” The meaning is that the practice is the goal. There is no Buddha, no path, no enlightenment. Just meditate. Follow the path.

Jacobsen: The distinction between a small “i” and a big “I” is implicit in the test with the smaller “i” in the identification and identity. Is this distinction purposeful, or am I seeing a ‘there’ that’s not there?

May: Test? Did you mean text?

We are all always seeing ‘a there that’s not there’! Was that a wave or a particle that just walked by? Often small i refers to the individual fictional ego-identity and big I to the ground of being, itself, the individual wave in the ocean and the ocean, itself.

Jacobsen: Why does intellectual analysis interrupt the potential attainment of satori or enlightenment? 

May: Intellectual analysis is fine during cognition, but not so much during a meditation practice. (Often people have random thoughts, but do not actually think in any case.) Having thoughts is fine, just let them pass. Patanjali defines Yoga as the “Cessation of the modifications of the mind-stuff.” No or less internal mind-chatter is Yoga.

Jacobsen: What is meant by “But I Hunger and Thirst…for the taste of Vagueness”?

May: Gurdjieff wrote of individuals who “hunger and thirst after truth.” In the Gurdjieff chats there was a plethora of vague talk. Vague talk is not truth. I was mocking what generally occurred in the online chats.

And there seemed to be no evidence-based research on the practices of attempted self-remembering (i.e., being present to oneself in the body, emotions and intellectual mind simultaneously) or on “sitting,” one of the Gurdjieffian meditation practices. But the work was claimed to be scientific.

Jacobsen: There is a circularity, sort of, to the path from analysis to not really analyzing to more analysis. Is this reflective of our constant intellectual meanderings away – and away and away, again – from satori experiences?

May: Yes, more or less. I was satirizing the attempted use of analysis to understand why there was endless analyzing. —  Just watch your mindstream of thoughts, your bodily sensations and emotions. The practice is the goal. There is no Buddha, no Dharma (law), no Sangha (community)!

Gautama Buddha was not a Buddhist, Abraham’s mother was not Jewish, hence Abraham wasn’t a born Jew, Jesus wasn’t a Christian and Gurdjieff was not a Gurdjieffian.

Jacobsen: The final quote from “Dogen Practice” states, “Original realization is marvelous practice.” Why is there no definitive distinction between realization of awakening and its cultivation?

May: To have such a distinction would get in the way of realization, create an expectation, make awakening less likely!

Jacobsen: “Roast Pigeon” continues, a bit, with some of the same ideas from “Identification: to Wake Perchance to Dream” “taste” and “vagueness.” What is the association between the vague and the gustatory in these two publications?

May: Gurdjieff said something to the effect that one cannot expect a roast pigeon to fly into one’s mouth in the Gurdjieff work. By this he meant that one must make an effort, constant effort. Work takes effort. It’s not a sinecure.

Jacobsen: Why must the vagueness be stolen?

May: Nothing can be given; Nothing will be given, by the teacher or by Gurdjieff. In Yoga, the Yoga is the effort, not some position. One must steal the truth.

Jacobsen: There’s the circularity in this one, too, with “being in question of being in question” or “pondering pondering.” Are most of our thoughts circuitous-ish? 

May: I was again just mocking the endless vague talk in chat groups about “pondering and being in question.” Must we ponder pondering? Can we question being in question? And ponder being in question? … staining the fragments of silence … “You are the space between your thoughts,” Jean Klein.

Jacobsen: At one point, the amorphous is juxtaposed with the precise in the phrase “certain vague talk.” A certainty in the vagueness, this seems paradoxical, so… traditionally May-Tzu – looking at the other side of the partition to apprehend the whole as with the silence between sounds, background & foreground. The fragments of silence are some of the “Stains Upon The Silence.” Glenn Gould talked about the silence between notes or the gaps in notes – and higher harmonics – as rites of passage in a way. He, so it seems with you, see ‘both sides’ if this can be conceptualized, as such. What do you see as “stains” in the silence?

May: By “certain vague talk” I mean a particular, characteristic vague talk in the online chats, not anything to do with probabilistic certainty.

Jacobsen: Also, what is the pigeon, and why roast it?

May: According to a Google search: “Roasted pigeons have been a well-known delicacy in France since the 16th century.” I didn’t know this, but it makes sense as a context for Gurdjieff’s saying. Truth and moksha (liberation) are not going to fly into your mouth effortlessly.

After decades “in the work” there are individuals who cannot cease smoking or lose weight. Yet unification of one’s being is supposed to be a fruit of the Gurdjieff work. Gurdjieff himself was an obese cigarette smoker with chronic bronchitis for thirty years, according to sources.

Gurdjieff’s most excellent pupil, P.D. Ouspensky at the end of his life was an alcoholic, or nearly so, and completely disillusioned with the system of the Gurdjieff work. He said that nothing can be achieved without the “higher emotional center” and we don’t know how to use the higher emotional center. The title of Ouspensky’s book In Search of the Miraculous was originally intended by Ouspensky to be Fragments of an Unknown Teaching. Fragments … Unknown … The publisher, however, chose the former title. Perhaps that tells us something. My teacher didn’t mention the fate of poor Ouspensky, for some peculiar reason.

Now some people remain “in the work” for more than fifty (50) years, which Gurdjieff would never have allowed. Some individuals today make a career out of “being in the work,” exactly as Ouspensky made a career out of the work, finally lecturing in London.

In The Fourth Way Ouspensky states that there are “no institutions associated with the Fourth Way,” Gurdjieff’s path. What then is the Gurdjieff Foundation, if not an institution? Ironically Gurdjieff’s own system predicts that this would happen. In the relative world everything turns into its opposite, a loose paraphrase of the relevant ideas.

By contrast Alfred Richard Orage left Gurdjieff and the work. After Orage died, Gurdjieff called Orage his friend, a epithet he rarely used, and implied that Orage had “created a ‘soul’” by saying that he hoped he went straight to ‘paradise’.

As someone said to me in a chat group, “The work doesn’t work, but I don’t know anything better.” He also said, “Human beings f*ck up everything they do and Gurdjieff did too.” I asked him what he meant by that and he replied, “You’ll have to figure that out yourself.” I already had.

Gurdjieff said “Believe nothing, not even yourself.”  — The Harmonious Circle by James Webb is an excellent book on the Gurdjieff work. Webb suicided.

Yet I think that there is much of value to be extracted from the traditional wisdom and psychological teachings of G.I. Gurdjieff, e.g., that humans are unconscious automata most of the time, rather than conscious unified beings with free will. We are incubators or wombs for the creation of a ‘soul’, which can survive bodily death. But the precious diamonds are often found lying deep in dung.

And “Most people can’t hear gray.” — May-Tzu

“To know means to know all. Not to know all means not to know. In order to know all, it is only necessary to know a little. But, in order to know this little, it is first necessary to know pretty much.” — G.I. Gurdjieff

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society.”

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 15, 2022: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-7; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Identification: to Wake Perchance to Dream” and “Roast Pigeon”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (7)[Online]. February 2022; 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-7.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, February 15). Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Identification: to Wake Perchance to Dream” and “Roast Pigeon”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (7). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-7.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Identification: to Wake Perchance to Dream” and “Roast Pigeon”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (7). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A, February. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-7>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2022. “Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Identification: to Wake Perchance to Dream” and “Roast Pigeon”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (7).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-7.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Identification: to Wake Perchance to Dream” and “Roast Pigeon”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (7).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A (February 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-7.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Identification: to Wake Perchance to Dream” and “Roast Pigeon”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (7)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-7>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Identification: to Wake Perchance to Dream” and “Roast Pigeon”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (7)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-7.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Identification: to Wake Perchance to Dream” and “Roast Pigeon”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (7).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 29.A (2022): February. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-7>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Identification: to Wake Perchance to Dream” and “Roast Pigeon”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (7)[Internet]. (2022, February 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-7.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links February be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and can disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Tor Arne Jørgensen on Nuclear Armaments: 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (5)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 29.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (24)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 15, 2022

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 3,918

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Tor Arne Jørgensen is a member of 50+ high IQ societies, including World Genius Directory, NOUS High IQ Society, 6N High IQ Society just to name a few. He has several IQ scores above 160+ sd15 among high range tests like Gift/Gene Verbal, Gift/Gene Numerical of Iakovos Koukas and Lexiq of Soulios. Tor Arne was also in 2019, nominated for the World Genius Directory 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe. He is the only Norwegian to ever have achieved this honor. He has also been a contributor to the Genius Journal Logicon, in addition to being the creater of toriqtests.com, where he is the designer of now eleven HR-tests of both verbal/numerical variant. His further interests are related to intelligence, creativity, education developing regarding gifted students. Tor Arne has an bachelor`s degree in history and a degree in Practical education, he works as a teacher within the following subjects: History, Religion, and Social Studies. He discusses:  atomic weaponry for the future trajectory of the world; the story of the Manhattan Project; the Americans reluctant to enter into the war with Germany; the anti-nuclear proliferation movements; main governments with nuclear weapons; the reduction and preventative capacity of nuclear armaments; nuclear arsenals acted as deterrents; historians who specialize; the Treaty on Open Skies; the current context of nuclear issues; the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF); President Vladimir Putin and (former) President Donald Trump; the implications for international nuclear safety; the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) and the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT); nuclear-weapon states and non-nuclear-weapon states; some important terms and concepts for future treaties; the main motivation for the treaties; Hypothetical scenario; the opposing case; Einstein; the Doomsday Clock; the systems; nuclear waste; and these nuclear issues likely remain with us.

Keywords: Cold War, Einstein, Franklin D. Roosevelt, genius, Germany, IQ, Manhattan Project, nuclear war, Tor Arne Jørgensen.

Conversation with Tor Arne Jørgensen on Nuclear Armaments: 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (5)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Next, we’ll talk about the nuclear armaments of the modern world now. With the splitting of the Uranium atom in 1938, the directionality of the world changed forever. The power to destroy en masse with minimal means at the hands of a few became available. Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the civilian centers’ victim to the American atrocities of dropping thermonuclear weaponry on other human beings in the midst of war. What seems like the crucial importance of the creation of atomic weaponry for the future trajectory of the world?

Tor Arne Jørgensen[1],[2]*: If one understands you correctly and I think I do, then the focus hereby is on the ability of each sovereign state to produce weapons of mass destruction in order of increased self-security by means of affirming their targets with higher accuracy, through missiles with longer distances capabilities, more destruction capability, in order of a total fear policy through pure desire to create a feeling as mentioned of self-security by their own want for position of sovereignty.

Jacobsen: A single coerced-into-writing-letter by Einstein to then-President Franklin D. Roosevelt set forth the Manhattan Project. How is the story of the Manhattan Project told in professional political historical circles? Duly note, Einstein was not involved in the Manhattan Project. He was a pacifist or had pacifist tendencies.  

Jørgensen: The letter that Einstein signed came at a time when the war was thrown into a state of total chaos. The world was to face its worst enemy to date, with galloping inconsistencies at any cost and by any means. Germany and their desire to develop nuclear weapons that had potential global dominance that we all at the time witnessed then and up through the ages in terms of what the United States let Japan’s two regions undergo in hope of ending World War II with regards to both Hiroshima and Nagasaki in late summer of -45. Racing to be the first to either end or start a war is equally wrong and that is what Einstein knew all too well and should later regret.

Einstein’s voice and fame was a key factor to ensure President Roosevelt’s ear and further ability to follow the advice given for the launch of the Manhattan project. A concerted effort to halt the domination of the Third Reich. Einstein was a pacifist in his belief in the impact of war on peace. But as I previous stated that everyone knows, war never leads to peace. Einstein was all too aware of this, whether they intended in the name of good nor evil. Leo Szilard applied to his former teacher Albert Einstein to get the impact needed in that he and the Hungarian physicist Eugene Wigner together could carry the signature that would be the fortification of the transition within the nuclear age and thus change the world balance for all time to come. The age of nuclear deterrent in the hope of world peace had now begone.

Jacobsen: Why were the Americans reluctant to enter into the war with Germany? Why did they eventually choose to enter into it?

Jørgensen: There are many reasons why the United States did not go to war against Germany, but what is most clear is the divided opinion after failed policies after WWI. The League of Nations and its outcome, furthermore the Great Depression, the despair of all the lives lost in the aid of other states at their own massive expense of human life, and to add an enormous economy expense made the United States divided in its privates to participate in World War II. The idea is, in short, that the United States takes care of its own interests to secure as well as strengthen itself by way of self-preservation.

Grounds for participatory engagement by the United States are clear, the attack made by Japan on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941.

Jacobsen: In reflection on the aforementioned, this means, still, America is the first and only nation to drop thermonuclear weapons on civilian targets on purpose. That’s a horrifying thought. How has this haunted international relations and politics, and helped the anti-nuclear proliferation movements?

Jørgensen: The devastating force that was confirmed by the United States’ use of nuclear force to end a war against an unjust state that Japan was and still is, the aftermath was all too clear. The memories and images that are burned into all our minds can only be understood as an eternal warning against repeating such a terrible deed to ever be repeated. The terrible destruction is all too clearly documented as the right obstacle to repetition and as a catalyst for the anti-nuclear movement.

The list to repeat this even now almost 80 years later will probably be deterrent enough to follow the current picture for the next 80 years further as well, one must at least choose to believe. The political agenda is then unchanged in its opinion to refrain from all use of nuclear weapons in warfare, and it is further believed that this is also not on the waning front of the world community, no to nuclear weapons will continue to advance for full force against disarmament of this type of mass-destroying weapon. The world has plenty of other material that can more than probably do the same benefit if one can put it that way.

The balance of power throughout the Cold War, the rearmament that was then all too clear and which crippled Russia economically, so that only the United States remained as the one clear superpower and by that changed a worldview that made the United States probably the most feared and the most hated authority, a world police whether the rest of us liked it or not. This has probably driven many of the other states to produce their own nuclear weapons to even out the differences, and possibly face the United States on their own terms. This is clearly not a stabilizing factor for securing world peace, nor the opposite, but it is perhaps what works best for everyone sitting on total power through fear of what the other person may or may not do.

Jacobsen: The main governments with nuclear weapons with readiness capacity known include Russia, the United States, France, China, the United Kingdom, Pakistan, India, Israel, and North Korea. What responsibility does this place on those Member States in the United Nations?

Jørgensen: There is a binding agreement or desired agreement on disarmament under the United Nations Convention of; disarmament, manufacturing and/or any testing of nuclear weapons by the member States and non-member states, also a non – aggression act towards any member state by use of nuclear weapons in any sense. This agreement act is being held to a certain extent but as we see today, North Korea is once again in the process of testing launches, not of nuclear weapons but you get the picture.

Jacobsen: What larger international responsibility is placed on all Member States, defined as such, including non-member observer states Palestine and the Holy See, for the reduction and preventative capacity of nuclear armaments?

Jørgensen: International prohibition and common front against all use of nuclear weapons in the application of sanctions against if any member state should take an upgrading path or non -member states that take the same course of action, this to prevent any form of a “final” nuclear war if one can call it that.

Jacobsen: During the Cold War, the nuclear arsenals acted as deterrents via duopoly of military giants locking proverbial ‘horns’ while retaining a mutual want of survival or non-annihilation. In the current era, if a headcount of the aforementioned Member States, we have 9 major national actors. For Russia and America with 90%+ of the global nuclear arsenals, what responsibilities lie with them, in particular?

Jørgensen: The power that lies with Russia and the United States is to focus on disarmament, to be able to be a stabilizing factor for world peace, to be able to act as a champion for bridge building through the re-creation of weapons of mass destruction through a re-creating forum by the renewal of increased clean power for everyone’s best rather than destruction to everyone’s worst. These two countries are responsible for holding both the East and the West in order to maintaining the status quo, i.e. the balance of power, but should in my opinion rather lead the way towards a new world environment of pure clean energy for everyone.

Jacobsen: How do historians who specialize in the matter view the August 2nd letter of Einstein?

Jørgensen: As I am not an expert according to the specific topics here, it seems to me according to what material is available, that a blurred lines can be removed to ensure transparency between the proper agencies. This can again be applied so that a recommendation from Einstein could again ensure that then President Roosevelt would convey thus present a guarantee that the request is fulfilled as intended.

Jacobsen: What is the Treaty on Open Skies?

Jørgensen: Proposal by Eisenhower in 1955 and expanded later in 1989 by Bush senior, including a joint signature of voluntary participating states, allowing aircraft from other states to fly into one’s own airspace to create transparency of other states’ military activities. There are 33 member countries from NATO and the Warsaw pact that was concluded March 24, 1992. Further comes the agreement on Passive quota which is the number of observations that a state is required to accept from other states, and active quota which are the actual observations to be carried out of by foreign states.

This is a great safeguard with regards to secure evidence to a large extent against the armament of nuclear weapons. Norway has today committed itself to 7 flights in accordance with the terms of agreement thus to ensure that our own military does not put itself in an active rearmament situation. This of course also applies to the extent that we have a lot of NATO exercises towards the border with Russia, something they been known to have repeatedly opposed verbally at top government level. There is also a lot in the media about high level diplomacy between Norway and Russia according to the topics mentioned here.

Jacobsen: What is its relevance to the current context of nuclear issues?

Jørgensen: Will highlight here the obstacle of increased military commitment by the development of nuclear weapons, which has been uncovered in Iran over the past 10 years. Furthermore, it has emerged that North Korea has built up its nuclear arsenal, which is very regrettable for overall world security.

Jacobsen: What is the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)?

Jørgensen: The 1987 agreement between the United States and the then Soviet Union and their respective presidents Reagan and Gorbachev, in which the agreement consisted of disarming medium-range missiles armed with nuclear warheads. This made it possible to abolish an entire category of weapon systems towards a safer world, whereby global stability was more aimed at mutual trust through mutual understanding of brotherhood and not through fear spreading propaganda of upscale nuclear arms.

Jacobsen: Why did President Vladimir Putin and (former) President Donald Trump pull out of it?

Jørgensen: The short version is that the United States believed that for several years Russia had violated the agreement signed in 1987, by trial testing regarding missile category thus a clear violation of the signed mutual agreement. This was the reason why the United States withdrew from the agreement. Russia, for its part, has repeatedly denied the allegations in a statement issued stating “Similar, baseless allegations concerning Russia’s intelligence have been made more than once.”

Jacobsen: What are the implications for international nuclear safety given the progress from its inception in 1987 and destruction in 2019?

Jørgensen: The implications of the breach of agreement go back to a kind of “Cold War” scenario that Putin says in the media today with regards to the NATO allies a look back at the uncertainty about nuclear war that covered the world for decades. What is happening today between Russia and Ukraine is inevitable in this context, as war is once again on the doorstep of all of us with unforeseen consequences.

Jacobsen: How important were the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) and the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) for global geopolitical stability?

Jørgensen: The idea behind these two programs for testing nuclear weapons in space, on land or under water, and disarmament to change the focus from weapons status to a source of clean energy towards a climate-focused society, is all well and good. The only problem is that some of the most powerful and best equipped states choose to say A but not B, they are initially friendly and shows a hint of partly agreement that these are good programs to join, but when the balance of power is changing, well countries like Pakistan will not nor India join when the other party does not want to.

Furthermore, as I said, the United States has joined part 1, but not part 2 of the agreement program, that is, signed with not committed, and then it carries back to the start again. Letting go of power, thus seeing a possible loss of that power for those countries that look upon themselves as gamechangers on a global scale, or see the profits promoted by the gains of nuclear technology, will not yield the obvious gains in either long term or short term. Finally, this is about power security were to let go of one known scenario outcome to give into a new and unknown one may seem like an insecure draw of cards to make; thus the result is already given in advance.

Jacobsen: For the categories of nuclear-weapon states and non-nuclear-weapon states, how might future treaties utilize such terminologies to clarify intents, obligations, responsibilities, and rights?

Jørgensen: By putting pressure from the non-nuclear states onto the states that have nuclear weapons to ratify their plans for the obligation to disarm, limit, transform and secure the waste in safe storage facilities. Will also point out that Norwegian Physicians Against nuclear weapons (NLA) national branch of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) is actively working for the disarmament of nuclear weapons. We are working well in cooperation with the Norwegian authorities to put pressure on the states that are hesitant to commit to a disarmament plan.

This done so that the commitment can enable a reducing unintentional for a safer future. The fact that private organizations in collaboration with non-nuclear states can, to the extent they can, influence enough for change to take place is then the best answer one can give me here about bonds, and active responsibility through pressure from external factors.

Jacobsen: What might be some important terms and concepts for future treaties to consider for improved deterrence capacity frameworks?

Jørgensen: To have a steady balance of power in the world between two dominant actors as during the Cold War between USA and Soviet Union, with the intention that none of the actors was willing to annihilate the world. This balance of fear should not determine the world of tomorrow in the hope that we can continue to live in peace.

The fact that nuclear military power today when we only have this one planet to live on should, in the undersigned opinion, not form the basis for living in peace. The fact that extended use of a missile defense system by the USA as an extended deterrent, and accelerator for the exercise of the terrorist balance. Not to mention terrorist organizations and their role in influencing the current balance of power in any negative direction to end today’s existence.

Jacobsen: What is the main motivation for the treaties? Do these treaties seem to work in increasing the level of safety?

Jørgensen: Self-preservation, and no I do not think so, not as a clear intent of global stability.

Jacobsen: So far, we have talked about the NPT, CTBT, INF, and TOS. There are a bunch of others including SALT I, SALT II, START I, START II, START II Framework, SORT Moscow Treaty), and New START. There are many covering different dynamics of the nuclear issue. Hypothetically, let’s pretend the entire world framework for nuclear deterrence in the form of treaties is shredded, what happens?

Jørgensen: Today, one still sees that the need for protection through deterrence through the possible use of nuclear weapons is as relevant today as during the Cold War. Countries such as North Korea, Russia and China are investing more and more to secure their own national status as a nuclear power to reckon with if any events occur that could possibly shake one’s statuettes.

It is pointed out by various groups that are in favor of disarmament of these types of weapons around the world that today’s society is overdue for a change in security conditions where the nuclear power has lost its role. Finding fully automated weapon systems, we turn our gaze to space and those who may bring this that may threaten our existence as a species. But just look at NATO, which can largely be described as a nuclear alliance, no, the age of nuclear weapons is not in decline, no not in any way, quite the opposite in fact as I see it. So, to sum up, do we need nuclear weapons today, yes maybe more now than ever before? This brings me back to the question of origin, “what happens if all the treaties are shredded”, I guess a complete global fire sale of governing security.

Jacobsen: Let’s take the opposing case, the INF is reinstated, NPT, CTBT, INF, TOS, SALT I, SALT II, START I, START II, START II Framework, SORT Moscow Treaty), and New START remain and others begin to build on them. What happens to the nuclear issue?

Jørgensen: A continuation of the status quo, possibly an increased status of the status quo.

Jacobsen: Ideally, what would happen in regards to the nuclear issue stability as deterrence or elimination of the nuclear option throughout the world, or some other option?

Jørgensen: Some outcomes of what has been mentioned above does not at present time seen as a possible deviation of possible events. But this does not mean that a third alternative cannot arise that has not yet been anticipated and that may or may not tip the scales away from the two mentioned outcome, i.e. an unknown outcome.

Jacobsen: Einstein, unbeknownst to many, was a key player in the prevention of the attempts at manufacturing and stockpiling of nuclear armaments. He argued for a supranational authority as a deterrent because he considered the bomb inevitable. What hasn’t been instituted, which could act as another bulwark against guaranteed mutual annihilation from nuclear war?

Jørgensen: An overarching body. What is meant by that, well today it is left to the nuclear states not to comply with the plan of attack. Where deterrence is the one reason for not attacking and endangering the lives of all of us. If then the UN, or NATO, as a function is in the mindset the overriding body so as not to hand over all responsibility to the individual country.

There are many supreme bodies that can try the individual country’s decisions and at best reverse decisions that violate human rights and so on. What if when it comes to the danger of nuclear war, that the deterrent factor is dropped from the individual country and is overruled by a common union for the preservation of these weapons is set up. Could such a common international body be tested faithfully? It’s the only thing I can think of that power relinquishes – every single country and is protected under a community that most likely does not allow the use of nuclear weapons ever again.

Jacobsen: Human beings made this problem. Human beings must solve this problem piecemeal, probably. What can move the Doomsday Clock dial farther from midnight in the midst of strongmen political gamesmanship, and direct attacks on an international rules-based order and on the rights-based global system of governance?

Jørgensen: Through global cooperation for a safer everyday life, overthrow of standing directives, further by a common front on both sides. Change basic structures through global cooperation, but all this is just utopia.

Jacobsen: There have been a number of instances in which the systems controlling much of the nuclear arsenals have failed with the implied consequence as the annihilation of the human species if not for human intervention. One was the NORAD computer chip malfunction, or more than one in fact. The Cuban Missile Crisis was another. The SACPNORAD communications error yet another. The training tape accident of 1979 was still another. Still another, and on home turf, the Norwegian rocket accident along the northern border of Russia, which plunged into the ocean. Why, if the nuclear are to be kept, should the systems be modernized simply for safety reasons?

Jørgensen: The use of nuclear weapons in any such state is not safe, nor can it be safe. A modernizing condition, or type of upgrade for safety reasons is not advisable due to the release energy potential of the components. The financial gains that follow at both ends advocate the security gain. No, it can be concluded that to modernize to secure, rather to break down or turn into productive environmentally sustainable energy.

Jacobsen: What are some other issues to do with nuclear waste from the stockpile that need some immediate consideration and management?

Jørgensen: Proper storage is a key issue here, storage under water is to some extent what needs to be addressed, it is no longer in extended use for the risk that this poses if leaks should occur for the sea areas in question. What should also be looked at is to move the waste out into space and remove it that way now that Elon Musk and his Space X and or Jeff Bezos` Blue Origin is aiming toward an increase travel schedule for transport into space, also to investigate the use of nuclear reactors as propulsion measures for the space rockets in a much larger extent. But littering in this way is also not, in my opinion, a sustainable solution either. What I am brought back to is transforming the mindset of reintroducing nuclear waste into a resource for environmentally sustainability.

Furthermore, of what should be discussed to a much greater extent than today, let us make use of this clean energy in an innovative and functional way, which is what society is benefited by as a way towards a transition over to a more viable alternative energy source as a direct result with regards to a change of course due to the fossil replacements within a short period of time.

Jacobsen: How will these nuclear issues likely remain with us, even as anthropogenic climate change or human-induced global warming continue to loom over the horizon as two of the three heads of the proverbial Cerberus?

Jørgensen: Today’s thinking is based on additional cost and limitation of visionary implements. Cost must go down, it must be seen as an meaningful act towards key actors within government officials, the feud over military accumulation must change, in anticipation of possible future artificially intelligent forms that can help us naïve mortals to see a new solution to the problem, if then, it is not us as creators of the problem who is the problem and by that is in need of a solution…

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Tor Arne Jørgensen is a member of 50+ high IQ societies.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 15, 2022: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jorgensen-5; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Tor Arne Jørgensen on Nuclear Armaments: 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (5)[Online]. February 2022; 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jorgensen-5.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, February 15). Conversation with Tor Arne Jørgensen on Nuclear Armaments: 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (5). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jorgensen-5.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Tor Arne Jørgensen on Nuclear Armaments: 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (5). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A, February. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jorgensen-5>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2022. “Conversation with Tor Arne Jørgensen on Nuclear Armaments: 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (5).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jorgensen-5.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Tor Arne Jørgensen on Nuclear Armaments: 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (5).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A (February 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jorgensen-5.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Tor Arne Jørgensen on Nuclear Armaments: 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (5)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jorgensen-5>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Tor Arne Jørgensen on Nuclear Armaments: 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (5)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jorgensen-5.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Tor Arne Jørgensen on Nuclear Armaments: 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (5).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 29.A (2022): February. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jorgensen-5>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Tor Arne Jørgensen on Nuclear Armaments: 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (5)[Internet]. (2022, February 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jorgensen-5.

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Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Love, God, and Online IQ Testing Platform: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 29.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (24)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 15, 2022

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,958

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Iakovos Koukas is the President and Founder of THIS High IQ Society, 4G High IQ Society, BRAIN High IQ Society, ELITE High IQ Society, 6N High IQ Society, NOUS High IQ Society, 6G High IQ Society, NOUS200 High IQ Society, GIFTED High IQ Network, GENIUS High IQ Network, GENIUS Initiative, GENIUS Journal, IQ GENIUS platform, and Test My IQ platform. He is the author of the GIFT High Range IQ Test series, the GENE High Range IQ Test series, the VAST IQ Test series, and the VICE IQ Test series. He was won the WGD Genius of the Year 2015 Award for Europe, the VEDIQ Guild Intellectual Leader of the Year 2019 Award, and the Global Genius Directory Award of the Year 2021, for his contributions to the global high IQ community. He discusses: the new online IQ testing platform; the one major lesson in love; Orthodox Christian roots; a sense of purpose in life; practical lessons of professional learning; the smartest person; the wisest person; the most creative person; the legacy of accomplishments; the attributes of God; the purpose of human beings; passages of the Bible; scientific discovery; the range of IQ scores; Jesus Christ; theological arguments; “His” existence; passages in the Bible and theology; the creation of GENIUS High IQ Network; WGD Genius Of The Year Award Winner — Europe and VEDIQ Guild Intellectual Leader Of The Year 2019; alternative tests; fiction novels, philosophical essays, poetry collections, and scientific papers written; the GIFT High Range IQ Test and GENE High Range IQ Test; and final thoughts or feelings.

Keywords: genius, GENIUS High IQ Network, Greek, Iakovos Koukas, intelligence, IQ.

Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Love, God, and Online IQ Testing Platform: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (2)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: What is the new online IQ testing platform you’re developing?

Iakovos Koukas[1],[2]*: My new online IQ testing platform will be named Test My IQ. It will host only timed IQ tests and articles on IQ testing and its importance. IQ tests will be of high quality and various types: verbal, numerical, logical, spatial, and mixed. The authors of the tests (except myself) are Theodosis Prousalis, Anthony Lawson, and Christian Backlund. Currently, I am collaborating with Hans Sjoberg’s IQexams website for the standardization of the tests. The platform will be online by the end of February.

Jacobsen: What is the one major lesson in love, not in an abstract sense, learned from your parents and grandparents?

Koukas: The major lesson is that true love is unconditional. The kind of love that you don’t base it on what someone does for you in return. You simply love them, do whatever is necessary for their well-being, and want nothing more than their happiness. Unconditional love is selfless love.

Jacobsen: How do rich Orthodox Christian roots provide a firm foundation in faith for the family?

Koukas: Orthodox Christian roots mean more than being religious. It is related to very specific teachings, traditions, lifestyles, and values. It is a value system that provides a very firm foundation of faith. Orthodox Christian roots mean a combination of values and traditions from the Byzantine culture and the Hellenistic culture.

Jacobsen: From your parents’ and grandparents’ love stories, and the experience of social isolation and school bullying, you developed a sense of purpose in life. What is this purpose of life to you?

Koukas: There are two significant lessons learned from these experiences: unconditional love is the most important thing in life, and nobody can stop you from fulfilling your dreams even when you are entirely different from others. The purpose of life is to find and spread unconditional love and to fulfill your dreams without being discouraged by the obstacles that others put in your way.

Jacobsen: Out of the work and studying in banking services, shipping industry, investment banking, merchant acquiring, writing, and psychology-psychometrics, what were the practical lessons of professional learning for you?

Koukas: Building strong relationships with other people is the most important thing in any professional field. In every aspect of life, you need to provide some form of service to other people, and since every person is different, the kind of service you provide should be different as well.

Jacobsen: Who is the smartest person you’ve ever met or known about at-a-distance?

Koukas: One of the smartest people I have ever met was Michael Fightmaster, but he is no longer with us. The smartest people I know now are the board members of GENIUS High IQ Network: Dalibor Marincic, Daniel Pohl, Domagoj Kutle, Victor Hingsberg, YoungHoon Kim, and Marios Prodromou.

Jacobsen: Who is the wisest person you’ve ever met or known about at-a-distance?

Koukas: The wisest people I have ever met were my parents. I remember one of my mother’s wise quotations: “Even if you do a good deed for a selfish purpose, it is still a good deed because you ease someone’s pain and suffering.”

Jacobsen: Who is the most creative person you’ve ever met or known about at-a-distance?

Koukas: One of the most creative people I have ever met was my best friend, George. He was constantly writing novels, essays, and poetry collections, trying to solve unsolved problems in mathematics, developing innovative theories in quantum physics, and discovering new winning chess strategies.

Jacobsen: At the end of life, what do you hope to be the legacy of accomplishments for you – the memory of you?

Koukas: I want to be remembered as a person who helped his fellow human beings with his endeavors and creations and took initiatives that promoted humanity’s overall well-being.

Jacobsen: What are the attributes of God?

Koukas: God is omniscient (all-knowing), omnipotent (all-powerful), and omnibenevolent (supremely good). God knows everything, has the power to do anything and is perfectly good.

Jacobsen: As a “Christian Orthodox,” what is the purpose of human beings within the “Universe” “He created”?

Koukas: The purpose of human beings within the Universe is to glorify God, live a life of love, use their gifts in the service of other people, and work hard at making this world a better place to live.

Jacobsen: What passages of the Bible mean the most to you?

Koukas: “Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. Love never fails. But where there are prophecies, they will cease; where there are tongues, they will be stilled; where there is knowledge, it will pass away.”

— 1 Corinthians 13:4-8

Jacobsen: What scientific discovery seems the most significant in the history of humanity to you?

Koukas: Electricity. It constantly penetrates human activity, this world, and every aspect of life; therefore, its discovery can be considered the most influential and important of all time.

Jacobsen: With the range of IQ scores among top scorers on these tests, what score seems the most accurate to the fixed IQ for you?

Koukas: I cannot tell for sure for two reasons. The first reason is the margin of error in IQ measurement, especially in the high range. The higher the IQ score, the larger the margin of error. The second reason is neuroplasticity. IQ is not something fixed. The brain can modify, change, and adapt both structure and function throughout one’s life. Psychological stress and certain neurological diseases can lower IQ while reading books and learning new skills can increase IQ. Therefore, I do not really know which score can be considered as my true IQ score.

Jacobsen: Who is Jesus Christ to you, and to the broader Christian Orthodox world?

Koukas: Jesus Christ is the Son of God or God the Son. God exists in three coequal, coeternal, consubstantial divine persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ), and God the Holy Spirit, and all three distinct persons share one essence.

Jacobsen: With “God as the first cause and last end of the universe… the Alpha and Omega… [and] the purpose of everything,” what theological arguments make the most sense, and argue for, the existence of God?

Koukas: One of them is the fine-tuning argument: there are several universal constants and measured values in the universe that, if they were changed by minimal amounts, would preclude the existence of life. As theoretical physicist Paul Davies said, “The appearance of design is overwhelming.” Another one is the argument from consciousness: correlations between brain states and conscious states of persons require explanation but cannot be given an adequate scientific explanation. The best explanation of these correlations (and human consciousness) is that they are the result of the work of a purposeful supernatural being, which is God.

Jacobsen: What, in the phrase “His living and non-living creations” indicate “His” existence to you?

Koukas: God exists in three Persons: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. One can think that a triune God would create beings in His image. The Christian doctrine states that human beings are created in the image of God. Indeed, humans have a triune form: mind, body, and soul. We can see other trinities in nature as well. For example, all atoms are made of three basic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Space itself has three dimensions: length, width, and height. There are many more triadic patterns, which I describe in my treatise, The Rule of Three.

Jacobsen: What passages in the Bible and theology provide the most accurate depiction of the “Second Coming of Christ”?

Koukas: “Immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. Then will appear in heaven the sign of the Son of Man, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory.”

–Matthew 24:29-30

Jacobsen: What was the inspiration for the creation of GENIUS High IQ Network, and THIS High IQ Society, 4G High IQ Society, BRAIN High IQ Society, ELITE High IQ Society, 6N High IQ Society, NOUS High IQ Society, 6G High IQ Society, NOUS200 High IQ Society, GIFTED High IQ Network?

Koukas: I became a member of several online high IQ societies a year before I joined Mensa, and I realized that most of these online high IQ societies and networks have no real-life purpose, and they don’t have to offer something useful to humanity. I was inspired by their non-purpose to create high IQ networks and societies that will have two specific purposes: bring together highly intelligent individuals so that they can meet their peers and have meaningful interactions and select the most gifted and creative among them who would be willing to contribute towards the advancement of humanity. GENIUS is the acronym for Global Evolving Network for an Intellectually Upgraded Society. GENIUS serves the high IQ community by maintaining a hospitable and civilized environment for constructive interaction, meaningful engagement, critical analysis, and respectful sharing of ideas between its members, and serves the global society by promoting humanitarian actions through the GENIUS Initiative.

Jacobsen: What do awards such as WGD Genius Of The Year Award Winner — Europe and VEDIQ Guild Intellectual Leader Of The Year 2019 mean to you?

Koukas: Such awards mean that my friends in the high IQ community recognized my efforts towards the advancement of the community. I am truly humbled and honored that I have met such bright minds who are also good people.

Jacobsen: What alternative tests developed, by you, seem the most difficult for testees?

Koukas: My verbal IQ tests, either timed or untimed, seem difficult for many testees, sometimes for the vocabulary used in some items and sometimes for the scientific terminology used in some other items. Provided that they are not too dependent on crystallized knowledge, and they are solely focused on pattern recognition, I think that verbal tests designed for the high range should make use of a more advanced vocabulary and more complex scientific terminology because people in the high range have a higher ability to handle advanced concepts in general.

Jacobsen: Of those fiction novels, philosophical essays, poetry collections, and scientific papers written by you, what took the most effort, meant the most to you?

Koukas: My latest two treatises, The Rule of Three and Between Cosmos and Consciousness, probably took the most effort and meant the most to me.

Jacobsen: With the GIFT High Range IQ Test and GENE High Range IQ Test, what abilities does each test tap?

Koukas: GIFT and GENE are both series of verbal and numerical tests. They mostly measure one’s verbal or numerical abilities, but they are also designed to estimate FSIQ or IQ or g with great accuracy.

Jacobsen: Any final thoughts or feelings based on the interview?

Koukas: I want to thank you for this interview, dear Scott. Your questions were quite diverse and detailed, and you covered the most important issues. There are things here that I am sharing for the first time in public. I hope that the readers were able to know more aspects of my personality and my worldview.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Iakovos.

Koukas: You are most welcome, dear Scott. Thank you for giving me this opportunity.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] President & Founder, THIS High IQ Society, 4G High IQ Society, BRAIN High IQ Society, ELITE High IQ Society, 6N High IQ Society, NOUS High IQ Society, 6G High IQ Society, NOUS200 High IQ Society, GIFTED High IQ Network, GENIUS High IQ Network, GENIUS Initiative, GENIUS Journal, IQ GENIUS platform, and Test My IQ platform.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 1, 2022: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-2; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Love, God, and Online IQ Testing Platform: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (2)[Online]. February 2022; 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-2.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, February 15). Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Love, God, and Online IQ Testing Platform: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-2.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Love, God, and Online IQ Testing Platform: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A, February. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-2>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2022. “Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Love, God, and Online IQ Testing Platform: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-2.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Love, God, and Online IQ Testing Platform: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A (February 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-2.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Love, God, and Online IQ Testing Platform: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-2>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Love, God, and Online IQ Testing Platform: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-2.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Love, God, and Online IQ Testing Platform: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 29.A (2022): February. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-2>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Love, God, and Online IQ Testing Platform: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (2)[Internet]. (2022, February 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-2.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links February be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and can disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Entemake Aman (阿曼) on Chinese Education: Member, OlympIQ Society (2)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 29.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (24)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 1, 2022

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 805

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Entemake Aman ( 阿曼 ) claims an IQ of 180 (SD15) with membership in OlympIQ. With this, he claims one to be of the people with highest IQ in the world. He was born in Xinjiang, China. He believes IQ is innate and genius refers to people with IQ above 160 (SD15). Einstein’s IQ is estimated at 160. Aman thinks genius needs to be cultivated from an early age, and that he needs to make achievements in the fields he is interested in, such as physics, mathematics, computer and philosophy, and should work hard to give full play to his talent. He discusses: Chinese culture’s view of IQ; the main people in the high-IQ culture of China; the highest IQs in China known; more active in China’s IQ circle; Chinese education competitiveness; Chinese education; students’ view China’s educational system; the outcome for students who go through China’s educational system; the educational system in China; different students of different IQs treated in China’s educational system; the gifted and talented; Chinese child prodigies; the Chinese educational system improve; older high-IQ students mentor younger high-IQ students.

Keywords: Entemake Aman, intelligence, IQ, OlympIQ Society.

Conversation with Entemake Aman (阿曼) on Chinese Education: Member, OlympIQ Society (2)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: What is Chinese culture’s view of IQ?

Entemake Aman (阿曼)[1],[2]*: Only a few people in China pay attention to IQ. Many people generally believe that good learning means high IQ. Mensa has stopped testing people in China.

Jacobsen: Who are some of the main people in the high-IQ culture of China?

Aman: Wayne Zhang, Qiao Han Sheng and other olympiq members. I estimate that there are 10 people with IQ over 175 in China.

Jacobsen: What are the high-IQ societies in China?

Aman: Shen Han’s IQ Society (threshold is 130 sd15) and Mensa China. Sheng Han currently has about 4500 members. Mensa China has 800 members. Mensa is a supervised test and Sheng Han is an unsupervised test. Some of China’s high scores are unreliable. In China, the answers of slseii, slse48 and numerus have been leaked. Therefore, I suggest Jonathan Wai pay attention to China’s slse scores.

Jacobsen: Who have the highest IQs in China known?

Aman: Wen-chin su. My IQ is among the top three in China.

Jacobsen: What societies are more active in China’s IQ circle?

Aman: Sheng Han high IQ Association and Mensa China are the most active.

Jacobsen: Is Chinese education competitive?

Aman: Because China has a population of 1.4 billion, it is very competitive. We have to study hard for 12 years before we can enter a good university.

Jacobsen: How is Chinese education built?

Aman: China’s education is exam oriented education for the purpose of college entrance examination. Our college entrance examination is divided into science and liberal arts. We all take Chinese, mathematics and English. Science tests physics, chemistry and biology. Liberal arts exam politics, history and geography. The full score is 750.

Jacobsen: How do students view China’s educational system?

Aman: In China, the college entrance examination is the most fair examination, and it is basically the only chance for ordinary students to change their fate. But it’s hard.

Jacobsen: What is the outcome for students who go through China’s educational system?

Aman: Students who work hard can be admitted to a good university. I think what the college entrance examination needs most is good teachers. If the middle school entrance examination is not good, students will not be able to enter key middle schools, so the teaching teachers will not be very good, and you may not be able to enter a good university. Therefore, it is very important to enter key middle schools in China. Key middle schools have good teachers to teach you.

Jacobsen: How is IQ used in the educational system in China if at all?

Aman: In China, few people pay attention to IQ unless they are interested in high IQ. In China, physics and mathematics may need an IQ of 120 (SD = 15). Other subjects need to study hard and have good teachers (good teachers are the most important).

Jacobsen: How are different students of different IQs treated in China’s educational system?

Aman: Schools pay little attention to students’ IQ. Anyway, whether we can enter a good high school in China and meet good teachers is the most important. In a good high school, you can have the opportunity to participate in competitions, such as mathematics and physics.. If your IQ reaches 120 (SD = 15) and you meet a good teacher, you have a high probability of being admitted to a good university.

Jacobsen: How are the gifted and talented treated in the Chinese educational system?

Aman: If you are a genius in physics or mathematics. You can participate in the competition, then you can be escorted to Tsinghua and Peking University. Of course, the premise is that your high school is a key high school. I don’t think China’s education system is suitable for talents with IQ above 140 (sd15).

Jacobsen: What happens to Chinese child prodigies in adulthood after going through the Chinese educational system?

Aman: For those prodigies with IQ greater than 140, if they do not enter a good high school and receive good teachers, they will probably not enter a good university. Therefore, whether a child prodigy with an IQ greater than 140 can become a talent requires good high school and hard study.

Jacobsen: How could the Chinese educational system improve?

Aman: The current education system only needs an IQ of 120 (sd15) and can be admitted to a good university through hard study. China has a population of 1.4 billion. I find it difficult to change China’s education system.

Jacobsen: How can older high-IQ students mentor younger high-IQ students to help them?

Aman:  Study hard from Grade 7. Whether you can enter a good high school is an important condition for you to enter a good university. After entering a good high school, try to participate in math and physics competitions as much as possible.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, OlympIQ Society; Member, Mensa International.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 15, 2022: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/aman-2; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Entemake Aman (阿曼) on Chinese Education: Member, OlympIQ Society (2)[Online]. February 2022; 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/aman-2.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, February 15). Conversation with Entemake Aman (阿曼) on Chinese Education: Member, OlympIQ Society (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/aman-2.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Entemake Aman (阿曼) on Chinese Education: Member, OlympIQ Society (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A, February. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/aman-2>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2022. “Conversation with Entemake Aman (阿曼) on Chinese Education: Member, OlympIQ Society (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/aman-2.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Entemake Aman (阿曼) on Chinese Education: Member, OlympIQ Society (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A (February 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/aman-2.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Entemake Aman (阿曼) on Chinese Education: Member, OlympIQ Society (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/aman-2>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Entemake Aman (阿曼) on Chinese Education: Member, OlympIQ Society (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/aman-2.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Entemake Aman (阿曼) on Chinese Education: Member, OlympIQ Society (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 29.A (2022): February. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/aman-2>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Entemake Aman (阿曼) on Chinese Education: Member, OlympIQ Society (2)[Internet]. (2022, February 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/aman-2.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links February be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and can disseminate for their independent purposes.

In Conversation with Matt Schroeter (Board Chair)

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Gordon Neighbourhood House

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/07/11

Tell us about your brief background – family, education, and work.

I’m from Washington State in the USA, and I’ve been living in Vancouver for a little over 8 years now. When I was growing up, I always wanted to be some kind of artist—I just wasn’t sure what kind!

I ended up getting interested in graphic design and got an Associate’s Degree from Centralia College in that. I then got really interested in film, and earned a Bachelor of Art’s Degree at the University of Washington in Seattle. I eventually found my skills more aligned with digital design, so I pursued a Master’s Degree up here in Vancouver—at the Centre for Digital Media.

Throughout high school and university, I was working as a photojournalist and doing freelance design work when it came up. Now I’m working at a small agency making apps and websites, mostly for healthcare and technology companies based in the USA. Outside of that, I’m constantly taking photos around the city, working on personal art/design projects, doing freelance design work, and volunteering with GNH.

How did you find out about Gordon Neighbourhood House?

I was brought into GNH by a mutual friend of Paul Taylor’s about 4 years ago. I was so interested in what was going on there, that I asked Paul how I could lend my skills in the best way. They really needed a new website at the time, and that was something I loved doing. I thought it was a great chance to help out the community and start getting involved.

What interested you about us?

So many things! I liked the sheer diversity of the programs and the people they served—from youth to seniors, and every age group in between. The friendliness of the staff and the willingness to open their doors to the people in the community was especially nice to feel.

Now, you’re the Board Chair for the Young Ideas Steering Committee, Young Ideas Communications Committee & Neighbourhood Small Grants Advisory. What tasks and responsibilities come with these positions?

Currently I’m the board chair for the GNH Community Advisory Board. I’m also member of the Young Ideas Communications Committee and GNH Fundraising Committee. Previously, I served on the Neighbourhood Small Grants Committee for 2 years, but this year I decided to give it a break.

Outside of reading and organizing materials for those meetings, I try to make it to as many events related to those groups as I can. For all of those positions, it’s really important to have a sense of what’s going on in the neighborhood. Making a habit of getting involved in the wide range of GNH events has been the perfect way to get that sense. Often I’ll go to the events as a photographer, and while I’m there I meet people from the community.

How did you come upon, and earn, these positions?

For the Community Advisory Board, I served on the board first—and was elected once the previous chair stepped down. For the other committees, I just expressed my interest to Paul once I heard about them. I’m always looking for new ways to help out GNH, and it’s been so fascinating seeing the it change from those different perspectives since I got involved.

Where do you hope Gordon Neighbourhood House moves forward into the future?

First, I hope GNH can continue doing all this things it’s been doing. I think we’re incredibly fortunate to have a space, staff, and volunteers that make all of the current programs possible. Looking further, I hope that GNH can grow the connections it has in the community and in the city. Thinking about all the work GNH has done, especially around food—the potential to implement similar models in other neighborhoods is very encouraging.

License and Copyright

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An interview with Anna Sundari

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Sundari Creations

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/08/26

Before Sundari Creations, what was some of the work?

I taught myself to design and make jewelry. Before I taught myself to create jewelry, I was a hairdresser. I studied hairdressing and did that before I travelled. When I was travelling, I was still doing a lot of hairdressing.

Was this primarily women’s hair, men’s hair, or both?

Both, when you travel, it is easier to get jobs in men’s salons like in Australia when I was young I started working in barbers. Because they aren’t so particular. With women, it takes longer to build a clientele.

When you travel a lot its hard to build a clientele. For men’s hair, it is much easier to walk into a salon where there is already a clientele.

I am interested to know. You’ve cut men’s hair. You mentioned Australia. What is the defining characteristic for an Australian man’s hair – top 3?

This was 15-16 years ago. They liked flat tops there. It’s not the easiest haircut to do in the world. Short in the back and the sides, in Australia, they have a style that is longer in the back to keep the sun off their neck.

It is short on the side, on the top, but it’s a bit longer on the neck. That’s classic.

Have you cut hair in the UK?

A bit ago, but not now, I’ve been doing the Sundari Creations for about 10 years now.  I did salons in my 20s.

Now, with Sundari Creations, what is the general theme and message that you’re trying to convey, thinking about deeply, feeling about, as you’re making your products?

Each collection has a theme . My latest collections are Sacred Moments – Dance and Yoga. The message behind this collection is that every moment is sacred. That collection is based on that theme.

The other collection called A Touch of Grace – Tencel and Silk is an expression of being connected to the divine. All of that is collection about free spirit, being a gypsy, playful style.

It adds a bit of Spanish gypsy feeling. I created Amazonia – Dance and Yoga shortly after a trip to the Amazon. It is inspired by nature. The collections are based on the same thing. That we’re making high quality clothes to last.

One of the things that I stand for.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Interview with Tong Liech – Support Worker, Fresh Start Recovery Centre

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Fresh Start Recovery Centre

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/07/04

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: To begin, was there a family background with addiction or recovery?

Tong LiechYes, my father was a bit of a heavy drinker in my younger years, but not anymore.

Jacobsen: How was growing up in terms of observations of a culture of substance use, at least in this country?

Liech:  I grew up in Liberia and I didn’t get into drugs or alcohol until I came to this country. It all started when I was in high school. I was trying to fit in with the new crowd. It started there. Then it grew into an addiction.

Jacobsen: Do you think that is a common story among those that end up using early on?

Liech: I think so. It plays a part because, for me, I really wanted to fit in, and the only way I could fit in was to start drinking and smoking weed, and cigarettes, just to fit in with the crowd.

Jacobsen: Having some time growing up in Liberia then Canada, do you note this as a consistent thing across cultures?

Liech: I was young in Liberia. So, I wasn’t paying attention really. I only know my father and uncle. They used to drink. I actually had my first taste of beer from my father. Substance misuse, I wasn’t really aware.

I would hear about people smoking opium, but I was a kid. Right? So, I wasn’t really registering. I wasn’t really focusing on what that was. There is a big difference there between Liberia and Canada. I moved to Canada when I was 15 turning 16. When I came here, that is when I started drinking. I started drinking and then drugs came later on. I started smoking marijuana when I was 17. Then in my early 20s, I got introduced to cocaine and the addiction sped up.

​​Jacobsen: When did you find Fresh Star Recovery Centre?

Liech: I found them in 2007. I was on the wait list for about a month or a month and a half. Before that, I had attended treatment twice. I relapsed from that program and need a long term treatment program which is where I found Fresh Start.

Jacobsen: What was the experience like for you going there? What were some key moments of realization and awakening for you?

Liech: First, most of the staff working there were in recovery. They understood the addiction first hand because they had all been there. That played a big part. They understood where I had been and what I was going through. That was a big part for me.

I mean, that was the main part. There were other parts like what they were teaching me in group and my daily routine. Things like attending AA and NA meetings a few times a week. It was helpful to me. The counsellors there are all good people.

Jacobsen: You are a support worker for them as well. What are some of the more moving experiences for you?

Liech: They staff really care about every resident. I have seen men come in and try their best to get sober but then they relapse, and they were brought back in – again and again. That’s one of the big things that I see there. These guys running the facility really care. They never give up on anyone.

If a man relapses, he’s still welcome back to treatment. No shame. No judgement. They still have faith and won’t give up on the guy. Other people would have given up on these guys. Fresh Start staff did not give up on them. They went out of their way to help the guys out with whatever they need. They have great love there. That’s what I see.

Jacobsen: For those that starting to sense for themselves that they have problems with substances, and that they likely need help, what would be your message to them? How can they get in contact with Fresh Start Recovery?

Liech: For anyone struggling with addiction and want to turn it around, they can call us at 403-387-6266. We are staffed 24/7 so we will always take your call. You can also find us online www.freshstartrecovery.ca as well as social media sites. Reach out…we are here to help. We can give you the information that you need to know to get started.

Jacobsen: Thank you for your time, Tong.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

What is Sustainability?

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Lost In Samsara

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2016/10/10

What is sustainability? In biological ecosystems, it tends to mean the ability or capacity of that ecosystem to persist. It might ask, “How long has this ecosystem been around – and what’s its range of adaptability?” You can look at large-scale phenomena such as forests as one example. They’ve been around the block, and back, for a long time. In addition, it relates to nation and society building that is sustainable, which is known as sustainable development. This idea might ask, “How can we have a zero waste and renewable energy society?”

Finally, it can relate to the science of sustainability with respect to nation or society building, and the environment. It might ask, “How can we create a society sustainably integrated into the local environment?” Some of the main concerns for sustainability are green technologies, renewable energy, green building, sustainable agriculture and architecture, and the impacts of climate change on human societies and environment.

In particular, it relates to environmental degradation from overconsumption, and global warming or climate change. All of these ideas, and associated issues, are important, but I consider the most important one related to the changing climate and environmental degradation because these relate to human activity. That is, climate change global warming from human industrial activity and environmental degradation from human waste.

Sustainability might be considered a continuous movement or effort to meet the present needs of everyone. And while meeting everyone’s needs – children and the old, it’s not compromising or burdening the future generations by destruction of the environment or the climate. Some have delineated this as the intersection of economy, environment, and society.

Ethical and sustainable fashion companies like Kai Lite Apparel works within this domain. It works towards helping others contribute to a sustainable net capacity of the current generation with respect to the environment and not burdening future generations.

In a way, sustainable and ethical fashion relates to production lines, supply chains, and climate change or global warming. It emphasizes natural fibres for clothing, fabrics, and textiles that can be biodegraded. Also, it emphasizes individual consumers’ choices with respect to the environment. Ethical in this context means for the producer, the consumer, and the common ‘externalities’ such as the environment.

Within a larger framework, some might characterize this as a sustainability revolution. And a sustainability revolution that deals with community, commerce, ecology and its design, the biosphere, and the way these interconnect for a sustainable fashion industry.

If you look at large-scale sustainable fashion industries, you can see the international effects in terms of sales, harvesting natural fibres, production lines and supply chains with ‘living’ wages, workers’ rights, biodegradable clothing, slow fashion, upcycling, zero or negative waste, and a suite of policies and activities towards a sustainable future.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Sam Vaknin and Christian Sorensen on Narcissism

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Centre for International Advanced and Professional Studies

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2020/06/24

Sam Vaknin is Visiting Professor of Psychology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia and Professor of Finance and Psychology at CIAPS (Centre for International Advanced and Professional Studies), as well as a writer and the author of Malignant Self Love: Narcissism Revisited

Christian Sorensen is an independent philosopher from Belgium. Both have scored profoundly high on the most reliable general intelligence tests, i.e., mainstream tests. In both cases, they have devoted themselves to wide-ranging and deep foci of study throughout life. Vaknin on narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Sorensen on philosophy, metaphysics, and ethics. Here they talk about the central focus for Vaknin, narcissism.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Within the DSM-V, of those criteria for formal diagnosis of an individual with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), what ones seem the most reliable, valid, and powerful as predictors of NPD to each of you?

Sam Vaknin: The DSM V is a vast improvement over the DSM IV-TR in that it includes an alternate model with criteria which are dimensional, not categorical; dynamic, not static; and descriptive rather than taxonomic (concerned with lists of symptoms).

The DSM V re-defines personality disorders thus:

“The essential features of a personality disorder are impairments in personality (self and interpersonal) functioning and the presence of pathological personality traits.”

According to the Alternative DSM V Model for Personality Disorders (p.767), the following criteria must be met to diagnose Narcissistic Personality Disorder (in parentheses my comments):

Moderate or greater impairment in personality functioning in either identity, or self-direction (should be: in both.)

Identity

The narcissist keeps referring to others excessively in order to regulate his self-esteem (really, sense of self-worth) and for “self-definition” (to define his identity.) His self-appraisal is exaggerated, whether it is inflated, deflated, or fluctuating between these two poles and his emotional regulation reflects these vacillations.

(Finally, the DSM V accepted what I have been saying for decades: that narcissists can have an “inferiority complex” and feel worthless and bad; that they go through cycles of ups and downs in their self-evaluation; and that this cycling influences their mood and affect).

Self-direction

The narcissist sets goals in order to gain approval from others (narcissistic supply; the DSM V ignores the fact that the narcissist finds disapproval equally rewarding as long as it places him firmly in the limelight.) The narcissist lacks self-awareness as far as his motivation goes (and as far as everything else besides.)

The narcissist’s personal standards and benchmarks are either too high (which supports his grandiosity), or too low (buttresses his sense of entitlement, which is incommensurate with his real-life performance.)

Impairments in interpersonal functioning in either empathy or intimacy (should be: in both.)

Empathy

The narcissist finds it difficult to identify with the emotions and needs of others, but is very attuned to their reactions when they are relevant to himself (cold empathy.) Consequently, he overestimates the effect he has on others or underestimates it (the classic narcissist never underestimates the effect he has on others – but the inverted narcissist does.)

Intimacy

The narcissist’s relationships are self-serving and, therefore shallow and superficial. They are centred around and geared at the regulation of his self-esteem (obtaining narcissistic supply for the regulation of his labile sense of self-worth.)

The narcissist is not “genuinely” interested in his intimate partner’s experiences (implying that he does fake such interest convincingly.) The narcissist emphasizes his need for personal gain (by using the word “need”, the DSM V acknowledges the compulsive and addictive nature of narcissistic supply). These twin fixtures of the narcissist’s relationships render them one-sided: no mutuality or reciprocity (no intimacy).

Pathological personality traits

Antagonism characterized by grandiosity and attention-seeking

Grandiosity

The aforementioned feeling of entitlement. The DSM V adds that it can be either overt or covert (which corresponds to my taxonomy of classic and inverted narcissist.)

Grandiosity is characterized by self-centredness; a firmly-held conviction of superiority (arrogance or haughtiness); and condescending or patronizing attitudes.

Attention-seeking

The narcissist puts inordinate effort, time, and resources into attracting others (sources of narcissistic supply) and placing himself at the focus and centre of attention. He seeks admiration (the DSM V gets it completely wrong here: the narcissist does prefer to be admired and adulated, but, failing that, any kind of attention would do, even if it is negative.)

The diagnostic criteria end with disclaimers and differential diagnoses, which reflect years of accumulated research and newly-gained knowledge:

The above enumerated impairments should be “stable across time and consistent across situations … not better understood as normative for the individual’s developmental stage or socio-cultural environment … are not solely due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, medication) or a general medical condition (e.g., severe head trauma).”

Christian Sorensen: I will do so briefly, and in relation to Sam’s expansive responses, its expertise on Narcissistic Personality Disorder, its labor for helping people who are victims of individuals with this disorder, or individuals who suffer from it, and regarding to part of the responses provided by me on this interview. For doing so, I am going to based my explanation on psychodynamically and psychoanalytically oriented psychiatry, and on Otto Kernberg’s contributions that respectively from a historical and etymological point of view, have developed the concepts of personality disorder, and narcissistic and narcissistic malignant personality disorders. 

If Sam, has a confirmed diagnosis of Narcissistic Personality Disorder, and this type of disorder is in turn associated with primitive defense mechanisms, and a low personality structure… Then from a clinical and logical perspective, and following a formal reasoning, he would not be able not even ethically, to offer any kind of guidance or therapeutic aid, nor could he claims to possess an expertise in relation to this topic. This last, since its theorizations, excepting those that may be bibliographically referred to other authors, are strictly and synthetically speaking invalids.

The predominant defense mechanism of this type of personality disorders is projective identification, which from a clinical sight, needs to be detected and analyzed, through countertransference by the therapist and therapeutic assistant, in order to offer an effective aid in this context, and in other words to avoid any counterproductive or harmful outcomes. At the same time, to achieve this objective, the person who offers or pretends to offer such help, needs imperatively to possess advanced defense mechanisms, and therefore, a high structure of personality. With respect to Sam’s supposed expertise to refer theoretically on such a subject, it is essential to have a sufficient capacity of insight, in order to be able to actually arrive at meaningful conceptual deductions, and to original contributions, which in consequence could be considered as logically valid, nevertheless individuals diagnosed with Narcissistic Personality Disorder, due to their secondary narcissism, lack such skill, and for that reason can hardly be denominated as, or invested with any theoretical authority to speak on this matter.

On to the main question, it is the feelings of greatness and superiority, lack of empathy and exploitation of interpersonal relationships.

Jacobsen: There’s a whole mythology built into the idea of narcissism, NPD, etc. One idea is the story of Narcissus. What are some of the mythologies in history and in folk psychology related to or building towards the idea of a more formal psychological diagnosis of NPD or the observation, at least, of someone appearing on the narcissism spectrum?

Sorensen: From the historical point of view, there are some less recent examples such as Hitler, although there was a cocktail of other pathologies within him, and historically current could be Donald Trump, Kim Jong Un and Nicolas Maduro.  From a popular perspective, in my opinion, it is very well represented in movies like “The Silence of the Lambs”.

JacobsenIn correspondence, Christian, you noted three fundamental axes of identity self-concept, defense mechanisms, and type of object relationship. Christian, can you elaborate on these three axes, please? Sam, can you reflect on these proposed axes from within the professional literature and as a leading expert on NPD?

Vaknin: Pathological narcissism is a reaction to prolonged abuse and trauma in early childhood or early adolescence. The source of the abuse or trauma is immaterial – the perpetrators could be parents, teachers, other adults, or peers. Pampering, smothering, spoiling, and “engulfing” the child are also forms of abuse.

Pathological narcissism has been conceptualized successively as an infantile defense mechanism and a disturbance in object relations. Later, it metamorphosed into a personality disorder. I regard it as a post-traumatic condition coupled with arrested development (puer aeternus, Peter pan). Inevitably, such early childhood traumas render attachment in later adult life very dysfunctional, of course. It also gives rise to cognitive deficits such as grandiosity and to the overuse of defense mechanisms such as fantasy. But these are secondary features and not universal.

Sorensen: It is important to point out that these three axes, are given from a perspective of what means psychic structure. In relation to the self-concept, it refers to a phenomenon that I will denominate as diffusion of identity, that’s caused by difficulties in maintaining an objectal constancy. Regarding defense mechanisms, it is relevant since there is a preponderant presence of what is called projective identification. Concerning object relation, alludes to the fact that bonding relationships that should be significant are not really, because they lack of deep and stable feelings, are viewed for utilitarian and profitable purposes, and are constantly loaded with feelings of idealization and devaluation.

JacobsenChristian, also, you remarked on psychiatry and the phenomenological approach, existentialism, and vitalism. So, Christian, what are the reasons for these intersections with respect to a philosophical approach to analyzing narcissism? Sam, how does philosophy play a fundamental role, or simply a role if at all, in orienting and defining the diagnosis of NPD or simply narcissism with psychology?

Vaknin: It doesn’t. The members of the DSM Committee have no training in philosophy. Psychology pretends counterfactually to be an exact science, at least as much as medicine is. Philosophers are not welcome. Freud was a neurologist and tried to create a physics of the mind (“analysis”). The tradition of experimental psychology now dominates and lab coats are everywhere. There is a very strong strand of anti-intellectualism and anti-philosophy in psychology.

Sorensen: Due to the fact that existentialist philosophical point of view, contributes to psychiatry by introducing the ability to achieve a descriptive observation of phenomenon, while the vitalism allows that psychiatry reaches a deeper understanding, in the sense of going beyond a purely biological approach in regards to the problematics of mental disorders or illnesses.

JacobsenSome still view mental disorders as some otherworldly phenomenon, as in something spiritual grounded in sin or a disorder of the soul. Why do these supernaturalistic propositions and (non-)explanations continue to persist over time?

Vaknin: Because people are ignorant and feeble-minded, befuddled and fearful, disoriented and at the mercy of psychopathic con artist masquerading as religious leaders, public intellectuals, gurus, mystics, and life coaches with the definitive answers to all their questions immersed in the syrups of love and universal harmony, whatever this nonsense may mean.

Sorensen: Since for some reason, the notion of evil and inclination towards it, is at the base of everything, and therefore the necessary consequence of fear, guilt and punishment.

Jacobsen: Gentlemen, thanks so much for your time.

Sorensen: You are very welcome.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Interview series with Scott Douglas Jacobsen (In-Sight): On Open Societies and Closed Societies with Prof. Imam Syed Soharwardy

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Islamic Supreme Council of Canada

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/05/26

Prof. Imam Soharwardy is a Sunni scholar and a shaykh of the Suhrawardi Sufi order, as well as the chairman of the Al-Madinah Calgary Islamic Assembly,founder of Muslims Against Terrorism (MAT), and the founder and president of the Islamic Supreme Council of Canada. He founded MAT in Calgary in January 1998. He is also the founder of Islamic Supreme Council of Canada (ISCC).

Imam Soharwardy is the founder of the first ever Dar-ul-Aloom in Calgary, Alberta where he teaches Islamic studies. Prof. Soharwardy is the Head Imam at the Al Madinah Calgary Islamic Centre. Imam Soharwardy is a strong advocate of Islamic Tasawuf (Sufism), and believes that the world will be a better place for everyone if we follow what the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad (Peace be upon him) has said, ” You will not have faith unless you like for others what you like for yourself.” He believes that spiritual weakness in humans causes all kinds of problems.

Mr. Soharwardy can be contacted atsoharwardy@shaw.ca OR Phone (403)-831–6330.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: With respect to open societies and closed societies, Canada is an open society and a constitutional monarchy, but also a pluralistic, multiethnic, and multifaith, society.

It comes with a lot of complexity. In any open society, any movement on any of the dials of the society in terms of progress or non-progressin other words, openness or closednessof the societystarts with dialogue.

What are some ‘hot button’ things that people are potentially afraid to talk about and is allowing the vacuum of conversation to be filled by the more extreme voices? That may be leading to a more closed society rather than a more open, tolerant one.

Imam Syed Soharwardy: In my opinion, in an open society like Canada, people should be allowed to express their opinions. Sometimes, it could be an offensive opinion. Sometimes, it could be a very strong disagreement, but people should be allowed to express or ask what they want to know without persecution or fear of backlash.

An open society, it is also in danger of a certain element of the society taking advantage of the freedom of the society, which it enjoys, and then try to undermine a segment of society, a group of people, by intimidating them, bullying them, and so on.

An open society does not mean people have the open freedom to spread hate against a segment of society. An open society means, what I understand, having an open dialogue, critical discussions, criticizing each other on different topics.

That is absolutely fine. The civil discussion is absolutely fine. What is, in my opinion, in an open society should not be done is causing harm to a segment of society, which may be a small minority of the society; however, they have the equal rights to live in the society with respect.

That is the norm that has to be in place. Otherwise, civil society will not be a civil society. It will be the law of a jungle. Openness does not mean that I cannot question a religion. The openness that, yes, I should be able to question and be able to ask questions. However, I have to have an attitude to get know or understand others, but not to incite or stereotype the whole community of that particular group.

That is what it is. That is the beauty of Canada. In Canada, there is a balance of freedom of expression as well as a responsible society. Sometimes, it leads to abuse. Then there are laws in place to prevent the abuse of this freedom.

I think intolerance increases if we do not allow people to ask questions because when people are oppressed or controlled. They develop the anger in their hearts, in their insides.

There would be a time when the anger comes out and becomes violence. In order to prevent violence, let the people express, so they can have a civil dialogue, I want to add one thing here. If you remember, the cartoonists published the pictures of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

I was the one who took him to the human rights commission. He always says that I took him to the human rights commission because he drew the cartoons of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), which he thought he had the freedom to publish the cartoons.

That is absolutely not my understanding. Yes, he has his view to have his view on what he does not understand. My problem is not that he does not accept my prophet, but it does hurt me when someone portrays and makes fun of my prophet. It hurts.

I understand that the speech that could hurt someone is legal and allowed. I understand that. We should have the tolerance to hear hurt people. When I saw those cartoons, it was not about the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It was about the Muslim community to be stereotyped.

Because people have to understand. The Islamic faith is not like today’s Christian society, today’s Jewish society. The majority of Muslims, even in the 21st century, have a belief in Islam, which is nothing but the sayings and actions of one man.

It is Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Prophet Muhammad is not just one person in the Islamic faith, one prophet in the Islamic faith, or a leader of the Islamic faith. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is Islam.

When someone represents him as a terrorist, whcih was what the cartoons were about, it means that you are representing the whole religion of Islam as terrorists. That is not acceptable. That is, in my opinion, hate mongering.

That is why I stood up against it; anyone can criticize Islam. We live in a free society. It is absolutely fine. But no right to stereotype a society with hateful, symbolic, barbaric language.

Jacobsen: You were also part of the atheist bus campaign in Canada, in small part. What was your role in that? What was your stance on that?

Soharwardy: That was my campaign by the way. When I heard the Freethought Society of Canada is running a campaign, I thought that if they have the freedom to express their view about God.

Then I have the same freedom to express my views about God. When I campaign, I spend my own money. Several of my close friends campaigned in Calgary saying, “God does exist and He loves you.”

Jacobsen: [Laughing] This is great. I love that.

Soharwardy: This was our campaign. It was civil. There was no hate. There was no violence. From either side, it ended in a peaceful way, like a Canadian way.

Jacobsen: [Laughing] That is true. I like that. Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Imam Soharwardy.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Interview series with Scott Douglas Jacobsen (In-Sight): On the non-religious and religious youth, and dialogue, with Prof. Imam Syed Soharwardy

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Islamic Supreme Council of Canada

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/05/26

Prof. Imam Soharwardy is a Sunni scholar and a shaykh of the Suhrawardi Sufi order, as well as the chairman of the Al-Madinah Calgary Islamic Assembly, founder of Muslims Against Terrorism (MAT), and the founder and president of the Islamic Supreme Council of Canada. He founded MAT in Calgary in January 1998. He is also the founder of Islamic Supreme Council of Canada (ISCC).

Imam Soharwardy is the founder of the first ever Dar-ul-Aloom in Calgary, Alberta where he teaches Islamic studies. Prof. Soharwardy is the Head Imam at the Al Madinah Calgary Islamic Centre. Imam Soharwardy is a strong advocate of Islamic Tasawuf (Sufism), and believes that the world will be a better place for everyone if we follow what the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad (Peace be upon him) has said, ” You will not have faith unless you like for others what you like for yourself.” He believes that spiritual weakness in humans causes all kinds of problems.

Mr. Soharwardy can be contacted atsoharwardy@shaw.ca OR Phone (403)-831–6330.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Although, humanists, as young people, want to find community and dialogue. That can come in the form of dialogue in community with young people who are from religious communities.

With respect to the Canadian Muslim community, what are some ways the young humanists and the young Muslims can have a respectful debate or dialogue, or a sit-down coffee to know someone of an opposite worldview to see where they are coming from and see that there are people behind these beliefs?

They are not simply beliefs.

Imam Syed Soharwardy: If you attend my congregation, especially the youth groups, you will see the lively discussion that I have with our students. There are teenage boys and girls up to 20 years old, or 18 or 19.

I have a son. I have a daughter. I have always asked my own son and daughter not to be a Muslim because your parents are Muslim. You want to be a Muslim because you believe in Islam and through your own conscience.

That is what is it is. Being a Muslim and following the holy book, the Quran, in almost every volume of the holy Quran, it says, “Why don’t you ponder? Why don’t you think? Why don’t you explore?” It says, “Why don’t you explore the world?”

It says to question everything in the Quran, then you will get the answer. We must not be a blind follower of the religion, or humanism, or any belief, whether naturalist or spiritual belief.

We need to understand why we believe. Is our belief system natural, normal, common sense or not? That is why I love to talk anyone of any age, young or old, girls or boys, and answer their questions.

Islam, in my opinion, and, of course, people disagree with religion; I follow a natural, normal, common sense of way of life. Yes, there is a belief system. There is a concept of God. There is a concept of life after death.

However, the steps to those make sense in intellectual discussion, not simply blind following or blind beliefs because I was born into a Muslim family. It is because it is a natural, normal, and common sense religion.

Our boys and girls have lots of questions. I never say, “You cannot question.”

I never discourage any youth who have questions in our congregation. You can question everything, every personality. You can question every symbol in Islam, but there is an explanation.

What happens, Scott, you talk to someone who does not understand his or her own religion. When the person him or herself is confused, somebody goes and asks the question, but the person cannot explain properly.

People think, “This is a stupid or a bad religion,” because they do not know what they are believing in. But, by the Grace of God, I am not bragging about myself. I hope that when somebody will talk to me that I should be able to answer their questions in a normal, common sense way.

Jacobsen: I like talking to you. I find the conversations enjoyable.

Soharwardy: Thank you.

Jacobsen: With raising children within the Islamic context where questioning is allowed and encouraged, what can a young person do who happens to, unfortunately, not be encouraged in a home setting?

Where the faith is forced on them and no reasons are given except that the parents happen to believe it? I notice this in Canada. The two bigger faiths are Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.

I would assume in Sunni or Shia Islam. In many households, it would be akin to that, where the questioning is not encouraged and the young person may not have developed the capacity.

They may not have had capacity be encouraged to be developed to question those things. If they have a faith, they have a robust faith. If they do not have the faith, they feel okay and comfortable with their family in not believing.

Soharwardy: I completely agree with you. There will be families in the Muslim community who do not allow their children to question the faith. Some of the people and families are rigid. They have been told some things and simply follow it.

In my opinion, that belief is against Islam. It is against what the Quran teaches believers. That you should be pondering, exploring, and seeking. To be a blind follower, that person loses the spirit of Islam.

Some families, they do not allow thinking. It causes a serious harm to the boys and girl who have been forced to follow a belief system. Their heart is not in it.

In Islam, it is a requirement of Islam, a requirement of faith, to practice Islam based on your heart. In Islam, no good deed is accepted by God. Unless, your heart is in it. Prophet Muhammed (peace be upon him), he has said it. In one of his sayings, the acceptance of your actions depends on the intentions behind the actions.

If my intention is not to pray 5 times a day, but I have been forced to pray five times per day, that person should know, according to Islam, their prayers are not accepted.

Jacobsen: Wow.

Soharwardy: Nobody should be forced to pray five times per day or fast during the month of Ramadan. It is absolutely non-Islamic that somebody is forced to follow Islam. lslam does not recognize a person’s faith if that person has been forced.

I always say that it bothers me, sometimes, when the newspapers talk about these terrorist groups. They are forcing people to convert to Islam. If people are forcing people to follow Islam, and if there is no compulsion in religion, then Islam does not recognize that person as a Muslim.

If I am forcing my children to pray five times per day because it is a requirement of faith, and if they do not want to because they do not have their heart in it, they may pray today and tomorrow.

When they grow up, they may develop a rebellion against the traditions, rituals, and prayers, which were forced on them while they were young. Why do we want to do these things while when they become adults, they will be against it.

I think it is very important for parents to teach their children explain, answer questions, let their children think and question. I remember, Scott, I had a debate with Irshad Manji. I think you know of her.

Jacobsen: Oh yes!

Soharwardy: She wrote a book, The Problem with Islam Today. I had a debate with her in her home in Toronto. She wrote that when she was a small child in B.C. Her mother sent her to a mosque to learn Islam.

When she had questions, the teacher said, “Shut up! Do not ask. This is in the Quran, follow it.” This is Irshad Manji as a small child. It was normal for her as a child to ask those questions. The teacher messed her up.

The teacher could not answer the questions. What happened? She developed the attitude of rebellion against the faith. If people, if the Muslim parents, continue to do these things, then they will lose their children.

Their children will lose Islam. We should let them get the answers. If they do not want to do it today, then let them be as they are, God willing, once they understand, they will come back.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Imam Soharwardy. 

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Questioning and Exploring are True Tenets of Islam: Sufi Imam Soharwardy

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): New Age Islam

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/05/22

Prof. Imam Soharwardy is a Sunni scholar and a Shaykh of the Suhrawardi Sufi order, as well as the chairman of the Al-Madinah Calgary Islamic Assembly, founder of Muslims Against Terrorism (MAT), and the founder and president of the Islamic Supreme Council of Canada.

———-

“However, the steps to those make sense in intellectual discussion, not simply blind following or blind beliefs because I was born into a Muslim family. It is because it is a natural, normal, and common sense religion,” Soharwardy stated, “Our boys and girls have lots of questions. I never say, “You cannot question.””…

Prof. Imam Soharwardy is a Sunni scholar and a Shaykh of the Suhrawardi Sufi order, as well as the chairman of the Al-Madinah Calgary Islamic Assembly, founder of Muslims Against Terrorism (MAT), and the founder and president of the Islamic Supreme Council of Canada. He founded MAT in Calgary in January 1998. He is also the founder of Islamic Supreme Council of Canada (ISCC).

Imam Soharwardy is the founder of the first ever Dar-ul-Uloom in Calgary, Alberta where he teaches Islamic studies. Prof. Soharwardy is the Head Imam at the Al Madinah Calgary Islamic Centre.

Imam Soharwardy is a strong advocate of Islamic Tasawwuf (Sufism), and believes that the world will be a better place for everyone if we follow what the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad (Peace be upon him) has said, “You will not have faith unless you like for others what you like for yourself.” He believes that spiritual weakness in humans causes all kinds of problems.

Imam Soharwardy took the time for an interview with me. We talked the young. In particular, the young non-religious and religious.  Those who may believe in humanism.  Those who may believe in Islam.

Humanists, mostly, coincide with the beliefs as atheists. Others, like super-minorities, may be theists in some modified definitions, deists, and even pantheists.

Their emphasis is humanistic valued. I wanted to focus on dialogue between communities. I find some sects in Islam and communities of the non-religious do not respect freedom of religion and freedom of belief for others.

In some sects of Islam, as seems pointed to, often, the tendency seems a desire to eliminate atheists, the non-religious, the infidels, and to, in secular terminology, disregard freedom of belief and freedom of religion, which includes other metaphysical propositions such as atheism.

Same with some sub-communities of the mob-religious. The tendency to want to eliminate or destroy religion. The desire to “free” the world of superstition through deletion of religious belief, which disregards freedom of religion and freedom of belief in some ways and not in others.

At the end of the day, as some say, people hold beliefs, which differ from the beliefs. However, the rights to the various freedoms amount to consensus-based abstract principles for everyone, not some, to hold rather than live in a Platonic vacuum.

In fact, a test may emerge from permission for those one most disagrees within these areas to hold the religious/non-religious beliefs. Not an agreement with the beliefs, per se, but the agreement in the right of the person to hold the beliefs.

Anyhow, Soharwardy took time to talk with me. He pointed to the youth in the congregation, saying “If you attend my congregation, especially the youth groups, you will see the lively discussion that I have with our students.”

He mentioned having a son and a daughter. Both, he noted, have been raised with the ideas that they should not believe in Islam because of them as the parents but, rather, because they want to through their own consciences.

Soharwardy talked about his religious text, “Being a Muslim and following the holy book, the Quran, in almost every volume of the holy Quran, it says, “Why don’t you ponder? Why don’t you think? Why don’t you explore?” It says, “Why don’t you explore the world?””

The emphasis being on questioning rather than blindly following. He believes, whether humanist, Muslim, or another belief system, that the point is to not be a “blind follower.”

“However, the steps to those make sense in intellectual discussion, not simply blind following or blind beliefs because I was born into a Muslim family. It is because it is a natural, normal, and common sense religion,” Soharwardy stated, “Our boys and girls have lots of questions. I never say, “You cannot question.””

He never discourages questioning from a youth: every symbol and figure in the Islamic texts should be questioned. “What happens, Scott, you talk to someone who does not understand his or her own religion. When the person him or herself is confused, somebody goes and asks the question, but the person cannot explain properly,” Soharwardy opined.

I noted the trends in some Canadian households, or homes, with the lack of questioning allowed because the parents, for the best of intentions, do not want to lose the child.

The two dominant faiths in Canada are Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. I suspected similar phenomena with Sunni Islam and Shia Islam. The parents not wanting the questioning of the faith for fear of losing their children to non-belief in heir brand of religion.

The parents disallow the questioning. The parents prevent the child from developing the critical capacities, and so on.

Soharwardy replied, “I completely agree with you. There will be families in the Muslim community who do not allow their children to question the faith. Some of the people and families are rigid. They have been told some things and simply follow it.”

He considers this against Islam to not question, seek, and explore. “To be a blind follower, that person loses the spirit of Islam,” Soharwardy said, “Some families, they do not allow thinking. It causes a serious harm to the boys and girl who have been forced to follow a belief system. Their heart is not in it.”

He went on to say that it is a requirement of the Islam faith to practice from the heart. If a good deed is done, while not an act from the heart, then Allah or God will not accept the good deed. The acceptance by their God of the actions depends not only on the goodness or righteousness of the actions but also the intentions behind the actions.

Soharwardy bluntly stated, “If my intention is not to pray 5 times a day, but I have been forced to pray five times per day, that person should know, according to Islam, their prayers are not accepted. Nobody should be forced to pray five times per day or fast during the month of Ramadan.”

Compulsion in the faith, in other words, does not practicing the faith. If one is forced, then they do not count as one of the faithful. In this interpretation, the people without the heart in the acts could be considered infidels or heretics by the proper faithful who have their hearts in the acts of prayer of fasting during Ramadan as two examples.

“I always say that it bothers me, sometimes, when the newspapers talk about these terrorist groups. They are forcing people to convert to Islam,” Soharwardy said, “If people are forcing people to follow Islam, and if there is no compulsion in religion, then Islam does not recognize that person as a Muslim.”

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Has Fake News Made it Hard to Believe the Media?

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Black Detour

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/01/03

Fake News is a bane of modern media. I do not like it; others despise it. Those in power looking for conspiracy theories and obscurantism love it, surely. But how does this affect the general public’s perception and trust in the mainstream media, or even media generally.

The news is a precious commodity in what I would probably lean into calling the commons. The commons, or the public good in the way the forests and most things in them were considered several centuries ago. I feel as though the news in an era of mass communication could and should be at least partially placed in that category. Democracies need informed educated – formal or otherwise – citizens capable of critical thinking. Those able to see through the nonsense spread by hundreds of Russian bots about Brexit or any other issue. If they are able but don’t, or are unable because they can’t, then we’re in for a real mess into the future.

We’re into a future where whatever dictates a leader gives on a whim goes completely unquestioned, not simply by a few but by everybody. Then that’s a recipe for a democracy deteriorating into an oligarchic plutocracy such as Russia, or an autocratic-leaning state such as the Philippines with Duterte, or even theocratic and a mixture of the aforementioned – as we find in Saudi Arabia.

So, has this made believing in the news more difficult? For me, it has made believing in the mainstream media narrative more difficult because it is not the same now. Reality is in competition with unreality, constructing viewpoints unlike ever before. Mostly, it is the speed with which misinformation and disinformation can spread. I fear this can bring out the worst parts of us.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

What Happened to the Racists from the Civil Rights Era?

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Black Detour

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/01/28

Racists in the civil rights era can transform, for better or worse, in another one. I suspect that several things have happened to them, but that the general trend, as with the long arc of American history, is one of progress for the better, where the good continues to win despite setbacks.

Racists will be Racists

The racists in the Civil Rights era were prominent opponents of the movement, obviously. But they seem to have disappeared from the public consciousness. And I don’t know why exactly. So, I’m taking the space here, if you’ll indulge, to explore the idea of this. To research this topic in full, I’d need to write a book: “In Search of the Deplorables.”

Nonetheless, there is the notion about the Civil Rights Movement. That idea is some good people were fighting for equality. Some bad people were fighting for inequality. The good people triumphed to some degree. Others lost and slithered away. But what happened to them? Where did the individuals going for superiority based on the hypothetical concept of race go?

It is an interesting question. It raises the spectre of racists moving to other areas of the country and using different methodologies. Or were they immediately defeated, so they were dispersed as they disbanded? I don’t see racists simply giving up their ideologies, prejudices, and pseudo-sciences. Some, sure, as ‘the light’ of modernity and critical thinking came to them, even basic equal, one-to-one interaction with people of different ethnic backgrounds. But all of them? I highly doubt it. 

But Really, Where Did They Go?

So, I’m back to the original thought. What happened to the racists? One thought is that they went into the ether, or the underground. Some argue that a few crept into the White House. Another is they found other means by which to express their distasteful views. They could also have formed underground groups to band together again and to re-brand, “The culture won’t accept this. But they may accept this.” 

Then again, there are those who took the ideology, moved forward with it, and who we see mocked and ridiculed – sometimes punched – in broad daylight. In the social media era, this is something that gets spread, as we all know, far and wide to make ‘memes’, video clips, and material for YouTube commentators and even mainstream media personalities. 

There is research into unconscious biases from Professors Anthony Greenwood and Mahzarin Banaji with the Implicit Association Test or IAT. But this answers another question, somewhat, about the ways we all inhabit a social context rather than looking at individuals with reprehensible views about ethnic supremacy often tied to a religious ideology. Someone with the intent to deny another human being fundamental human rights based on those views. 

My suspicion overall is that those who are on the losing side of history and eventually are defeated; at the time of the defeat, they do disband.  Many lose hope. Some go underground. Others rebrand, still others have a change of heart. They get fewer in percent of the population and less firm in their faith. But some simply never change, even indoctrinating their children. So, I suspect, though cannot prove definitively, that they’re extant, still around in other words but with less power and fervour as those who used to partake of lynchings and Jim Crow. But the fact that the majority perspective in culture has shifted so much – the tide of history – points to their disempowerment in culture even if around. 

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Cannabis Student Organization 1: Canadian Students for Sensible Drug Policy

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Cannabis Life Network

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2020/10/06

Resources for students interested in harm reduction methodologies can take note from those at the frontlines. Those students taking time out of their prime years of life to make society more civilized. Many student groups exist and some national student organizations exist.

One of those is the Canadian Students for Sensible Drug Policy or CSSDP.* Based out of Canada, the grassroots organization is a network of students and youth with a concern for the negative impacts of current substance or drug policies nationally. These impact individuals. These impact communities.

A Natural Movement

The whole idea is youth gathering together to make incremental or piecemeal reform nationally or locally. The current approaches are more punitive rather than harm reduction and tend to worsen outcomes over time.

With a response to inflict further punishment on users, exacerbating the problems. So, the harm reduction approach is a natural change in the movement towards something more healthy.

The main evidence-based approach to health and wellbeing now is harm reduction if the goal is to reduce harm to individuals and communities. CSSDP orientates around this basis.

More About Canadian Students for Sensible Drug Policy (CSSDP)

What you have with these youth movements are whip-smart and active young people gathering together to produce content relevant to all age groups, yet, they’re oriented to youth audiences.

They have university chapters. These chapters provide on-campus support networks and connections to the national Board and CSSDP at large. If students have an interest in founding a chapter or becoming involved in harm reduction activism on campus, these are great resources for you.

Currently, they have chapters in Quebec Montreal (Regional), Concordia University, McGill University, UBC Okanagan, UBC Vancouver, University of Calgary, Edmonton (Regional), University of Dalhousie, Ottawa (Regional), Ryerson University, University of Ottawa, University of Toronto, Queen’s University, University of Guelph, and uWindsor.

Getting Involved

If you want to get involved with CSSDP, then you can always drop them a line to see what’s up. As these movements are individuals who may lack funds, any financial assistance will be greatly appreciated.

They have a fundraising page for those who can help with it. This can be merchandisePayPal on-time donations, or Patreon donations. All forms of financial assistance are helpful.

If you’re looking to support cannabis culture nationally and the efforts to reduce the harms to individuals who use substances within individual autonomy, then this is one of the great organizations for you, or other youth.


*Current National Board: Kira London-Nadeau, Erika Dupuis, Kiah Ellis-Durity, Rhiannon Carruthers, Alex(andra) Holtom, Mary Kelly, Heath D’Alessio, Taylor Fleming, Matthew Bonn, Alexander (Alex) George Betsos, Tess Walker, Hasham Kamran, Avery Sapoznikow, Matthew McLaughlin, and Sanjana Mitra.

Current Advising Team: Nazlee Maghsoudi, Rebecca Haines-Saah, Jenna Valleriani, Michelle St. Pierre, Stephanie Lake, Dessy Pavlova, and Donald MacPherson.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

How Many Leaves Does a Female Cannabis Plant Have?

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Cannabis Life Network

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2020/08/30

The number of leaves on a cannabis plant is not a straightforward endeavour. In fact, the biological sex of the cannabis plant can determine the attractiveness to growers and prospective harvesters.

Cannabis is a sophisticated subject matter. All way down to simple questions, “How many leaves does a female cannabis plant have?”

Male Versus Female

The female crops are the only cannabis crop that produces bud mostly used for medicinal purposes. The question as to the number of leaves per female cannabis plant can seem straightforward.

However, the number of leaves is variable. Same with the sex differentiation of the plants. The stalks of the female cannabis plants are less sturdy, skinnier. The males are thicker and hardier. The males have fewer leaves than the female plants.

Both have bulbs, but the females have translucent hairs on theirs. These will release pollen. Hermaphrodite cannabis plants exist. But these are treated as if male, regardless. They can grow both sex organs of the plants.

Female cannabis plants are desirable plants for users. Now, to the issue at hand, what about the traits of the leaves?

Leaf Fingers

The number of leaves of the female cannabis plant will differ from the male cannabis plant. However, the first six weeks of life for a cannabis plant, male or female, will be indistinguishable one from the other.

Also, it will depend on the species of the cannabis plant for the look of them when comparing, for example, Sativa, Indica, or Ruderalis. Furthermore, you shouldn’t confuse the fingers on the leaves with the count of the leaves.

Sativa, Indica, and Ruderalis, strains have different kinds of leaves. Sativa is elongated with nine pointy points. Indica is like a fan with seven points. Ruderalis is shorter and puffier than either Sativa or Indica.

Female Plant Leaf Count

Once past the potential confusion of the fingers per leaf or the female/male/hermaphrodite sex differentiation, or lack thereof, you can count leaves. The number of leaves will differ by strain and by sex. Typically, though, the number of fingers per leaf can be 5 or 7 up to 13 at the extreme end.  

Presumably, if a Sativa female cannabis plant, it will have more leaves and fingers per leaf than a Indica male cannabis plant, on average.

So, the math of leaves per plant – per female plant – is not straightforward. Because cannabis minutiae is a complex subject matter.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Canadian Cannabis: A Love Story, or International Rights and Legalization

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Cannabis Life Network

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2020/08/29

International rights form the foundation for modern nation-states. Insofar as states are considered civilized, they adhere to human rights more, not less. Decriminalization continues to make marks on the international stage.

Since 2001, cannabis has been legal for medicinal use by Canadians. Also, since October 17, 2018, cannabis has been legal in Canada, which remains a lucky thing for Canadian citizens. For many others in different countries, they have been unlucky in this regard.

Canada

We, in Canada, live in one of the few places with medical and recreational legal use of cannabis. To me, this makes Canadian society a more civilized democratic country because this seems to respect an unspoken ‘human right’ without explicit statement as a human right.So, the right is to psychological autonomy — not simply intellectually. As in, we have the right to freedom of religion and the right to freedom of belief. We can practice religion as we wish. Also, we can believe, as we wish.

Yet, “psychological autonomy” seems more nuanced. The others seem obvious as intellectual forms of freedom of mind. It means the right and privilege to consume psychoactive substances as one sees fit.
A model of free, prior and informed consent about the substance, so knowing the consequences of the free psychological acts, too.

An Outlier

Only Canada, Georgia, Mexico, South Africa, Uruguay, 18 states, and a small handful of other places have legalized recreational use of cannabis. The United Nations recognizes 193 Member States in its General Assembly.

Subsequently, Canada is one of the few outliers with both medicinal legalization and recreational legalization of cannabis. In most other nations of the world, cannabis is at least partially illegal.

The three governing treaties for its international legal status are the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and the 1988 Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. Perhaps, it’s time for an updated one.

International Classifications

Essentially, this international system lists cannabis as a Schedule I substance or ‘drug’ and a Schedule IV, in fact. Meaning cannabis is in the same classification as “cocaine, heroin, methadone, morphine, opium,” according to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.

Let that sink in, for cannabis users, many of the readers here, potentially. You’re classified along those lines, which seems, at a minimum, unfair if not against subjective experience and the scientific evidence. Canada, in this sense, seems more evidence-based in its policies regarding cannabis with decriminalization than most of the other countries of the world.

This classification of schedules — Schedule I, Schedule II, Schedule III, and Schedule IV — for substances is highly outdated. It came from the annex to the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances.

Legalization, A Love Story

Many health authorities in Canada, in other countries, and leaders, including former and current secretary generals, have made calls for decriminalization.

The World Health Organization and the U.N. made calls several years ago for removal from Schedule IV classification, which, at a minimum, is a light move while reasonable.

Canada, in its evidence-based policy of decriminalization/legalization of cannabis as a whole since 2018, and as an outlier on the international scene, is a love story about a society self-civilizing through democratic efforts.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Ghana: Interview with Roslyn Mould, President of the Humanist Association of Ghana

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Humanisten (The Humanists)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2020/09/01

What is your story as a youth growing up in a religious household?

I attended Catholic schools, St. Theresa’s School in Accra from primary, junior high school and in Holy Child School I got my Senior high school education. Obedience, discipline, and morality were the core teachings there with religion and especially Catholicism at its core. It was compulsory for all students to attend Mass at least 3 times a week and observe ‘The Angelus’ prayer’ 3 times a day. Most of the students were Catholic, but we had Anglicans and Protestants of various denominations as well. I became more exposed to Christian Charismatic teachings, joined nondenominational prayer groups and underwent a period of ‘being born-again’, which cemented my belief on God. It was there I had my ‘Confirmation of the Holy Spirit’.

You de-converted and became an atheist in 2007. What were the major reasons, arguments, evidence, and experiences for the de-conversion?

I had finished University where I acquired my BA and I had made lots of friends in the expat community. At the time, I had come to realize that I had certain views such as feminism that a lot of Ghanaian men were not interested in due to cultural and religious reasons so I seemed to connect well with foreigners.

I came to realize that most of them were non-religious as most people from Europe tend to be including my partner although they were baptized in the Orthodox Church. I also started to notice that whenever I made religious statements, there would be a short awkward silence and a change in topic. I felt then that I was not doing my job properly as a Christian if I could not teach them about the Word of God and pass on the teachings of Christ. It was at this juncture that I set on a personal course to do objective research on the origins and importance of religion, especially Christianity, in order to properly inform my friends about it. We had Satellite TV then as well so I gave more attention to programs on channels like the HISTORY channel, which at the time showed objective documentaries on the life and times of Jesus Christ and the origins of the Bible.

This was eye-opening because all my life, I had watched the same type of movies and documentaries which were shown every Sunday and especially on Christian Holidays, but those ones had certain relevant information left out of it and they also did not give archaeologically documented information so came my first ‘shocks’. I also watched the Discovery and National Geographic channels for scientific documentaries on evolution the possibilities of life on other planets and these baffled me further because I had been taught to believe in only Creationism and I did not know there was another way of explaining how humans exist. At that point, I had not gotten any information to preach with and I had no one to talk to about my findings.

I went through stages of grief, disappointment, sadness, anger, and finally stopped going to church. Even when I stopped going to church I felt that God would strike me with lightning for disobeying him or ‘betraying’ him, but as time went by and nothing bad seemed to happen, my fear lessened. I did not know how to explain it to my family and friends. So for years, I kept my non-belief to myself and gave excuses for not attending church and sometimes hoped that I could be proven wrong with my non-belief so I could go back to worshipping God but that time never came.

What is the greatest anti-scientific and anti-humanistic movements within Ghana?

Ghana’s greatest enemy in the progress of science and technological advancement is religion. It is the only and greatest barrier because it allows for so much wrong to go on with little or no opposition. From faith healing, false prophecies, work ethics, illogical theories, women’s oppression, authoritarianism, human rights abuse, bribery and corruption, etc. Ghana is highly religious in the sense that everything that happens is attributed to a deity or superstition or both! If something good happens, it is “By His (God’s) grace”, if something bad happens, it is “God’s will” or “the devil’s work” or “a bad spirit” or “angry ancestors”. It is almost impossible to argue with people no matter how educated because of this train of thought.

Religion is not a private matter as most religious countries practice. Here, it is allowed everywhere and anyone who stands in the way of their ideology or spiritual leader is an enemy of progress to them. Most homes force relatives to pray at odd hours loudly and some go on the streets at midnight to pray or preach. In the public buses, herbal medicine traders who also double as Christian pastors are allowed to stand and preach for hours during the journey. At work, highly religious entrepreneurs and Managers force employees to sing and pray before and after work. All official meetings and occasions, private or public begin and end with a prayer. Our entire lives are circulated around prayer and worship of one deity or another. There is little space for intellectual conversations and critical thinking.

What is the status of women regarding empowerment, equality, and rights in Ghana?

I am very happy to be born at a time when women empowerment is starting to benefit the masses. However, there are several factors that are hampering empowerment and gender equality in Ghana, which include Cultural and religious beliefs.

Can humanism improve the status of women in Ghana more than traditional religious structures, doctrines, and beliefs?

Most definitely it can! This is because, humanism emphasizes the value of all human beings regardless of gender and promotes wellbeing of people whereas religion and superstition creates an illusion of differences between the gender making men feel superior than women. Humanism also brings about a sense of selflessness and working to better the lives of the deprived in society which are mostly women.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

#NormalizeAtheism: An Interview with Mark Nebo, Steve Shives, and Sincere Kirabo

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): The Humanist (American Humanist Association)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/04/04

Atheists continue to be stigmatized by the general public and regarded as immoral and unapologetic “sinners” not worthy of trust or respect. A new initiative underway called #NormalizeAtheism seeks to increase visibility and encourage dialogue to challenge misconceptions about what it means to be an atheist.

Be Secular founder Mark Nebo started the #NormalizeAtheism campaign in 2014 and more recently Steve Shives (atheist video blogger) and Sincere Kirabo (American Humanist Association’s social justice coordinator) have signed on as managers to assist the development and expansion of the campaign. I spoke with Nebo, Shives, and Kirabo about their promotion of atheist awareness through social media and apparel.


TheHumanist.comHow did the #NormalizeAtheism campaign get started?

Mark Nebo: I started it in 2014 after really taking to heart David Silverman’s message in a speech about using the term “atheist” openly to help make it the norm. I initially started using the hashtag myself and a few others caught on. Once the Richard Dawkins Foundation retweeted me, it went viral. I made the first batch of awareness shirts and sold about 200 of them. The campaign didn’t really become a campaign until the fall of 2016 when Sincere, Steve, and I got together and decided to try and take it to the next level.

TheHumanist.comWhy is the #NormalizeAtheism campaign important?

Steve Shives: There are more people who identify as atheists than ever before, and an even larger number of people who don’t call themselves atheists, but who also don’t claim any particular religious affiliation. And yet there’s still a great deal of stigma attached to being avowedly non-religious, and especially to being an atheist. #NormalizeAtheism is a way for us to do our part toward reducing that stigma. I don’t want to speak for the others, but I feel safe saying that Mark, Sincere, and myself are all believers in secularism, which means that society should be religiously pluralistic but that no particular religion should be treated better under the law or given any special advantages. People of all religions, and people of no religion, including atheists, should be free and equal. #NormalizeAtheism is a way of pushing us toward that goal where atheists are concerned.

TheHumanist.com: Could you elaborate on the power of narratives and representation when it comes to society?

Sincere Kirabo: Media and culture thrive off narratives—established values and attitudes, as well as social group representation and stereotypes, are all influenced by this aspect of human socialization. Author and academic Robert McKee rightly points out, “Storytelling is the most powerful way to put ideas into the world.” The stories we are repeatedly told and believe shape our worldviews.

Most commonly accepted beliefs rely on mainstream narratives. The problem is that dominant group input is a key factor in what stories become routine and lodged in the cultural imagination. This means there is a tendency to normalize the ideas, concerns, anxiety, preferences, and agenda of majority group representation at the expense of other groups who, as a consequence, become misrepresented or marginalized.

Representation matters. This is why atheist activists fight against legislation influenced by religious assumptions. This is why atheist activists oppose organizations like The Good News Club that try to indoctrinate children in public schools. This is why atheist activists confront various expressions of religious bigotry so well-integrated into society that it’s considered normal. This is why it’s vital that atheists are brazen in our pushback against social norms that demonize us.

Atheists aren’t anomalies. We’re everywhere. We are relatives, neighbors, co-workers, and peers—desensitizing this taboo is long overdue. If nonbelievers are to gain more public acceptance, it will take openness as well as broad, consistent exposure.

TheHumanist.comWhat are the current initiatives and goals of the campaign?

Nebo: Currently the goal is simply awareness. The more people go out, wear atheist gear, show they’re open about their disbelief, talk about their atheism, use the #NormalizeAtheism hashtag on social media, and so on, the better.

Shives: I think we would all like for this to become something of an outpost for positive, active, socially conscious atheists. There’s a great need for more of that, particularly online where sadly some of the most visible atheist voices are not terribly admirable, to put it extremely politely.

TheHumanist.comHow can people participate in the #NormalizeAtheism campaign?

Shives: The easiest way to get involved is simply to tweet using the #NormalizeAtheism hashtag. That helps a lot. Get that trending! And if folks want to support the campaign, they can go to the official #NormalizeAtheism website and buy something from the store.

Nebo: People can also follow the campaign on FacebookTwitter, and by following the Twitter hashtag.


Mark Nebo is an activist, atheist, father, husband, public speaker, and veteran. (Photo via twitter.com/marknebo)

Steve Shives is an atheist video blogger and social justice advocate who examines atheism, science, woo, politics, and social issues. (Photo via twitter.com/steve_shives)

Sincere Kirabo is the social justice coordinator at the American Humanist Association. Sincere is a longtime humanist activist and writer. His work can be found on TheHumanist.comEveryday Feminism, and Patheos, among other media.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Catholic School Students in Ontario, Canada, Can Opt-Out of Religion Classes

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): The Humanist (American Humanist Association)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/07/10

Based on a recent human rights settlement case with the Simcoe Muskoka Catholic District School Board, Catholic school students in Ontario, Canada, can now opt out of religion classes.

Claudia Sorgini, a student at St. Theresa’s Catholic High School in Midland, Ontario, filed a discrimination complaint in 2016 when the school refused to let her take other courses in place of religion classes. Eventually this led to a settlement via the Human Rights Tribunal.

The standard protocol for Catholic schools in Ontario is to teach religion classes. Some took issue with this because since 1982 Ontario Catholic schools have received public funding through the Constitution Act, Section 93.

Only half of the students at St. Theresa’s are Catholic, and about one thousand students were part of the standard religion classes.

Sorgini accepted the classes as mandatory until her senior year, when she made the formal request to enroll in a science course in place of the religion class. It is instructive to note Ontario banned public prayer in the public school system in the 1980s, so religion classes as explicitly optional would seem a likely next step.

Sorgini reported feeling pressure to halt any attempts at exemption from the course. And once the switch from religion to science class was granted, she says she faced retaliation that made applying for scholarships and attending high school prom more difficult.

The school board denied the claims. However, the Human Rights Tribunal wanted the rules for opting out to be as transparent and easily understood as possible, and it kept the board accountable to their original process of religious class exemption and ensured that Sorgini (and other students who wanted an exemption) got one.

The settlement read, in part: “Students who apply for the exemption will not be asked to provide any reasons for their request, nor attend any meeting with school or board officials as a precondition to the application being recognized and accepted.”

Some cases of opt-outs still require parental approval, but the settlement encourages the other twenty-eight English Catholic school boards to adopt these updated policies.

The atheist community welcomes the news that Canadian Catholic schools have lost some influence to indoctrinate children, adding hope to the future of international irreligious movements.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Interview with Deborah Williams, Humanists of Houston President

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): The Humanist (American Humanist Association)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/04/26

This interview has been edited for clarity and readability.


TheHumanist.com: As the president of the Humanists of Houston, what tasks and responsibilities do you find yourself conducting?

Deborah Williams: “What don’t I do?” would be an easier question to answer! [Laughing] The job entails doing interviews like this one, but more importantly, it’s about providing a touch point for organizations through interfaith ministries, Black Lives Matter—anything for social action, like Meals on Wheels. (We’ve delivered hurricane boxes to them.) It’s about expanding what is available to our members, finding out their interests, and giving them what they need.

One of our members ended up in the hospital recently after she fell and broke her pelvis. As happens in a church when somebody’s ill and the pastor steps in, I [was a conduit between her] and the rest of the community. It’s more personal stuff than I envisioned before becoming president. Lots of hand holding. I don’t want to use the term ministering, but it’s similar.

TheHumanist.com: What are some of the social and political activities of the Humanists of Houston at the moment?

Williams: We were one of the sponsors for the March for Science. We’re also part of Texas legislature meetings. They meet every couple of years. We are part of the reproductive rights movement here. We’re involved with SB-6, which is the Texas version of what are known as the “bathroom bills.” We’re fundraising to help LGBT folks fight the SB-6 bill.

With the current US president and the Texas legislature off its rocker, we have lots to do. We can’t reach everybody. We try to post everybody’s events, but things happen fast. We focus on Texas issues such as science education. Also, they keep trying to ban abortion in Texas.

TheHumanist.com: Something I’ve come across in numerous interviews with nontheist groups is a lack of knowledge about what the heck the terms mean—even “humanism.” Do you notice this too?

Williams: I would say there’s a tremendous disconnect about what humanism really is, even among our membership at times. We have atheists who say, “How can you say that humanists are taking a stance on this bathroom bill? We’re progressives.” It is very disconcerting at times when it comes from your own membership. We had our own first meeting, the Humanism 101 meetup. We discussed what the Humanist Manifesto III says, and what the American Humanist Association says.

We try to educate members and the public. We were at the Pride Festival this year and had people ask, “Are you Satanists?” Here, in Texas, we reply, “No, we don’t believe in that either. Thank you.”

The idea of what to call ourselves is, I think, a problem we all have in humanist chapters. I am not a fan of the “friendly atheist” designator because when it comes to things regarding injustice, there’s not always space to be friendly. With SB-6, for example, it is a civil rights issue. We have to stand up and do the right thing.

TheHumanist.com: With the ongoing changes in America, politically and socially, what are some of the main concerns for you?

Williams: It’s interesting—in Texas, the laws still says that if you don’t believe in God, you’re not allowed to hold elected office. Trump’s election didn’t change that so much. We have several older members who are concerned that there might be a push to make people join churches. They are very concerned about the separation of church and state in Texas, which really wasn’t that separate to begin with.

On the positive side, the election has helped a lot of people become awake to the fact that they live in this little urban bubble in Houston, and the rest of the people in Texas can take that away from you. So what I see among the Humanists of Houston is an awareness that we have to stand up and be involved in politics. We don’t have to endorse candidates, but we can take a side for our own protection—protection of our children and protection of our environment.

TheHumanist.com: Any final comments?

Williams: Humanism has a long way to go in spreading its message, especially with the nones. There is a real opportunity if we are consistent and thorough. We are not a local club that meets in the local UU church. We should do some outreach. In Houston, for example, we have our community giveaway to the homeless community once a month. We need to do more.

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Interview with Social Justice Activist Ashton P. Woods

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): The Humanist (American Humanist Association)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/04/19

Ashton P. Woods is a social and political activist in the Black Lives Matter movement and the co-chair of the Black Humanist Alliance.


TheHumanist.com: You’ve been an activist for a long time. What was your first moment of political and activist awakening?

Ashton P. Woods: When I was fifteen I co-founded the first gay-straight alliance at my high school in New Orleans. I got tired of seeing people being bullied for being different, not just LGBT, but different, period.

TheHumanist.com: Now you’re the co-chair of the Black Humanist Alliance. What tasks and responsibilities come along with being the co-chair?

Woods: The way I see it, we’re not just organizing black people as a monolith, but organizing with the knowledge that black people come from different walks of life, including those who happen to identify as humanist or atheist in the secular community. There are more of us out there than people perceive to be. One of the things that I do as a co-chair is I focus on social justice.

TheHumanist.com: You note that the black humanist community isn’t so visible in the public eye. What efforts are being made to overcome that barrier of public perception?

Woods: First, it is about being visible. The more people see you out there doing the work and identifying like they do, then they have a stake in the game. They have something to relate to. I have worked in activism. And in general, it requires a certain level of relatability. That way, people are more inclined to be part of a movement or part of a project, and are willing to listen.

We must gain visibility within the atheist community as well. I went to the Nashville Nones! Convention in Nashville, Tennessee, and I could only count ten, maybe fifteen black folks. It wasn’t on a weekend, so most people were at school or work, and there are also financial barriers.

So signing up and being part of those particular events is important, as well as my social justice work, and emphasizing that there’s a place for the secular community in the Black Lives Matter movement, in feminism, and in HIV activism. It can be tedious when it’s needed. For some reason, I never found it hard to do. I just do it, if that makes sense.

TheHumanist.com: Yes, thank you for that. Also, you mentioned HIV activism. When did you find out that you were HIV-positive, what were the feelings that came up, and what have been some of the difficulties?

Woods: I was twenty-one years old when I was diagnosed with HIV. That would make it 2008. And I had never been educated a lot about HIV because I’ve been on my own since I was sixteen. Deliberately, I went to community centers that were part of the LGBT community, and in the black community as well, and learned what I could because I had friends who died from it. So when I found out that I had HIV—of course, you can’t die from HIV, but you die from complications with AIDS—I found the biggest reaction was that I broke out in hives.

I didn’t want to be around people. I remember the conversations with friends, who are no longer here, that it wasn’t not a death sentence. It was about destigmatizing HIV, but in the black community, in 2008 or even in 2017, people lack the common knowledge of how HIV works, and what it does. There’s a stigma that it’s about promiscuity. But it’s so varied. Some people with HIV were raped. There’s a lot that needs to be unpackaged there with HIV.

I feel like if we’re going to talk about Black Lives Matter or any other types of black activism, we need to make sure we’re including people who are living with this virus, and know that health is a main issue that should be discussed. So when we talk about, for example, Black Lives Matter, we say, “Black lives matter. Black health matters. Black women matter. Black LGBT people matter.”

I came out in 2015 publicly and by the beginning of 2016 I was on the cover of an industry magazine that covers HIV issues, which was a very rapid rise in that context. But it is about knowing what’s affecting your body. It’s about knowing how it affects everybody else. Because it doesn’t just affect the people who have it—it affects those around them as well.

TheHumanist.com: Tell me a little about your path to atheism. Was there a single moment of realization or a progress away from a traditional belief system into atheism?

Woods: Well, the irony is I don’t fit into either one of those boxes. I actually grew up religion-less. It was around me. Others practiced it, but I was never forced to go to a church or forced to try to learn. I was offered, but it was never forced. I was left to make the choice on my own. I never really believed. By the time I was ten or eleven years old, I was like, “This isn’t real to me. I don’t believe in this.” As an adult, I did try to join a church just to see what it was like, and to see if I could deal with it, and to see if I could believe in it. But no—it was, no. It just didn’t work. It’s not that I didn’t have any respect for the people because there are some good people there. But it’s not who I am. I never experienced agnosticism either. There was just never any God for me.

TheHumanist.com: You’re the co-founder and lead organizer for Black Lives Matter Houston. What are some of its main initiatives at the moment? What are you hoping to achieve in the next one to ten years?

Woods: My part in the Black Lives Matter movement is to affect policy. One of that things that I have been good at is working with elected officials to change laws and policies. I’ve been at the Texas legislature helping to look at language in bills, testifying on panels, and meeting with elected officials to convince them to vote for particular legislation. These bills basically abolish the ability for police to arrest you on misdemeanor charges. There’s also victimless crime. You get a citation and then go.

I’ve also been involved with the Sandra Bland Act. I was very involved in protests [at the time of her arrest and subsequent death in police custody]. The act basically makes it so that a police officer has to prove probable cause. It’s one thing to protest in the streets; it’s another thing to expand that protest to where you’re actually engaging in the political process.

While we would love to dismantle this system of pain, we are still in it. It will take some time.

License and Copyright

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Secular Activism and Latino Nones: An Interview with Dr. Juhem Navarro-Rivera

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): The Humanist (American Humanist Association)

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/03/23

Dr. Juhem Navarro-Rivera is a political scientist and a humanist. He has a specialty in American and comparative political behavior, which provides a unique insight into the political issues of the day. More specifically he is interested in the political behavior of the religious “nones,” Latinos, and Latino nones.


TheHumanist.com: You have expertise in the political behavior of the nones (those who answer “none” when asked for their religious affiliation or identity). In terms of the activism taking place since the inauguration, what have the Nones been up to with the new Trump administration?

Dr. Juhem Navarro-Rivera: In previous years or recent times political activism among the nones has been related to issues of church and state, of science, and religion. These are the bread and butter for the secular movement. What I have seen lately is some real movement in political activism with people running for office who are openly secular and running for office without running away from those [secular/atheist] labels. The Freethought Equality Fund has been finding some of those voices. But even at these early stages of the administration, which is a little more than two months old, we are seeing a lot of movement in terms of [secular Americans seeking office]. A lot of interest in mobilization.

I live in Washington, DC, and was able to see multiple secular organizations marching in the Women’s March on January 21. I know that prominent secular people and secular activists are getting very involved in the March for Science (April 22) and also the People’s Climate March (April 29). I am seeing some level of activism in an openly secular way—not necessarily just secular people who are members of other [non-secular] organizations working in their activism.

I can include myself. For my day job, I work for a progressive organization. I do certain political activism in that way, but not necessarily identifying as a secular person. There are secular people, or secular-minded people, who work for non-secular organizations. But now I get the impression that there are more people using their secular label as a way to move forward and counteract the attacks on women, the attacks on science, and the attacks on facts, based on what their secular values are telling them.

TheHumanist.com: Let’s talk about Latino nones in the United States. What are the demographics, and how has their political activism looked?

Juhem: Most of the big surveys, by which I mean those by the Pew Research Center, the Pew Hispanic Trends Project, or Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI), find that about one in five Latinos identify in some way as secular (atheist, agnostic, or nothing in particular). The 2008 American Religious Identification Survey, which I worked on as an analyst, found that 12 percent of Latinos were nones. So there has been incredible growth in just under a decade.

Certainly this has been driven, like the general population, by young people. PRRI estimates that 30 percent to one-third of Latinos under thirty claim no religious identification. That is an interesting fact because one thing we know about political participation in general is younger people tend to be less involved for various reasons.

In general, Latinos tend to support the Democratic Party candidates over the Republican Party candidates. That holds true even more so for Latino nones. I don’t have data for 2016 in terms of race and religion polling, but I know that PRRI, where I was employed and worked on surveys a few years ago, found that Latino nones were more likely to vote for Obama in 2012 than Latinos in general. We certainly know that Latinos nones, like nones in general, are more liberal than the general population. Latinos generally lean heavily Democrat in voting, and the Latino nones are even more so.

In terms of the new presidential administration, for many young Latinos, the main issues are immigration and the deportations that have been carried out.

But to what extent secular Latinos are disentangling their Latino identity, as a racial and ethnic group of the United States, or whether their religious identity is a factor into that, I am not sure. As a Latino myself, though not under thirty, that is something that I have to deal with. I’ve had the Latino concern about what is happening to my fellow Latinos who may be of any religion, but feel under attack by the administration.

What I think is, and I don’t have a lot of evidence for this, is that young people, particularly young Latinos, were more likely to vote for Bernie Sanders than Hillary Clinton, even though Clinton won the overall Latino vote. I think this is consistent with the evidence that they are more liberal than their peers, and the younger secular cohort are even more liberal than older seculars.

Latino nones are looking for a space. They’re looking for a space not only for political activism within the Latino community and within the larger secular movement. I think it’s a two-pronged battle. So I think some of them that are politically minded may have to decide where they want to put their energy.

License and Copyright

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

The Drug Epidemic & Decriminalization

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): International Policy Digest

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/10/01

There are 70,000 to 100,000 individual deaths from opioid overdoses each year. It is estimated that there were 99,000 to 253,000 deaths from to illicit drug use in 2010 and 8,440 overdose deaths occurred in the EU28 in 2015. This is a clarion call for us to make the world safer for the next generations. What can we do?

One of the main global organizations for the health and wellness of the public is the World Health Organization. The main collective entity representing the world’s population, and which produced the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 70 years ago, is the United Nations. Both the World Health Organization and the United Nations issued a joint statement calling for the decriminalization of all drugs.

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Former Portuguese Prime Minister António Guterres launched the decriminalization of drugs in Portugal. Today, Guterres is the Secretary-General of the United Nations and is also calling for decriminalization globally, as well. The late Kofi Annan also made a call for the decriminalization of drugs around the world as did the Global Commission on Drug Policy which is comprised of 12 powerful former heads of state.

In Canada, two of the three major federal or national political parties have also called for the decriminalization of drugs. The main health officials of some of the most populated city centres in Canada — Vancouver, Montreal, and Toronto — have called for decriminalization. The reason is stark, and clear. Canadian citizens are dying because of overdoses. The punishment-oriented or punitive approach is the methodology for dealing with drugs most visible in countries like the United States. They imprison and fine drug users or holders to make an example of them. The evidence indicates that these measures tend to increase drug use and overdoses, not decrease them. That is why the experts are not calling for more criminalization of drug users. It impacts the poor and minorities disproportionately.

But what is the alternative: harm reduction. Decriminalization is part of the process of implementing a harm reduction philosophy. There’s a wide range of policies, programs, and practices devoted to the reduction of harms associated with drug use. When HIV was becoming a pandemic, harm reduction began its early development processes. Some of the first beneficiaries were drug users who got high with needles. In Canadian society, we see the work of safe needle exchange sites to reduce the transmission of HIV and infectious diseases. Without a clean needle, HIV can spread from user to user through contaminated needles. Canadian health providers are also distributing a drug called naloxone, which can block the opioid receptors of the body, thus preventing opioid overdoses.

The criminalization of drugs is the problem. Illicit opioids are often laced with fentanyl, a deadly drug. Regulating fentanyl in opioids would save lives. In Portugal, there are no arrests for drug possession and more people have begun to receive treatment. As a direct result, the total number of people having addiction problems, HIV/AIDS, and drug overdoses have plummeted in Portugal.

Given the demographics of who is imprisoned or fined, the public health benefits would help to the most vulnerable members of society. They would receive treatment, while also avoiding being imprisoned from drug usage. This would do wonders to end the prison-industrial complex in the US, which disproportionately impacts minorities.

The next steps in the fight to end drug addiction will be education of the global public about the empirical benefits of decriminalization. We should work towards a national and international collective set of efforts to solve the issue of drug abuse and overdoses. Human beings have used drugs for thousands of years. We have the means to reduce the harm to those all over the world impacted by addiction, drug abuse, and overdoses.

The best part of these solutions is that they are typically low-cost, low-risk with a high-payoff. They respect the individual to make their own informed choices about drugs and provide the health services to the public. It respects all involved parties, produces real positive outcomes for the population, and works to create a more stable world for all.

Who can help work towards these goals? Our communities, policymakers and researchers, to name a few. Then, there are those heading out into the world as the next generation of educated workers and leaders. You are the future of the world. The problems of the drug epidemic are one of those grand challenges recognized by the most influential organizations and people in the world as a problem. Become a part of that future. We need you….

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Chat with Takudzwa Mazwienduna on Religion in Zimbabwe

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/09/13

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: How is atheism perceived in Zimbabwe?

Takudzwa Mazwienduna: Atheism or secularism is something many people in Zimbabwe are not familiar with. The constitution in Zimbabwe is very secular but the people are not. Most people in Zimbabwe do not approve of it and consequently, very few people dare to come out as Atheists. Anything that is not Christianity is frowned upon, Zimbabweans made an uproar in 2016 when the government proposed teaching other religions in the religious studies syllabus as opposed to just Christianity because it is unconstitutional, Atheism would be regarded worse

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Conversation with A.M. – Ex-Muslim and Blogger, Alliance of Former Muslims (Ireland)

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/09/12

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: As a law graduate from Pakistan, what was your experience there?

A.M.: What I observed in Pakistan became the main reason for my conversion or the start of rebellion though it was a gradual and long process. Ultimately, it ended up in me becoming an ex-Muslim.

What I observed there was whenever I asked questions about the creation of the universe and ultimately the creation of Allah who was the maker of the universe I was shushed all the time. I was told that good Muslims never ask questions. In fact, I did not know then that Islam had no answers for my questions. Islam needs submission and total blind followers who would follow the faith blindly, so blindly that they would tie the suicide belt for the sake of will of Allah without even asking why they were being deprived of the right to live a happy and fulfilling life.

The test of questions is so dangerous for Islam that It has developed a mechanism of Blasphemy law in Muslim countries to shut the voices and Hate speech laws in western countries to further their agenda without being questioned. You can see Muslims and Islam have become a privileged class and religion, who cannot be questioned in any way. They have the free pass to rape the girls, commit a crime, preach hatred in the mosques, wage jihad on Infidels but if you question their behavior suddenly you are bombarded with the labels of bigot, Islamophobe, Racist from all direction. Media would be bashing you not them.

In Pakistan, no religious leader has regards for the religion. They educate their children from foreign western countries but they themselves teach the children of local followers in their own local Madrassas( religious schools).

No politician follows any religious tenets of Islam which they are supposed to do as Muslims. I have seen the religious clergy on the payroll of the politicians. Who work as a mediators or suppressors of any resistance or thought of resistance, developing in the minds of Masses. In Pakistan, no resistance or revolutionary movement can prosper because the Mullahs preach in their weekly Friday prayer sermons to have patience because patience is what Allah wants and Allah is testing his follower’s power of patience so that he could reward them in the Jannah( paradise).

In other words, people are emotionally and religiously blackmailed into bearing the corrupt and greedy politicians with patience considering it a test from Allah. People believe this nonsense and keep calm just because they have been taught to do so unquestioningly.

Other than that there are various sects of Islam who have bloody and severe differences with each other, very often they clash with each other, kill each other so there is no peace. These differences are so grave and huge that Saudia and Iran are two Muslim countries based on two different sects. During the current mass immigration of Muslim asylum seekers from Syria, Gulf countries refused to accept asylum seeker due to sectarian differences. Islam will bring destruction wherever it would go.

Other than that in Pakistan Mosques use loud speakers for the pronouncement of Azan( Muslim calling for prayer). So different sects have different timings for azan. For five prayers of a day, you have to listen to the noise pollution 40 to 50 times a day. Which drives people crazy but they can’t question because the question would be considered a blasphemy.

Above is the shortest possible scenario. There are numerous uncountable examples of Islam’s Brutality and stupidity.

But still, I was a believer in Islam when I was in Pakistan though a little suspicious about its true nature.

Jacobsen: What prompted the need to flee the country?

A.M.: I have been very active as an advocate in my country. I did a lot of Public Interest litigation and stood for the rights of my fellow Pakistanis. I challenged the corruption of the then Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in Laptop scheme launched by the Government for the students. I even challenged the Nomination papers of Nawaz Sharif before the elections. I challenged the then Foreign Minister’s right to hold the office due to her default in the electricity bills which amounted to 10 million Rupees at that time. Other than that I challenged hike in oil prices and a lot of other things for the sake of elevating Human Rights of Pakistani People.

With the same devotion and determination for making the things right in the Pakistani society. I and my friend decided to start a project for highlighting the issue of child sexual abuse in the religious schools by their own religious teacher who in the most cases were very revered in the society.

We decided to highlight this issue by writing a novel about it. I researched and wrote the preface of that book and my friend wrote the novel. We changed the names of the persons and places but based the novel on some true incidents. The novel was written in English in order to reach the elite of the Pakistan who mostly are used to read and write in English. Even otherwise official language is also English in Pakistan.

The novel after its publication got instant attention from the various class of people. The reason for quick attention was also my personal popularity in the media on the local level as a lawyer and political worker. Anyhow the novel fetched criticism from the Religious Fundamentalists or extremists who instantly issued a Fatwa against us and the novel which was published in a newspaper.

Other than that I was threatened by a group of people who met me outside high court and I was also attacked and was shot at by two bikers which I luckily escaped.

My friend and fellow writer also came under fire. Locals of his residential area protested in front of his house and demanded him dead. He had to flee instantly.

Some Petitions in the high court were also moved by various persons who invoked the high court to punish us under blasphemy law of Pakistan.

In that scenario, we considered it reasonable to run from Pakistan.

Jacobsen: How did you survive when people wanted you dead?

A.M.: The overall environment in Pakistan is religiously biased towards minorities or criticism of Islam. But same is the case with over all mentality of Islam anywhere in the world. Islam’s problem is questioning. Until you don’t question Islam, you are safe. But the moment you start to question or criticise Islam, Muslims become furious. In Muslims majority countries any anti sentiment is dealt with, under the blasphemy law and the punishment is the death penalty. In western countries, anyone questioning Islam is regarded as Islamophobe, Bigot, and Racist to shut down the argument.

I think the reason for our survival in Pakistan despite the extremist’s threats was that we did not contact the authorities or police about it.

In many cases, people who were accused of blasphemy were killed in the custody of the police with the otherwise inside collusion of the officials with the religious fanatics just because the sentiment of anger for blasphemers is same for everyone in Pakistan whether it be a common man or Government officials. Every Muslim wants blasphemers dead.

Jacobsen: You are an ex-Muslim and a blogger. How has this impacted your life, simply writing words?

A.M.: Simply saying that now I am spending a dual life. I am not open about my apostasy for the fear of my life and seclusion from the friends and family. Just because understanding all the deception of Islam is not easy. It’s a lengthy process, not until when you personally read all the credible Muslim sources and make your own opinion about the Islamic Moralities, you cannot reason yourself out of it.

The main cause behind the force of deception is the constant promotion of this deception in the mosques all over the world. Most of them are Saudi funded. It’s a business circle for Saudi Arabia, they get millions of Muslims to visit Saudia for pilgrimage and they earn billions. They spend some amount of money on promotion of Islam and win more visitors to Saudia for religious purposes every year. This cycle goes on and on. They never stop promoting because the business of the whole state depends on religion and oil basically. They are getting richer day by day whereas at the same time they treat other Muslims as 3rd class Muslims. No one is willing to understand this system because they are blinded by faith. This is a vicious circle.

After reading the objectionable content in the credible Islamic sources myself. I became frustrated, I felt deceived and downtrodden. I would like to quote some of the objectionable things here, for example, Killing Infidels, Owning female slaves and using them for satisfaction of your physical desire, and ultimately selling them, marrying someone for short period of time by giving them some gifts, Marrying underage as young as 6 years old, Female and male genital Mutilation, Killing someone for apostasy and blasphemy, denying every other religion of the world, to mention a few. I felt as if my life had no meaning. All along the journey of my life I was living and following a lie. My parents could not understand the true nature of Islam, My friends could not understand it, I had been feeling guilty all my life for not properly following the commands of Allah. Believe me, the sense of guilt is the most tormenting and torturous feeling which I believe every Muslim is filled with as I was. This is the same sense of guilt which forces every Muslim to do something for the sake of Islam. In the name of Allah, to do Jihad or something big so that all of his sins which he committed during his life journey could be forgiven as an only means of salvation.

I felt like bursting with anger that all my life I had been believing this nonsense and wasting my life for nothing. Islam and Muslims force you to become a true Muslim and there is no perfection in the Idea of true Muslim. So no matter what you do there is always something left. So this imperfection creates a sense of guilt which is being played, manipulated and increased by the deceptive preachers of Islam.

For example when you impose a ban on all the natural desires of a young teenage boy of becoming physically intimate with a girl or involving in a game then he would feel suffocation and then you would create an imaginary paradise full of lucrative virgins who would be throwing themselves at him. What would he do, he would do exactly the same thing that all the Jihadi Muslims are doing nowadays. Waging Jihad winning martyrdom for the sake of achieving full breasted, sexy virgins in Jannah. Because the system did not leave any way out for him. This was the only way out of the physical and mental torture.

Jacobsen: How do you fight for human rights?

A.M.: I have been actively fighting for the rights of Pakistani People by filing Public Interest litigations in Pakistan. Nowadays my criteria of the fight are narrowing down to fight for the rights of Ex-Muslims and waking the Muslims up and out of the Barbarian ideology. I feel badly affected and Impacted by the false teachings of Islam. So I want to work for exposing the real teachings of Islam to the world at large. Which still seems to be a hard task because of the sinister collusion of the left with Islam. But still, we are doing what we can. Keeping mum and feeling bad is not gonna get us anything.  Am writing blogs, tweeting on twitter, supporting other ex-Muslims and also a few plans are in pipeline.

Jacobsen: What is your next step in fighting for the rights of the non-religious?

A.M.: Now is the time of social Media. Social media is the place where we can spread our message far and wide. I am personally planning on creating more social media platforms to spread our concerns to the larger number of People. Alliance of Former Muslims is a one of such kind of Group which gives us an organized platform to voice our concerns. I really appreciate Kareem and other members of our group for being really active on this front. This struggle is hard but we are relentless, persistent and determined for our cause and we hope to achieve real breakthroughs not quickly but soon.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

This Week in Religion 2017–09–10

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/09/10

“Confusion over Quebec’s offer to help Texans dealing with the effects of Harvey has generated a storm of a different kind, this one involving not wind and rain but religion and politics.

Earlier this week, Quebec’s International Relations Minister Christine St-Pierre called her Texas counterpart, Secretary of State Rolando Pablos, to offer the province’s help with emergency relief efforts.

In media interviews following the call, St-Pierre suggested Pablos declined the offer of immediate aid.”

Source: http://www.cbc..ca/news/canada/montreal/texas-welcomes-prayers-and-hurricane-relief-from-quebecers-1.4273452.

“Justin Trudeau embraced “fairness” as a guiding principle on the afternoon of Feb. 22, 2014.

“In 1968, when my father, Pierre Elliott Trudeau, said that Canada must be a just society,” he told a Liberal Party convention in Montreal, “fairness was at the heart of that argument.”

By that reading, one might trace a line connecting Pierre Trudeau’s just society and his son’s Great Incorporated Tax Kerfuffle of 2017.

One can at least trace a line from that afternoon in 2014 to the current trouble.

Trudeau invoked the f-word 14 times in that speech. Fourteen months later, #fairness was the official hashtag when Trudeau unveiled a set of policies as Liberal leader that would ask the richest to pay more, reduce the tax rate for the less rich and provide a substantial means-tested child benefit to families. A week after that, he used a speech in downtown Toronto to posit that fairness was the basis for Canada’s success.”

Source: http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-tax-fairness-analysis-aaron-wherry-1.4277168.

“One wonders what Jack Layton would make of his party nowadays — of the trajectory it has taken since his untimely passing and of the battle to replace his successor, who seemed like such a good idea at the time. The party’s new support in Quebec had been by design: The 2005 Sherbrooke Declaration essentially argued Quebecers should be free to secede from Canada with a simple 50 per cent-plus-one-vote, and in the meantime offered them a seat at the table in a social-democratic government in Ottawa.

Alas, hitching your wagon to Quebec nationalists only works so long as the horse doesn’t spook. In recent years, Quebec’s politics has become more and more seized with “religious accommodations” in general, with Islam specifically, and with niqabs very specifically indeed. Such is the state of play that the Liberal government’s Bill 62 is considered moderate: It would ban providing and receiving public services with one’s face covered. Justice Minister Stéphanie Vallée won’t even say whether women in niqabs would be allowed to ride the bus.

This is something you might expect the left-most candidate to lead the left-most party in the House of Commons to oppose unambiguously. Niki Ashton’s campaign promises to end “the oppression of racialized communities,” tackle “Islamophobia, anti-black racism, and violence towards Indigenous peoples” and address “intersecting oppressions” as well.”

Source: http://nationalpost.com/opinion/chris-selley-ndp-fell-down-quebecs-religion-rabbit-hole-now-it-wont-condemn-rank-discrimination.

“Islam, religious freedom, hatred, and free speech: their intersection in Canada’s free society is messy and complicated.

Muslims praying at Parc Safari zoo in Quebec in early July sparked public comments that religion should be private, confined to living rooms and houses of worship. After advocating for the right of Muslims (and everyone else) to pray peacefully in public, I heard from many saying that Islam is a violent, intolerant ideology that is wholly incompatible with Canada’s free democracy.

For example: “Please go to Europe and see what is happening to my family, my friends, with all the killings. Islam is not a religion, but a vile and murderous system;” “Muslims who are apparently tolerant are simply biding their time until they are the majority;” “Where has Islam governed where misogyny and human rights violations aren’t the norm?”; “The so-called ‘peaceful majority’ of Muslims aren’t publicly denouncing their terrorist co-religionists.””

Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/john-carpay/canada-can-defend-against-terrorism-without-trampling-on-our-fre_a_23074921/.

“In one part of the GTA, three schools were plastered with anti-Semitic, anti-Black graffiti. In another, a Muslim woman’s car window smashed, with “derogatory” comments spray-painted on her property.

Hate crimes are nothing new, but religious groups are sounding the alarms as they appear to be on the rise.

“We continue to see a trend of a high level of anti-Semitic incidents in Canada going back to 2012,” said Aidan Fishman, the interim national director of B’nai Brith Canada’s League for Human Rights.”

Source: https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/08/21/religious-groups-sound-alarms-as-hate-crimes-appear-to-be-on-the-rise.html.

“While more than 630 Ontarians to date have legally ended their lives with the help of a nurse or doctor, none have been able to do so within the walls of a hospital that has historic ties to the Catholic Church.

But advocates for medically assisted dying argue that since these are public-funded health-care centres, they are bound to offer the option — even though Ontario law currently exempts any person or institution that objects.

It’s legislation that Dying With Dignity Canada may challenge in court, according to the group’s CEO.

“What Ontario did is they gave an opt-out to basic and essential health care to hospitals that don’t want to provide for the dying,” says chief executive Shanaaz Gokool.”

Source: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/assisted-dying-religion-ethics-accessibility-1.4244328.

“In the early 2000s, transnational cinema became a developing discussion in film criticism. Directors like Guillermo Del Toro and Ang Lee, among so many others, had a globalized perspective, whether they were making movies in Mexico or China or the US. In films like Chronos and Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, there was fluidity in culture and influence, occupying space beyond national boundaries.

That’s a trait evident in Canadian cinema from the same period by filmmakers like Mina Shum, Atom Egoyan and, most resoundingly, Deepa Mehta. All of them made films in Canada that reflected on their cultural roots. Mehta’s films often told stories about India that only an Indo-Canadian could tell: Fire, Earth and her Oscar-nominated masterpiece Water.

“India, the country of my birth, gives me its inspiration for its stories,” said Mehta, when Waterarrived at the Oscars. “But Canada gives me the freedom to tell those stories.””

Source: http://www.cbc.ca/arts/the-filmmakers/how-deepa-mehta-mastered-the-art-of-telling-stories-only-an-indo-canadian-could-tell-1.4281637.

“The four NDP leadership hopefuls tread carefully on Sunday when they were asked to weigh in on Quebec’s ongoing discussion over religion and identity during a French-language debate in Montreal.

Manitoba MP Niki Ashton, Quebec MP Guy Caron and Ontario MP Charlie Angus and Ontario legislature member Jagmeet Singh were asked about the Quebec government’s proposed legislation that sets guidelines for accommodating religious requests.

The bill attempts to enshrine into law the policy that all people giving or receiving a service from the state must do so with their face uncovered.

Caron chose to tackle the issue in his opening statement, saying it was important to fight racism and Islamophobia but also to support Quebec’s right to make its own decisions on the issue.”

Source: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/ndp-leadership-debate-montreal-quebec-2017-1.4264351.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Interview with Kareem Muhssin – Alliance of Former Muslims (Ireland)

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/09/08

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: What is the state of irreligion in Ireland now?

Kareem Muhssin: Well, the influence of the Catholic Church has waned rapidly in recent decades. Lifting the ban on contraception in 1980, legalising divorce in 1996 (despite Mother Teresa’s best efforts), legislating for same-sex marriage in 2015 – none of these would be possible if the Catholic Church were as powerful as it once was, though abortion does remain a criminal offence under Irish law.

Now of course, the Catholic Church will gloat over census figures indicating that most Irish people still identify as Catholic. They know full well, however, that this is in quite a lapsed sense: most Irish Catholics don’t even go to mass anymore. Census figures do not reflect the real collapse of Catholic belief in Ireland: indeed, I don’t know a single person of my generation who firmly believes in the Trinity or the Resurrection.

Undoubtedly, this decline is due in large part to the horrific revelations of child sexual abuse by priests and other clergy. This, combined with other horror stories relating to the Magdalene Laundries and the Tuam babies, has created a general sense of distrust in the Church, previously seen as a guiding force in Irish society. Inevitably, this distrust has extended to its doctrines: for it is our beliefs that dictate how we behave.

I would love to grant equal weight to the rise of scientific thinking in Irish society, but that would be wishful on my part. Giving up religion doesn’t necessarily mean embracing a secular view of the universe: a great many Irish people are now content to identify as ‘spiritual’, believing in an undefined Higher Power. Neither does it necessarily mean abandoning dogma: I know plenty of irreligious youths who spout all manner of sanctimonious nonsense about “white male privilege” and such.

Thus, while the Catholic Church may be on the way out – their last vestige is their stake in public schools and hospitals – the battle for Irish minds is well and truly on. As ex-Muslims, we have a responsibility to ensure that this spiritual void isn’t filled by Islam. Thus, we take to social media and blogging to engage with ordinary, decent people on the moral and factual absurdities of the faith.

Jacobsen: How does the public see Islam?

Muhssin: Without suggesting that Muslims are a race, it is important to note that Ireland is still quite an ethnically homogeneous country. The first real influx of Muslims into Ireland happened as a result of the Balkans conflict, in the mid-90s. Thus, it is only recently that Islam has become part of everyday Irish discourse.

I worry that Irish people are too welcoming in their attitudes to Islam. Undoubtedly, if a terrorist attack were to happen here, there would be many who insist that “we must have done something to deserve it”. While this tendency is hardly exclusive to the Irish, given how notorious we are for our hospitality, I fear that it could be especially prevalent.

This hyper-civility has plagued successive governments in Ireland, who have turned a blind eye to homegrown extremism for the past ten years. In February 2008, when I was eighteen, I attended a youth camp in the Wicklow Mountains. The point of this camp was to identify potential jihadist recruits: they had us dig mock graves for ourselves, which we would climb into to “get a feel for death”. We were ordered to march barefoot across sub-zero ponds, reaching up to our waists. We were made to climb a mountain in the pitch black of night and to find our own way back.

This camp, and many others like it since, was organised in part by the Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland, informally known as the Clonskeagh Mosque. The mosque is the largest one in Ireland and functions as a front for the Muslim Brotherhood. Indeed, the Imam of the mosque, Hussein Halawa, is a senior figure in the organisation. Halawa answers to Yusuf al-Qaradawi, chair of the European Council for Fatwa and Research, who has openly described the Holocaust as “God’s punishment upon the Jews”.

We made a video about the mosque, which is pinned to the top of our Twitter page. We would urge your readers to view it, along with our blog posts for a more in-depth analysis of the jihadist threat in Ireland. The Clonskeagh Mosque is just the tip of the iceberg.

Through lobbying and direct action, we hope to shift public opinion and government policy against the creeping menace of jihadism. We want to restore the confidence needed for ordinary Irish people to discuss these issues without the fear of being called racist or ‘Islamophobic’ – an Orwellian term designed to render Islam immune from criticism, by implying that any such criticism is irrational. It is manifestly not.

Jacobsen: How does the Muslim community view the irreligious, in your experience?

Muhssin: In my experience, Muslims are unparalleled in their intolerance for disbelief. Even in Ireland, a liberal democracy, our members have to remain anonymous. I am less cautious about using my real name, but it’s still a major risk. I look at the example of Nissar Hussain, a British ex-Muslim and father of six, who was attacked with a pickaxe in northern England. Even now, his Muslim neighbours intimidate him by using axes to simulate beheading in their front gardens.

Many of our Pakistani members fled to Ireland after having attempts made on their lives. Indeed, the suffering of atheists in Pakistan is at an all-time high: the mere charge of blasphemy is often sufficient for jihadist mobs to spill blood. The perpetrators of these extra-judicial killings are rarely ever brought to justice. On the contrary, prominent online activists against the blasphemy laws have been detained – including the blogger Ayaz Nizami, vice-president of Atheist and Agnostic Alliance Pakistan, who joins the list of over 1,300 accused from 1987 to 2014.

All of this is to be expected, of course, given how clear-cut the scriptures are on how apostates are to be treated. The Qur’an says in no uncertain terms that “whoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted of him” (3:85). The hadith literature, too, abounds with exhortations to kill disbelievers. It is universally accepted among Muslims – with the possible exception of esoteric Sufi sects – that the penalty for apostasy is death. It is an inescapable part of the faith, not least because it was easier for Muhammad to assassinate his critics than to refute them.

Jacobsen: How did evolution disprove Islam for you?

Muhssin: When I was a believer, the idea of God as creator was at the core of my faith: because of course, if God didn’t create the world, then what exactly did he do?

For the longest time, I resisted learning how evolution actually worked. I had emotional reasons to keep my faith, so I would just read creationist material, such as that of Harun Yahya. It was only after renouncing Islam that I discovered Yahya’s books are all plagiarised from Intelligent Design groups in America.

I became religious, you see, out of a desire to make friends. I didn’t get along very well with my classmates in secondary school, so I went looking for company elsewhere. I eventually settled on the faith of my upbringing, which I had hitherto only paid lip service to.

That all changed when I came to college. I found myself surrounded by genuine, wonderful people, who did not require religion to behave ethically. That was a real eye-opener, causing my emotional reasons to vanish. As they did, bit by bit, I became more accepting of evolution – accelerated in no small degree by my decision to study genetics.

As I did, I found myself redefining God’s role in nature, from creator to ‘intervener’, then from intervener to ‘inspiration’. Eventually, I reached a stage whereby God had no place at all; he had become a mere shadow, totally removed from the mighty figure of Abrahamic lore. At that point, thankfully, I was honest enough to give up the ghost. That was the beginning of my apostasy, which has since extended to the particulars of Islamic doctrine.

I honestly think that if Muslims understood evolution, if they were humble enough to dispense with human exceptionalism, their situation – and ours – would be so much better. Sadly, the Muslim world appears to be moving backwards in this regard: Erdogan has recently moved to ban the teaching of evolution in Turkish schools, being the philistine fascist that he is.

Jacobsen: What are your next steps for irreligious activism, for equality, now?

Muhssin: Our primary function will always be to provide moral and material support to other ex-Muslims, particularly those resident in Ireland. Beyond that, yes, we want to normalise apostasy from Islam. We want to create such a shift in public consciousness that, if an ex-Muslim is ever threatened by some jihadist fanatic, his fellow Irishman will not hesitate to defend him. We aim to cultivate a strict intolerance among Irish people for the evils of jihadism and Islam itself, from the subjugation of women to the burning of literature, from the cruelty of halal slaughter to the barbarity of shari’ah courts.

At the moment, our main means of doing that is via Twitter, our website, and interviews such as this. As we become more recognised, however, we do expect to host public talks and seminars in conjunction with other secular groups, such as Atheist Ireland. I believe there is a moral duty to do this: for if ex-Muslims don’t speak about the jihadist threat, then given the cowardice of the Left on the issue, it will inevitably fall to the Right to do so. We have no desire for that to happen, for what should be obvious reasons.

In talking about equality, we would be remiss not to mention the plight of ex-Muslims in Direct Provision. Under Irish law, asylum seekers are forced to subsist on a weekly pittance while their cases are considered – often for years at a time. Many of our members are languishing on €19.10 a week, while Muslim preachers who advocate shari’ah law are allowed to claim benefits. The Irish State is in thrall to multiculturalism: thus, since ex-Muslims belie the notion of a moderate Islam, our asylum claims are put off for as long as possible. We deplore this, and would urge the reader to check out our article on the subject.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Kareem.

Muhssin: It was a pleasure, thanks for giving me the chance. I look forward to future exchanges with Canadian Atheist and its affiliates.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Evolution vs. Creationism via “Scientific American” E-Book

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/09/08

Scientific American published one short e-book, Evolution vs. Creationism: Inside the Controversy. It relates to the perennial social controversy, creationism versus evolution. Where the substantive evidence supports the bottom-up theorization around evolution rather than the top-down face value plus scriptural assertion from numerous religious sector from the religious subpopulation, not all, by any stretch, but, many, many religious folks, especially in America and the Muslim-majority countries adhere to creationist or quasi-creationist perspectives on the development and speciation of species.

In the world at large, evolution remains the minority view. Creationism remains dominant. Why? In-built agency detection mechanisms, legacy of fundamentalist-literalist interpretation of holy scripture, indoctrination of youth reliant on inculcation of ignorance to keep congregations at a low cultural level, newness of On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, many reasons exist. What’s the solution? It depends on what you want and how you define the problem.

From the experts in biological sciences with full comprehension of evolutionary theory, and who have encountered the counterarguments in continual barrages from minority sects of the religious population that claim to speak for the totality of religious believers, well-funded fundamentalist preachers and literalist doctrines argue for the young Earth and the top-down narrative provided by literalist readings of the Book of Genesis.

Also, time is a big one. If a philosophy exists for a long time, more than others, and more people happen to believe in it, then the truth might have a hard time overcoming the continual message of top-down design. We seem hardwired, or wet-wired, or evolved to perceive patterns without appropriate natural reality to the pattern, outside of the conceptualization in our mind’s eye.

Back to this book that you should be reading instead of this, the controversy for evolution and creationism, among the majority of qualified professionals in the biological sciences — which can sound like argument from authority, but seems more akin to argument from authoritative authority, those with relevant expertise rather than irrelevant expertise or no expertise — amounts to ‘controversy’ because the unanimous vote is “for,” or “aye,” rather than “against,” or “nay,” regarding evolution.

We evolved. We remain evolved Great African apes from the Great Rift Valley. We can’t not have genetic relation in the beautiful phrase: the “Tree of Life.” It runs along Lebanon to Mozambique, and even makes for a good topic around Christmas and associated cultural celebrations. Evolution is like a random cousin from a faraway country, who barely speaks your language, hardly knows your culture, and stinks, but you come to grips with them because you realize, to them, you barely speak their language, hardly know their culture, and stink.

There’s a distant, yet deep, kinship in an evolutionary framework. It speaks to the commonality of everyone, but without reference to things outside of confirmed natural processes, except in idle speculation for fun. Humanism speaks to the same impulses. It describes, at least in its core values — not everyone agrees to the letter of the law, one common species — not ‘races,’ whatever that means — with common evolved cousins and common ancestors in a massive Tree of Life spanning up to 3.77 billion years ago. Wow. So yea, life is super old and evolved, not young and created all-at-once in an act of creation only a few thousand years ago. (I’m bad at endings.)

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Short Chat with Violine Namyalo – HALEA and UHASSO

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/09/07

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: How much does atheism overlap with humanism to you? 

Violine Namyalo: Humanism greatly overlaps with humanism, both philosophies don’t believe in the existence of a deity.

Jacobsen: Does one need to be an atheist to be a humanist?

Namyalo: Because humanism doesn’t believe in any god, God or devil just like Atheism does.  I think being a humanist is equivalent to being an Atheist.

Jacobsen: How much influence does theism have on politics in Uganda? 

Namyalo: Theism influences a lot of Ugandan politics. This is because most politicians are religious and they make decisions basing on religious guidance.  

Jacobsen: What is an educational initiative, ongoing, to reduce the level of superstition and anti-reason aspects of Ugandan culture?

Namyalo: Humanist schools in Uganda are part of the initiatives ongoing to reduce superstition and anti-reason.

Jacobsen: Is the trajectory for religion on the decrease, and so irreligion on the increase, in Uganda in the future?

Namyalo: If people allow their minds to openly think, and also apply critical thinking to everything they do, I am sure religion will decrease in the future.

Jacobsen: Thank you for your time, Violine.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Chat with Robert Magara

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/09/06

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: How did you build a cooperative and flourishing irreligious community where you live?

Robert Magara: To build a cooperative and make my community flourish irreligious, I am just doing the sensitization about Humanism and using our Ten Humanist principles and values.

Jacobsen: What kind of things do you do there?

Magara: We have a primary school, women’s empowerment center groups, the community garden, we are also planning to build a clinic in our community given the funds.

Jacobsen: In Uganda, what are the bigger problems of mobilization for the humanist community? What can international funders such as Canadian ones do to support you? Where will the funding go if given?  

Magara: In Uganda, the bigger problems of mobilization for the humanist community is that I am lacking the transport means like a motorcycle which costs $1500.

– we would have the out reach and more radio programs but we have no any facilities and the funds.

Jacobsen: How will this impact the young generation?

Magara: The international funders such as the Canadian can support me either with the equipment like the computer, the sewing machines, office furniture or anything anyone can afford especially for the women empowerment in Uganda. See the attachment below.

Jacobsen: Other than atheism, what other supporters are there for science and reason?

Magara: This will improve the women’s skills, and the community around them, broaden women’s access to economic opportunities.
Also, the young generation easing the transition from school to work as with job and life skills training programs in the fight against poverty.

We have other supporters of science and reason from America. They are doing a great work in some of the areas in Uganda.

Jacobsen: What did you found to be a good antidote to superstition in Uganda?

Magara: The anti-superstition activism in Kanungu is working well. People are no longer rocked. The good thing is hat, many have started the’ think-and -do policy that I believe is the most workable evidence or witness for free human life.

Jacobsen: Thank you for your time, Robert.

More Information here.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

This Week in Religion 2017-09-04

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/09/04

“Elim Church began in 1917 as a prayer meeting that came out of the 1906/07 Azuza Street Revivals in Los Angeles which are considered the beginnings of the Pentecostal Church.

A Winnipeg businessman who experienced the revival began conducting evangelism and healing services in Western Canada, and a group of believers grew out of his ministry in Saskatoon. They established a mission work from a store-front building in the 600 block of 20th Street West (now a thrift store parking lot).

“A leader in the early work was J. Eustace Purdie, Canon of St. James Anglican Church,” says Pastor Marvin Wojda. “He experienced the baptism of the Holy Spirit and helped form the nucleus of the group that became our church.””

Source: http://thestarphoenix.com/news/local-news/elim-church-celebrates-its-100th-anniversary

“For three months, the federal government has been secretly spiriting gay Chechen men from Russia to Canada, under a clandestine program unique in the world.

The evacuations, spearheaded by Foreign Affairs Minister Chrystia Freeland, fall outside the conventions of international law and could further impair already tense relations between Russia and Canada. But the Liberal government decided to act regardless.

As of this week, 22 people – about a third of those who were being sheltered in Russian safe houses – are now in Toronto and other Canadian cities. Several others are expected to arrive in the coming days or weeks.”

Source: https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/news/canada-chechnya-gay-asylum/article36145997/?ref=https://www.theglobeandmail.com&service=mobile

“The battle has been expected and feared for weeks.

As former United Nations secretary general Kofi Annan prepared last Thursday to release a year-long study on the ethnic turmoil that has plagued Burma’s northwestern Rakhine state, Burma’s military was already stepping up preparations for new “clearance operations” against the country’s Rohingya Muslim minority.

For two months, Burma’s military had been increasing troop levels in Rakhine state and had reportedly armed radical Buddhist militias that demand the expulsion of the Rohingya.

Since late July a number of Rohingya communities had been blockaded by the militias, preventing people from going to work or fetching food and water.”

Source: https://www.thestar.com/opinion/commentary/2017/08/29/canada-must-stand-up-for-suffering-rohingya.html

“Members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Youth Association were in Camrose on the weekend hoping to dispel inaccurate stereotypes and characterizations of their faith.

The group held a Qur’an open house at the Camrose Public Library on Saturday afternoon, giving interested members of the public an opportunity to ask questions about their faith and any misconceptions they may have.

“Our goal here today is to present the true teaching of Islam and the Holy Qur’an,” said Abdul Khawaja, a missionary with the group. “We’re here to spread the true message.”

The group had a 15-minute presentation and translated copies of the Qur’an on hand. It was a unique opportunity for Camrosians to find out a little more about the religion and some of the inter-faith issues the world is dealing with. There are 24 churches listed on the City of Camrose website, but the closest mosque is in Edmonton.”

Source: http://www.camrosecanadian.com/2017/08/31/quran-open-house-aims-to-dispel-stereotypes

“Muslim-Albertans invited all Calgarians to learn about their religion and dispel misconceptions surrounding Islam at the 10th-annual Muslim Heritage Day celebrations.

Hundreds gathered to take in some Muslim culture at Olympic Plaza on Saturday, including food, art, performances and even installations teaching the history of the Islamic faith.

There have been a number of anti-Muslim rallies in Calgary this summer, but Imrana Mohiuddin, president of the Islamic Circle of North America Calgary (ICNA), says Muslim Heritage Day is a chance to strengthen the ties between communities in Calgary.”

Source: http://www.camrosecanadian.com/2017/08/31/quran-open-house-aims-to-dispel-stereotypes

“OTTAWA — A gay MP who recently travelled to Ghana said he’s hoping to meet the Winnipeg LGBTTQ* refugees pushing for human rights in their home country.

“I’m looking forward to meeting them,” Rob Oliphant said in an interview Friday, a day after returning from West Africa. “I think I now have a good sense of the country that they’re coming from.”

As co-chair of the Canada-Africa Parliamentary Association, the Liberal MP was among six parliamentarians who spoke with government officials, activists and civil society groups in both Ghana and Gambia.”

Source: https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/liberal-mp-wants-to-meet-ghana-lgbttq-refugees-after-trip-to-their-homeland-442514863.html

“Jagmeet Singh wears a turban as mandated under the code of conduct for Sikh males.

It is an article of faith, sacred, steeped in tradition and martial history, essentially intended to protect hair that must be kept in a natural, unaltered state: Uncut.

(It should be noted that in India, home to 22 million Sikhs, roughly half the male population do not wear a turban.)”

Source: https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/08/29/ndpers-tying-themselves-in-knots-to-defend-the-niqab-dimanno.html

“My grandmother Alice had seven children. She taught me what it meant to have the Catholic Church’s oppressive influence in every aspect of her life, including annual visits from the local priest, who would castigate her for her failure to bear a child every year. Like many in Quebec, she embraced the changes brought on by the Quiet Revolution.

I, along with many progressive Quebecers, hold the principles of the Quiet Revolution close to my heart — none more so than the strict separation of religion and state.

Let’s face it: the current debate around secularism is emotionally charged; it’s multi-faceted, and it’s frankly little understood outside of the province. Yet, as a country, we have a duty to make sincere efforts to understand where many Quebecers are coming from.

There’s no doubt that racists and Islamophobes try to exploit Quebec’s history to spread their hate. But, it’s a mistake to assume that any Quebecer who supports secularism is indulging in a form of socially acceptable racism.”

Source: https://www.ourwindsor.ca/opinion-story/7531056-secularism-in-quebec-is-historical-fact-opinion/

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Short Chat with Professor Laurence A. Moran

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/09/02

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: What are the better tools to fight creationism?

Professor Laurence A. MoranEducation.

Jacobsen: What have you found to be the shortest arguments to counter creationist, especially young earth creationist, propaganda?

Moran: There are no gods.

Jacobsen: What is the current initiative of the creationist movement in Canada and United States to further their Biblical agenda?

Moran: Most creationists in Canada are not Young Earth Creationists. The most popular stance these days is some form of Intelligent Design Creationism.

Jacobsen: How can Canadians arm themselves against it?

Moran: By promoting atheism.

Jacobsen: What are some of the early misconceptions about evolution undergraduates have in their first year of education with you?

Moran: Most of them don’t understand modern evolutionary theory. They think that natural selection is all there is to evolution.

Jacobsen: How does the problem of young earth creationism compare with homeopaths, ghost hunters, believers in the powers of crystals, climate change deniers, and those that believe in the devil (and the cure for the non-problem through exorcism)?

Moran: Young Earth Creationism is the worst because it’s completely at odds with everything we know about the natural world.

Jacobsen: If you look at advanced students such as graduate students in biology, what are some misconceptions that even some of them may have about evolutionary theory?

Moran: They don’t understand Neutral Theory and population genetics.

Jacobsen: Where do these anti-science problems stem other than our own evolved information processing flaws?

Moran: If you’re talking about creationists then the problems come from being taught that science is wrong.

Jacobsen: Thank you for your time, Professor Moran. 

Moran: You’re welcome.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Bwambale Robert Musubaho – Kasese Primary School and Bizoha Humanist Center

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/09/02

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: In Uganda, you run a humanist primary school. What do you do there?

Robert BwambaleI perform several roles at the primary school ranging from Administrative where I manage, direct the schools.

I do the Supervisory role to ensure everything at the schools is moving in the right direction, most of my close aides are the Head teachers at the schools. I do supervise construction projects to ensure all is done best, to ensure all the building materials are procured, used in their entirety.

I also do a planning role where I plan for the schools to ensure they are in line with our core values, government minimum standard.

I also do networking with like minded organizations and individuals both locally and internationally. I make correspondences of the schools with the international community.

I also do minor teaching on Humanism and offering drill lectures to my teachers about free thought and secularism.

In my write up here, I have mentioned schools because right now I run 3 nursery& primary schools namely:

Kasese Humanist Nursery & Primary school Rukoki

Kasese Humanist Nursery & Primary school, Bizoha Muhokya

Kahendero Humanist Nursery & Primary School

Jacobsen: For those in Canadian culture, what is something that they almost certainly would not know about Uganda and religion but should know about it?

Bwambale: Uganda is a highly religious country which has a combination of both foreign and indigenous religions.

Foreign religions dominate the local religions.

Uganda is a country which puts god high with its national motto saying “For God and my Country”

Uganda is a country where both state and religion is not separated, this is evident in courts of law, most public schools, hospitals and places of worship, everything done is a mix up of religion and politics all mingled up.

Religious leaders in Uganda are often looked as opinion leaders and are highly respected in our communities, this is because people assume they are more close to god or thought to be morally fit in everything.

Religions in Uganda are well known to be homophobic and tag homosexuality is an abomination and shows no respect to civil liberties, transgender, LGBT as wrong elements in society, by this our country has tried to enact barbaric laws that condemn same sex practices to the point of killing the gays or terminating them from society.

Religions in Uganda has denounced or shown no support for condom use, contraceptives usage, and child family planning services.

Religion is deeply rooted in Uganda schools, most schools around are connected to religious groupings, some owned by religious individuals and in these schools, there is the mandatory teaching of Religious education and what surprises most of us, only Christianity or Islam is the one on the school curriculum. This puts aside indigenous religions plus scores of religions worldwide unattended to.

In Uganda, Muslim religion has a monopoly of butchering animals in abattoirs’.

In Uganda, it’s where we have the Uganda martyrs who are devotees who decided to have their lives terminated for the sake of religion, they were killed on the orders of Kabaka Mwanga who was by then a Muslim and was against Christianity thriving on our soil. The martyrs were burnt at Namugongo and several other places around the country. June 3rd was set aside in Uganda to remember the martyrs.

In Uganda, it’s where we find several men and women of God as they call themselves and many of them have committed several crimes like the burning of believers in Kanungu, pedophile related cases by Reverend Fathers, conjugal affairs of church leaders with their flocks and the rampant child sacrifices geared by witch doctors who are con artists of modern times. The fact that majority of Ugandans believe in this and has made them victims of circumstance.

Jacobsen: How does religion influence politics there?

Bwambale: Religion influences politics to a high degree, most locals normally rely on what their religious leaders say and they go by that.

If one is of the dominant religions here say Christianity, there are high chances that locals will vote you in.

Most people vote in people basing on their religious lines or affiliations.

Religious leaders have been marked as whistle blowers of some or most politicians; they are so because it becomes easy for them to convince their congregations to support so and so.

Jacobsen: How prevalent as it is in there? As well, how strong is it as a coalition to fight for equality?

Bwambale: In our quest to fight for equality, we do face several challenges, the ground for equality is not leveled since there are a number of setbacks and this has been caused by several factors:

Homophobia is very high in Uganda; this does not respect minority human rights freedoms of certain individuals whose living is compromised.

Our cultures do still have conservative practices like favoring men to women to go to school, thinking men are heads of families, men are there to marry women and in most cases pay a dowry to the wife’s family, women should not work in offices but only keep in the kitchen.

Jacobsen: What are your hopes for atheism or lack of religion in general in Uganda in the next 10 years?

Bwambale: I think in the next ten years, a good percentage of Ugandans will have seen the light of the goodness of living a life free from spirits, angels, fables or mythical elements.

I have met scores of people who denounce believing in a higher power and looking at it as a scam or hoax but most of them still fear coming out of the closet due to fear of family ties, work connection or conditions in fear of excommunication from clans.

Most of my hopes are in the youths who form part of today’s generation for tomorrow, am glad that most of them welcome humanism, free thought and science and remain optimistic that these vices can help them understand better nature and its beauty, the world around them and what the world might hold for them in the near future.

This, however, calls for intensive enlightenment about Science and what humanity can do and cannot do. Educating the masses both young and old to have a learned and educated society will bring more people to learn who is lying to them and who is speaking the truth.

Our actions as people of non-belief matters a lot, I think we should try and be good and be exemplary in our works, work to the best we can, symbolize good ethics in society and try hard at bringing people from diverse background together, I think by this more people will go to our side and we get a shoot up in numbers in the next 10 years.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Brief Chat with George Thindwa on Atheism in Malawi

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/09/02

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: What is the situation for atheism in Malawi? 

George Thindwa: Atheism is relatively very new in Malawi.

Jacobsen: How do Malawians view atheism? 

Thindwa: They are not very conversant about atheism.  Many take it as satanic religion.

Jacobsen: What is the dominant faith in Malawi? 

Thindwa: Christianity is the dominant religion at about 85% of Malawians are Christians.

Jacobsen: How does this affect economic and social development? 

Thindwa: It has affected development in a very negative way.  In Malawi, we praise for rains if it does not come.  We are also fond of praying for all our social and economic problems.

Jacobsen: What is your only work for atheism or lack of religion in Malawi?

Thindwa: We promote atheism as the best alternative life stance to promote progress.

Secondly, we have been engaged in the eradication of witchcraft based violence towards children and the elderly. Children and elderly suspected of practicing witchcraft are subjected to a lot of violence and violation of their human rights like being killed, chased away from their homes, having their property destroyed or burnt.

Jacobsen: Who is a personal hero in the Malawi for you?

Thindwa: Dr. Paul Munyenyembe.

Jacobsen: For those in North American culture, or Canadian culture, what is something that they do not know but should about Malawi and religion? 

Thindwa: Religious practices are abusive and promote discrimination in Malawi, i.e, promotion of witchcraft beliefs which end up abusing elderly persons, hatred towards homosexuals and atheists.

Jacobsen: What are your hopes for irreligion in the coming years for Malawi?

Thindwa: It will take a long time to reach the stage for irreligion in Malawi.

Jacobsen: Thank you for your time, George.

Thindwa: Thanks, Scott.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

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© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Chat with Zachary R.W. Johnson on Atheism and British Columbia

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/09/01

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: What is the state of atheism in British Columbia?

Zachary R.W. Johnson: In BC atheism and agnosticism seem to be quite healthy. A large segment of the province’s population is already Atheist and, in fact, I understand it to be the majority of citizens. This trend only seems to be continuing as the number of self proclaimed Atheists is indeed rising. Which I find as a good course for our society to be on.

Jacobsen: What is bigger threat to equality for atheists?

Johnson: As I see it the biggest threat to equality is between Atheists of differing political views more so than between the religious and irreligious. At the moment, an increase in political dogma is occurring across North America and on both sides of the political spectrum. Atheists, generally being skeptics about religion, shouldn’t lose their skepticism within the realm of politics. As dogma comes in more forms than just religion, atheists should be as questioning about their political views and the views of others as they are about religion. Atheists must avoid being in a position where a claim of belief in political ideology can be made against them in a similar way an Atheist can make such a claim against the devout. It is equally as bad for one ideological side to attempt to silence another as it is for the religious to silence the irreligious.

Jacobsen: Do BC political parties support equality for the irreligious across the board, or are there some who do not support equality for them – in policy or principle, even practice?

Johnson: If asked I’m certain that the various provincial political parties would say they support the irreligious to hold their beliefs. Of course, what’s implemented in practice is much more important than rhetoric. But I’m unaware of any genuine favoritism toward the religious in BC. This certainly is a different situation on the federal level, specifically regarding the Conservative Party of Canada. The CPC very much plays to a religious base which exists as a fundamental part of Conservative Party support. As it is so integral to their membership and Party structure, Atheists should be leery towards the Conservative Party if they are to form government again in future elections. This to ensure a Conservative government doesn’t act in favor of religious citizens.

Jacobsen: Do atheists tend to lean younger and more to the ‘Left’ socially and politically? If so, why is this the case in BC?

Johnson: I don’t think this is necessarily the case in British Columbia. The BC Liberal Party, being the more ‘right-wing’ party, had formed government for 16 years straight. BC’s population being majority irreligious, I find it difficult to think that their support is rooted with religious citizens. I think our province has largely moved past the notion of the faithful being more right-wing and Atheist being more left-wing. Although this does seem to be the case on a federal level. Similarly with youth, I think BC has been majority Atheist for long enough to where older generations share those views. Although by my estimation much of the older generations haven’t particularly focused on the idea itself. Instead, it seems specifically questioning religion wasn’t particularly necessary as an area of interest. Unlike the younger generation today, who seem to target religious ideas as subject for criticism.

Jacobsen: What are some ways religion influences politics? Are these healthy, neutral, or unhealthy for the political discourse?

Johnson: In BC, there seems to be little influence of religion on politics and the general political discourse. This is presumably because of the large number of Atheists who make up the provinces majority in religious belief. Unlike in the United States, it is generally unpopular for politicians to discuss one’s religious faith in Canada, especially in BC. We saw this with Premier Clark during the 2013 election when she seemed to second guess speaking with Christian groups about her Anglican faith. This is ultimately positive as religion should always be separated from politics, and in the most permanent way possible.

Jacobsen: How can the irreligious, broadly speaking, move the dual to – not superiority or tacit chauvinism as is the reverse case with the “Supremacy of God” in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms – equality?

Johnson: Although the Charter does acknowledge the “supremacy of God”, it still applies to the irreligious and indeed all demographic of citizen. The removal or replacement of that statement, while a victory for Atheist equality, would be small and ultimately symbolic. As well, with the mention of God within the national anthem. Atheists can achieve a greater degree of equality through maintaining a healthy skepticism in all areas of thought. Questioning religious dogma is merely the lowest hanging fruit when being skeptical. As its claims of divine knowledge and moral contradictions are obvious. A way to progress social equality is for Atheists to be generally known as citizens who have well thought out perspectives. People who are seen to benefit public discourse and whose identity doesn’t necessarily rely on their lack of religious views. In terms of government policy, a public conversation of taxing religious institutions is likely the most important step to take when discussing legislative equality.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Solidarity — Atheist Republic Members Under Fire in Malaysia, Recap

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/09/01

The Atheist Republic in Malaysia is under threat, as many know by now. It made national news, international ripples on the internet, and then caught the attention of the government, where the state has been looking to reason.

The Malay Mail Online reported on the call for atheists to be “hunted down.” This was an open statement by a Malaysian Minister Datuk Seri Shahidan Kassim. Shahidan notes the Federal Constitution does not mention atheists.

At a press conference, he said, “I suggest that we hunt them down vehemently and we ask for help to identify these groups…They actually don’t want to be atheists but it happens because of the lack of religious education. They are misled with a new school of thought.”

He made another call — associated with the hunting down of the atheists in the country, presumably by the religious — for the muftis to educate Muslims who chose atheism. That they need to return to the faith rather than stay atheists.

The Friendly Atheist, on Patheos, reported on the reflection from the minister in President about the afterlife:

In the afterlife, we’ll also be questioned if we’ve explained the religion to them.

To state religious leaders and governments, they need to pay attention to this issue. We should do it nicely, so they don’t play victims.

The call is for the search and seizure of atheists, of Malaysian citizens, based on their beliefs with the inclusion of social pressure, especially from the muftis, and in reference to guilt based on supposed supernaturalist judgment from Allah in a purported hereafter. It seems bizarre, but it is the reality.

Imagine if this happened in the reverse case, with the atheist community persecuting religious peoples’ livelihood and lives, Malaysian citizens, based on a dinner photo — with everyone non-provocative and smiling — spread over social media. It doesn’t happen, at least as far as I recall. It is unfair.

Also, this becomes a violation of religious freedom, to believe, or not believe, freely, which is the serious question. Ex-Muslims in the group should be given counseling, was one proposal. Shahidan was also moderately concerned about acting in such a way as for atheists to gain general sympathy.

He noted the glamorization of people in social media, who he called “keyboard warriors.” Atheist Republic founder, Armin Navabi, said, “They (Atheists) are treated like criminals. They are just hanging out and meeting other atheists. Who are they harming?!”

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

A Compendium of Crimes and Criminals of the Eastern Orthodox Church — Part 2

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/08/30

I doubt this is comprehensive, nor is it representative of the positives of the church either; it is reportage on the reports from the news. I didn’t see a compendium, so decided write one.

This one comes in the form of the — common — use of religion as a political force. In this case, it is the Russian Orthodox Church used to prop up and support the corrupt autocratic oligarchy of modern Russia, which continues to annex, unfortunately for many including Canadian Ukrainians where I reside but also, Ukrainians born and raised in Ukraine.

As Human Rights Watch has reported on the issue, there remains consistent evidence that resistance to the Russian Orthodoxy can be an issue:

A pro-Kremlin television channel was at the scene almost instantly, cameras rolling. It later aired a story referring to the activists as “neo-pagans” and “members of a cell” who had “ammunition and psychotropic drugs” in their apartments. The head of the Church, patriarch Kirill, called the protesters “cultists” and “pagans”. (Gorbunova & Ovsyannikova, 2016)

As it is an Eastern Orthodoxy, it poses as an example, a case-in-series, of the harms of faith with this as an example.

Even with environmentalists and the Eastern Orthodox Christians here, this extends to Pokemon Go bloggers who are at the ripe age of 22 (Human Rights Watch, 2017).

This is in a country where it has been voted legal as part of ‘traditional values’ to be able to beat one’s wife (The Economist, 2017). It is near a par with the religious legalisms, for centuries, around women as property.

Of course, civil society groups worked to reduce the severity of prior laws attempting to instantiate this (Ibid.). As per usual, as with Poland and abortion with the Roman Catholic Church, women’s rights are being mocked with the Russian Orthodox Church wanting more severe punishments for women who step out of imposed religious lines, religious dogma and decree for how women should be — God forbid an independent woman emerges from their ranks. This extends in consideration of children too:

But the Russian Orthodox Church was furious. Scripture and Russian tradition, the church said, regard “the reasonable and loving use of physical punishment as an essential part of the rights given to parents by God himself”. Meanwhile, conservative groups worried that parents might face jail. They argued that it was wrong for parents to face harsher punishment for hitting their child than a neighbour would. (The Economist, 2017)

This is a major part of religion influencing tens of millions of people’s (children’s and women’s) lives (Cauterucci, 2017). And asking useless questions doesn’t help, “Is the Russian Orthodox Church serving God or Putin?” (Schmitt, 2017) I barely care about that question. I care about concrete questions affecting the lives of Russian citizens because of formal religion.

Bearing in mind, the majority of men in charge of a religion making commentary on the ways women should behave, tacitly, and what consequences are potentially or actually, explicitly, in store for them if they step out of the Russian Orthodox Church line, and the political line of the Putin Regime.

Religion may not be the source of all or even most ‘evil,’ but it is certainly facilitative in this case.

References

Cauterucci, C. (2017, February 8). Russia Decriminalized Domestic Violence With Support from the Russian Orthodox Church. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2017/02/08/russia_decriminalized_domestic_violence_with_support_from_the_russian_orthodox.html.

Gorbunova, Y. & Ovsyannikova, A. (2016, November 18). In Russia, Thou Shalt not Disagree with the Russian Orthodox Church. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/11/18/russia-thou-shalt-not-disagree-orthodox-church.

Human Rights Watch. (2017, May 11). Russia: Pokemon Go Blogger Arrested. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/05/11/russia-pokemon-go-blogger-convicted.

Schmitt, C. (2017, April 26). Is the Russian Orthodox Church serving God or Putin?. Retrieved from http://www.dw.com/en/is-the-russian-orthodox-church-serving-god-or-putin/a-38603157.

The Economist. (2017, January 28). Why Russia is about to decriminalise wife-beating. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21715726-it-fits-traditional-values-lawmakers-say-why-russia-about-decriminalise-wife-beating.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

A Compendium of Crimes and Criminals of the Eastern Orthodox Church — Part 1

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/08/30

I doubt this is comprehensive, nor is it representative of the positives of the church either; it is reportage on the reports from the news. I didn’t see a compendium, so decided to write one.

Another purpose for this catalogue is because of the lack of news play about the Roman Catholic Church, and its trial of Galileo, and torture, hunting of witches, and the Inquisition, and the child sexual abuse scandal, even Bruno, of course. But what about the second largest Christian sect in the world boasting over 300 million members? In many of these cases, I believe the secular and ordinary religious stand in solidarity, moral alignment.

According to the Greek Reporter, a priest, Adam Metropoulos, was convicted of sexual abuse on four counts. Forgive the direct language and emotional tone in the latter portions of this sentence, but the sexual abuse equates to rape, Metropoulos raped.

His sentencing, circa, Mpril 27, totals 12 years in prison. Ann Murray, the Superior Court Justice, stated that she also sentenced him to “3 years of probation after he gets out of prison” and would have to “register with the Main Sex Offender Registry for the rest of his life.”

Murray noted the impacts on the victims was “great” or significant. At the trial, a former altar boy from St. George Greek Orthodox Church testified. The former altar boy was 23-years-old, and reported being sexually assaulted by Murray.

This was during sleep overs at the Metropoulos’s home. The Greek Report noted that “police found pornographic images in the offender’s computer,” which portrayed “a family member that he would secretly film in the nude, as well as other photographs of different people, some of them children.”

On the day of the arrest, the Greek orthodox diocese in Maine made a suspension of Metropoulos. In Metropoulos’s defense, he stated that he never had intercourse with the teenager, but that he touched the alter boy, at the time, in an inappropriate way while he was asleep.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Q&A on International Youth Humanism with Marieke Prien — Session 1

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/08/28

Marieke Prien is the President of the International Humanist and Ethical Youth Organisation (IHEYO), which is part of IHEU. In this educational series, we will be discussing international youth humanism.

Scott Jacobsen: You are the president of the International Humanist and Ethical Youth Organisation (IHEYO). I am an editor and contributor to Humanist Voices, and am on the Americas Working Group for IHEYO. I wanted to learn more from your perspective, and in the exploration — for me — educate others. To begin this educational series on international youth humanism — its purpose, contents, and future, what are the demographics of youth humanism?

Marieke Prien: IHEYO’s target group are humanists aged 18–35. This doesn’t mean that people younger or older than that are not welcome, but it is the age group we are mostly working with and for. This is also connected to legal issues, especially at events where people under age would need a custodian.
But in the national organizations, there are also members younger than 18. For example, in Germany, many teenagers join and start being active after having done a humanist coming-of-age ceremony at age 14.

Unfortunately, I cannot say much more about the demographics, such as gender or educational backgrounds, as we do not get sufficient information from the member organizations.

Jacobsen: Who are some allies for youth humanism, e.g. ethical societies and ethical cultures?

Prien: In a broader sense, an ally could be anyone introducing humanism to young people. Family members, teachers or maybe even friends.

But more specifically, there are several organizations that are allies. Sometimes, it is merely the name that is different, sometimes they focus on different topics and measures but have a humanist world view. Some examples would be the Ethical Societies in the USA, the Prometheus Camp Associations in Finland and Sweden, Freethought associations, or Effective Altruism groups.

Jacobsen: As the president of IHEYO, you have unique insights, and responsibility, on international youth humanism, what is involved in organizing the global community? What is necessary to build and maintain one?

Prien: There are two dimensions to this: age and internationality.

Regarding age, it is important to take into account is that the lives of young people can be very unsteady. There is always motion because of changes in school, work, and the social circle. Many people have not settled yet and are unsure about their future. Their daily life can go through quieter periods in alternation with very stressful ones.

Because of this motion, people think twice before committing. For example, the members of our Executive Committee are elected for two years. This means that, to be part of it, you should at least somewhat know how you are going to spend the next two years, if you will still have time and enthusiasm to work with us. This can be scary and discouraging. So I think it is important to show that it is perfectly fine and normal, nobody expects a young person to have their schedule and daily life fixed like somebody who has worked in the same job for 25 years. There will be ups and downs, but that should not discourage anyone.

The other dimension, internationality, also has its challenges but brings this great diversity which I don’t want to miss. I am not only talking about diversity of the people, I am especially talking about the variety of topics and issues we are dealing with as humanists. We have a common base — humanism — on which we build our projects. What these projects are aiming at depends on local circumstances.

To be able to account for this, IHEYO has Working Groups: for Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. Of course a group cannot cover all local topics of an entire continent. But they connect the member organizations and plan actions together, targeting what they feel is most important in their region.

During regular meetings of IHEYO’s group chairs, communication officer, secretary-general and president, we keep each other updated, make plans and take decisions.

This structure allows us to aim at more local issues as well as worldwide ones. I believe it shows the people that their local affairs are taken seriously while at the same time connecting them to a global community.

Common events are of course the best way to maintain a community, the atmosphere is amazing at it brings such a boost in motivation and enthusiasm. But sadly, due to financial and other restrictions, not everybody who is active in IHEYO is able to join, at least not internationally. So the community also relies a lot on social media and other means of communication. We are lucky to live in a time where this is made easy.

Jacobsen: Some general provisions of IHEYO are associations, connections, a new publication (Humanist Voices). Can you describe some of these features of IHEYO in some depth?

Prien: As I mentioned above, there are events organized by us (in cooperation with the local member organizations) which contribute a lot to the community. They usually feature several talks and workshops providing information and know-how to the participants. The program points are held by either our members or external speakers, for example somebody from an Effective Altruism group. So there is a lot people can learn, which makes half of the outcome of the events. The other half is the deep sense of community, the heated discussions, and the ideas and plans people develop together.

I would like to mention that participation is not limited to our members, anybody can join and is very welcome to do so!

Humanist Voices is a blog that we started rather recently. It is a collection of thoughts expressed by different people, a platform for humanists who would like to publish articles, not a publication with a uniform opinion of IHEYO as an organization. We want to show that being a humanist doesn’t mean having a precast opinion that is entirely shared with other humanists. We want to encourage people to be sceptic, discuss, and form their own opinions.

Again — if anybody is interested, you are welcome to join!

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

A Brief Note on the Vital Need for Humanist Voices

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/08/27

Humanism and ethical culture are not generally known. As many have experienced, anything not mainstream religious is sometimes termed in the atheist camps by vocal minorities of the religious, by default: “atheists,” “non-believers,” “infidels,” and so on. The lack of knowledge and the sometime negative emotional evaluation is a symptom of religious hegemony over many cultures, especially the religion of love, Christianity, and the religion of peace, Islam.

The need for the voices of the neglected, the humanist and ethical culture types, is for a couple of reasons. One is the void needing filling. We live in pluralist centres of the world. It is instructive to reflect on this fact and juxtapose with the hegemony by, for examples, Christianity and Islam. The television channels and radio waves continue to reflect the dominant mythologies, as with Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire, and the Islamic Caliphate. All means of communication available at the time reflect the myths, especially among the educated classes with the religious texts.

Another reason is the alternative. Another way to derive meaning in life. Meaning from community in an ethical culture context through, for instance, an ethical society. No reference to the transcendent; nothing more than the ordinary community, to mobilize, to organize, to protest, to engage one another in the important transitions or events in life: birth, birthdays, graduation, adulthood, partnership, and death.

Humanist Voices is a way to give a channel for the neglected irreligious population. It is small, will grow, and seems like another way to bring some small (secular) meaning to our community.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

An Interview with Romeo de Bellefroid — Secretary General, IHEYO

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/08/27

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Recently, you were elected as the secretary general of IHEYO. Why did you run for the position?

Romeo de Bellefroid: Near the end of my second year in university, a friend and I stumbled into a discussion of a lesser-known humanist student organization that advocated for Free Inquiry. Unlike anywhere else, Socratic ignorance was acknowledged and self-questioning was seen as the most moral thing you could do. Two-and-a-half years later, I finished my mandate as President of that association and I was looking for something else to do. I still wanted to work for purposes I believe in. I think no teenager or young adult should be faced with the choice of either submitting to an external moral authority or being left on your own without anyone or anything to help you figure out how you should deal with life. That is, where you live you are not completely shunned, treated like a pariah or even persecuted when I got the opportunity to help people like me all over the world in circumstances often much dire than mine, I did not hesitate for long.

Jacobsen: What are you plans for the first 4 months of the organization, or the latter parts of 2017?

de Bellefroid: As soon as I figure out the tools I’m given, I will set up the elections that are due for our Asia Working Group. The amendments voted in this General Assembly will also need to be implemented. But maybe most importantly I have been told that we may have a window of opportunity for a conference somewhere in Europe. It would be awesome if we managed to set that up!

Jacobsen: What would you really love to see get off the ground for 2018?

de Bellefroid: The membership merge of IHEYO with IHEU opens up an untapped potential of young humanists that we want to reach. I will make sure we cooperate with IHEU and encourage local organizations to direct their youth to us. It is going to be a long process, but it is definitely worth it. I also think we should keep on supporting active local organizations that are very active and motivated, such as those in Central and South America. Then I give importance to being connected with all kinds of other youth organizations with different purposes. As an umbrella organization, I think it is important for us to know what kinds of external networks and opportunities exist, and can be used, for our members. And last but not least, I am curious as to what the other members of IHEYO and our Executive Committee have in mind, as most of them have hung around for longer than I did.

Jacobsen: If you reflect on the super-minority demographics of the humanist population, what are some difficulties associated with that in terms of getting the word out about humanists and humanism?

de Bellefroid: I think one of the bigger problems is that humanism is yet another droplet in a pond of “–isms.” Moreover, core parts of the humanist worldview are, in part, encapsulated in terms that are sometimes better known. Individualism, secularism, freethought, skepticism, those are all terms I have vaguely encountered elsewhere. But it was not until I joined a humanist student association that I began to form a coherent view of what is meant by humanism. It is also the case that humanism expresses itself in different forms. In many countries, humanism is much defined by the struggle to emancipate from religious doctrine. However, in countries with little religious pressure or in already humanist communities, it needs to offer something more.

Jacobsen: What does it take to be a humanist? Can one be a deist, pantheist, and so on — non-supernaturalist, humanist? I ask because the typical association is atheist, agnostic, freethinker, and so on.

de Bellefroid: I consider you a humanist in its broadest definition if you hold reason and morality to be derived from human considerations, aspirations, and needs, and not any authoritative and external source such as gods or holy scriptures. Sapere aude! But how humanism relates to different theisms is a bit fuzzy, people can combine certain theistic beliefs (such as pantheism) with humanism in the definition I gave. Though in practice, most humanists tend to seek morality without ever resorting to supernatural beings.

Jacobsen: What can humanists learn from each others’ honest failures and successes?

de Bellefroid: Well, a lot. We can learn from the attempts of excluding people in the name of humanism or using a particular description of humanism to call certain people less human, which is what Heidegger did in favor of the Nazis. But we can also learn from attempts to use a common feeling of humanity to strive for emancipation, and there I think of the fight against racial segregation in places like South Africa or the US. I think looking back at the latter is especially important, as the current struggles for social emancipation are often framed as a war between identities. This often ignores the heterogeneity of society and, for example, the fact that there are also vulnerable people in dominant groups.

Jacobsen: How else can we bring together the youth humanists around the world?

de Bellefroid: I think we can act as a global hub for today’s interconnected youth. We form a community of values based on the largest common denominator possible. That is why I don’t think we should keep to ourselves but be aware of everything that is done in terms of youth activism, consultation or any other kinds of projects involving youth internationally. I also think that many possibilities that the Internet and social media have opened will unfold in the future. Finally, I think we can be a rallying point for humanists around the world simply by being where it is important to be and offering humanists a positive project for the future. The advances of sciences, from AI, the study of consciousness, the exploration of space, to something very concrete like self-driving cars, all those new subjects have ethical ramifications for society. There is a need for large-scale ethical discussions on what this means for humans in human terms, which is what we stand for.

Jacobsen: Thank you for your time, Romeo.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Humanism in the Trump Era

Author(s): Emily Newman and Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/08/27

Emily Newman is the Development & Communications Assistant for The Humanist Institute and Communications Coordinator of the American Ethical Union. She has been a key organizer of the Future of Ethical Societies since 2011 and helped develop the IHEYO American Working Group.

Introduction

The Trump Administration has shown itself as a, if not the, major concern for citizens in the United States, as well as the rest of the world because the US is the most powerful nation in military might, economic power, and international soft power.

In the final 2016 presidential debate, current President Donald Trump proclaimed “no one respects women more than me.” However, later in the debate, he interrupted then Secretary Hillary Clinton over 35 times, once to refer to her as “such a nasty woman.”

The deliberate slanders on the campaign trail were numerous, and quite conscious — and even at times non-conscious and highly impulsive — in trying to muddy Clinton’s representation as an activist for women’s rights.

Trump keeps telling us that he respects women. But has he been showing us? Has he treated women with respect and encouraged others to do so as well? Do we trust that he will support and defend women throughout his term? How much can he really respect women?

He previously bragged about grabbing women in their privates and shows little indication of a change in his perspective that women are inequality in physical treatment as objects to him, as things to be objectified.

He may think that he respects women because he has done some good things and could be worse, but there is not enough evidence to show he truly respects women. Besides, the standard for treatment of women and female empowerment is not thinking, “It could have been worse,” or, “He’s done a little.” It’s an inappropriate benchmark, especially for leader of the free world.

Trump can highlight how he hired and promoted women in his businesses, listens to his wife and daughter about “women’s difficulties,” and invites women to meetings at the White House. His administration can boast that he signed a proclamation designating March as Women’s History Month, and tweeted something nice for International Women’s Day.

He can claim that he has matured from previously made rude comments, which are insulting to many women, “locker room talk,” and actions that caused him to be accused of sexual assault by 11 women.

But his past actions should at least prove that he does not respect women more than everybody else, certainly not more than the many people who have fought and continue to fight for women’s rights around the country. The fact that he continues to praise himself in this regard and not acknowledge other people’s dedication to supporting women is strong evidence against his claim.

Putting aside our issues with his hyperbole (and grammar), let’s look at how Trump could show he respects women. The Center for American Progress prepared an issue brief that “highlights 100 ways in which Trump’s policy actions and proposals fall short of — and often harm — the comprehensive progress that millions of women and their families need.” Please read them all. We highlight a few key issues below:

Healthcare

Women, like men, need reliable and affordable healthcare in order to stay healthy. Trump repealed the Affordable Care Act before having a good replacement prepared and his budget cuts Children’s Health Insurance Program, Medicaid, and international support (causing resurgence and spread of diseases that could be treated if detected early).

The proposed healthcare bill, developed by only white men, does not provide needed services to “pre-existing conditions” including rape, mental health issues, and pregnancy. His proposed budget also attacks STEM education programs, which would enable women to get a better education, good jobs, and support health opportunities for all.

Does he not value science, research, and health, or does he not understand how essential they are to improving our country? Either answer terrifies us.

Reproductive Rights

A significant part of a women’s health is her ability to get or avoid getting pregnant. Trump has said (in Presidential debate & August 2015 interview with Sean Hannity) that Planned Parenthood provides vital services for millions of women other than abortion, including cancer screenings, yet he supports defunding it.

In March 2016, he told Chris Matthews in MSNBC town hall-style forum that abortion must be banned and women who seek abortions should be punished, later clarifying that he meant the person who performed the abortion would be legally responsible.

Is this denial of what Human Rights Watch calls a fundamental human right permissible? He is appealing to the fundamentalist and ethnic nationalist base to thrust women into secondary status without the right to choose how their bodies are treated.

The president also reinstated and expanded the global gag rule, preventing NGOs from receiving U.S. aid if they provide abortion counseling or referrals. It is an absurd regrowth of the Reagan-era politics, which will punish women — and especially poor and minority women.

Parental Leave and Equal Pay

Families that have children need to spend time caring for babies, without losing their jobs or being forced back to work soon after the birth. Parental leave is needed for both men and women because it is not only the mother who is raising the child and dealing with this new life change.

On March 27, Trump revoked Obama’s 2014 Fair Pay and Safe Workplacesorder, which ensured that companies with federal contracts comply with 14 labor and civil rights laws. The Fair Pay order was put in place after a 2010 Government Accountability Office investigation showed that companies with rampant violations were being awarded millions in federal contracts.

In an attempt to keep the worst violators from receiving taxpayer dollars, the Fair Pay order included two rules that impacted women workers: paycheck transparency and a ban on forced arbitration clauses for sexual harassment, sexual assault or discrimination claims.

Conclusion

On the bright side, many women are acting on the frustration based on the decisions and actions of the Trump administration, where demeaning phrases like “nasty woman” become battle cries. They have been inspired to donate to organizations such as the ACLU and Planned Parenthood, contact their politicians to voice their views, and run for office.

According to a March 2017 post on Emily’s List: “Since November 8, over 10,000 women have contacted the organization about potential runs for office — roughly ten times as many as reached out during the entire 2016 election cycle, from January 2015 to last November.”

We can and must come together to raise our voices for the administration to hear. No matter your gender, sexual orientation, income, race, religious beliefs, or any other distinguishing qualities, we are all humans that expect our government to support its people.

That is the universalist, humanist, credo. Even if you don’t live in America, you are affected by its policies. America should be supporting every person by funding educational programs, protecting the vulnerable populations, using evidence-based information to make responsible decisions, and working towards that universal humanist credo.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

In Celebration of Dr. Leo Igwe

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/08/26

Dr. Leo Igwe has been awarded the Distinguished Services to Humanism Award by the International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU). We have written a number of articles together in a question and answer format.

It was a pleasant surprise to him, apparently (Brayton, 2017). I am happy to see someone well-deserving of the recognition of support in the fight for humanism, secularism, and against superstition and unreason.

He wrote something short entitled “Distinguished Services to Humanism Award: To All Humanists at Risk Worldwide,” where he shows appreciation for the support and reflects on others, “How would anyone compare my contributions to those of the likes of American Philosopher Corliss Lamont, Indian Humanists Indumati Parikh and Abe Solomon, British Humanists, David Pollock, Robbi Robson and my friend Josh Kutchinsky and past IHEU presidents Roy Brown and Sonja Eggerickx?”

He noted that the vision for humanism from the inception of IHEU was to advance the principles and values of humanism forward. The point, with which I agree, is to fight against dogmatic religion and to provide an alternative path in life, critique and community.

Dr. Igwe founded the Nigerian Humanist Movement in 1996. “I was not born a humanist. In fact, I trained to become a priest, not a humanist leader,” Igwe said, “I had no experience in organized humanism. However, I knew that there was something missing in humanism as it was then.”

Over 20 years later, there are two organizations founded and registered with the Nigerian government: The Humanist Assembly of Lagos and the Atheist Society of Nigeria. Dr. Igwe built these organizations from the ground up. A commendable act and person who has definitely earned this honor. It has contributed to humanism in across the continent.

Igwe said, “In fact, recently we have seen a wave of humanism-as-it-should-be silently sweeping across Ghana, Kenya, Uganda, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa.”

All of these efforts, especially those from IHEU, have helped with the development of the Freedom of Thought of Report, which I recommend if you want to know what to target in order to further secularize your country. The research is thorough and important.

I am happy Dr. Igwe was given this award as it was definitely well-earned. I look forward to his further work in the future.

References

Brayton, E. (2017, August 11). Leo Igwe, Distinguished Services to Humanism Award 2017. Retrieved from http://www.patheos.com/blogs/dispatches/2017/08/11/leo-igwe-distinguished-services-humanism-award-2017/#9vxJYmoRrbEWy2To.99.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Charlottesville to Kuala Lumpur

Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Publication (Outlet/Website): Canadian Atheist

Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2017/08/22

The International Humanist and Ethical Youth Organisation (IHEYO) stands in solidarity with the International Humanist and Ethical Union and the American Humanist Association against the white supremacists and Neo-Nazis in Charlottesville.

IHEYO also stands in solidarity with the Kuala Lumpur consulate for the Atheist Republic.

In light of the calls for hunting down the atheists for being public and having a dinner in an Islamically-run society, and the Neo-Nazi and white supremacist gatherings in Charlottesville, the humanist and ethical culture movement does have implied positions.

On the hunting down of atheists, or non-believers, even “infidels” by some people’s lights, this goes against fundamental principles of freedom of belief and association, especially without fear of life and livelihood after a dinner photo.

On the Charlottesville gathering of Neo-Nazis and white supremacists, IHEYO stands against any ethnic chauvinism and supremacy, and Nazi political positions, especially when brought together in movements hoping for a fantasy through ethnic nationalism.

These recent events reinstantiate the need for universalist values inherent in humanism to be further implemented in societies, especially those wracked by theological domination over state and law, and the death threats for those simply believing as they wish.

It is also a means from which to reflect on other societies’ positions who are not overtly theocratic, but by culture, custom, and norms are tacitly theocratic with religion holding high privileges.

These types of events will likely occur in the future. We must be prepared to act in solidarity against these atrocious actions with coalitions, whether explicit or not, to protect against inflaming of old hatreds and the rising from the ashes of extremist positions: religious, ethnic, or political.

*This was a note following the two events on behalf of the International Humanist and Ethical Youth Organisation.* 

Scott Douglas Jacobsen founded In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Witchcraft Persecution and Land Disputes in Amuda Isuochi, Abia State

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 10, 2022

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: TBD

Words: 954

Keywords: Advocacy for Alleged Witches, Leo Igwe.

Witchcraft Persecution and Land Disputes in Amuda Isuochi, Abia State[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

There is a link between disputes over land and allegations of perpetrating occult harm in Abia state in Southern Nigeria. This connection, reinforced whenever some misfortune befalls any of the parties, has amply been illustrated by the case of Obioma Ubani from Amuda Isuochi, a village in the northern central part of Abia state. In May, an advocate drew the attention of AfAW to the case of Mr. Ubani. He is in his 70s. His villagers banished him for killing a family member through witchcraft. Videos and photos of Mr. Ubani wearing some palm fronds, locally known as Omu, and being publicly disgraced and driven out of his community circulated on social media. In one of the videos, Obioma could be seen swearing and insisting on his innocence while a mob was charging and threatening to kill him if he returned to the village.

For some days, AfAW tried to reach Mr. Ubani without success. Calls were made to random numbers linked to persons and institutions in Amuda Isuochi and the surrounding villages. Some of the persons contacted said they did not know about the case. Whilst others said that they did not want to be associated with the issue. Luckily, somebody called back and provided the contact information of the wife, and the wife gave the contact of their son who is a pastor at a local church.

The son provided the contact of the father Mr. Ubani. Before she gave the contact of the son, the wife of Obioma recounted her side of the story. She was not at home when the husband was publicly accused, disgraced, and banished from their home. She went to the market. But on her return, she was told that her husband had been banished and that she should return to her paternal home because she was privy to the magical harm that the husband perpetrated. This accusation emotionally shattered Mrs. Ubani. Nonetheless, she left the community taking none of her belongings. She later sent some relatives to their family house and found out that the mob looted the house and made away with the palm oil that she stored for sale and other items. Also, all the chicken in her poultry had died because nobody fed or catered for them.

In recounting what happened, Mr. Ubani made it clear that his banishment was connected to a dispute over family land. The other party in the dispute was a younger family member that he helped train and support while he was in school. Mr. Obioma Ubani is the eldest in the family and the custodian of the family estate. A family member who was lecturing at a university wanted to build a house and asked Obioma to show him a piece of land where he could erect his building. Obioma told him to have some patience. While he was trying to decide which piece of land to give him, this lecturer went and started building on a piece of land which Obioma said belonged to him. Obioma went and put some Omu on the land. According to Mr. Ubani, placing palm fronds on the land (Igba Omu) was to tell this family member to cease further action until the matter was resolved. This relative reported the case to the village council. Obioma Ubani was asked to remove the Omu. He told the village council that he placed the Omu because he would not stand by and watch this relative take over his land. He went ahead and removed the Omu from the land. That was in December last year.

In May, some community members invited him to a meeting. They informed him that this relative had died and that he was responsible for the death. No medical autopsy was carried out to ascertain the cause of death. Community members based their decision on the fact that Mr. Obioma Ubani placed Omu on the disputed land. That Obioma declared that he won’t live to see the late relative build on the land. Obioma said that the community members misquoted him; they twisted what he said to suit their intent to hold him responsible for the death of this relative. The village mob eventually drove me out; they placed Omu on him booing as he left the community. Some of those who facilitated the mob action include Tony Igwe, Monday Ihegazie, Okechukwu Oguesie, Uchenna Offor, Uchenna Obi, Ignatius Okereke, and others. Following his expulsion from the community, Mr. Ubani has been living with his family members in Enugu.

Family members informed the traditional ruler of the community, Eze Okechukwu Chukwuji, the Logo of Amuda Isuochi, about the incident. Eze Chukwuji was unhappy with the allegation and banishment of Mr. Ubani. He promised to look into the case. Obioma’s family also reported the case to the police at Zone 9, Umuahia. AfAW contacted the police officer assigned to investigate the case. And she confirmed that the investigation was ongoing. AfAW will monitor the process of investigation to ensure that the police do not compromise the case. Witch persecution and mistreatment of alleged witches continue to take place because the police are pressured and bribed to abandon reported cases. The police are unable to investigate and prosecute perpetrators. AfAW will work and campaign to educate and enlighten the people of Amuda Isuochi to know that allegations of witchcraft are baseless, and the banishment of Mr. Ubani violated the law and human rights. AfAW will strive to reason the accusers out of their ignorance, occult fears and anxieties including their mistaken ideas and assumptions about the cause of death, diseases and other misfortunes. AfAW will ensure that those who were behind the persecution and banishment of Mr. Ubani are brought to justice.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 10, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/2022/02/10/witchcraft-persecution-and-land-disputes-in-amuda-isuochi-abia-state/.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Witch Persecution: Are Pagans Against Enlightenment in South Africa?

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 10, 2022

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: TBD

Words: 1,012

Keywords: Advocacy for Alleged Witches, Leo Igwe.

Witch Persecution: Are Pagans Against Enlightenment in South Africa?[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

A recent post urging black and white South Africans to rally against witch persecution and muti killings has elicited some reactions from the pagan community in South Africa. While it has never been my intention to join issues with the pagan community, I would like to address the concerns that they raised. It is pertinent to take this opportunity to clarify what seems like some confusion and misunderstanding of the campaigns, positions, and activities of the Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AfAW). These mistaken statements and insinuations are contained in the posts and comments that were published here. And here is my brief response.

First, I am aware that the South African Pagan Rights Alliance (SAPRA) has an advocacy campaign against witchcraft accusations and witch hunts. However, I do not know enough about the SAPRA campaign to comment on it. I welcome any initiative that could help tackle the menace of witch persecution in the region. Again, the AfAW campaign is much more than this writer and his views. To reduce the AfAW campaign to the position and perspective of this writer is to discount the important work that other advocates are doing in various parts of the region and beyond. The AfAW network has continued to grow. While I initiated this advocacy group, many others work and volunteer with AfAW and help in furthering the goal of ending witch persecution in the region. AfAW has advocates in Nigeria, South Africa, Malawi, Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, Liberia, Zambia, and other African and non-African countries who support its mission.

Yes, I am a humanist, and as stated on its website, AfAW’s position is humanist, skeptical, and human rights-based. Some advocates are religious or theistic. In fact all who have benefited from AfAW’s interventions are religious and theistic persons. Thus it is absurd and misguided to associate AfAW’s campaign with religious bigotry.

AfAW’s advocacy is against witch persecution, not against pagans or the pagan religion. In fact across African countries, the term pagan is largely seen as a pejorative word that western Christian missionaries and their African converts introduced to describe African traditional religion. They used it to mean fetish and idol worship as opposed to ‘true’ religious observance as encapsulated in Christianity. The term witch or witchcraft is alien to the target cultures in Africa. Witch or witchcraft is an Anglosaxon term for a local phenomenon that predates Africa’s contact with Western anthropologists. In its campaign against ‘witch’ persecution, AfAW speaks to a sociocultural issue that predates the pagan religion and conception of ‘witchcraft’ in South Africa. So the term witchcraft or witch as understood by pagans in South Africa comes with conceptual and cultural baggage that pagans in South Africa should acknowledge or ignore at their peril especially when engaging or criticizing the positions and activities of AfAW.

As stated in AfAW’s Decade of Activism, the campaign uses a two-pronged approach to combat ‘witch’ persecution. It defends, protects, supports, and empowers victims of witch persecution. It also educates and enlightens actual and potential accusers and abusers. As part of the public enlightenment of the accusing parties, AfAW critically evaluates narratives and ideas that are used to justify witch persecution, witch hunting, and killing. These narratives include notions that some individuals can turn into birds or insects and fly out at night or that some persons can appear and harm others in their dreams or use some ‘supernatural’ means to cause accidents, illness, and death.

Such an approach helps in reasoning witch persecutors and hunters out of their ignorance of nature and how nature works; it clarifies misconceptions of misfortunes and how misfortunes are caused. So why should pagans in South Africa have issues with this approach? Look, AfAW is not interested in what pagans believe. It is not the goal of AfAW to affirm or deny the pagan articles of faith. Pagan faith or belief is pagans’ business, not AfAW’s. AfAW is only interested and concerned about the narratives that witchcraft accusers, witch persecutors, and hunters use to justify their criminal activities and atrocities. AfAW campaigns to dispel these superstitious notions and practices that sanctify and legitimize witch allegations and bloodletting. It is not of interest whether these harmful beliefs form a part of the corpus of pagan, Hindu, Christian, Islamic religious, theist, or atheistic beliefs.

Pagans in South Africa should try not to misrepresent the campaign of AfAW or the positions of advocates. When AfAW declares that witches, as conceived by accusers, are imaginary, and do not exist, it is not an exercise in denial, it is a statement of fact. When advocates state that alleged witches do not turn into birds and fly out at night as their accusers claim, that is a position based on evidence. Isn’t it? That is not imposing atheism on Africans- as condescending as that sounds. What do pagans in South Africa have against campaigns based on facts? Why are they opposed to evidence-based positions and propositions? In the face of horrific abuses in the name of witchcraft, pagans in South Africa should be interested in calling out witch hunters and their mistaken propositions.

Witch persecution persists in Africa mainly due to a tongue-in-a-cheek approach of campaigners, and a lack of firm and unequivocal stand against superstition-based abuses. This trend must stop. I mean how does SAPRA expect to succeed in the advocacy against witchcraft accusations and witch hunts when it cannot critically engage and expose the mistaken beliefs and assumptions that inform the abuses?

Challenging the superstitious belief in witches is one of the hallmarks of the European Enlightenment. Skeptical rationality is one of the markers and moments of western modernity. Europeans and people of European descent look back to the era of Enlightenment with a sense of pride. And this should not be different in the case of advocacy against witch hunts and the furtherance of African modernity and Enlightenment. Pagans in South Africa should rise up to this challenge; they should come forward and cooperate with AfAW in dispelling the mistaken assumptions and superstitions that enable witchcraft accusations and witch hunts in the region.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 10, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/2022/02/10/witch-persecution-are-pagans-against-enlightenment-in-south-africa/.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Witch Persecution and Miscarriage of Justice in Adamawa, Nigeria

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 10, 2022

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: TBD

Words: 2,530

Keywords: Advocacy for Alleged Witches, Leo Igwe.

Witch Persecution and Miscarriage of Justice in Adamawa, Nigeria[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

The Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AfAW) urges the Adamawa state government to take urgent measures to tackle witch trials and persecution in the state. This appeal has become necessary following reported cases of abuse linked to witchcraft allegations and the failure of state institutions to address this menace. Through the office of the National Human Rights Commission in Yola, AfAW has received reports of witch persecution in Adamawa.

In one case, a 17-year old girl, Ms. Remigius was accused of witchcraft and subjected to inhuman and degrading treatment. According to a local source, the incident took place sometime in October/November in 2018 in Gaya district in Adamawa-Hong local government. The district head, Idris Abdullahi presided over the witch trial. Mr. Abdullahi invited some traditional ‘witch doctors’ after a girl fell ill. The witch doctors gave her some concoctions and she mentioned the name of Ms. Remigius and two other girls who initiated her.

The district head invited these girls and asked if they were responsible for the girl’s ailment but they denied it. The girls were told that they would return on a particular date when they would be tested and confirmed if they were guilty or not. As part of the trial, the traditional witch doctor would give them some concoction to drink. A rope would be tied around their neck, while the other end of the rope is placed inside a hole that was dug purposely for this trial. The witch hunter would tie their hands behind their back. Anyone who is guilty would be unable to stand after taking the concoction. If the accused is guilty, he or she would fall into the hole.

A date was agreed when the girls would undergo the trial. However, out of fear, a mother to one of the accused girls asked her to accept so that she would not be subjected to this ordeal. And she accepted. The witch doctor fined her 50,000 naira (110 dollars) But Ms. Remigius stood her ground. She maintained her innocence and agreed to go through the trial. Her father opposed the trial but the district head and the traditional witch doctor insisted that the trial would go ahead.

On the said date, which was a market day, the witch doctor stripped Ms. Remigius naked and made her stand before the public. He gave her some concoction to drink and left her under the hot sun from 9.00 am to 4 .00pm. The grandmother and her sister went to the scene, which was the residence of Mallam Shuaibu but they did not allow them to see her.

According to a family source, others who also drank the concoction were vomiting in the night but Ms. Remigius did not. She inquired from the traditional witch doctors who stated that she had not been fully initiated, that she was six months away from being fully initiated into the witchcraft world. The witch doctor asked Ms. Remigius to pay 150,000 naira (330 dollars) to stop her full initiation but she refused. Since the witch doctor was unable to confirm her guilt, Ms. Remigius’ father asked the district head and the witch doctor to release her daughter but they declined. They state that they would take to the prison.

Ms. Remigius’ reported the matter at the local police station in Hong. The police met with the traditional witch doctor and the girl at the house of the district head. They released Ms. Remigius and she went home with the father. Ms. Remigius’ family took her to a local hospital where she was medically examined and treated for the injuries. The rope bruised her neck and hands. In addition, Ms. Remigius’ family filed a complaint with the state police command in Yola, the Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice, and the office of the National Human Rights Commission. According to family sources, the police told the complainants to report back several times and nothing came out of the process. The commissioner of Justice and the NHRC office in Yola invited the district head but he did not honor the invitation. After going through the complaint, the office of the NHRC in Yola awarded a compensation of 50,000 naira to the accused. However, family sources revealed that the said amount had yet to get to the accused.

In a related development, another woman, Mrs. Wisdom (55), has been subjected to torture, inhumane and degrading treatment in the name of witchcraft in Njoboliyo in Yola south. According to a relative, Mrs. Wisdom was severally accused. A Christian pastor, Imani Gideon was the main driver of the accusations. Pastor Gideon used to conduct prayer sessions at his residence and during the program, some people go into a trance to make some confessions. The pastor has some teenage girls, called the angels, who claim to have supernatural powers and they usually reveal those who have occult powers in the community. On one occasion, a woman confessed during a prayer session that Mrs. Wisdom wanted to kill her family member through occult means. Another man attempted to murder Mrs. Wisdom with a machete and javelin in the night. The daughter claimed that Mrs. Wisdom wanted to kill her in the dream. Fortunately, some neighbors intervened and the man could not harm him. Shortly after that another man, Absalom Ausa, broke into Mrs. Wisdom’s house and attacked her. He hit her with a big stick and injured her on the hand and head. But Mrs. Wisdom managed to escape to a local police station. From there she was taken to a local hospital where she was treated. On her return from the hospital, the elder brother of Absalom, Babangida saw Mrs. Wisdom at the premises of the police station. He held her on her clothe and slapped her. The police did not arrest or punish this man. Mrs. Wisdom continued to live in fear for her life and at a point, she fled the village and went to live with a relative in Yola North. While she was living there, Pastor Gideon through the village head invited her to his residence for some prayers but she refused to go fearing that they would harm her. After some time, the pastor sent some thugs in a car with a police officer and they came and abducted her.

On reaching the pastor’s residence, they forced her to lie on the floor and tried to pluck out the eyes. They accused her of killing the first wife of the pastor. And the second wife alleged that Mrs. Wisdom used her mystical powers to stop her from getting pregnant. They beat her and broke her leg. They removed her wedding ring claiming that it was an occult ring. In the presence of villagers and a police officer, they stripped her naked and flogged her with a power cable, and put some pepper on her private part. In addition, they hit her on the head with heavy metal and continued to beat her with a cable and a big stick that they call Gora in Hausa language. They also gave her some concoction to drink. In the cause of the trial, the Pastor’s wife said that God told her that she would give birth to twins named Paul and Paulina. But Mrs. Wisdom prevented her from getting pregnant. One of those torturing Mrs. Wisdom told her to make the pastor’s wife pregnant before November otherwise they would kill her anywhere they found her. According to family sources, they tortured Mrs. Wisdom to the point that she agreed to all the allegations so that she could remain alive. A man was the community later intervened and they stopped torturing. The following day they brought the woman back to her residence. Some family members took her to the hospital where she has been receiving treatment. They later reported the matter to the National Human Rights Commission office in Yola. After examining the complaint, the commission awarded a compensation of 300,000 naira (530 dollars). Family sources told AfAW that the alleged witch has yet to receive the compensation. Here is a copy of the submission which the family made to the NHRC office in Yola: “Torture, Inhuman, Cruel and Degrading Treatment/False Accusation: The whole incident started with series of accusations from some of the members of her community. Then one Rejoice claimed that the victim tried to kill her elder brother when the prayer was going on. Also on a subsequent occasion one with the name lovely a male, came and attempted to kill the victim with javelin and machete in the night when he was told by his daughter that she dreamed that the victim came with a knife wanted to kill her. But fortunately for the victim, her neighbors stop him and he went away.

After some months from the precious incident then one Absalom Ausa, a male, came to the victim house and hit her with a big stick on her head and even injures her and cut both her finger and her palm, and broke the door of the par-low and main room into pieces. Seeing that the victim ran to the police station of the village and she was taking to the hospital where she was been treated. On the same day after they left the hospital and return to the police station then the elder brother to Absalom with the name Babangida Ausa held her shirt and rapper and Slap her and tore it. After three weeks after the incident at the police station, when the pressure on the victim got high she ran from the village to her elder sister in Rumde Makera, yola north, with the help of some people. Then the Village Head sent one of his guard, S.O (Station Officer) and vigilante to her elder sister house to come with the victim but she refused to go with them, then they called the pastor on phone and told him, after hearing that the pastor sent his car and some strong men to come with her. And they came and took her away with the promise that the pastor will only pray for her. On reaching the pastor’s resident they laid her down trying to plug out her eyes they said she is the one that killed the first wife of the pastor. And his second wife said that she was the one who prevented her from getting pregnant. And because of the pastor’s wife, they broke the victim’s leg and they even removed her wedding ring that which’s an occult ring Still in the presence of the village Head the pastor his Wife, S.O and many other people who came to see what was happening, the stripped her naked, tortured her with electrical wire and they also put/applied pepper on her private part. Only God and she knew the pains she was going through at that time and even after. But that’s was not even enough, they took one heavy metal with it the have been hitting her head with it. After that, they continued beating her with electric cable on her body, and with another big stick known as Gora in the Hausa Language, they hit her leg hard which lead to a fracture in the leg. Whenever they asked her to agree to the accusation when she says no they continue beating and torturing her, they even gave her Acid to drink which she did, when she prayed in her heart unknowingly to them, and to the glory of God she didn’t die as expected by them. The wife of the pastor said God told her that she will get pregnant and give birth to two children with the name Paul and Paulina but the victim prevented that from happening. And one of the torturers by the name Gabriel Clair who broke her leg said if she didn’t make her get pregnant before November last year, Anywhere they see you they will kill you. They did a lot of atrocities to her and damage her health physically and psychologically, with some of the pictures attached herewith will prove to you beyond all reasonable doubt, not when you even see her physically the scars are evident. The pastor has some teenage children who they refer to them as angels they are the ones who claimed to have supernatural powers who can see beyond human eyes, they are the ones that told the pastor who is an occult person and witchcraft. They tortured my mother to the point that she had no choice but to agree to their accusations so that she will live. And what they do is, they will call the name of someone and said are you the one that killed that person she will answer yes, just anything they said she will agree to it. Lastly, the most painful thing is that no single prayer has been done to her which is what they said they will take her there for, but they ended up beating, torturing, and threatening her life. They tarnished her image, making almost 90% of her own community people and other people outside, see her as a witch”.

Local sources have noted that witch trials and persecution are pervasive in Adamawa. District and village heads often invite traditional doctors and pastors to carry witch finding and witch cleansing in the communities. Witch hunters administer concoctions to alleged witches. These concoctions are poisonous and sometimes lead to death or permanent health damage. Victims of witch persecution largely suffer in silence. They resign to their fate and do not speak out or seldom take action against their accusers and persecutors. As the two cases have illustrated, even in situations where they seek redress, justice is elusive. The police are unable to carry out arrested and investigations. The attorney generals cannot ensure that justice is done. Even compensations that the NHRC promised have yet to get to the victims. AfAW concerned over the inability of state institutions to protect and defend alleged witches in Adamawa AfAW is outraged that sometimes state agents such as police officers are complicity in horrific witch abuse and trials in the communities.

AfAW asks the police and government of Adamawa to arrest and prosecute district and village heads, Christian, Muslim, and traditional witch doctors, and other perpetrators of witch-hunting in the communities. The government should ensure that there are serious consequences for indulging in witch persecution and trial by ordeal of alleged witches.

AfAW enjoins the NHRC to make good its promise of compensating victims of witch persecution. The Commission should ensure that the compensation of 50,000 naira and 300,000 naira reaches Ms. Remigious and Mrs. Wisdom respectively. Compensations are pointless and empty promises and if the recompense is not delivered to those who suffered harm or loss. AfAW appeals to the people of Adamawa to abandon superstitions including misconceptions about the cause of misfortunes and embrace science and critical thinking. Dream experiences are fantasies informed by wishful thinking and anxieties. People of Adamawa should become advocates against witchcraft accusations and witch persecution. They should join efforts with AfAW to dispel witchcraft fears and anxieties and make witchcraft accusations and witch-killing history in 2030.

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Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 10, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/2022/02/10/witch-persecution-and-miscarriage-of-justice-in-adamawa-nigeria/.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Will South Africans Rally Against Witch Persecution and Muti Murders?

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 10, 2022

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: TBD

Words: 965

Keywords: Advocacy for Alleged Witches, Leo Igwe.

Will South Africans Rally Against Witch Persecution and Muti Murders?[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

This question has become necessary following reported cases of attacks and killings linked to witchcraft and muti beliefs in South Africa. In pre-apartheid and post-apartheid South Africa, these superstitious-based abuses have been perpetrated. A lot is missing in the way South Africans have addressed this problem. It has become necessary to explore how these dark and destructive phenomena could be eradicated going forward.

Let us take a look at some recent cases. In January, a mob locked up an 80-year old woman and later set her ablaze after accusing her of witchcraft. This tragic incident took place in Mbuzini. Mbuzini is a village at the border of South Africa and Mozambique. According to the report, on that fateful night, some people saw the accused sprinkling something outside. They attributed that to witchcraft. They caught the woman, took her to the house, hacked her with a hoe, and then set the body ablaze.

The alleged witch was burnt to death. The police made some arrests and the case is before the Tonga magistrate court. Witch persecution is pervasive in Mbuzini. Villagers usually banish alleged witches. In a related incident, a 27-year old woman accused of witchcraft was attacked and burnt with petrol in Kwa Zulu Natal. In 2018, three alleged witches were killed in the province.

In addition to witchcraft-related attacks, South Africa is grappling with killings linked to the belief in muti. Police have described muti killings as a form of crime against humanity. Unfortunately, this designation has done very little to persuade South Africans,-black South Africans- against this harmful superstitious belief and practice. Muti belief and practice remain strong in the region because there is some racial undertone. In South Africa, racism feature in everyday discourses. Some identity politics underlies the debate of muti. Over the years, muti has featured prominently in the exotic representation of African culture mainly by western anthropologists and their African apologists. This misrepresentation has made it difficult to unpack and critically examine muti beliefs. The idea of muti must be thoroughly examined to root muti-related abuses. Muti means medicine. It is derived from the Nguni word for a tree which IsiZulu is a member of. The term is often used to designate traditional medicine, ‘African medicine’. That is where the problem lies. Muti has pejorative connotations because medicine is medicine. There is nothing like African medicine or American medicine or Indian medicine. As a form of traditional medicine, muti is often not distinguishable from magic, charms, or juju. Just like the term for God in an African language should not mean or translate to mean a different God, an African God, the term for medicine-muti (Nguni), Ogwu (Igbo) Tim (Dagomba) Ogun (Yoruba), Dawa (Swahili) should not designate other and ‘African’ medicine.

Muti is linked to African traditional belief, religion, and identity as opposed to ‘modern’ medicine that is linked to white westerners. These representations and misrepresentations of medicine are linked to ideas of modernity and tradition, science and superstition, white and black races. Incidentally, these distinctions and dichotomies persist and have made it difficult to challenge and question muti claims and ideas. Even though they find the claims mistaken and superstitious, Black South Africans who object to muti claims may not openly challenge them because muti is designated as African; as rooted in African culture. White South Africans are reluctant to question, criticize or highlight the absurdity of muti beliefs because they do not want to be accused of racism or neocolonialism. To avoid being accused of racism, they ignore or explain muti/witch beliefs away as illustrations of ‘African’ science. There is a need to discard these prejudices and misconceptions that have continued to hamper the cause of enlightenment in South Africa. Superstition is embedded in western as well as in African cultures. If superstition is not designated as science in the west, it should not be framed as science in Africa.

To end abuses linked to witch and muti beliefs, there is an urgent need for a reconceptualization of muti in South Africa and among South Africans. Otherization of ‘African’ medicine must stop. Folkinization of African medicine must end. South Africans, both black and white, must reject the narrative that designates muti and witchcraft claims as part of African science (whatever that means). To further the cause of Enlightenment, South Africans need to realize that witchcraft is a form of superstition. There is a need to acknowledge a distinction between scientific muti or evidence based medicine and superstitious muti. Muti killings are informed by superstitions. And these superstitious and irrational beliefs need to be dispelled and abandoned. Witchcraft and muti narratives must be critically evaluated. Black South Africans need to understand that there is no link between witchcraft and misfortunes such as accidents, poverty, sickness, and death that people suffer in communities. There is no evidence that muti killings and ritual sacrifice yield business, financial and political fortunes!

As a South African advocate noted: “South Africans must educate themselves on sicknesses that affect the minds of the elderly. Too many elderly persons that are suffering from dementia and have been labeled witches. They accuse them of having malevolent occult powers when found wandering in their sleepwear or even in their undies. Some elderly persons have even met their cruel deaths in the hands of local mobs. There must also be a great awakening amongst media houses. Media stations own these gossip-mongering newspapers. There is one in particular which is very popular with witchcraft stories.  Those who own these media houses have some agenda to represent the African person as an essentially superstitious being while making money from the sale of these newspapers“.

Given the racially charged nature of issues and debates in South Africa, will South Africans rally against witch persecution and muti killings? Only time will tell.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 10, 2022: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/justice-for-accused-and-convicted-witches-everywhere.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Arrest and Prosecute Witch-hunting Pastors, Mallams, and Traditional Priests

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 10, 2022

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: TBD

Words: 502

Keywords: Advocacy for Alleged Witches, Leo Igwe.

Arrest and Prosecute Witch-hunting Pastors, Mallams, and Traditional Priests[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

The Advocacy for Alleged Witches(AfAW) urges the Nigerian Police to arrest and prosecute all pastors, mallams, and traditional priests who attribute individual or collective misfortunes, personal or family problems to witchcraft or occult individuals in families and communities. Such mistaken assumptions are at the root of pervasive persecution and killing of alleged witches, especially the vicious treatment that is meted out to these innocent human beings. This call has become necessary following several cases of witch torture and murder that are linked to the instruction and declarations of pastors, mallams, prophets and prophetesses, and traditional priests/priestesses. Many people who have been arrested or convicted for killing alleged witches claimed to have indulged in these atrocious acts after consulting so-called godmen and women. It is common knowledge that faced with problems and challenges, some persons consult men and women of god and other ‘spiritually powerful’ people for answers and solutions. And people unquestionably believe what these self-acclaimed occult experts say.

Too often, these charlatans attribute the cause of poverty and misery, unemployment, diseases, accidents, and deaths to witchcraft or some occult or magical malevolent force. Pastors and other self-styled men and women of god openly and publicly impute witchcraft; they incite violence, hatred, and persecution of alleged witches with impunity. They use the Bible, Quran, and tradition to justify their wild speculations and mistaken assumptions. Many clerics motivate witch believers to attack, and murder imagined evildoers and suspected agents of the occult in their families and communities.

For instance, in Ondo, a 30-year-old woman has confessed to killing the mother with a cutlass. She murdered the mother because a pastor revealed that the mother was a witch and was responsible for her health problems. The pastor made the revelation when the woman went to him for spiritual cleansing. In a related development, a pastor has also been linked to the attack and persecution of an alleged witch in Adamawa. In this case, the pastor claimed to have identified the woman as a witch while in a trance. Church members believed what the pastor said and descended on the woman. They beat and tortured her. They stripped her naked, injured and disgraced her. Pastors, Imams, traditional priests have been implicated in other cases of witch persecution in OgunPlateauCross RiverSokoto, etc. Unfortunately, these pastors or imams, prophets or prophetesses, traditional priests or priestesses are seldom arrested or punished.

This trend must change if witch persecution and killing must stop in communities across the region. These godmen and women valorize witchcraft narratives and motivate witchcraft accusers to attack, torture and murder suspected witches. They enable and sanctify the injustice against alleged witches and therefore should not be allowed to go scot-free. Witch-hunting pastors and imams are accessories to the crime of witch persecution and murder. AFAW asks the police to take extra measures to combat witchcraft accusations, witch persecution, and killings. The police should rise to the occasion and ensure that witch imputing and witch finding pastors and imams pay for their crimes.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 10, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/2022/02/10/arrest-and-prosecute-witch-hunting-pastors-mallams-and-traditional-priests/.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Owo-Ogbo and Superstition-Based Abuses in Opodo, Rivers State

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 10, 2022

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: TBD

Words: 1,372

Keywords: Advocacy for Alleged Witches, Leo Igwe.

Owo-Ogbo and Superstition-Based Abuses in Opodo, Rivers State[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

Recently, an advocate in Rivers state drew the attention of the Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AfAW) to a post on the Facebook page of the Opobians Blog. The Opobians Blog publishes news and information for and from the Opobo communities. The post highlighted an incident of witch-hunting in Opoboland. It stated that an alleged witch had been caught in one of the communities. The post had a photo of about 9 men, one of them, the alleged wizard, was kneeling on the ground. The page also had a video and a comment in pidgin English. The person who made the post stated that an alleged wizard, who went to do some juju, was “caught” at Aaron Jaja. The post said that the accused had taken some “plenty oath”, apologized and promised not to indulge in those activities again. It stated that a local cultural group, called Owo-Ogbo handled the matter. I contacted the owner of the page for more information and an explanation of what transpired. He agreed to communicate only via Whatsapp. He explained that the alleged wizard was an elderly man from the Owujie compound. The youths caught him at Aaron Jaja compound. I inquired to know specifically what the man did. 

He said the elderly man was pouring some drink and making incantations. Some persons who saw him raised alarm. Then, some members of the Owo Ogbo came and administered an oath. As part of the oath, the accused pledged not to indulge in those actions again. I found the explanation unsatisfactory. It was not clear to me the infraction that the man committed. What was wrong with making incantations? How did an incantation translate into witchcraft? I inquired to know more about the incantations and the oath-taking, about the exact offense of the man but the Opobians blogger could not disclose any more information. Through another contact, I got in touch with the president of the Owo-Ogbo cultural group. He provided me with some background to the incident. The president told me that the Owo Ogbo cultural group was the ‘traditional police’ for the Kingdom of Opodo. That their role was to ensure law and order in the communities. He confirmed that the alleged wizard was caught in the “act” around 1 pm on March 12, 2021. At this time, many people had gone fishing. He was pouring some saltwater on the ground and making incantations. The president noted that saltwater had a lot of magical significance in the community because it “comes and goes”!

He further explained that any incantation made with some saltwater would come back to haunt and harm the individual or community. He linked the incantation with cases of death in the community. In a particular case, a young man in his 40s, who had a Ph.D., suddenly passed away. Some people suspected that someone in the community might be responsible; that someone must be using juju to kill other members. So when they caught this suspected wizard, they made him swear an oath. He promised to be of good behavior, and not to indulge in ‘witchcraft activities’. According to the president, from time to time, the group purges the community of evil, malevolent occult individuals. He recounted another incident that happened last year. Sometime in 2020, they noticed that many people were inflicted with elephantiasis. Look, elephantiasis is a parasitic infection that is caused by a filarial worm, not by juju or witchcraft. Unfortunately for the Owo-Ogbo and many Opobians, this is not the case. Now after some investigation by Owo-Ogbo members, they found out that someone in the community was using charms to cause elephantiasis in the community. They accosted the man, but he flatly denied it. The president said they took the man and two other suspects to a local shrine, known as Amakiri, where they made him take an oath. The man died weeks after taking the oath. After the death, people refused to bury in Opobo. I asked him what happened to the man’s corpse. And he said he did not know, that very likely the corpse was buried somewhere else outside Opobo or was thrown into the river. Thrown into the river? I kept wondering what could have led to the man’s death. Did somebody secretly murder him making it seem as if it was the oath that killed him? I was curious to know the details of the oath-taking, especially the content of the concoction that the man was given as part of the oath-taking. Was he given some poison in the name of oath-taking? I asked the president to tell me the content of the drink that was given to oath takers. But he said that it was a secret. I pressed to get him to disclose it to me. He later stated that they used some sand from the Amakiri shrine, or some sand from the foot of the suspect or the sand and leaf of the Ichite plant. They mixed these with some local gin. I asked him if that was all that they used to prepare the concoctions. He said that the rest was a secret that he would not disclose to me. I inquired from another member of the Opodo community and he said that sometimes they used some saltwater, human urine, or feces. I wondered if that was the secretive part of the oath-taking process that the president refused to divulge. 

A member of the Opobo community who advocates against witch persecution and other superstition-based abuses told me that he started questioning the oath-taking and witch finding process some years ago. That was in 2005/6. The incident took place at Fubara’s compound. According to this Opobian, somebody died, and on the day of the burial, those carrying the corpse suddenly hit the house of another member of the community. The owner of the house was accused of being responsible for the death. But the man said that he did not know anything about the death. Subsequently, he was forced to take an oath and was later banished from Opobo land. According to this Opobian, the belief was that if the man set foot on any Opobo community, he would die. After some years, the man returned to the community. Not too long after his return, some people accused him again. This time, the man did not wait to take the oath or to be banished. He fled the community. After some years, he came back to the community and remained there until his death. AfAW’s Opobian contact believes that people who are accused of engaging in witchcraft activities, of killing and causing diseases through occult means, are innocent. He pointed out that unlike in other communities, the victims of witch persecution in Opobo are predominantly men, adult males.

It is pertinent that all Opobians begin to question witchcraft beliefs and other narratives of causing misfortunes through occult means. As this piece has illustrated, superstitious notions can lead to egregious human rights buses. Opobians who object to witch-hunting and other harmful traditional practices should speak up and speak out against these misconceptions and related violations. Many Opobians should become advocates against witch persecution and other superstition-based abuses. They should start mobilizing and campaigning to stamp out these primitive and horrific rituals. Inhumane and abusive practices should not be condoned or tolerated in the name of culture or tradition. 

Oath-taking and traditional autopsy/carrying of corpses should be banned in Opobo communities and beyond. Case of diseases, accidents or deaths should be taken to health and police authorities, not to Owo-Ogbo. Owo-Ogbo is not a medical association and should not be allowed to manage health related issues or administer oaths to any suspects in the community. Members should not investigate the causes of death and diseases. The Owo-Ogbo society should desist from trying and punishing any suspects because they lack the expertise, diligence, and constitutional powers to do so. The group should work with the state police, not as the police in the community. Owo-Ogbo should focus on promoting and fostering humane and civilized aspects of Opobo culture and society. The government should take all necessary measures to eradicate oath-taking, witch persecution, and other harmful traditional practices in Opobo and the entire Rivers State.

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Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 10, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/2022/02/10/owo-ogbo-and-superstition-based-abuses-in-opodo-rivers-state/.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Two Years of Advocacy Against Witch Persecution in Africa

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 10, 2022

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: TBD

Words: 1,632

Keywords: Advocacy for Alleged Witches, Leo Igwe.

Two Years of Advocacy Against Witch Persecution in Africa[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

Two years ago, the Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AfAW) campaign was launched. This initiative was put in place to tackle witchcraft accusations and witch persecution in Africa. Campaign against witch-hunting in the region had too many missing links. AfAW was founded to supply these links, and yes to try and right the wrongs of witch-hunting in Africa. I had objections to how the issue of witchcraft accusations in Africa had been explained and addressed. Over the years misrepresentation of African witchcraft has yielded a mistaken approach to the problem. I was deeply disappointed by the lackluster take on various abuses linked to witch persecution in the region. I believed and still believe that Africa deserves better; the continent needs a more robust and effective campaign against witch persecution.

I had serious doubts and objections to how mainly western anthropologists explained African witchcraft because the explanation was one-sided. The explanation otherized Africa and Africans. The anthropology of witchcraft created a stereotypic image of Africa. In an attempt to make sense of the continued manifestation of witchcraft accusations in the region, western scholars advanced the notion that witchcraft belief was useful to Africans; that witchcraft accusations served domestic purposes and fulfilled social stabilizing functions. Since the times of Evans-Pritchard, generations of western scholars and their African allies have jostled to out-explain one another on how witchcraft accusations benefit Africa. They made witchcraft the gatekeeping concept, a frame to study, examine and understand ancient and modern Africa, pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial Africa. Witchcraft accusation has been designated and presented as a mechanism that African societies need to function. Really?

Unfortunately, in explaining African witchcraft, scholars have mainly focused on the accusers and witch hunters, ignoring the accused and the witch-hunted. They have explained African witchcraft based on what those who entertain occult fears and anxieties say and do, overlooking how accused persons respond and react. Scholars have overlooked the destructive, disruptive, and destabilizing impact of witchcraft accusations and witch persecution. The seemingly useful portrayal of African witchcraft has made it difficult to treat the wild phenomenon of witchcraft allegation with the urgency that it deserves. Witch hunters are seen as `social and community service providers, not as lawbreakers and criminals. 

This mis/understanding of African witchcraft has made it challenging to rally the UN and other international agencies against abuses linked to witchcraft beliefs. By the way the UN has recently passes a resolution against abuses linked to witchcraft beliefs. But it is left to be seen how this resolution would be translated into concrete actions. Many organizations are reluctant to tackle witch persecution headlong. They are concerned that they could be accused of racism or colonialism. So to avoid being labeled racist or colonialist, agencies fail to do the needful; they equivocate and paper over the problem. International NGOs have refused to call witchcraft and witch-hunting by their names. But the whole blame cannot solely be placed on western anthropologists, the UN, and other international agencies.

The attitudes of Africans have not helped matters. Many Africans have appropriated and internalized this misconceived and stereotypic notion. They conflate being African and believing in witchcraft, identity politics, and witchcraft politics as if both are inextricably linked. Look, they are not. Witch-hunting feature -and have featured- in other non-African cultures.

If other societies did not tie witchcraft belief to their identity, why should Africans do so?

Although many Africans are socialized to believe in witchcraft and the supernatural world, there are Africans who do not subscribe to these superstitious formations. If there is anything that needs to be decoupled and disentangled in discourses on Africa, it is witchcraft belief and African identity because the conflation of these beliefs and African identity has made it extremely hard to mobilize Africans against witch persecution in the region.

So the continent of Africa needs more effective and robust efforts to correct the pervasive misconceptions and eradicate witch persecution. Witch-hunting in Africa needs to be tackled with a sense of urgency and pragmatism. Campaign against witch persecution and witch-hunting needs a change in strategy and approach. AfAW was founded to fill in this gap and to fulfill this crucial need.

In 2020, AfAW outlined a decade of activism to guide this campaign initiative to realize a critical mass of advocates in all African countries. AfAW aims to make witch-hunting history by 2030. This goal has elicited mixed reactions. Some people have dismissed it as unrealistic. For them, Africans are so hardwired to witchcraft accusations and witch persecution that ten years are not enough to weaken the grip of this belief in the minds of the people. So they claim that a decade does not suffice to get Africans to abandon this entrenched superstition.

But others have welcomed the development. British biologist, Richard Dawkins, tweeted that we should not wait until 2030 to end witch hunting in Africa; that witch persecution should end immediately. Simply put, ending witch-hunting in Africa is long overdue. And at AfAW we agree with this sentiment. We are guided by this vision. We are inspired and motivated by the move to make witch-hunting history. At AfAW, we are excited that witch-hunting in Africa has been given an expiration date; that witch persecution would, at last, get the attention it deserves locally and internationally. To this end, AfAW has, in the past two years, worked and campaigned to educate and enlighten the people. Social media have been used to track cases of accusation, and to educate and enlighten witchcraft believers and accusers. AfAW has used various channels to get Africans to understand that the misfortunes which they experience have no connection with witchcraft or magic; that alleged witches are innocent. In this campaign, AfAW has prioritized the safety, humanity, and human rights of the accused because witchcraft accusation remains a form of death sentence in many communities.

In the past two years, AfAW has supported victims of witch persecution in Nigeria and beyond. It has provided material and financial support wherever and whenever they could. The group has supported the relocation of victims in Imo, Cross River, and Abia states in Nigeria. AfAW has defrayed the costs of medical treatment of some victims in Cross River, Adamawa, and Plateau states in Nigeria. The group has sponsored the education of child witch victims in Ogun and Plateau states. AfAW’s advocacy work is not limited to Nigeria. The group has intervened in cases of witch persecution in other African countries.

AfAW has supported the schooling of a girl child accused and subsequently expelled from her school in Liberia. AfAW has responded in solidarity with victims of witch persecution in Ghana, Malawi, Kenya, South Africa, the Central African Republic, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. AfAW has drawn the attention of police and other state authorities to the plight of victims in these countries. In Ndola, Zambia, where the police closed down a church that was used as a hospital, AfAW called to commend the police. Witch persecution is often linked to the activities of pastors. AfAW phoned and messaged the police in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi urging them to take action against witch hunters. AfAW petitioned the chief justice of Nigeria and Adamawa, Oyo, and Abuja to call witch-hunting judges and magistrates to order. Petitions were sent to the president of Liberia, Malawi, Ghana, and Kenya asking them to take measures to end witch persecution. So in cases where authorities failed in their duties, AfAW called them out and pressured them to fulfill their constitutional duties. And the months and years ahead, this pressuring will continue.

AfAW has commenced grassroots programs to reorient the minds of witchcraft believers and accusers. Witch persecution persists because many people believe that witchcraft is a crime. Abuses linked to witchcraft beliefs would not stop until a critical mass of Africans in rural and urban communities realize that witchcraft is a form of superstition. Advocacy visits have been organized in Imo state in southern Nigeria. A team of advocates leads these visits to the communities. The advocates engage the community leaders; they try to identify, understand and engage drivers of abuses linked to witchcraft beliefs. There are plans to extend the community outreach to other parts of southern and northern Nigeria and beyond. While AfAW has made significant progress in the past two years, challenges remain. Many cases of witch persecution go unnoticed or the information comes too little too late. For instance, it took months before the information about a young man accused of witchcraft and subsequently thrown into a river in Ezza North in Ebonyi state got to AfAW. In Adamawa, Plateau, Abia, Imo, and Cross River states, there have been instances where the police enabled miscarriage of justice. They have been reluctant to investigate abuses linked to witchcraft accusations. Court processes have been marked by delays and postponement of hearing dates in Cross River, Delta, Adamawa, and Abia states. In many cases, the delay in the proceeding has frustrated alleged witches and caused families or relatives to lose interest in pursuing justice. Despite these challenges, AfAW has recorded significant gains and progress. And the progress will continue!

AfAW could not have accomplished all these in a very short time without the active involvement of volunteers across Africa and beyond. Many of these volunteers have drawn the attention of AfAW instances of witchcraft accusations and witch persecution. At a time when the COVID-19 made it difficult to travel even if there were funds, some volunteers have provided free legal and humanitarian services or helped deliver petitions to police stations and other local authorities. AfAW is grateful to its numerous supporters and activists; to its international partners, Humanists International, Hilfe für Hexenjagdflüchtlinge Germany, Association of Black Humanists, Basic Rights Counsel Initiative, Witches of Scotland as it looks forward to more years of activism against witch persecution in Africa.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 10, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/2022/02/10/two-years-of-advocacy-against-witch-persecution-in-africa/.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on the Electronic Mail Forum: Administrator, Glia Society (5)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 29.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (24)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 8, 2022

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 3,168

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Paul Cooijmans is an Independent Psychometitor and Administrator of the Glia Society, and Administrator of the Giga Society. He discusses: the themes within the Glia Society’s electronic mail forum; words, topics, and writing styles seem less frequent in the electronic mail forum than if the cognitive rarity was much lower; communication; “rudeness” “forbidden” from the Glia Society’s electronic mail forum; “personal attacks” “forbidden” from the Glia Society’s electronic mail forum; the perspective of a long-term administrator of a high-IQ society; “no taboo topics” existing and “absolute freedom of speech” as a value; a high-IQ society’s intellectual ‘atmosphere’; punishing “missbehavers”; temporarily removed from the electronic mail forum; permanently removed from the electronic mail forum; subject lines; contributors or participants try to hide their identities; a common confusion or mistake; the motivations for some members ‘repeating their point’ ad nauseam; rule ignored by the Glia Society electronic mail forum participants; challenging “the rules of the forum on the forum itself”; kind remarks; and the successes and failures of the Glia Society electronic mail forum.

Keywords: absolute freedom of speech, electronic mail forum, fora, Glia Society, Paul Cooijmans.

Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on the Electronic Mail Forum: Administrator, Glia Society (5)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: We’re back. My fault for the delay – apology. To continue from Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Introduction to the Glia Society: Administrator, Glia Society (1),” “Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Censorship, Freedom of Speech, High-IQ Societies, Moles and Wolves, Cultural Marxism, and “Thoth”: Administrator, Glia Society (2),” “Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Community Dynamics, Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Tests, and Qualification: Administrator, Glia Society (3),” and “Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Glia Society, Games, Tests, Puzzles, Thoth, Policy, and Absolute Freedom of Speech: Administrator, Glia Society (4),” on the Glia Society, you have electronic mail forum rules. This may be tedious (bear with me, please and thank you), as an educational effort. It is “open only to the society’s members” (n.d.). What have been the themes within the Glia Society’s electronic mail forum amongst the member-only forum? 

Paul Cooijmans[1],[2]*: So this is about electronic mail forum, not the several other fora that exist nowadays on various “social media”. I first want to say that most of the communication now takes place on those other fora, and the electronic mail forum is not very active. Messages to it are often announcements of new tests, contests around tests or puzzles, or events of some kind. I also announce the society’s journal issues on this forum.

Jacobsen: With the cognitive rarity of the Glia Society, what words, topics, and writing styles seem less frequent in the electronic mail forum than if the cognitive rarity was much lower?

Cooijmans: Football (soccer) is the first that occurs to me regarding this question, and also the use of so-called four-letter words (if they read this, some may at once want to start using exactly those words and that topic to “disprove” me, but that does not count). Having said that, I remember that a Netherlandic member of another society, with a pass level at the 98th centile, used to say that “football, booze, and women” were his main interests. This person died some years ago. He is the one who robbed a casino in the 1990s, I may have mentioned that before here or there.

Jacobsen: How frequent is communication on the Glia Society’s electronic mail forum?

Cooijmans: Lately there have been six messages a month on average.

Jacobsen: Why is “rudeness” “forbidden” from the Glia Society’s electronic mail forum (Ibid.)?

Cooijmans: Because people of higher quality do not seem to like rudeness and will leave a forum if rudeness is frequently employed. What remains is the scum. The forum turns into a gutter. Instructive in this respect is that one of the rude members once asked, “Why do you not form two fora, one with very strict rules for the boring civilized people, and one without rules, for the rest of us?” Of course this idea was highly mistaken, as civilized forum participants do not require rules at all; they behave well by themselves. It is the rude ones that need rules, and need enforcement thereof because they are always breaking them, if only on purpose to provoke their removal. So, strict rules would only be needed on the second forum variant.

Jacobsen: Why are “personal attacks” “forbidden” from the Glia Society’s electronic mail forum (Ibid.)?

Cooijmans: Basically the same answer as to the previous question applies. Also, “argumentum ad hominem” is a notorious logical fallacy, and so persistent that it is no luxury to address it formally in forum rules.

Jacobsen: From the perspective of a long-term administrator of a high-IQ society, what happens in fora when “lies, insults, putting words into another’s mouth, slander, character assassination, crime, or any other type of misbehaviour” (Ibid.) are present or excused?

Cooijmans: Exactly as said a few questions ago: The people of higher quality leave, and the scum remains. The forum becomes a gutter. Once, a past forum moderator of the Glia Society abandoned a forum completely for that reason and started another one, and again later he even deleted an entire forum without prior notice. For clarity, fora in the society have almost always been started and administrated by members other than I myself. I am somewhat of a late adopter of new technology, I still do not have a mobile “smart telephone” for instance, or even a flat-screen television apparatus.

Jacobsen: With “no taboo topics” existing and “absolute freedom of speech” as a value, what have been the reactions to controversial subject matter in the fora?

Cooijmans: Not much, as members do not make a lot of use of their freedom in this regard, in my perception. In an earlier interview I already mentioned a discussion that arose after a member published in the journal Thoth material that some saw as portraying “violence against women”, so I will not repeat that here. Lately some slight controversy occurred around members showing self-made test items, waiting for people to send answers, and then making known the solution. A problem is that such items may resemble actual test items, and that thus existing tests may be made easier to solve. This is an annoying matter that keeps coming back, and it is disappointing that some people lack the discretion to sense that their material may be damaging existing tests. If you forbid such publishing of self-made items completely, this seems like a hard and rigid measure to some; but if you allow it, others complain that you are too soft and are letting them destroy your work before your eyes.

What makes it worse is that if you even mention that such material may help candidates to solve tests, this in itself will draw people’s attention to those forum threads and they will study them to gain an advantage. I fear that matters like this will remain a recurring theme in my life; I am so naive, so the opposite of paranoid, that I tend to realize only years or decades afterwards that people have been fooling around with me at some point.

Jacobsen: How does the existence of “no taboo topics” and “absolute freedom of speech” enrich a high-IQ society’s intellectual ‘atmosphere’ (Ibid.)?

Cooijmans: I must say I have always been amazed how little appreciation people have for their freedom. It seems many do not care much about the limited freedom of speech in society in general. So for those, this freedom does not enrich the atmosphere in an I.Q. society a whole lot. I reckon part of this is that intellectuals are relatively often cultural Marxists, and thus are at “the other side” when it comes to freedom; they are themselves the curtailers of it.

Another problem is that there are traitors within the high-I.Q. community who may bring any sensitive uttering of a member to the outer world in hours, despite the prohibition to do such. So sadly, I can not guarantee the safety of anyone making use of one’s freedom of speech. And this is not paranoia; it has happened once or twice that a non-member was discussed in a members-only forum and that this individual contacted me soon thereafter, fully aware of what had been said. I have never found out who did this; these cowards hide in ambush and commit their treason in silence. It is important for them to know that I desire their demises to be slow and painful, and that I entertain a diverse collection of objects both blunt and sharp to this end.

Jacobsen: Why is punishing “missbehavers” important alongside “no taboo topics” and “absolute freedom of speech” (Ibid.)?

Cooijmans: Again, an important reason is that good people will leave if bad people are allowed to have their way unpunished, and then you are left with an all-bad group. This is always a risk for a naive, good-natured person like I am. If you are kind to the bad, you are cruel to the good. Softness on crime is cruel, death penalty the epitome of humaneness.

An early illustration of this phenomenon took place in my primary school days, when there were periods when only the naughtiest boy of the village wanted to play with me and all other children avoided me because of the company I was in; a company that I tolerated in my naivety and kindness, which were of course taken advantage of by this person. I remember that the teacher, in such a period, once stated in class, “They that touch pitch will be defiled”, looking at me. These periods were interrupted when this boy was away, interned in some special school or youth prison; this was actually the case most of the time.

Jacobsen: How many Glia Society members have been temporarily removed from the electronic mail forum?

Cooijmans: I have not kept count, also because the forum was often administrated by others than I so I did not know about the removals, but I suspect it is in the order of five to ten.

Jacobsen: How many Glia Society members have been permanently removed from the electronic mail forum?

Cooijmans: See the previous answer; I am certain it is less than five.

Jacobsen: You give the reasoning for the rule of only quoting the passage(s) for response and no more.[3] On new topics, Glia Society members should “change the subject line to reflect the new topic” (Ibid.). What confusions happen when subject lines are not changed for a new topic introduction?

Cooijmans: Well, obviously the subject line does not reflect the contents of the message then, and recipients can not decide whether or not to read the message based on its subject line, and are thus forced to potentially waste time by opening it.

Jacobsen: You stated, “It must be possible to identify you from your entry in the member list of the forum. If you use a non-telling e-mail address while withholding your name, you must put your name under every message sent to the forum so that other members know who you are, and also see to it that the non-telling address is mentioned in your member information for the official Glia Society member list (that is, in the information you enter in the Registration form).” (Ibid.) How often do forum contributors or participants try to hide their identities?

Cooijmans: Too often. There are always one or two such cases current, and it is surprisingly hard to make them understand what they are doing wrong. When such a person is contacted and alerted to the fact that the person can not be identified as a member, the response is almost invariably like, “Oh, but you know me! I am [this or that person]”. And then they act as if the problem is solved. But it is not, because all other members can still not identify the person by comparing the person’s forum name to the member list. One then one has to painstakingly explain that either the member list entry or the forum name will need to be adapted to make them match and identification possible; bizarrely, this fails in almost all cases. These people appear unable to understand that privately telling one person who they are does not help others to know who they are. They can not understand that not everyone knows magically to which identity their non-telling forum name corresponds. They can not “curl back on themselves”, can not understand self-reference, have no associative horizon of significance. In fact I do not remember one single case where the person indeed adapted either forum name or member list entry. Such people are then either removed from the forum or the case lingers on for some more time with only the forum inspector privately knowing who they are.

A related problem is that of people registering with the candidate registration form to take a test and then later submitting answers anonymously or under another name. When I then ask them to state who they are so that I can identify them against the earlier test registration entry, they tend to be surprised: “But I already submitted the registration form! You already have my information!?” They can not understand that without also stating their identity when sending answers it is not possible to CONNECT them to the earlier information, which is why all tests, in the instructions section, explicitly and emphatically ask to provide name, age, sex, and electronic mail address when submitting answers. Especially age is often left out, in about half of the submissions. People think that providing their date of birth one time suffices, and do not comprehend that mentioning their age with every submission helps to identify them AGAINST the already registered information.

I learnt these things the hard way; in the old days, it would happen that a test was taken by, say for example, a Miranda de la Hoya. Later on, a candidate named Vera Cardinal took the test. Again later, Miranda Cardinal gave it a shot. Then, Veracruz de la Jolla showed up. Finally, years later, Miranda Veracruz de la Jolla Cardinal came along and the four entries could be fused. Thus, they create multiple entries in the database and trick you into retests. That is why it is needed to identify oneself with every test submission against the existing registration; to prevent multiple entries and retests. Very occasionally, I still find such entries and fuse them.

Of course, sometimes one can guess who the anonymous or pseudonymous person is; but it is tricky to rely on the accuracy of such a guess because a painful violation of the third person’s privacy is the result in case one’s guess is off: Ah, John Smith from South-East Utopia, is it not? Good to hear from you again! How are the haemorrhoids doing? And do you still have that little hooker in the freezer you brutally slaughtered last year?

Imagine how the privacy of poor John would be violated if the anonymous person turned out to be someone else after all!

Incidentally, the two names I just gave are fictitious examples. There is absolutely no need to go looking for them.

Jacobsen: You stated, “If you have a private question to a particular person, ask it in a private message to that person, not in a message to the forum.” (Ibid.) Is this a common confusion or mistake by forum contributors or participants?

Cooijmans: In my perception it is still relatively common, like a few times per year. This mistake originates in the early days of electronic mail fora, over twenty years ago, but has not gone away.

Jacobsen: What seem like the motivations for some members ‘repeating their point’ ad nauseam other than “having the last word,” if any? (Ibid.)

Cooijmans: Stubbornness, and the phenomenon of “seizing the moral high ground” and thus granting oneself the right to reprove the other party without ethical or social constraints. These people think, “I am right and the other party is so wrong that anything is allowed and I do not need to be reasonable, ethical, or provide rational arguments”.

Jacobsen: On objective truth and subjective statements, you comprehensively and clearly state:

Words like “truth” and “true” are reserved for information that is objective, factual, proven, absolute, independent of individual perception. Truth is by definition that which does not differ between individuals. For information that is subjective, opinionative, suspected, relative, dependent on individual perception, use words like “opinion”, “view”, or “perception”. For instance, do not say “One person’s truth is not the same as another person’s truth”, or “Truth is subjective”; such rhetorical contradictions in terms erode the word “truth” and confuse meanings of words. Instead, say “One person’s opinion is not the same as another person’s opinion”, or “Truth does not exist; only personal views exist”. This rule in no way curtails what can be said; it merely forces one to think and formulate clearly and consistently, and as such it helps to see possible errors in one’s thinking. Also note that who makes the claim of “Truth does not exist” (or anything equivalent to it) therewith disclaims one’s right to state that anything is or is not true, or to make any assertion at all, as such would constitute self-contradiction. (Ibid.)

How often is this rule ignored by the Glia Society electronic mail forum participants?

Cooijmans: Rarely any more. The quality of the participants has risen considerably over the years, and in my view this is a result of (1) sanctions against misbehavers, (2) a sound admission policy with ongoing attention to the functioning of the accepted tests, and (3) the influx of younger generations of members, who appear less affected by neo-Marxist doctrines like “truth does not exist” and “the effect of communication is more important than whether or not the communicated is true”. The last factor (3) may have to do with growing up with the Internet and therefore being exposed to information other than that from the educational system and the mainstream media, both of which are under stringent Marxist control.

Jacobsen: On challenging “the rules of the forum on the forum itself,” has this happened, too? (Ibid.) If so, how often?

Cooijmans: In the past this happened a lot, and that was the reason to instate this rule. Ever since, it has occurred hardly ever.

Jacobsen: You have some “remarks,” too, as follows:

In case one does not wholeheartedly agree with and applaud these rules, one is free to leave the forum and choose other ways of communicating with members; please do that rather than to challenge the rules of this forum;

For further study into civilized forum behaviour, see the excellent and highly recommendable free course “How to participate in an e-mail forum”;

For deeper discussion of a specific topic, general fora like the present one are not ideal, and one is free to start a thematic discussion or activity group devoted to that topic, for which some guidelines are in the relevant document in the members-only web location, in the section “Courses, self-study materials, instructional materials”. (Ibid.)

As usual from you, the remarks are reasonable. What have been the disagreements with the kind remarks if any?

Cooijmans: I do not remember any disagreements with this.

Jacobsen: Finally, what have been the successes and failures of the Glia Society electronic mail forum?

Cooijmans: Successes: In some periods, it has served as a medium for discussion between members, and it has always been useful for announcements. Failures: Because of the tendency of negative behaviour to rise to the surface in an “easy” medium such as electronic mail (like scum floating on water) combined with the tendency of good people to withdraw in the presence of negativity, the atmosphere in the forum has sometimes scared off new members. A tragic example of this occurred when a new member once introduced herself, and one of the forum trolls replied something like, “This forum is dead, [name of new member]. Go away”. The new member was never heard of again. I have to admit, you can make rules against misbehaviour until you weigh an ounce, but there is no way to prevent one hundred percent deliberate sabotage like that.

References

Cooijmans, P. (n.d.). The Glia Society: Electronic mail forum rules. Retrieved from https://gliasociety.org/forum_rules.html.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Administrator, Giga Society; Administrator, Glia Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 8, 2022: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-4; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

[3] “The Glia Society: Electronic mail forum rules” states:

When replying to a message, quote only the passage or passages you are responding to and delete the rest, otherwise the full original message (and anything anyone adds to it) is repeated in all subsequent responses, causing unneeded use of bandwidth and energy, exhaust of harmful gasses into the atmosphere, and annoyance, and resulting in the freight-train-length messages consisting for 99.9 % of layers upon layers of quotations of quotations of quotations of… which we all hate so much. Especially, do not leave in an entire previous message that in itself contains one or more quotations. The latter specification of this rule can in no case be evaded with the defence “I was responding to the entire message”, as that would render this obviously necessary rule powerless.

See Cooijmans (n.d.).

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on the Electronic Mail Forum: Administrator, Glia Society (5) [Online]. February 2022; 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-5.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, February 8). Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on the Electronic Mail Forum: Administrator, Glia Society (5). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-5.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on the Electronic Mail Forum: Administrator, Glia Society (5). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A, February. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-5>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2022. Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on the Electronic Mail Forum: Administrator, Glia Society (5).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-5.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on the Electronic Mail Forum: Administrator, Glia Society (5).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A (February 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-5.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on the Electronic Mail Forum: Administrator, Glia Society (5)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-5>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on the Electronic Mail Forum: Administrator, Glia Society (5)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-5.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on the Electronic Mail Forum: Administrator, Glia Society (5).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 29.A (2022): February. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-5>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on the Electronic Mail Forum: Administrator, Glia Society (5) [Internet]. (2022, February 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-5.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Dr. Katherine Bullock on Hate, Bill C-21, Hindutva and Coptic Groups, the Nones, and Bigotry: Past Chair, Islamic Society of North America-Canada (ISNA-Canada); Lecturer, Political Science, University of Toronto at Mississauga (4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 29.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (24)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 8, 2022

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,089

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

 

Katherine Bullock is a TV host for Sound Vision Foundation’s Canadian Muslim News and Director of Special Programs. She is also a Lecturer in the Department of Political Science, University of Toronto at Mississauga. Her teaching focus is political Islam from a global perspective, and her research focuses on Muslims in Canada, their history, contemporary lived experiences, political and civic engagement, debates on the veil, media representations of Islam and Muslims, and Muslim perspectives on Basic Income. She is currently President of Compass Books, dedicated to publishing top-quality books about Islam and Muslims in English. Her own books include: Muslim Women Activists in North America: Speaking for Ourselves, and Rethinking Muslim Women and the Veil: Challenging Historical and Modern Stereotypes which has been translated into Arabic, French, Malayalam, and Turkish. Her latest research was published by the Yaqeen Institute and is a study of zakat in Canada. She is past President of the Tessellate Institute and the Islamic Society of North America, Canada. Originally from Australia, she lives in Oakville, Canada, with her husband and children. She embraced Islam in 1994. She discusses: hate; discrimination; the levels of Muslim community dialogue regarding Bill C21; Hindutva groups; Coptic groups; rallies and demonstrations; the relationships between Indigenous communities and Muslim communities; the most common scriptural interpretations used to justify “genital mutilation, honour killings, or being confined to the home”; the most common justifications for the notion of ‘Islam oppresses women’; Canadian Muslim women subject to the same issues of anorexia and dangerous cosmetic surgery as Canadian non-Muslim women; the different types of Muslim religious schools in Canada; an interbelief day conference via Zoom; the demographics of denominations of Islam in Canada; international politics; the practical reform needed for removal of racial profiling, excessive force, innocent Muslims being killed, and other suffering internationally within the general faith community; the form of anti-black racism by some Muslims; the Canadian government; and forms of bigotry.

Keywords: anti-Muslim racism, Canadian, Coptic, Hindutva, Islam, Katherine Bullock, Muslims, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Uyghurs.

Conversation with Dr. Katherine Bullock on Hate, Bill C-21, Hindutva and Coptic Groups, the Nones, and Bigotry: Past Chair, Islamic Society of North America-Canada (ISNA-Canada); Lecturer, Political Science, University of Toronto at Mississauga (4)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: How is hate defined regarding anti-Muslim racism?

Dr. Katherine Bullock[1],[2]: Anti-Muslim racism is a form of tribalism, in whatever society it appears. It turns Muslims into an Other that is Outcast from the tribe, by virtue of Muslims’ alleged negative attributes such violence and oppression of women. Muslims are hated for being this Negative Other.

Jacobsen: How is discrimination defined regarding anti-Muslim racism?

Bullock: Similar to what I wrote above, if Muslims are Outcasts then they do not have the same rights (or responsibilities) as the Ingroup, and are treated differently – discriminated against.

Jacobsen: What were the levels of Muslim community dialogue regarding Bill C21?

Bullock: Muslims are still discussing, rallying and organising against Bill C21, especially with the latest development whereby a Muslim teacher was “reassigned” to a different job for wearing a headscarf. BillC21 turns religious minorities into second class citizens in Canada. The National Council of Canadian Muslims (NCCM) is part of a legal challenge to that Bill and is fundraising to pay for the challenge. We are all grateful to Brampton Mayor, Patrick Brown, and other mayors across Canada who have committed funds towards the legal challenge as well.

Jacobsen: How are Hindutva groups engaged in this hate and discrimination?

Bullock: Hindutva groups in India are calling for India to treat its Muslims the same way China is committing genocide against the Uyghur. In Canada, the Hindutva groups organise rallies and lobbying against mosques, prayer in schools, and fair representation in textbooks.

Jacobsen: How are Coptic groups engaged in this hate and discrimination?

Bullock: I begin by acknowledging that Copts in countries like Egypt can suffer from hate and discrimination perpetuated by some Muslims. If we are going to oppose hate and discrimination here against Muslims, we have to have consistent principles and oppose it everywhere. Some Copts here are part of interfaith groups working for diversity and inclusion, while others are part of the hate groups, such as the Hindutva described above.

Jacobsen: With these rallies and demonstrations, of Hindutva and Coptic groups, and with the claims by Prime Minister Trudeau of Canada as the first post-national state, do Muslim communities in Canada see this as a longer road or a shorter road to fairer treatment of Canadian Muslims and Muslims in Canada?

Bullock: While I have never done any empirical research with Muslims asking for their feedback about this statement of Trudeau, my sense is that Muslims would see this as a shorter road to fairer treatment. Many times in my interviews, when I ask about their perspectives on “being Muslim” and “being Canadian,” I am struck by how often they praise and admire Canada’s official multiculturalism. Some older immigrants told me that policy was the reason they chose to emigrate to Canada. Some younger Muslims say when they experience racism “that person isn’t being a very good Canadian.”

Jacobsen: How are the relationships between Indigenous communities and Muslim communities?

Bullock: The relationship between Muslims and Indigenous communities is very good. While a lot of Muslims haven’t paid attention to the ongoing legacies of colonial injustices to First Nations, and we could say a relationship is non-existent, others have recognised the similarities in colonial experiences and current discriminatory treatment in media representation, policing and systemic racism. There are dialogue and support efforts all over Canada.

Jacobsen: What are the most common scriptural interpretations used to justify “genital mutilation, honour killings, or being confined to the home”?

Bullock: We can’t easily discuss these three things in the same paragraph. The most important part to understand is that these are social customary practices with little root in “scriptural interpretation.” There is no scriptural basis for genital mutilation or honor killing, these are things Christians, animists, Muslims, and others do across the world. Female genital cutting appears to have existed at the time of the Pharaohs, and in Europe and the United States, clitoridectomy was practised as late as the 1950s to treat hysteria and epilepsy. Some Muslim proponents of clitoridectomy, which is the least mutilating form, find sayings they attribute to Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, in support of the practice. But this is more like searching for a justification for something you already want to do, rather than the other way around. The same goes for the pressures confining some women to the home – there is one verse in the Qur’an used to justify it, but it is a pre-existent practice that has roots in Ancient Greece, India, and Persia. [https://www.unfpa.org/resources/female-genital-mutilation-fgm-frequently-asked-questions]

Jacobsen: What are the most common justifications for the notion of ‘Islam oppresses women’?

Bullock: People look around the world and see Muslim majority societies that don’t give identical rights to men and women, indeed, give women less rights than men: eg right to work, to vote, to drive, to marry with consent, to divorce at will, to have child custody rights, to education, to go out heads uncovered. It’s a long and sorry list. They attribute these inequalities to “Islam,” rather than historical customs.

Jacobsen: For Canadian Muslim women who were born and grew up in Canada, as with non-Muslim women suffering from notions of beauty leading to “anorexia and dangerous cosmetic surgery,” how are these Canadian Muslim women subject to the same issues of anorexia and dangerous cosmetic surgery as Canadian non-Muslim women?

Bullock: Anyone who lives in this society is subject to the same pressures to be thin and beautiful created by consumer capitalism. It is all around, in advertising, in films, and now in the pressures of social media – the “like” counts on Tiktok, Instagram, or Youtube.

Jacobsen: What are the different types of Muslim religious schools in Canada? What ones are actual? What ones are proposed? What ones are entirely the fabrication of anti-Muslim bigots?

Bullock: Muslim religious schools in Canada are of two types: the first, and the most numerous, are those that are registered as private schools, they must confirm to the curriculum guidelines of the province they are in. They offer the standard provincial curriculum and add Arabic and Islamic Studies. The second, and least numerous, are those that offer a focus on memorising the Qur’an, which is an intense programme. As far as I know they offer secular subjects, but they take up less of the regular school day, at least while the student is memorising the Qur’an. Muslim religious schools teach Muslims to be good Muslims and good Canadian citizens. The bigots fabricate the notion that such schools teach hatred of the West.

Jacobsen: If offered to take part in an interbelief day conference via Zoom, would you provide a presentation and take part in a panel to discuss some of these issues?

Bullock: Absolutely, if I am available during the time allotted.

Jacobsen: What are the demographics of denominations of Islam in Canada to clarify and to denude this myth of Islam as a bloc religion? Every community goes through this to some degree, but the Nones and Muslims go through this to a spectacular degree in this country in spite of the sophistication of much of the discourse in the country.

Bullock: Breaking demographic data down to the sectarian denomination is difficult in Canada, since survey questions don’t always ask such specifics.

The most recent summary I have seen, from 2019, pulled together different data sets, and concluded that 64% of Canadian Muslims identified at Sunni, 8% Shia, 10% Other, such as Ismaili or Ahmadi, and 18% had chosen not to identify with any of these.

[Sarah Shah, Canadian Muslims: Demographics, Discrimination, Religiosity, and Voting, Institute of Islamic Studies Occasional Paper Series, 2019, https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/96775]

Jacobsen: In international politics, there are cases considered religious issues. I see this semi-universally in secular communities. I say this as an independent journalistic analysis and as an independent freethinker. I take part in these communities as an individual and reserve the right, and privilege, to disagree and leave at any time or point of intellectual or moral divergence, as I have done in the past to professional detriment, but moral correctness (from my vantage at the time). One of the most prominent and longstanding is the issue of Israel-Palestine.[3] Some might posit this as a purely religious issue with one religion fighting against another. Yet, on the ground, and in expert analysis, this isn’t the case. It can be part of the confluence of factors, though. How are issues of international politics from an ignorant perspective impacting Muslim communities in Canada, where views about a sociopolitical and human rights become blanketed as religious in nature – thus, feeding back into general prejudices back here, in Canada? You see the point.

Bullock: You raise an excellent and important point. Much of what goes on in international politics is based in tribalism or nationalism. Control over land and resources is usually the key. Religion can get wrapped up into the discursive justifications leaders give for why they want to do what they do. It is not only religion, witness the US wars in the name of freedom or democracy, which is really about control over land and resources, such as oil and minerals. Revenge is often part of it. The USA went to war in Afghanistan to oust the Soviets partly in revenge for “losing” Vietnam. Muslim terrorists most commonly cite political factors behind their revenge violence, such as getting back at the West for the West’s domination and atrocities in the Muslim world. To people ignorant of Western foreign policies’ brutalities, of Islamic history and law, and of the importance of power politics, all of this is simplified and morphed into “Islam” simple, which then causes the negative stereotypes and the Outcasting that we discussed in the beginning of this post.

Jacobsen: What would be the practical reform needed for removal of racial profiling, excessive force, innocent Muslims being killed, and other suffering internationally within the general faith community, e.g., Uyghurs, Rohingya, Kashmiris, and Palestinians? I mean practical reforms within Canada to ameliorate some of these issues.

Bullock: Canada needs to put its money where its mouth is as far as standing up for human rights worldwide. Boycotts, sanctions, diplomatic pressure are among the tools available. To address these human rights crimes inside its borders, Canada can pass legislation that refuses trade if the product is made from forced Uyghur labour. More policy recommendations are available here: https://www.justiceforallcanada.org/

Jacobsen: What is the form of anti-black racism by some Muslims? How is this more a reflection of larger racist and anti-black movements and perspectives within Canadian society impacting Muslim communities?

Bullock: Anti-black racism has an unfortunately long history in the Muslim world. The Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, spoke out against it. It is a scourge not yet overcome. For Muslims in Canada who are anti-black, Canadian anti-black racism would just be overlapping and reinforcing what pre-exists in Muslim social history.

Jacobsen: What has the Canadian government done well vis-à-vis combatting anti-Semitism, anti-Catholic prejudice, and anti-Muslim bigotry? These ones have seen the increases in hate crimes statistics. If the Nones in Canada are anything like the Nones in America, then enormous prejudice and bigotry, and discrimination, happen to them too. Nones here defined as atheists, agnostics, and nothing in particulars.

Bullock: Whenever a government acknowledges racism, discrimination, or bigotry against any group, it is doing well. At least that is better than ignoring or denying, like the Quebec government keeps doing in claiming there is no anti-Muslim racism in Quebec. The first step to fix a problem is to be aware of it. Organising Parliamentary committee hearings, National Summits, self-education and being able to address such topics in the media are important first steps. But policy must follow talk. There are many who are still skeptical that governments do little but talk and photo-ops at mosques. Again, many Muslims are impressed with Brampton Major, Patrick Brown, who has endorsed the NCCM’s recommendations for municipalities addressing Islamophobia.

Jacobsen: What forms of bigotry seem the most entrenched and probably requiring the longest time to combat in Canada impacting Muslims across the denominational spectrum and throughout the country?

Bullock: Indigenous peoples have battled racism since colonisation, Jews have been battling anti-Semitism in Canada since the 1700s, Blacks have contended with anti-black racism since slavery in Canada, and Muslims have faced anti-Muslim racism since the 1800s here! Allyships are developing and crucial to support and foster. Economic discrimination is one of the most important to address since it affects people’s ability to live.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Dr. Bullock.

Bullock: Thank you too.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Past Chair, Islamic Society of North America-Canada (ISNA-Canada)LecturerPolitical ScienceUniversity of Toronto at Mississauga; Past President, Tesselate Institute; President, Compass Books.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 8, 2022: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bullock-4; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

[3] For resources on this subject based on a large number of educational interviews by me, please review here with the hyperlinks active:

Omar Shakir Sessions (Chronological Order)

Interview with Omar Shakir – Israel and Palestine Director, Human Rights Watch (Middle East and North Africa Division)

HRW Israel and Palestine (MENA) Director on Systematic Methodology and Universal Vision

Human Rights Watch (Israel and Palestine) on Common Rights and Law Violations

Ask HRW (Israel and Palestine) 1 – Recent Events

Ask HRW (Israel and Palestine) 2 – Demolitions

Ask HRW (Israel and Palestine) 3 – November-December: Deportation from Tel Aviv, Israel for Human Rights Watch Israel and Palestine Director

Ask HRW (Israel and Palestine) 4 – Uninhabitable: The Viability of Gaza Strip’s 2020 Unlivability

Ask HRW (Israel and Palestine) 5 – The Trump Peace Plan: Is This the “The Deal of the Century,” or Not?

Ask HRW (Israel and Palestine) 6 – Tripartite Partition: The Israeli Elections, the International Criminal Court (ICC), and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19

Ask HRW (Israel and Palestine) 7 – New Heights to the Plight and the Fight: Covid-19, Hegemony, Restrictions, and Rights

Ask HRW (Israel and Palestine) 8 (w/ Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Palestinian Territories Occupied since 1967) – Annexation, International Law, Occupation, Rights, and Settlements

Ask HRW (Israel and Palestine) 9 – When Rain is Law and Justice is Dry Land

Addenda

Ask HRW (Israel and Palestine) Addendum: Some History and Contextualization of Rights

Other Resources Internal to Canadian Atheist

Interview with Dr. Norman Finkelstein on Gaza Now

Extensive Interview with Gideon Levy

Interview with Musa Abu Hashash – Field Researcher (Hebron District), B’Tselem

Interview with Gideon Levy – Columnist, Haaretz

Interview with Dr. Usama Antar – Independent Political Analyst (Gaza Strip, Palestine)

Interview with Wesam Ahmad – Representative, Al-Haq (Independent Palestinian Human Rights Organization)

Extensive Interview with Professor Richard Falk – Fmr. (5th) United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Palestinian Territories Occupied since 1967

Extensive Interview with Professor John Dugard – Fmr. (4th) United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Palestinian Territories Occupied since 1967

Extensive Interview with S. Michael Lynk – (7th) United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Palestinian Territories Occupied since 1967

Conversation with John Dugard, Richard Falk, and S. Michael Lynk on the Role of the Special Rapporteur, and the International Criminal Court & Jurisdiction

To resolve the Palestinian question we need to end colonialism

Trump’s Colonial Solution to the Question of Palestine Threatens the Foundations of International Law

Dr. Norman Finkelstein on the International Criminal Court

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Dr. Katherine Bullock on Hate, Bill C-21, Hindutva and Coptic Groups, the Nones, and Bigotry: Past Chair, Islamic Society of North America-Canada (ISNA-Canada); Lecturer, Political Science, University of Toronto at Mississauga (4) [Online]. February 2022; 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bullock-4.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, February 8). Conversation with Dr. Katherine Bullock on Hate, Bill C-21, Hindutva and Coptic Groups, the Nones, and Bigotry: Past Chair, Islamic Society of North America-Canada (ISNA-Canada); Lecturer, Political Science, University of Toronto at Mississauga (4) . Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bullock-4.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Dr. Katherine Bullock on Hate, Bill C-21, Hindutva and Coptic Groups, the Nones, and Bigotry: Past Chair, Islamic Society of North America-Canada (ISNA-Canada); Lecturer, Political Science, University of Toronto at Mississauga (4). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A, February. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bullock-4>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2022. Conversation with Dr. Katherine Bullock on Hate, Bill C-21, Hindutva and Coptic Groups, the Nones, and Bigotry: Past Chair, Islamic Society of North America-Canada (ISNA-Canada); Lecturer, Political Science, University of Toronto at Mississauga (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bullock-4.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Dr. Katherine Bullock on Hate, Bill C-21, Hindutva and Coptic Groups, the Nones, and Bigotry: Past Chair, Islamic Society of North America-Canada (ISNA-Canada); Lecturer, Political Science, University of Toronto at Mississauga (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A (February 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bullock-4.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Dr. Katherine Bullock on Hate, Bill C-21, Hindutva and Coptic Groups, the Nones, and Bigotry: Past Chair, Islamic Society of North America-Canada (ISNA-Canada); Lecturer, Political Science, University of Toronto at Mississauga (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bullock-4>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Dr. Katherine Bullock on Hate, Bill C-21, Hindutva and Coptic Groups, the Nones, and Bigotry: Past Chair, Islamic Society of North America-Canada (ISNA-Canada); Lecturer, Political Science, University of Toronto at Mississauga (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bullock-4.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Dr. Katherine Bullock on Hate, Bill C-21, Hindutva and Coptic Groups, the Nones, and Bigotry: Past Chair, Islamic Society of North America-Canada (ISNA-Canada); Lecturer, Political Science, University of Toronto at Mississauga (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 29.A (2022): February. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bullock-4>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Dr. Katherine Bullock on Hate, Bill C-21, Hindutva and Coptic Groups, the Nones, and Bigotry: Past Chair, Islamic Society of North America-Canada (ISNA-Canada); Lecturer, Political Science, University of Toronto at Mississauga (4) [Internet]. (2022, February 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bullock-4.

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Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician & Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (4)

  

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 29.D, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (24)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 8, 2022

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 4,536

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Erik Haereid is an Actuarial Scientist and Statistician. Eivind Olsen is the Chair of Mensa Norway. Tor Arne Jørgensen is the 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe. They discuss: Norwegians view themselves; foreigners; Norway ranks highly on world health, on world peace, and on gender equality; Norway implementing advanced medicine for all citizens; education provided for all in Norway; the NATO alliance; national history of Norway and national pride; national disgrace; excellence versus equity; and science advancement.

Keywords: Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, IQ, Mensa, Mensa Norway, Norway, Tor Arne Jørgensen.

Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician &amp; Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (4)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: How do Norwegians view themselves within the various high-IQ communities?

Erik Haereid: I haven’t asked any, and not thought about how I see myself within these communities. I don’t have any immediate answer to that, but I’ll think about it. 🙂

Tor Arne Jørgensen: Well here one can only speak for oneself, that to the extent that one can be considered as members within the various high range community should again be considered best by others. What one then sees from one’s own point of view of the roles of others, is experienced as a careful search for confirmations of some kind in the degree of strengthening the self.

Eivind Olsen: I don’t have any scientific details on this. We’re over 2000 members in Mensa Norway, and we have all sorts of people so I’d guess their view of themselves is also quite diverse.

Jacobsen: How do foreigners seem to view Norway?

Haereid: I haven’t asked any of them either. In general, my unqualified guess is that some see Norway as a remote, rich and beautiful country, with deep fjords and steep mountains, cold weather and people they really don’t know. Once, I met a French couple in Paris, or maybe I read about it in a paper, I don’t remember, and they asked me, or the journalist, if there were polar bears in the streets of Oslo. Paris is not at equator or in Antarctic; it is in the heart of Europe at the 49th parallel north, and Oslo is at 60th. Shouldn’t they know better? Or maybe I, or the journalist, just didn’t catch their joke. Maybe some see Norwegians as mildly provocative? I hope not. Bad humor, maybe. We are quite kind, really.

Jørgensen: What one experiences even from what is being said even from those who visit our elongated country, is that we seem shy but generous. Furthermore, we emerge as a bit naive and complacent, but not striking in such a sense, where a nourishing glimpse of national romance can be viewed. The scandinavian origin seems exciting, given their scenic surroundings and long fjords.

Olsen: That of course depends on the foreigners. I believe we’re often seen as a country with a fairly good gender equality, a social profile with public health care, a mix of urban and rural societies, and with some amazing mountains and fjords. And often with a decent-to-good English vocabulary and a decent-to-bad pronunciation of the same. 🙂

Jacobsen: Norway ranks highly on world health, on world peace, and on gender equality. These amount to internationalist values tied to modernist views, scientific rationalism employed in medicine and engineering, and cosmopolitan attitudes towards social and professional relations. Why is Norway setting such a mark on the world as a visionary nation?

Haereid: The main factor is the Scandinavian and Nordic way of thinking about egalitarian and social balance; to succeed, i.e., live good lives alone and among others, you can’t be too selfish or too empathic. If “success” is defined as being the best, richest and prettiest, you will lose in the end. Prosperity is not only about individual success. Some Norwegians move abroad, primarily to USA, because they want to succeed in the meaning of not sharing; “my effort is my property”. Maybe that gives you some kind of satisfaction in the short run, but as bricks in a cathedral it doesn’t last. If you suppress women, men, children, poor, sick or any ethnic minority you will, at some point, be stabbed and regret. It’s always some kind of payback in Nature.

It’s about gaining an equilibrium; matching opposites; prosperity and hunger, safety and danger, sense and sensibility, warm and cold, and create a cultural web over time that fulfills the variety in the human color chart. I think the Norwegian landscape, changes in weather and variation in seasons, our brutal and also nice history, our historical economic struggle and our recently prosperity, our trust to each other, and our mental surplus that make us believe in the good in people, are all elements in this. We feel quite safe as to healthcare; if we get sick or wounded, we trust that someone will take care of us whether we are rich or poor. We feel in some ways like a big family. Even though there are some double standards, we are decent concerning human rights.

Free education, as an important example, lower the threshold for everyone to gain knowledge and wisdom, and makes the society wiser and more prosper in probably almost every way.

I think the combination of being a young, small and hungry nation (we were completely or partly controlled by Denmark (from about 1400) and Sweden (from 1814) until 1905) and having internalized the importance of a social balance, is the recipe. It’s about taking and sharing responsibility. Competition has to be games to evolve, and has gone too far when it becomes too important, existential, and violent.

Jørgensen: It is conceivable that the community’s innovation, creative joy and future-oriented camaraderie in a positive sense are geared towards strengthening common value creation in a transferable and beyond-friendly sense, according to its cosmopolitan understanding.

Olsen: I’m not sure there’s one single reason for those high rankings. Regarding world peace and being able to sometimes act as a mediator, I guess it helps that we have such a small population that we can’t ever be seen as an aggressor. Norway is a fairly secular atheist society, whereas conservative religions have often been used to strip women of the same rights as men had: “Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands as you do to the Lord.” (Ephesians 5:22), for example. All the Nordic countries were among the earlier countries that gave women the right to vote in national elections.

Jacobsen: I note Iceland and Finland in these categories too. How do they seem to do it, too?

Haereid: We are almost the same people with the same background. It’s about believing in ones’ abilities and seize what is possible. Doing that is easier when you have to, and no one stops you. I think Island and Finland also has this dawning zeal and hunger, like the Norwegians. We are newly born, sort of, and we discover, limited by the respect of being suppressed. After suppression you can choose to learn from it and at the same time exploit your new-found freedom. It’s not only about being suppressed by other nations or people, but nature, hunger, catastrophes, fear, shame, guilt…

Jørgensen: Based on my rather limited knowledge in accordance with the countries you are hereby referring to, one can only assume that they can be justified on the basis of the same principles as we in Norway can be justified on.

Olsen: I would assume they’re doing it in similar ways, seeing as they are also Nordic countries. Sure, there are some national traits, such as the famous Finnish “sisu”.

Jacobsen: How is Norway implementing advanced medicine for all citizens? How does this improve the society as a whole?

Haereid: It’s controlled by the authorities. Most necessary healthcare is free in Norway, as part of the welfare system. That includes medicines; you don’t have to pay for it. There have been discussions about very expensive medicine, that can improve or prolong lives for instance as to cancer treatment. I assume there is a limit; some medicines are too expensive and are not approved inside the Norwegian healthcare system. Some medicines are not approved of other, more scientific reasons. Some Norwegians travel abroad to buy treatment and medicines that is not provided in Norway.

Obviously, to get the best healthcare and medicine for free is part of making everyone feel more secure, and release people’s energy and make everyone use their abilities.

Jørgensen: As far as Norway and the implementation of advanced medicine for its inhabitants are concerned, we are at the average of the rest of the Nordic region and the western world. Comes a bit to short here within the mentioned topic, to be able to give a more accurate picture, but based on what can be sought and what is covered by the media, general health development in Norway has much to thanks those who are outside our own national borders. Yes, we have set ourselves high goals for an improved national health service, but in the end we only follow natural western attitude-based medical development with all the consequences that this entails.

Olsen: All the Nordic countries have universal health care, funded by the state (i.e. by the people paying taxes). It ensures that you get access to some level of health care. As long as most people are bearing the burden of paying taxes, it all works out quite well. Could it be working even better? Of course. But it could also be working a lot worse.

Jacobsen: How is education provided for all in Norway? How does this improve the society as a whole?

Haereid: In Norway, most education, also higher education institutions, are run by the state or municipality, and are gratis. This is a major part of our welfare-system; to provide everyone the education they want, for free. As to higher education, Norway follows the European standard of three years for Bachelor, two years for Master and three years for PhD degrees.

It’s nine years of compulsory education. This is approximately the same in the rest of Europe. Many go to high school (videregående skole), which lasts three years (15 to 18 years). You also have a lot of vocational schools and folk high schools, if you want some other inputs than pure, traditional education. In general, Norwegian education institutions are of top class.

When you lower the obstacles for taking an education, and make it inviting for everyone that wants it, you get a general higher degree of educated and wise people. In societies where money or anything else is an obstacle, you sort people based on something that is not correlated with abilities, and you get people that in sum is less knowledgeable than in societies where everyone gets more opportunities. Societies with high obstacles as to education are into a larger degree divided into social hierarchies and polarization than the others, and this leads to a stupider society; the bigger the difference between high and low educated, between rich and poor, the more conservative and less knowledgeable is the society.

What is problematic with let’s say egalitarian societies like the Norwegian is that one tends to equalize everyone; if you have a talent, some inner drives that you want to enhance and develop, you also have to get some more education and opportunities than people who don’t have those abilities (like high intelligence). This is not about constructing elites, but letting people have the best ground to build their lives on. We have to differ between environments where people get the opportunity to exploit their abilities, and the glorification of such environments. When the glorification becomes the ambition, we lose wisdom. In general, it’s about giving as many as possible, everyone, the optimal opportunities to develop personally in addition to contribute to optimizing the lives for everyone in the society; creating av win-win situation for each one and everyone. It’s about nurturing each one’s abilities and skills and not nurturing the protection procedures of one’s abilities and skills; everyone has the choice between becoming wiser or protecting their wisdom towards the others.

One problem with elitist societies in general, is that they suppress a majority (or minorities) and through that reduce the total production and development, and at the same time slow down their own development because they are too satisfied with status quo and too occupied by protecting their elitist position.

Elitism is a product of overcompensation, which in this context is a product of not being seen and respected. Human haven’t found, still, any major way to fulfill humans need for respect within the social realm. Letting everyone evolve with their abilities and talents, their wishes and needs, in respect from everyone else, is the key to evolve optimally as society and individuals. And to manage to see one has to be seen. I believe in some sort of egalitarian way of constructing the society, to make this happen.

Jørgensen: As for the paradigmatic constitutional regarding the straight forward change-based education, grounded within its foundations as to the distribution-sought parallels with the intention of leveling out its primary mandate. Does it then serve its ordinary and intentional parameter from their institutional parables? No, not in any way, by grounds of their manufacturing excitations of indelible intellects fueled on by their already associated philanthropic established parables. Now we find ourselves at an political/educational crossroad, where we must decide to enter a new political charter of ithin forward altruistic inaccuracies for both branches of opportunistic incentives at the intersection of conservative jurisprudence.

Olsen: Everyone here have an obligation to get some basic education (currently that’s 1st to 10th grade), and they have a right to use the public education system. They can choose to go to private schools or get homeschooled instead but most follow the public system. The public education is free (or, funded in the same way as universal health care: taxes). Higher education at the university level is also for all intents and purposes free (you guessed it: funded by taxes). Sure, you’ll have to pay a semester fee of perhaps 600 NOK (approx. 65 USD) and buy some study material, books etc, but it’s not a large sum. There are also state-funded grants and loans for students, allowing also those without a wealthy background to get an education and increasing the chance of accomplishing social mobility. The top 5 countries on the World Economic Forum’s “social mobility index rankings, 2020” are Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden and Iceland.

Jacobsen: What is the state of the NATO alliance now?

Haereid: With an American and general will to pay and contribute to the alliance, it is a necessary support beam and protector of the member states. It’s important to manifest NATO as a friendly alliance, intended to preserve peace and not to make wars. It’s about how NATO is promoted. I think Jens Stoltenberg is a Secretary General that contributes to such an organization. Communication with the world outside NATO is of high importance to maintain and preserve the peaceful project NATO is and should be.

Jørgensen: Simply put, Allied insecurity, due to their shaky interpolitical support, confusing global involvements and lavish plodding approaches on a grand scale…

Olsen: My impression is that it’s “somewhat flimsy, but holding up”. There has been talk about expelling Turkey from the alliance, and Donald Trump has also expressed interest in withdrawing the USA from NATO. I guess time we’ll have to wait and see what happens.

Jacobsen: What are some important points of reflection for national history of Norway and national pride?

Haereid: We are a young nation. We have fought for our freedom until after WW2, and then we started to climb, like the whole world did, but maybe we did it more than others, because we lacked history and tried hard to establish some kind of national feeling of affiliation. We celebrate our Constitution Day 17. May each year, like no one else do. Some nations ignore their national day, others spice it with military parades. We arrange family gatherings and children’s parades all over the nation; it’s a beautiful gesture and celebration. It reminds us of that we have to construct a strong feeling of national connection, because we lack history.

We are proud of our diverse nature and distinct seasons, actually, and that we have managed to exploit some of our natural resources, like fish, oil and gas, and made it easier for us concerning the welfare-system. At the same time, we want to contribute making the world free from fossil fuel, and as an example, Norway is one of the leading nations as to driving electrical cars.

We trust each other; other nations might see us as naïve in that regard. I think we are proud of our athletes, too proud if you ask me. 🙂

Jørgensen: In short, one can first highlight national pride, then the pride in being a weather-beaten people with lots of courage. We keep to traditions, search externally for new knowledge, an are regarded as bridge builders between nations in addition to be revired for holding the humic value as a base fundation.

Olsen: I think it’s important to know that Norway was part of a union for over 600 years, under both Danish and Swedish rule, and only gained full independence from Sweden as recent as in 1905.

Regarding pride, that depends on who you ask. Some will reminisce about the Olympics at Lillehammer in 1994 and how “we” won some medals. Personally, I don’t understand how it’s possible to take personal pride in what someone else have accomplished. I’ve never been playing when the local football team won a match, and I’ve never participated in the Olympics, so why should I take any pride in that?

Jacobsen: What about points of national disgrace in history or into the present?

Haereid: Even though we are a young nation, we were part of the Vikings and the Viking Age. That’s nothing to be proud of.

On our trip to feel national, we now and then exaggerate, trying things too hard, and listen too much to and copy other nations. Like the USA. I like many of the features of the USA, but it’s still also an imperialistic and white culture, unfortunately. I hope Norway can continue to develop the egalitarian way of thinking; we are not completely there yet, and there are double standards along the road, but I think we have something going on.

I think Norwegians claim to be better, in the meaning of good and altruistic, than they are. But I also think there is some true wishes behind this empathic drive. Norwegians want to be good, empathic, but have some distance left to go. It’s annoying with this flamboyant self-righteousness. It comes with the combination of power and insecurity.

Jørgensen: Will point out 3-4 elements of what is facilitated and thus can only be described by what concerns the stain on one’s national pride. First and foremost is our own present day “Law of Jante”, which is solely to suppress one’s self-esteem completely. Next is the widespread triangle trade by involvement to secure us norwegians sugar and other desirable goods about 300+ years back in time, third is fifty to a hundred years further back in time during the witch-burning, all the hundreds of women and men who were accused of collaborating with evil forces. Finally, the most obvious misconception of them all, our Viking background, where the theft, killing and conquest of another’s property and land is to this day honored as heroic, when everything else is the truth, a true stain on national, Scandinavian and Nordic scale.

Olsen: The Norwegian assimilation policy was for a long time not very nice to the Sámi people. In more recent times we have the bombing of Libya in 2011 which I find somewhat dubious.

Jacobsen: Some discussions in the past have oriented around excellence versus equity division in terms of the innovation and science development in the midst of the welfare system versus the free market system. One values, so it’s assumed, health of all citizens while the other values advancement of the wealth via the valuation of science and technology innovation with utility towards the market. Is this a fair characterization? Is excellence versus equity truly a division?

Haereid: This is basically about motivation and access/distribution. If you have a system that demotivates each and every one, the total amount of advancement is obviously less compared to a more motivating system. It has been discussed since dawn if advancement is good per se. But if you have some kind of decent moral and adjusting compass, some rules that controls innovation into some but not too severe degree, you will still have the motivational element intact. People like to invent, to discover and reveal; that’s our nature. We can’t stop that, nor by making the distribution of the results more equal.

We need different motivational elements, i.e., capital in the general meaning of it, that both preserve the general motivation in as many as possible (because this maximizes the positive outcome) and distributes the outcome fairly; gives as many as possible access to the result, without losing motivation in the invention- and production process. It’s about “what’s in it for me”.

Elitists live on an illusion that they are better than other people. This is one of human’s biggest issues. People often misunderstand by mixing worth and abilities; we are all different with different abilities, needs and talents. It’s like saying that a nurse is less worth than a doctor; that’s an illusion. But people tend to believe in it. Would equalizing nurses and doctors make the MD-education less attractive? Or would it channelize more empathic (and perhaps intelligent) people into the MD-education (I guess there are quite an amount of MD’s today that lack empathy, that are MD’s because they want the glory and money and not because they want to live by Hippocrates’ intentions about helping sick people)?

I think elitists are driven by the same factors as drug abusers; you don’t need it, but it feels like you do. A lot think seriously that they will lose motivation if they have to share the values of the outcome of their inventions, productions and results. We have to rethink the concept of power. It’s a cliché, but it’s about a necessary balance between ego and community, between yourself and the others. When we invent a system, which assure us that sharing is not losing but on the contrary, we have reached a milestone in human evolution.

I think life is not about living forever, but living good; including having a as good health as possible within reason. It’s not about living on behalf of each other, but share into some degree and find the most suitable social and personal fit. Living good lives includes some sort of basic income, health care and prosperity relative to what humans have invented at that time in history. Today almost everyone owns some sort of a smart communication device. If there are enough supplies, no system should prevent anyone from getting what they need.

There are thousand reasons why a person can’t provide what he, she or they need in life; reasons that should not be only that person’s responsibility. When the system nurtures this kind of capitalistic exchange, it produces greed and irresponsibility. These are human features that can be controlled, like alcohol can be controlled before one move into abuse. To claim that greed is uncontrollable, is like giving your children alcohol and encourage them to drink because it feels so good. But parents usually don’t do this to their children. So why do they motivate them to be greedy?

Egalitarianism is not about stopping producing things, but changing the factors which motivates us to produce. When pure egocentric needs are the motivation, and the system motivates us to be mean narcissistic human creatures that deviates from what we could be, warm human beings, we become that evil creature as a culture and individually. We are not born with empathy towards people that we don’t know or care for. We know that. To feel empathy, we have to connect those others to something we relate to and care for. This is one of our limitations, and therefore something we have to take into account.

Jørgensen: Will probably see me a little agree with the value base spun from the basis around alturistic metafunctional creation that is both viewed with orders for scalable investments, as well as an experience of flip-floppers overwintering. It should thus be pointed out the importance of not thinking about the control function experience of aberration for the maintenance of the scholastic obvious. No, let us avoid the obvious misconceptual impression of the espressiveness of impartiality, but rather grasp the idea of a double jeopardy in the hope of liberating justice from the intentional intuition of dissent.

Olsen: As is often the case, some sort of balance seems to prove the good tradeoff. Assuming there are limited resources (personell, funding, time) available, there will always be some competition for those resources. If you give all those resources to “one side only” the other side will suffer. Put all the best and brightest minds to a single task and you might eventually end up solving one problem while creating several other problems due to neglect.

Jacobsen: If this division exists between excellence and equity, what science advancement is lost? What systems could better integrate the two, seriously?

Haereid: No science advancement is lost; it’s not achieved yet. We are a young species, that are going to change the most common human perception of the nature and evolution process. We are not there yet. Human mainstream science believes in absolute brutality, still, and as long as it does, human have no reason to be nice and kind; it doesn’t pay off. We are not born empathic, but with an empathic potential. We have to evolve towards practical empathy, and not ignore it because some people mean that it’s absolute true that human are egocentric megalomaniacs with no real compassion for others. That’s a big lie; we have a great potential to be nice and respectful.

Pure communism and capitalism have failed. You can’t build a system without the right motivation. You can’t force people, only direct them; people behave like water. Compassion, sharing, is not contradictory to egoism; we have to evolve a system that combine person and persons. You don’t have to brake production, i.e., human activities, to be compassionate. On the contrary. We have to build a system that understands that there are enough of everything we need. Science and technology will provide us all we need e.g., food. We are still in the archetypical “lack of supplies” mentality; in the mentality of fighting for one’s goods. That’s history in the future. It’s more of a paramount mental change than a system change; the practical solutions follow the mentality. It’s about giving without the experience of losing.

Jørgensen: With a mix of economic directions that we in Norway have today among other nations also within the Nordic platform, a mixed economy is preferable. This means that there may be better solutions to promote, as well as safeguard its resolutions. Final conclutives are defined on the basis of what is in the line of prohibition with the implicative factors that are drawn up in the approving statutes, this is what one is then left with and which must then be loosely re-evaluated in order for an improved state to emerge from the freemarket economy and its opposite counterpart in the state-controlled planned economy forum where it is kept in the idea of anti-establishmentarianism.

Olsen: It’s not really possible to say which advancements are lost. And it might be just as well to also ask “what science advancement is gained”.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, World Genius Directory.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 8, 2022: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-4; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician &amp; Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (4)[Online]. February 2022; 29(D). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-4.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, February 8). Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician &amp; Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (4). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-4.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician &amp; Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (4). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.D, February. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-4>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2022. “Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician &amp; Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.D. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-4.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician &amp; Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.D (February 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-4.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician &amp; Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.D. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-4>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician &amp; Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.D., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-4.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician &amp; Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 29.D (2022): February. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-4>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician &amp; Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (4)[Internet]. (2022, February 29(D). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-4.

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Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Recapturing Everything: Member, World Genius Directory (11)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 29.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (24)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 1, 2022

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 7,597

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) is a Member of the World Genius Directory. He discusses: intellectual interests; mockery and ridicule; a more balanced approach to life’s issues; more detailed and involved artistic productions; stopped regular sessions at church; White Christian Nationalists; step-father; a “God” and “the Grand Design”; Naturalism; human nature; a “soul”; Tango; “overall satisfaction” in life; the realization of death; favourite activity with niece; long-term social and environmental stability issues; “relatively unusual form” of the ‘might makes right’ ethic in place; an equal consideration for future generations; human identity; environmental stability; critical thinking; Khan Academy; very tall; average intelligence and high intelligence; the high-IQ communities can take lessons from these narratives; the high-IQ community; the qualities of this poor condition of the high-IQ communities; the fascination with certificates in the high-IQ communities; an individual member of the high-IQ; community is interested in getting involved in real solutions to the problems of their locale or the world; real contributions to community; cheating on the alternative tests; the alternative tests tend to inflate the scores of testees; Mensa International; the stagnant condition of the high-IQ community; alternative tests; Liam Millikan; the most impressive alternative test-takers known in the high-IQ communities; people disillusioned with the state of the high-IQ communities; random question; older individuals; superficial thinking in some of the high-IQ communities; any further controversies; the creation of alternative tests; the Tango affair; the extended sense of moral relativism; Derek; Heidi; Jodi; Elaine; Julia; mother; Jess; Harry; and the lesson in moving on, moving forward, and looking ahead.

Keywords: Anthony Sepulveda, God, high-IQ, human nature, intelligence, Liam Millikan, Mensa International, naturalism, Tango, World Genius Directory.

Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Recapturing Everything: Member, World Genius Directory (11)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: This will be the final session. Let’s recap from the first session to the tenth: An Interview with Anthony Sepulveda on Background and Intelligence (Part One)An Interview with Anthony Sepulveda on Life and Death (Part Two)An Interview with Anthony Sepulveda on Bucket List and Culture (Part Three)An Interview with Anthony Sepulveda on Academic Institutions, Khan Academy, and Profound Gifts (Part Four)Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on the Art and State of IQ Tests: Member, World Genius Directory (5)Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Intellectual Function and Personality, Formal Mental Illness, Narcissism, Motivation, AtlantIQ-UNICEF, Jeffrey Ford, Societal Renewal, and a Holy Grail of the High-IQ Communities: Member, World Genius Directory (6)Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Liam Millikan and Lessons: Member, World Genius Directory (7)Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on An Affair, Psychological Dynamics, and Ethical Considerations: Member, World Genius Directory (8)Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Depression, Love, Recovery, and Lessons: Member, World Genius Directory (9), and Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda on Abortion, Relational Ethical Quandaries, and Mothers: Member, World Genius Directory (10). We’ve covered a wide range of material.

The eleventh session’s questions will be asked in review of parts one through ten, chronologically. You mentioned an isolated existence apart from the society in a dual-breadwinner household. Those households can make for easy self-isolation, e.g., as in the middle-upper class homes of the ‘grass-eater men’ of Japan. Similarly, you went into college and dropped out, choosing to self-educate now. What was the minor/major at the time? What have been the intellectual interests of 2021? Any planned for 2022?

Anthony Sepulveda (Brown)[1],[2]*: I wanted to pursue mathematics. But was placed in an information sciences program that I was ill suited to. Which, alongside the myriad reasons I mentioned in part 1, inspired me to leave.

Since then, I’ve made it a habit to always have something of interest to work towards; often in the form of a research to perform, a project to complete, etc. – at present date (Feb/1/2022), I’m writing a mystery novel, preparing a number of small projects for peer review this April and trying to develop the personal habits required to heavily reduce my weekly alcohol consumption.

Jacobsen: Fat teens, typically, endure mockery and ridicule. Was this the case for you? If so, did this exacerbate further self-isolation?

Sepulveda: Not that I recall, thankfully. Not everyone is so fortunate.

Jacobsen: You said, “I can’t bear to rely on others for anything important. Whatever goes wrong, I’ll do everything in my power to solve it on my own. It’s only after I’ve exhausted all my effort that I’ll ask for help. And even then, I’ll feel guilty about it.” Have you made any effort to overcome – even getting some therapeutic assistance or intervention – to find a more balanced approach to life’s issues?

Sepulveda: I can’t say for certain. My life has been quite stable for a long time now and I rarely need any kind of assistance.

Jacobsen: What have been some of the more detailed and involved artistic productions by you? Can you provide some examples, e.g., images or scans of sketches?

Sepulveda: Of course. I specialize in abstract art across several different media (painting, drawing, photography and duct tape), many of which have been published across several media outlets (including both platforms online and in a few magazines). A number of examples have been attached below.

Jacobsen: When you stopped regular sessions at church in early adolescence, what happened to social life? I am told by the ex-religious of the rejection by community and loss of friends, even a lover and family, because of it, i.e., exemplifying a tribalism inherent in religiosity.

Sepulveda: My social life didn’t really change. If anything, it improved. I was fortunate enough not to have any close relationships with anyone so unreasonable as to sever a friendship over a simple difference of opinion.

Jacobsen: Any thoughts of White Christian Nationalists in America now? Those in a demographic slide to irrelevancy based on a voiding of overwhelming dominance of the political activism, finances, and demographic numbers in decades prior to the 2020s. Some in the high-IQ communities harbour such views or deny such views, as in rejecting the titles, while publicly expressing the views, prominent and not. It’s akin to the viewing of racists using IQ arguments to bolster racist views, which makes sense, of course, from their point of view: Racists will use anything to justify their ideological stances and prejudices.

Sepulveda: Bigotry of any kind is, by definition, unreasonable and not something I respect to any degree. From my experience and observation, IQ has nothing to do with your ethnic background or even one’s general beliefs. If anything, it comes down to one’s motivation and imagination and how they use them to cope with their social environment.

And I personally believe that religion has no place in politics. At least until someone can definitively prove which one is real and end all the senseless behavior inspired by strong beliefs.

Jacobsen: I was thinking about your relationship with your step-father. There is a sense of mutuality and respect between the two of you. The hinge is your mother and her happiness. What other lessons can be derived from the role of a father for a stepfather in relationship with a non-biological son where respect, mutual trust, and common goals (mom’s happiness) are present?

Sepulveda: The best thing he showed me (by his own actions more than anything else) was not to try to be something I’m not. A quick example – he’s never tried to fill my father’s position. He offered, but never imposed his beliefs or opinions on me or my siblings. If one of us needed him, he was there. But his primary focus was being a good partner to my mother. I’m thankful for that and greatly appreciate him and the role he performs as a part of my family.

Jacobsen: Is faith, in essence, based on an immature pollyanna view of the world with an assertion – or some vague hope – of a “God” and “the Grand Design”?

Sepulveda: I have to say yes. Throughout my life I’ve known many people whose entire understanding of reality balances precariously on the belief in a higher, loving power. It saddens me to see so many otherwise rational people that are too scared to accept their ignorance and reality as it is. But I have little room to judge them. Life can be very stressful and we all need something comfortable to cushion ourselves.

Jacobsen: How would you define the natural, as in Naturalism?

Sepulveda: As that which is and that which can be logically inferred or determined from natural phenomena.

Jacobsen: Are any facets of human nature indeterministic?

Sepulveda: If there are, I don’t see them. All I can do is assure you and anyone reading that wants me to be wrong is that I’ve been proven wrong on many occasions and will continue to keep my eyes and mind open in the future in case I am in this matter.

Jacobsen: What definition of a “soul” makes sense to you? One connected to our physical self. Do you believe in any non-physical parts of the self?

Sepulveda: While many spiritual ideas on the matter make a certain amount of sense, I can’t hold any to be true until I find evidence that souls truly exist at all. Unlike many, I require evidence to form a valid opinion and would rather have questions than faith.

Jacobsen: When you told Tango how much she meant to you, what was her reaction?

Sepulveda: Initially, she’d smile and we’d hold each other close for as long as we could. But the last time we spoke she felt I was trying to manipulate any guilt she had about her choices and, to preserve her relationship with another man, she cut me out of her life.

It still hurts to think about. But my pain has been greatly relieved by the knowledge that my decisions made sense while hers did not. We ended our affair so that she could give her husband one final chance by focusing on marriage counseling. Having another affair benefited no one in the short or long term and went completely against everything she’d been working towards.

Jacobsen: How would you define “overall satisfaction” in life, as this was mentioned as something of greater concern before death – in the second interview sessions?

Sepulveda: I simply want to reach the end of my life with more fun stories than regrets. I feel that’s all I can reasonably expect of reality. Who am I to ask for more?

Jacobsen: What are your priorities in the realization of death? What do you consider your position in the game of life?

Sepulveda: My position is relative to the pieces around me and my priority is the preservation and prosperity of myself and those I care for. Life is brief and fragile. And of course I’ll try to get as much out of it as I can. But if I only succeed in benefiting a few good people, then I can live and die with that.

Jacobsen: What is your favourite activity with your niece?

Sepulveda: I love listening to the things she says. No matter what we’re doing, she can describe the simplest situation in the funniest way. For example, she was three years old when she met my friend Harry’s newborn daughter Cora. Cora was a very calm, sleepy baby and on the day they met Piper got to hold her while Harry and I were doing something in the next room. After looking at her for a few moments, I overheard her say, “She has hair like Uncle.” And I must have laughed for several minutes straight, at least.

Jacobsen: Since the beginning of the interview, what long-term social and environmental stability issues have been made worse, more clearly needing action?

Sepulveda: Outside of my environmental concerns, the biggest issue that’s grown since then (here in America, at least) is the increasing sense of division amongst people along racial, sexual, personal identity and political lines. It’s been a strange couple years (2019-2021) where riots vandalized whole blocks of cities and victims were criticized by onlookers for simply cleaning up the mess left in the wake.

These perceived divisions primarily come from various areas of online social media where complaints can spread and snowball quickly, creating an illusion that these problems are significantly larger than they actually are. Too often, these illusions are enough to scare many businesses and media outlets into implementing changes that the silent majority don’t care for in an attempt to silence the vocal minority. This has caused a lot of problems recently, including the censorship of many people sharing certain opinions, instilling fear that  police should be disbanded (which is absolutely ridiculous) and inspiring some of the most bizarre and violent behavior I’ve seen in my life.

Clearly, we have a lot of work to do.

Jacobsen: What is the “relatively unusual form” of the ‘might makes right’ ethic in place?

Sepulveda: ‘Might makes right’ commonly refers to interpersonal situations (most commonly in prisons, lower class areas and, of course, in nature among animals) where conflicts of interest are resolved using physical force. In these instances, whoever is strongest or most savage usually comes out on top and dictates their will over others tyrannically as the alpha.

In modern times, most interpersonal conflicts are resolved using reason (via discussion, laws enforcement, money or some combination of the three) and who has the advantage is often determined by the social standing or position of authority. Because of this, members of the upper class (especially those of the top 0.1%) have the most privilege and influence over others and results in a social system as tyrannical as any found in nature. There is a plethora of examples of this process occuring throughout history, but I’ll focus on the current state of the U.S..

If you were to ask someone about the American political system, they’d most likely describe it as a democracy. And they’d be incorrect. America is an oligarchy run by the members of the Electoral College and their affiliates. This is a group so influential that they’ve abolished our previous system of checks and balances, giving themselves almost complete freedom to allocate funds as they choose. Coupled with their close ties to big businesses, they’re able to use their political influence to sway insider trading and maximize profits for themselves. So, given the facts that these individuals are among the wealthiest and best protected, who create our laws and can determine their own salaries at will, it seems just as tyrannical as any dynamic found in nature.

And while I can only speak confidently on the status of the country within which I reside, it seems reasonable to presume that human nature is consistent enough for similar dynamics to exist all over the world. The only major differences between them appears to be how open the political leaders of each region are about how the world really works.

This is the nature of the ‘relatively unusual form’ of ‘might makes right’. Because no matter which politician you select (with the exceptions of Mirko Cro Cop and Manny Pacquiao), they will be among the least capable of our species. They’re advantages and positions are determined solely by the circumstances of their birth, the belief of those ‘beneath’ them that they have any real authority and their willingness to do what it takes to maintain their position in the game of life. This is a fairly obvious series of facts and, yet, no one does anything about it. Perhaps that’s due to how well protected these individuals try to be. By why would anyone protect them? Could any amount of personal benefit influence someone’s decision to accept and maintain such corruption?

Jacobsen: How would one apply an equal consideration for future generations as “relative equals”?

Sepulveda: We need to orient ourselves so that we can all exist in a completely sustainable manner. The Earth and it’s environments are the most valuable resources we have, so we need to learn how to maximize their efficiency and reduce all risks of depletion. This will ensure future generations have the same chance we had to have a decent quality of life.

Jacobsen: Does Secular Humanism seem to exemplify personal views most for you? I point to a short series of internationally accepted statements in the Amsterdam Declaration 2002 or exemplified in the life path and personhood of a friend, Nsajigwa I Mwasokwa (Nsajigwa Nsa’sam).

Sepulveda: Yes, I believe strongly that one doesn’t and shouldn’t require an outside force to motivate one’s decision to live ethically.

Jacobsen: If a soul exists, and if it would exist on a ground state of effervescence, or dynamism and transience, what would this mean for reinterpretation of religious perspectives or Pagan views of a soul or a spirit, respectively, as a base of human identity?

Sepulveda: It would be very interesting if that could be proven definitively. As it would imply that, while our external forms look different, we are all parts of the same collective consciousness. I’d like to imagine how this new understanding would bring us all together, but I fear it’d only amount to being another voice in the crowd.

Jacobsen: Are there any other companies than Mycoworks that impressed you, regarding long-term environmental stability?

Sepulveda: There are a number of environmental conservation companies that are doing some wonderful work cleaning the ocean (most notably Clean Ocean).

I’d also like to mention Thorn and the Grey Owl Company. Human trafficking and child abuse are among the very worst things this world has to offer. And while it’s possible that it will continue happening until we go extinct, it’s a small comfort to know that not all those stories end tragically.

Jacobsen: As an example of the radical transformations in education, one might be the reverse classroom. Where, students spend much less time in the class and more time at home, or independently, researching projects and tasks, as assigned. The teacher becomes more of a guide than anything else. Standardization in education can hamper this in being entrenched in its processes and bureaucracy. Everything is structured, which can be good. But everything is, more or less, rigid, which can constrict the learning environment for learners and educators alike. We are seeing this hand being forced with COVID-19. However, if done more progressively, in stages, I could see something of a graduate-level style education as the form of undergraduate education moving forward. Does this seem reasonable to you – having students learn critical thinking through independent semi-guided schooling in a reverse classroom? You alluded to this in one of your answers.

Sepulveda: It would probably work well for many college programs, but I wouldn’t recommend implementing a system like it for all schools. In my opinion, the most important part of attending school is learning about social dynamics and how to talk to, interact with and deal with others. Lacking these experiences would be a massive deficit to the development of one’s personality and maturity and have a terrible impact on their lives.

Jacobsen: Have you jumped back onto the Khan Academy again, yet? I have about 8,000,000 or so points.

Sepulveda: Very impressive. I have not used their services since we spoke about it last.

Jacobsen: You mentioned being very tall. How tall is “very tall” (for your age)? How tall now?

Sepulveda: I grew to over 6 foot in my early teens, almost a full foot taller than average. I’m currently 6′ 3″ (1.9 meters), half a foot taller than average.

Jacobsen: What effects do average intelligence and high intelligence have on personality – differences, similarities?

Sepulveda: It’s difficult to say. Most personality traits developed as a result of your experiences. So I feel safe in saying that the biggest impact it will have is on your confidence and, possibly, your ability to handle stress. If a person has a history of successfully solving or resolving problems (either academic or personal), it stands to reason that it would take more than average to upset them.

Jacobsen: When I worked my way to the Executive Director and Editor-in-Chief/Chief Editor position of United Sigma Korea as we, YoungHoon Bryan Kim and I, transitioned into United Sigma Intelligence Association in 2019-2020, I trained the president, at the time, in a large number of ways, who was the Senior Membership Officer of the Mega Foundation and an acolyte of its president, Mr. Christopher Michael Langan, at the time. He called me his saviour for the guidance and mentorship while working with him. Then, after a time, I formally resigned. He tried to get me back for about a year or more. As far as I have been informed, both the Mega Foundation (etc.) and USIA leadership, in private in one case, or in part of a public statement online for months in another, appeared to claim to know the reason(s), independently. Here’s the catch, I never said all of the formal reason(s), or much of any of them, in fact, if any. Thus, obvious conclusion, both lied, in different ways – one to an entire community based entirely on image. Also, I was promptly erased from most of the public or digital history of the positions from USIA, except a request to republish some interviews, which was permitted. Some should be wary. Acolytes, even simply sympathizers, of the Mega Foundation, or the former member of the Mega Society and leader too, in fact, have a long history (many years) of online harassing or verbally/psychologically abusing perceived ‘enemies’ of them, which goes to your point about narcissistic tendencies, grandiosity, and the like. Anyone can search the online records for these. Myself, I, as far as I know, was called, a “stupid little idiot” or something like this, by the stupid big meta-idiot. Some sympathetic individuals who have done interviews have chosen to become anonymous; some talk about changing a lot and evolving a different outlook. People can take a test and get a big head about it – so to speak. It’s something to be mindful about if wanting to enter the community, as such, and become a responsible leader. The academically qualified, intelligent wife was nice to me, though. As a rule of thumb, it’s similar – not the same – to some of the extreme tribalism and in-group/out-group behaviour of religious zealots, particularly majority white sects of Christianity in America against everyone else. They seem as if mirrors, as in East and West cultural manifestations, of similar phenomena. For myself, I self-publish some productions, have luck to do interviews, and work mostly blue-collar jobs. I’m, basically, a nobody. So, you don’t have to listen to me. Nonetheless, for what it’s worth, I trust members of the high-IQ communities can take lessons from these narratives. It was an interesting experience. I only had myself to rely on, in those instances. Any comments or thoughts on this theme?

Sepulveda: Aside from the positions you previously held within the organizations mentioned, my experiences have been nearly identical. I was associated with several people you alluded to (the heads of the Mega Foundation and USIA) for a short while, but was excommunicated for voicing an unpopular opinion (being pro choice) in one and revealing evidence that supported a dissenting individual in the other. Both cases were quite disappointing because I didn’t see anything wrong with my actions and was open to discussing both matters if I was. But, after reviewing the psychological evidence I’d gleaned from my experiences with these individuals, I feel it’s safe to assume that cultural differences likely motivated one while shear ego motivated the other.

Jacobsen: Is the high-IQ community still in “very poor condition”? Are there any other reasons than personal self-esteem enhancement in general?

Sepulveda: I am not aware of any major changes that may have occurred recently. It still seems like a place to collect new certificates for previous performances.

Jacobsen: What are the qualities of this poor condition of the high-IQ communities?

Sepulveda: The community lacks of a sense of cohesive direction or purpose. Outside of the few individuals looking to use the group’s collective experience for the benefit of others, there’s nothing particularly noteworthy about its members.

Jacobsen: What is the fascination with certificates in the high-IQ communities? I speak only as an orbiting rock – some might say, “Dense as” – in the Oort Cloud, but still…

Sepulveda: Honestly, I don’t see the appeal at this point. They’re essentially just participation trophies for sports you used to play.

Jacobsen: If an individual member of the high-IQ community is interested in getting involved in real solutions to the problems of their locale or the world, what is the first step?

Sepulveda: First, identify which issues are important to you. Then look for local or online groups that work to resolve said issue. If they exist, join them and try to work with them to be as efficient as possible. If they don’t exist locally, consider founding such a group yourself.

Jacobsen: What types of things can advance making real contributions to community – local and global – on the part of a member of the high-IQ community?

Sepulveda: I tried to call attention to the myriad of problems hampering the community and offered several solutions that would greatly legitimize their claims of genuine intellectual superiority. But many people (especially the test designers whose works I’ve criticized) wouldn’t hear it. They seem to believe that their work is above reproach. One particularly arrogant designer asserts that his tests are ‘perfect’.

Jacobsen: How common is cheating on the alternative tests?

Sepulveda: Very common. I’ve learned that even those who consistently score highest aren’t above creating a false identity to take a test multiple times.

Jacobsen: How many IQ points do the alternative tests tend to inflate the scores of testees?

Sepulveda: According to the psychometrician for the ISPE, the best tests around can only accurately measure up to 150 (about 1:1,000). This is about 40 points lower than many tests being pushed throughout the community at large.

A good example would be my own scores. I got 15/16 questions correct on James Dorsey’s test Cosmic which he equated to a theoretical IQ of 174 based on the data supplied by 30 people.

In comparison, my performance on the Cattell’s Culturally Fair Test was around 135. This test has existed for many years and been taken by several thousand people. More than enough to validate it’s results and almost exactly 40 points lower than my Cosmic score.

Clearly, it’d be both presumptuous and arrogant of me to presume that I am an Olympic level ultra-genius based on the results of a flawed test. But I’d like to take a moment to acknowledge those aware of my ‘status’ or ‘ranking’ on the World Genius Directory.

Initially, I attempted to have myself ranked according to my results on the test Fiqure (162 first attempt). While it’s results are somewhat controversial, I had enough faith in Dr. Katsoulis (who accepts admission into the Helliq Society from the results of this test) to deem it acceptable for submission. But this wasn’t acceptable to the person in charge of the PSIQ website (despite there being several people listed under the ‘genius’ category based on their results from the very same test). So, I submitted my Cosmic results instead.

If the accuracy of the results don’t matter, why shouldn’t I be rated as high as I can? This is the crux of the problems within the High IQ Community.

Jacobsen: What parts of the Mensa International community have you taken part in?

Sepulveda: I used to interact with the international community on social media. But I recently concluded that such outlets can be an unhealthy distraction and deleted my accounts so I can focus on those closer to me.

Jacobsen: With the stagnant condition of the high-IQ community now, what are the alternatives in the forms of artistic or scientific societies, or some other alternatives? Areas or organizations in which intelligent individuals with particular focus can find a common ground and community to make some positive humanistic contribution to society.

Sepulveda: Intelligence is irrelevant if you want to find a group with similar interests. There is a plethora of art galleries and community services you can volunteer for. If you have any specific interest you’d like to pursue, just Google (for example – photography) groups in your area and I guarantee that anyone living in areas of dense enough population can find a group of like-minded individuals.

Within a few minutes of online enquiry, I was able to find several art galleries, political groups, writing and poetry clubs, a plethora of religious and nondenominational services, an adult sex education organization and a group of people that like to make functional mermaid outfits and swim together.

To be fair, I live in the Seattle area and will naturally have more options available to me than average. But I’m confident that anyone with a decent internet connection can find something of interest.

Jacobsen: Any submissions to your alternative test, yet?

Sepulveda: Yes. After a couple years there have been four submissions from three people. The highest score at the time of this interview is 25/50.

Jacobsen: Any further updates from the fallout of the Liam Millikan example? Any further commentary? As a community observer, it was intriguing as a phenomenon. Thank you for bringing it to my attention, too, by the way.

Sepulveda: You’re welcome.

It was very interesting to see how the community responded to it. Since then, however, it doesn’t appear to have had any long lasting effects. All the tests that were compromised are still available and accepted for admission into the various groups.

And I have yet to receive any contact from Mr. Millikan.

Jacobsen: Who are the most impressive alternative test-takers known in the high-IQ communities known to you? Why them? What makes their stature, as such, earned sufficiently to garner a respected reputation in the community?

Sepulveda: The only people that come to mind are Domagoj Kutle and Naoki Kouda. When I was using social media, Domagoj would regularly post the results he got on the wide variety of tests he’s taken. And while the tests may not be the best, I have to say it’s very impressive to do so well on so many. Many of them were very strange and I couldn’t get a handle on what they were going for.

As for Naoki, he’s been working on some very interesting spatial tests, has held the highest score on several difficult tests over the course of several years (irrelevant of validity, it’s a fairly impressive accomplishment) and is the only other person I’m aware of who’s been concerned about the quality of those used for admission.

Jacobsen: Are many people disillusioned with the state of the high-IQ communities at this time?

Sepulveda: I believe so. There are only few hundred active members of the community at the moment. And when anyone leaves such groups, they tend not to stay up to date on the comings and goings of them. So it’s entirely possible that such people are now a silent majority.

Jacobsen: Liam seems like a moral person who directed attention in a drastic presentation as to the flaws in some of the foundations of the community vis-à-vis its tests and testing methodologies. C’est la vie ‘Kana Kana,’ and “Hakuna Matata.” Random question: Do you own any animals?

Sepulveda: It may be impossible to determine Liam’s moral character definitively based on a single instance. All I can say with certainty is that I agree with him about the state of the community and the tests used for admission into it.

I hope I get a chance to understand him better in the future, but the odds of that happening are undeniably low. Feel free to pass along my contact info if he gets in touch with you.

No, I dedicate a lot of time to work, personal projects and other people. So I fear that owning a pet would inevitably lead to an unhealthy amount of neglect that it wouldn’t deserve.

Jacobsen: Why did so many older individuals in these societies, from the personal accounting – by you, simply quote famous intellectuals? It seems decidedly anti-intellectual.

Sepulveda: From my experience, the more average type of person would be impressed or intimated by the knowledge base or expertise of someone reciting famous quotes. It can give the impression of a high level of expertise with a difficult or esoteric subject, but it’s really just pretentious pomp. No more impressive than being able to remember what you had for dinner last week. Still they’ll keep doing it if people are more often impressed than not to feel good about themselves.

Being smart doesn’t change human nature.

Jacobsen: Is there a pattern of superficial thinking in some of the high-IQ communities?

Sepulveda: In general, that seems like a fair presumption.

Jacobsen: Have there been any further controversies or updates impactful to community relayed to you, since a reduction in time spent there?

Sepulveda: Not that I’m aware of.

Jacobsen: What might make the creation of alternative tests more honest in their representation of claimed IQ scores?

Sepulveda: The tests would need to be longer (50-200 problems), have a larger sample size for statistical accuracy (2,000 people minimum) and design the problems in such a manner that a majority of mental abilities are tested without requiring any specific knowledge. A decent test could be composed of problems similar to those on humanbenchmark.com and a variety of spatial and pure logic problems.

Jacobsen: How are you feeling about the Tango affair now?

Sepulveda: I used to experience a lot of mixed emotions whenever something reminds me of her (which happens quite often, even a year afterwards. Rarely does a day go by where she hasn’t been in my thoughts) – hurt, longing, anger and sympathy flood my brain and were quite difficult to manage. Since then I’ve made a lot of progress and only feel a certain amount of tension as I instinctively cease all thought until the initial response to such reminders come to an end.

As to the affair itself, if I imagine a scenario where I were to somehow able to place my current consciousness into my younger self, holding her close as we watched the moon rise or our first kiss… I guarantee my dumb ass would do it all over again.

Jacobsen: What is the extended sense of moral relativism when it comes to the real world? Obviously, you mean an empirical moral philosophy taking into account the real feelings and actions of individuals in the world rather than references to transcendental nothingness.

Sepulveda: Of course. In my opinion, transcendental philosophy isn’t grounded enough to reflect the everyday reality we all face. My understanding of moral relativity is founded on psychology.

I believe that, when faced with any divisive situation, the direction of everyone’s individual moral compass is directed by the average result of similar situations we’ve previously experienced.

Jacobsen: Your commentary on Tango was extensive and may not need much more. Have you found love again or hints of it?

Sepulveda: I don’t have much more to say on the subject beyond the details provided below. Almost anything else I could share would be entirely inappropriate for this outlet and incredibly disrespectful to Tango.

No, I have not yet been so lucky. But that’s okay. In the long run it’s probably better that I’ve been focusing on my mental well being.

Jacobsen: Why did Derek ask you how you were at work?

Sepulveda: I’ve never been one to hide how I feel. So it was plain as day to see that something traumatic had happened in my life. Any decent person would inquire and try to help, even if they could only listen. But he was the only one to do so, so it’s only right that I show him how much that meant to me.

Jacobsen: Why did Heidi give you her number and her time?

Sepulveda: Heidi is the owner of a local business I visit daily as part of my job. We met a few years ago when an old woman heard she was single and was trying to play matchmaker. At the time, I suggested that we just play along because it’d make the woman happy and that she would likely keep sending her suitors if we didn’t.

As mentioned above, my mood was easy enough to deduce. So, she offered me her number in case I needed someone to talk to. We talked for a while and even went out to lunch one afternoon (which was wonderful). There, we spoke openly for a few hours and I’m very grateful that she took the time to do so.

Jacobsen: What is the sense of only being heard and not listened to, in any moment? How was Jodi different in this respect, in listening?

Sepulveda: In all honesty, I chose to mention Jodi because she was a friend who was initially willing to let me express myself freely when most others didn’t and felt she deserved to mentioned as a courtesy. But in the time between when that part was published and this one, I’ve completely disassociated myself from her. We have a couple differences of opinion and, while any mature adult should be able to let such things slide, she’d use them as an excuse to start arguments with me at every opportunity. Which is a real shame. I greatly enjoyed talking with her.

Jacobsen: How did Elaine put up with you?

Sepulveda: As I mentioned in part 9, Tango is a lingerie model. So it should come as no surprise that she feels obligated to look a certain way. I grew concerned when I learned that she’d started skipping meals on a fairly frequent basis. So, alongside all the other things I did for her, I made sure that she was eating regularly.

As for Elaine, she is the office eye candy where I work and, unfortunately, has to put up with a lot of extra, completely unnecessary attention from others because of how she looks. I’m not proud to admit that I used be one such nuisance. But I’ve learned a lot and matured noticably as a direct result of meeting her. Now, I try to limit myself to maintaining a (mostly) professional relationship with her, only sticking around to see how she’s doing and/or share ridiculous jokes to make her laugh whenever I perceive that she’s feeling stressed.

One evening after the affair had ended, Elaine was feeling light headed and it turned out that she’d been skipping a few meals as well. I’d been so busy helping Tango every day (keeping her fed, helping her study, working out together via FaceTime, acting as personal security and literally messaging each other all day, every day for months on end) that I felt a vacuous hole in my life after she cut me out of hers. So I jumped at the first opportunity I could to resume that role. And, thankfully, she was receptive enough to my assistance to put up with me while I worked to resolve my anguish.

Jacobsen: Who is Julia? How did she spend time with you? What made this time different than other times?

Sepulveda: Julia was a pretty close friend that I first encountered during the affair. I’d made an offhanded remark about how being too clean during the pandemic could lead to autoimmune disease in some people and she quickly responded with a very, very well educated correction. Little did I know that she works as a lab tech at a local hospital and the last type of person I should be ignorantly speaking around. I was very impressed and wanted to ask for a chance to get to know her.

That opportunity arose shortly after the affair ended. We bumped into each other and, likely due to the combination of my obvious emotional state and her generous nature, she agreed to meet me at a local taproom. Now, it should go without saying that it would generally be very unwise for a young woman to meet up with a very upset man you don’t know and add alcohol to the mix, especially when you don’t have anything to benefit from the situation. But she did. And I am especially grateful to her for doing so. It was a very pleasant evening that did a lot of good for my mental state.

We then became pretty close friends over the course of several months, spending time together frequently at a number of bars and enjoying some of the best conversations I’ve had in years. But, sadly, I’m no longer in contact with her. Various factors that would be inappropriate and disrespectful to share prevented us from spending any more time together.

But that’s okay. I understand why it has to be this way and have nothing but gratitude and respect for her. She truly a wonderful person and I’m so thankful for the time she allowed me to share with her.

Jacobsen: What have been the critical times in life when your mother was there for you, while others were not?

Sepulveda: There are a plethora of examples I could give you. But for the sake of brevity and my ego, I’ll simply say that she’s been the most reliable person in my life and I am incredibly thankful that out of everyone living, I am lucky enough to be the son of the one I respect the most.

Jacobsen: How were you on a path towards prison in the path? How did Jess guide you away from it?

Sepulveda: Once or twice a week, every week, Tango would call me crying over something her husband had said or did. During the affair I would assure her that he was wrong, that no good man would hurt her like that and that it would all go away after the divorce was finalized. After the affair ended, before she cut me out, she continued to call me when things got bad. I soon began to feel culpable, that my knowledge of her situation and inactivity contributed to the pain felt by the one I loved most. Given the complex dynamic she’d established, I worried that she’d lose the courage to leave him. So, I considered all the options I had to help her and how much longer I could allow him to hurt her.

I began to actively consider killing her husband.

I didn’t know much about the photographer, but at least she never cried about him until the abortion.

I began to weigh the significance of my life against the odds that following through with this act would benefit the lives of Tango, her child, the photographer and all their descendents. As we know, children that grow up in abusive households often follow suit. So I asked those closest to me – how long do I let him hurt her until I make him stop?

Almost everyone responded in the same way. Saying that it isn’t an option because it was wrong, I’m a good guy and it’d destroy my future opportunities. They didn’t understand how much she meant to me, that under most circumstances I wouldn’t hesitate to sacrifice anything for the one I love.

Only Jess (a young woman I met through work that I spent my lunch breaks with every day) understood me well enough to help me see the truth. If her best friend killed her husband and went to prison, that would be the most traumatic thing to ever happen to her. She’d feel indescribably guilty and blame herself for everything (because she always does). And I knew her well enough to be certain she wouldn’t survive that.

Jess proved to me that I was wrong. That my actions attempting to save two lives would have a much higher risk of ending four.

I can’t thank her enough for that.

From now on everything I do is thanks to her. Every project I complete. Every laugh I share. Every second of freedom I experience is thanks to what she said that day.

I’ll never be able to thank her enough.

Jacobsen: Who is Harry? How did he keep engaging with you, keep you smiling?

Sepulveda: Harry is my closest friend. During that period, he spent a lot of time with me. Ghost of Tsushima had just launched the multiplayer option online and we were on it daily. This was important because I couldn’t focus on anything that didn’t require my immediate attention. So games became a very useful distraction (especially Senua’s Sacrifice and Days Gone, which allowed me to feel testosterone again. Fun fact – I loved those games so much I framed them upon completion).

You may recall that during that time I was so depressed I couldn’t even fake a smile. Not even my niece could pull one out of me. But about two months into this period, Harry invited me to his child’s gender reveal party. I went and was content to drink alone in the garage so as not to bring down anybody’s mood. Harry wouldn’t hear of it and kept me busy throughout the proceedings.

They started taking commemorative photos a few hours in and, as Harry has appointed me as godfather to his daughter, he and I had to get a few of us together. Now, due to him being overweight and the pair of us being absolute goofs, we naturally had to take one of me kissing his belly as though he were the one who was pregnant.

That was the first time I smiled in two months.

It was the first solid step in my recovery since losing Tango. I’m not sure I’d be alive today if not for that moment.

I could not be more grateful to have him in my life.

Jacobsen: And to Tango, last but not least, what is the lesson in moving on, moving forward, and looking ahead?

Sepulveda: I was forced to accept many hard truths from my experiences with Tango –

  1. Life isn’t fair. The outcomes we face don’t depend on what anyone deserves.
  2. You can’t always solve another person’s problems. Sometimes, no matter what you offer or how sound your argument is, you’ll never be able to alter another person’s perceptions or course in life. It’s up to that individual to accept their responsibility and better themselves on their own accord. To place any of that responsibility on yourself is unreasonable and will only add an unnecessary amount of stress to your life.
  3. Perhaps the most tragic lesson of all – some people don’t really know what it feels like to love and/or be loved.

This may seem like an arrogant assumption, but let me explain – Most emotions like sadness and anger are simple to understand due to their association with relatively specific circumstances. But love is unique insofar as that it is often confused by experiencing lust, jealousy and sympathy as you express it. So our understanding of love becomes muddled by the extra noise.

But stripped down to the truth, it’s plain to see that love isn’t really an emotion. It’s a motivating factor. To love is have the genuine, selfless desire to make someone feel happy. Whatever that requires.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, World Genius Directory.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 1, 2022: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-11; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Recapturing Everything: Member, World Genius Directory (11)[Online]. February 2022; 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-11.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, February 1). Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Recapturing Everything: Member, World Genius Directory (11)Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-11.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Recapturing Everything: Member, World Genius Directory (11). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A, February. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-11>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2022. “Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Recapturing Everything: Member, World Genius Directory (11).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-11.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Recapturing Everything: Member, World Genius Directory (11).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A (February 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-11.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Recapturing Everything: Member, World Genius Directory (11)In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-11>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Recapturing Everything: Member, World Genius Directory (11)In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-11.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Recapturing Everything: Member, World Genius Directory (11).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 29.A (2022): February. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-11>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Recapturing Everything: Member, World Genius Directory (11)[Internet]. (2022, February 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-11.

License and Copyright

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Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

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© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links February be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and can disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation Between Rick Rosner and Scott Jacobsen with Anonymous Moderator

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 29.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (24)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 1, 2022

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 11,711

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Rick Rosner is a Comedy Writer and a member of some high-IQ societies. With an anonymous moderator, we discuss: consciousness or awareness, information processing, Informational Cosmology, and derivations.

Keywords: awareness, consciousness, evolution, information, Informational Cosmology, Rick Rosner, Scott Jacobsen.

Conversation Between Rick Rosner and Scott Jacobsen with Anonymous Moderator

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*During the interview, when Rick or Scott mentions “We,” this, typically, refers to collaborative work, as in ‘our view,’ ‘we think,’ and so on. However, we retain modest disagreements on some points in theorizing.*

Rick Rosner[1],[2]*: Before we talk about what we were going to talk about, you think China is going to kick our asses.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: It seems in that direction, yes.

Rosner: I was going to describe some of the crap that I have bought online lately and talk about how crazy labour and tech intensive it is.

Jacobsen: How so?

Rosner: I bought my wife a ring for $2.19, including shipping on some container ship. It had 3 one carat each faceted synthetic sapphires. Someone or some computer had to facet each sapphire. It had a ring of gold over silver and something like 15 half point or 1/200th of a carat faceted white sapphires, which were probably done by a computer, for $2!

I bought my kid who is doing a paper on frogs…

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Rosner: A frog ring that has something like 50 stones, which means little tiny stones next to each other like pavement. Again, some gold over silver, some not, a polished cabochon topaz for $5. I bought my mom a ring for Mother’s Day for $1.82 with 14 faceted synthetic aqua marines and 2 dozen pave set tiny little white sapphires in the place of diamonds.

That is some combination between labor being ridiculously cheap, technology being high, and a bunch of yahoos running this country. They will be happy to chip away at us cheap crappy ring by cheap crappy ring.

That is why people said this stuff about Japan and Japanese cars. When they said it, they were right? Because American cars were really sucking, and Japan came in with great cars for the time. All right, do you want to move onto the next thing?

[Break]

Rick Rosner: In preparation for everyone coming, I have been thinking about IC a lot. I do not have to talk entirely out of my ass. IC is informational cosmology.

Anonymous Conversation Moderator: Okay.

Rosner: IC must be at least somewhat right for this to be right. But it seems as if there is at least the potential for accumulating evidence in several areas that would weigh in favour of IC, a universe that is an information processor and likely a conscious information processor.

Meaning that, the information it’s processing pertains to something.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Some big questions emerge from that first. Some first questions would amount to how the information is being processed, at what scales the information is being processed, why those scales of information processing, and how those relate to one another. We have discussed them.

Rosner: Yes, we have. But most of the answers are “we don’t know.” Some of the mechanisms seem reasonably persuasive.

Moderator: Do you need consciousness for information processing? Or can you have information processing in the absence of consciousness?

Rosner: I think that when you have a large, self-consistent information processor. It becomes efficient to have a central clearing house for things that are kind of automatic. Though, no computer on Earth, right now, is conscious.

Though, I might be wrong about that. There are suspicious things going on with Google Translate. The computers that have taught themselves to play Go. Just because something mysterious is going on in a computer does not mean that it is conscious. But it seems that if you have a large self-referential or self-monitoring system that is generating all sorts of information and the information is being shared among the various subsystems with the subsystems being the kind of Marvin Minsky subsystems.

That consciousness emerges out of that deal. That beyond a certain scale, you would almost have to engineer against it to not happen.

Moderator: Does something like this recursive looping structure that generates consciousness is out of the self-monitoring thing?

Rosner: Not exactly, because then, you get into falsities, ‘If you recognize yourself in the mirror, people can, but certain monkeys can’t, and dolphins.” All those are stabs at it. But a certain amount of self-recursion also gets involved with stabs at consciousness.

I would make this argument: that everything you think can be described in a sentence or a bunch of sentences. It would take a gazillion sentences to describe even a moment of what you’re thinking, but some of those sentences would be or could be self-referential, “I am sitting here. I am thinking about thinking how I think. I have an itchy neck. My eyes are tired. I am x years old. I am…”

The sentences that describe you being aware of you are no different in structure than the rest of the sentences that say there is a couch. There is a plaid blanket. There is an ab roller. There is a squeaky elephant. It seems the information involved with being consciousness, which is this strong level understanding what is going on, of modelling reality, and every part of your brain being informed by every other part of your brain or mind.

That is not a lot of specialness to sentences because they are all sentences describing what you are thinking. But a lot of them, probably the minority of them, refer to your awareness of yourself. They reflect that feeling that you have of being a thing that is aware in the world.

Although, you could design a computer that could design false sentences like this. We are thinking of sentences that authentically reflect what you are thinking.

Moderator: It seems as if you are using intentional language. This phenomenological subset statements that you are talking about, where we are talking about our own states. How we feel, our own emotions, images in our mind, that there is some position of consciousness vis-à-vis those items that we are describing or noticing in consciousness even prior to linguistic representation of those things.

Rosner: Yes.

Moderator: There is a difference between consciousness proper, in the awareness sense, and the contents of consciousness that arise in consciousness. That bifurcation allows those descriptions of those things to occur.

Jacobsen: Life would be hard too if we had to articulate every non-conscious set…

Rosner: Yes.

Jacobsen: …of statements or emergent set of statements. [Laughing] life would be almost unlivable. I know some reports of people who have eidetic memory, maybe 6 or 7 people in the world. By analogy, they remark on similar things.

They talk about the experience of the memory being so powerful in each moment, of something that is not happening in that moment, as at times unbearable. It would seem evolutionarily efficient to get rid of that simply by having a barrier.

Rosner: Yes, mental thrift, it is not even a substrate. But it is the feeling of experience. Consciousness is, basically, the hyper-felt experience. It does not have to be self-referential. There could be some sophisticated night watchmen software.

It could monitor a bunch of warehouses. The software would, maybe, not even be aware of what it is and where it is. It may simply be hyperaware to the point of being conscious to making judgments about what is going on.

I do not think that you can easily divorce value judgments from consciousness. Anyway, it could be hyperaware of the warehouses without being aware of itself. You can do without language, as with dogs and mice.

I would guess any mammal is conscious.

Moderator: I like it. I would follow a panpsychism that follows consciousness as an awareness. You could push down damn far, certainly evidence in animals. You could probably push down further.

Rosner: Maybe, most reptiles, it gets tricky with bugs.

Moderator: The problem of something so qualitatively different from concrete matter. How do you get that first thing? If it is not a fundamental feature of reality, which I thought you were hinting at.

Rosner: No, I think it is an emergent characteristic of certain large self-consistent, self-informing information processing systems.

Jacobsen: That sounds like an unavoidable derivative. Something that by the nature of the structure brings about certain forms of information processing that have consciousness as an output.

Rosner: Yes, if every subsystem is sharing on a broadband basis with every other subsystem, and being understood, you have something that functions like consciousness.

Moderator: I see. Okay.

Rosner: Although, lately, we have been talking about what an enormous pain in the ass it would be…

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Rosner: …and how expensive informationally it would be if there had to be a language or a bunch of languages having to share information among the brain’s or the mind’s various subsystems, which suggests there is a lot of tacit understanding going on.

It sounds like as-if understanding, which has echoes of quantum computing – which I don’t understand at all. But it does a lot of computation on a multi-conditional, as-if basis.

Moderator: Are we talking about communication between subsystems of the brain like the emotional subsystem?

Rosner I don’t know. It seems reasonable to say there is a sub-system in the brain for language. At the same time, you don’t know if it is localized or only partly localized and then spread through the brown.

What exactly when you think of an orange or the color orange, what is lighting up? What is communicating that information? Does every part of the brain need to understand language in order to understand that orange is being thought of? It seems super redundant and would eat up all the possible information.

There has to be a way to act as if it understands a bunch of stuff, where it isn’t being explicitly informed about that stuff. It is kind of the way that you look at a painting. You only have this frickin’ 2-inch in diameter part of your visual field that can see precisely.

You don’t notice because your eyes wander the painting and then fill in the painting, in your head, as if you have seen the entire painting. Even though, you have only seen the painting in bits.

Anyway, everything is a pain in the ass.

Moderator: [Laughing].

Jacobsen: [Laughing] If you look at the field of psychology, it has problems too. It has problems in its own set of epistemologies. There does seem to be a fragmentation of its knowledge, but a fragmentation of its methodology in acquiring knowledge.

If you look at evolutionary psychology, I believe feminist psychology, cognitive psychology, etc., these different fields use different methodologies and different statistical tools. Those methodologies and statistical tools simply amount to different epistemologies about how the brain operates or how to gain knowledge about how the brain operates.

So, you could imagine all knowledge about the mind as a black sphere that each discipline is providing partially overlapping but distinct lights on that sphere. But even in the academic main, things are not necessarily providing too much help as well.

These are deep questions.

Rosner: Yes, to the point, where we talked about, people just gave up on it in the 1930s.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Rosner: “Black box, behaviorism, we just won’t worry about it.”

Moderator: Yes, I would look at the ontological ramifications of there being multiple epistemologies and methodologies in such a way that you have to acknowledge that there’s an equally valid and ontologically potent subjective domain that’s worthy of examination not strictly from the third-person, scientific, empirical point of view.

One from another set of phenomenological views. There are many other ways of examining this realm.

Rosner: I’d argue – and we’d argue – that much of this gets cleaned up once there is a mathematics of consciousness, at least in terms of what we’re talking about.

Jacobsen: Yes.

Rosner: Once you have that, what we have been talking about, you have a bunch of definite frameworks to look at the information contained in consciousness through. One is assuming the universe is made of information. That information pertains to something that is not just describing itself.

So, you have the universe as we experience it, living in an information space that is our physical space with the rules of physics. Then you have the armature space that, by analogy, if you argue we have a mind, we have brains. And if we didn’t have minds, we wouldn’t have brains.

If the universe is made of information, then there needs to be a physical structure apart from the universe and accessible to the universe that allows the information that the universe is made of to exist.

Moderator: Like a medium?

Rosner: Like our brain.

Moderator: Okay.

Rosner: Our minds do not give us access to – unless, we go to med. school or work in a lab – our brains. So, you’ve got our minds as we experience them through consciousness. You have the information space that might exist as a map of the information in an individual consciousness.

You have the brain without which the mind couldn’t exist. Then you have the universe as this thing that is doing its own thing informationally. But those processes allow for life to arise and us to experience that information space as a physical realm.

You have like four things, or three. Anyway, several.

Jacobsen: From what I can tell, those amount to a set of rules or principles of existence. Something like a physics, or where the rules of physics become emergent phenomena. You have the universe as the information itself. You have almost the gestalt representation of that information. Then you have the armature from which the rest derive.

Rosner: Yes.

Jacobsen: It becomes a complicated thing. It is a complexification thing.

Rosner: But it gets all cleaned up if there is a mathematics of consciousness. And there should be! There is no reason for there not to be. Because consciousness as a moment to moment picture of the shared information within your mind is an actual thing.

It should be describable mathematically.

Jacobsen: The universe can be described by mathematics. The brain is part of the universe that can be described by mathematics. Therefore, the mind can be described by mathematics. It would simplify the whole process.

Moderator: So, let’s say that I can derive equations to describe the emotional state or sensory state that you undergo when you eat an ice cream cone, I have that set of equations. It captures perfectly this integrated information system in which every part of the brain is communicating. It totally captures it.

I look at that equation. It feels to me something is lost, where I then have to somehow translate that again into a subjective experience that I can internalize, empathize, with. If I do not have the additional step, I am not fully capturing everything.

I have objectively described the brain.

Rosner: I think that is a problem with the whole thing. In that, I do not think it is a set of equations. I think it is an information map that conforms to certain principles, to mathematical rules. You can probably boil it down to a gazillion equations or a zillion numbers that get plugged into a framework.

Not exactly a matrix, but not exactly not a matrix, then you have metaphysical questions. These arise, “If that describes an emotional state or a state consciousness that exists, then why isn’t it conscious?”

Then you have to argue that it isn’t conscious because you don’t really get consciousness in action. Unless, you have a series of these moments stringed together. Each of which describes a moment flowing into another moment.

Moderator: It hasn’t been transduced. So, it would be like raw information that hasn’t been acted upon or something. Like, the equations themselves.

Rosner: Yes, but once you have the math of it –

Moderator: It is like have a floppy disk.

Rosner: Yes.

Moderator: [Laughing] it has the information, but it is not running, maybe.

Rosner: Except, it contains the information that embodies that self-awareness. But since it is only one moment, maybe, it doesn’t last long. It doesn’t describe enough moments because consciousness only lasts for an instant. It is not really consciousness.

Maybe, if you had a floppy disk that had ten moments or a hundred moments or something that described moment-by-moment 23 seconds within a human awareness, you could, maybe, argue that on that disk is an extended moment of consciousness, but maybe not.

Moderator: To me, it seems like a way of transferring. If you are adept enough at reading the equations or have a way or translating that into your own information space, it is like the medium through which you can pass the information and recreate it in your own brain that has the structure to.

Rosner: I don’t know if you should need to do that. The information space, the map, or the description of it should boil down to something that looks like a quantum mechanical description of an almost entirely self-contained cosmos or world, but a teeny one.

The math that would contain all the potentials – the open questions – that would be solved quantum mechanically in subsequent moments. So, you could have a model consciousness that actually functions as consciousness as long as it functioned as a quantum mechanical little universe that was unfolding with your floppy disks plugging in the information, the new information, that’s required for the thing to go from moment to moment.

Jacobsen: The continuity coming from a set of implied pasts and a narrow set of possible futures within an instantiated moment.

Rosner: Yes, a narrowed set. As you know with quantum mechanics, the whole debate and what freaked out Einstein. Quantum mechanics explicitly cannot predict entirely what is going to happen. It has openings where new information has to be plugged in.

But as long as you have this little engine and the information to plug in for moment to moment, you can have a model consciousness conscious for 23 seconds, or how ever long you can make it run depending on the capacity of the disk.

There was a brutal and great science fiction story by David Marusek called The Wedding Album. In the future, on happy occasions, people have not only their photographs taken, but the technology also records their awareness.

The story is about the portrait of the awareness of a bride on her wedding day, and how she struggles over many decades to be acknowledged as a sufficiently conscious entity, which is tough for her because this portrait of consciousness runs into problems.

It was early technology. She isn’t as fully conscious as the products of later technology that could better capture consciousness. It is one of my favourite stories.

Moderator: What is the structure of this technology?

Rosner: I think he dances around that.

Moderator: It is not equations on a page.

Rosner: No, but it is something on a disk or the futuristic equivalent of a disk.

Moderator: Sure.

Jacobsen: There are some tacit assumptions floating around in the conversation, such as the insertion of new information. Perhaps, that leads to new questions. If you want to include it, I leave that to you.

Rosner: We got some questions. We should mention Lisa Feldman Barrett who is a constructivist. There are two schools of thought in contemporary neuroscience. One is constructivist, which is Lisa Barrett’s point of view, which is that we are not born with a lot of evolved specialist systems – particularly with regard to emotions.

She wrote this book called How Emotions Are Made. She argues that based on the neuroscience done by her and other research, comparative psychology across the world. What we think are basic emotions, that are hardwired into our brains through evolution are, really, cultural artefacts.

She argued about schadenfreude. This was a thing that was super common in Germany, but didn’t really start showing up in America until we turned into a bunch of pricks. It is seeming like a basic emotion to Germans. It is a novel emotion to us.

There are certain cultures that don’t feel fear or anger the way that we do. But we feel that fear and anger are these very basic things. She says, “We have basic physical reactions. But beyond that, a lot of stuff is cultural constructs.”

So, there are constructivists or essentialists. Something like that who say, “No, that stuff is here.” She also argues that the brain exists to predict what is going to happen in order to get your reactions – your body ready – to best manage what is going to happen in every next instant.

So, when you talk about the information that needs to be supplied as consciousness unfolds, that information comes from the world, which includes sensory input and also what we’re thinking from other parts of our brain.

The stuff gets filled in. All these questions get answered in the same way that it is an open question at the beginning of a game, a sports game, what the final score is going to be. You have to let the game happen for that open question to be answered.

Consciousness is a bunch of open questions plus predictions, which is reminiscent of a quantum mechanical system that is only partially determined as it goes into the future with the rest of the determination being filled in by the unfolding of time.

Jacobsen: There was the other premise of the insertion of information in a finite system. Right, one big thing is the aspect of finite systems for universe and for minds in it.

Rosner: Yes, for anything that includes an infinity, it is kind of suspect.

Jacobsen: So, it is a particular type of infinity too. This also implies things that we talked about before around limitations in digit span in terms of the oneness of one and the twoness of two.

Rosner: Yes, you and I have talked a lot about the principles of existence. Principles rather than rules because rules seem set from the word “Go.” Principles seem, at least the way that we understand them, kind of emergent.

Things need certain characteristics to exist. Which means, they have to persist across time. They have to be non-contradictory or, at least, self-non-contradictory.

Jacobsen: Which leads to another question, “Why persist?”

Rosner: Because if something exists for zero time, it doesn’t exist, which is kind of a circular argument.

Jacobsen: It is also based on a statistical argument. That things are more likely to exist than not exist. It amounts to a statistical argument for existence.

Rosner: Hold on, let’s do that, then let’s go back to numbers. Where the base assumption for both religious people and for scientific people is that you don’t get something for nothing, the world we live in is something.

Something had to have created it. The assumption behind that is nothing is the default state. In the absence of some force or creator, you’ve got nothing. But there is an alternate point of view that I kind of embrace, I think that you do to some extent.

Jacobsen: Yes, I do.

Rosner: That the principles of existence are not so tight that they prohibit all existence. That some existence is allowed. That there is a set, maybe, because of the set of all things that exist might be so complicated that it cannot exist as a set.

There is, for the sake of argument, a set of all possible worlds that can exist. That set contains, at least, our world. By reasonable assumptions, a potential infinity or near infinity of other worlds.

Jacobsen: I have musings about that too [Laughing]. Go ahead.

Rosner: So, statistically, there is only one null world. There is only one world that doesn’t exist because it contains no space, no time, no mass, no information. The odds that that’s, when you’re picking worlds as random – which you can’t do because of the Anthropic Principle, just the default world; it’s just statistically super unlikely.

Jacobsen: It amounts to a simple twist to centuries of philosophizing on it. You can’t get something from nothing. Why not?

Rosner: Why is nothing the thing? Anyway, to get back to numbers, numbers are really effective in the world. Both as their own system of things and as their own way of counting things. When you use numbers, you are using things that are infinitely precise without realizing that you’re trading in infinities.

The number “1” is really “1.0000000…” out to infinity. Every counting number is infinitely precise. That allows numbers to work in very powerful ways.

Jacobsen: I love that.

Rosner: Yes. Numbers are imaginary. So, you get into not bad trouble because we live in a universe that has 10^85th proton-sized particles. It feels infinite in a lot of ways because it has so much stuff in it, and is so precisely defined, until you get down to quantum levels.

You don’t get much trouble when you talk about one apple. When you go around saying, “I saw one apple. I saw two goats. I saw three Camaros,” you’re probably going to be okay. Unless, you got a quick glimpse of them and were testifying in court.

There is not numerical perfection necessarily in the world because the world is finite and we have a finite amount of information with which to describe and understand it.

Jacobsen: I would love to see the court case with the apple, the goat, and the Camaro.

Rosner: What happened?

Jacobsen: [Laughing] If you look at the statistical emergence of phenomena through principles of existence rather than rules or laws, and with numbers as finite in a finite universe to be able to handle the information to produce numberishness about things, then that does provide a basis for a certain type of dynamism in the sets described before.

You mentioned this universe as part of a set, but each instantiation is different. That implies a certain set of sets of our universe, which does have a certain dynamism about it.

Rosner: I don’t know what exactly you mean. Except, the universe might reasonably be described as a string of present moments. Each of which is picked from among the set of all possible next moments.

With a bunch of caveats about how there is so much information, and so much of the information is quantumly fuzzy, that the mathematics of pegging things as specific moments probably needs all sorts of development and clarification.

But you could probably build model worlds. That’s when you’re starting to learn quantum mechanics. They start you off with a model world of one particle down a potential well, one fuzzy thing. You could probably build fuzzy little worlds from there and then extend.

Let’s talk about how I kind of see IC as possibly in the future getting to the point of kind of being like Wegener’s theory of continental drift. It is a theory with a lot of evidence pointing to it. To the point of it being increasingly obvious, that it is something that is a viable theory.

Jacobsen: What are the pointers?

Rosner: Wegener was an Arctic explorer among other things. He fought in WWI. During and after that, in the early ‘20s, he published some papers looking at the geologic evidence. There is an argument to be made that all of the continents were unified as one continent in the past.

We have talked about how at some point metaphysics and physics will have to be reunified to be effective. Science has avoided metaphysics for a long time. At some point, science should be able to answer some of that questions that is has denied to answer for a long time because they were too tough.

Jacobsen: Yes [Laughing].

Rosner: Wegener argued it was time during his era for geology and geography to start working together again. I just read that in Wikipedia as I was getting ready to talk about this stuff.

Jacobsen: There is a notion. And it is not accurate. The notion is modern. The notion being science is divorced from philosophy. If you look at the history of it, science was natural philosophy. It amounted to a branch of philosophy.

So, natural philosophers, which are now scientists, amounted to and still equate to applied philosophers. So, there become philosophers of a type, but more functional in their approach and applied in their approach.

Rosner: They took over because they got the results.

Moderator: Yes, it is a lot more effective [Laughing] than a kind of a blind metaphysics that isn’t informed by, especially, modern science.

Jacobsen: It’s like Thales, right? “Everything is water.” How is this relevant? What technology is this going to produce? So, we become mystified by our own powerful technological sophistication and scientific discoveries that are allowing us to produce those technologies, but the basic assumptions, for instance, from Sean Carroll, come out when he says, ‘Conclude.’

In other words, a natural conclusion of science is naturalism. Of course! If you look at the history of it, it is grounded in natural philosophy. So, if you forgot the history, then you’ll derive naturalism. It is almost like forgetting your feet, and seeing out in the world, and looking down, and then finding your feet again.

Rosner: So, there are some feet to be found with what we’re doing, which is mathematicize consciousness. Also, with the implications of consciousness being a widely emergent phenomenon, which is a dangerous way to characterize consciousness because it then sounds to people like you’re saying trees and rocks have consciousness, and that the healing amethyst, you’re selling for 20$…

Jacobsen: …I have a crystal in my water. And now, it is filtered [Laughing].

Rosner: Yeah, no, we’re not saying any of that. Systems of information processing, people who promote Intelligent Design or creationists. They like to say that you don’t get eyes without God. Yet, if you look at the evolutionary record, eyes pop up all over the place.

Independently, a number of different times in evolutionary history because they are super helpful and have an easy series of evolutionary steps, where each step is helpful. Like, wheels don’t evolve because it is tough to get wheels.

The steps leading to wheels might not be helpful. You have a patch on your skin detects brightness. Then you start building lenses. After a while, if you’re lucky, you get eyes.

Jacobsen: You can Google it. You can pick a sense or you can pick an ability like echolocation. You can Google it. You can come up with multiple examples of independently evolved senses or abilities.

Rosner: You can argue intelligence is a thing that has emerged, at least, more than once. Octopuses are tragically smart evolved molluscs, which barely have brains.

Jacobsen: If they had a rock band, they would name it that, “Tragically Smart.”

Rosner: Yes, tragically smart because they are super smart and only live for two years – most of them. They have the possum model of reproduction.

Moderator: I see.

Rosner: Spit out a bunch of low quality organisms…

Jacobsen: …[Laughing]…

Rosner: …because most of them are going to get eaten.

Moderator: Okay.

Rosner: Octopuses, some of the really cool ones have a liquid crystal display across their body. Their bodies are TV screens. It is a great mechanism. But after 2 years, it starts peeling off of them. They start falling apart.

Moderator: In that context, it is amazing how effective human natural languages are for communication versus anything else that has been evolved. I mean, you have organisms like octopi that have these strange skins that can do all these things. These things that can morph and change colors.

They seem to be very remarkable and technological breakthroughs evolutionarily speaking for transmitting information.

Rosner: But they don’t do what words do.

Moderator: Yes [Laughing].

Rosner: I also think it helps not to live underwater [Laughing].

Moderator: [Laughing] that’s true. That’s true.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Moderator: Dolphins are pretty damn smart.

Rosner: Yes. But they still need an occasional crazy person to jack them off.

Moderator: That’s true.

Rosner: Every couple of years, somebody gets arrested.

b[Laughing] sex with dolphins. That’s a whole movement.

Jacobsen: [Laughing] also the name of a band.

Rosner: Editing Noesis was a kind of a lesson or a cautionary deal. But I would get stuff from retired high school teachers.

Jacobsen: Really?!

Rosner: Yes, saying, “Einstein was wrong,” with pages and pages of equations, which made me not want to talk about my stuff until I could talk about it without some concrete stuff that didn’t seem like bullshit.

But on the other hand, I have had to start talking about my stuff, even if it sounds bullshitty because of the march of time.

Jacobsen: Well, one comment I can give to everything, in doing research in terms of trying to do interviews with some of the people who have above 4 standard deviation IQs…

Rosner: Let’s characterize. IQs are set to have a mean or an average of 100. The standard deviation on adult IQ tests is a way to measure the rarity of certain scores. A standard deviation on most IQ tests is 16.

1/6th, roughly, of the population is supposed to score one standard deviation above the mean, above 116. 1/6th is supposed to score one standard deviation below the mean or 84. So, it goes 1/6th of the population scores above 116. One person in 44 scores above 132. One person in 750 is supposed to score above 148. One person in 30,000 is supposed to score above 164.

It doesn’t work exactly that way. There are outliers. But you’re talking about a person with above 4 standard deviations above the mean. It is someone you should find at 1 in 30,000 level.

Jacobsen: It also depends on the test, the test maker, and the country.

Rosner: Some tests are slutty.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Moderator: [Laughing].

Jacobsen: I don’t mean the online ones that try to make you feel good. I mean 16 is most common, or 15 or 24.

Rosner: Yes.

Jacobsen: Most of the mainstream ones, they would go to 4 standard deviations or 164 with a 16 SD.

Rosner: Yes.

Jacobsen: But I’m sure, you, in terms of research of people who you find of interest. You have to do some background reading. Some of the more casual stuff that is more easily graspable. I will buy the people’s ebooks and then read those. I have written on Creationism in Canada.

In terms of the more high-level stuff, I would leave that to the people in that world who have that background or professionalism. Yet, in terms of things like pseudoscience, e.g., Irreducible Complex, in particular, which is one branch of Intelligent Design, I did interview Michael Behe and have written about Intelligent Design.

He is, as far as I know, one of the founders of the Intelligent Design movement. So, the poster child, as it’s called, of Intelligent Design for a long time was the flagellar motor, which is built out of 30 or 40 amino acid parts.

Rosner: That wheel, it is one of the few things that actually works like a wheel.

Jacobsen: It is an efficient system. Then Kenneth Miller, who is a biologist at Brown University, I did an interview with him as well. I published them side-by-side because they are Roman Catholics. I wanted to put them together.

I asked them relatively fair questions. They gave several thousand words. I used some of the same references in those publications. When I published both of those interviews, the response that I found in some of the research – though, this was a few years ago, so I may be misremembering some of this – was the Type III Secretory System, which is a broken down model of the flagellar motor that is used to inject poison.

It is based out of fewer parts. So, it amounted to someone seeing a transitional fossil, asking, “Where is the transitional fossil?” Then someone showing them the transitional fossil. This sort of thing.

The Type III Secretory System amounted to a pre- from which you would get the flagellar motor. It is simpler mechanism built out of relatively the same parts. The idea of the irreducible complexity is that you cannot get a simpler system than a flagellar motor.

Rosner: But somebody did find one.

Jacobsen: Somebody found a simpler model of the Type III Secretory System.

Moderator: Did Michael Behe accept the finding?

Jacobsen: That is a good question. I would have to look it up again. I do not suspect it. Or he may point to things like the immune system. Things like this. I think one thing in terms of a fairness of representation: Intelligent Design with Dembski and Behe, young earth creationists and old earth creationists, and theistic evolutionists, and unguided naturalistic evolution, which is the main theory.

Those five settings, Intelligent Design as one. Young earth creationism like Bishop James Ussher counting the ages in the Bible and counting back. Old earth creationism accepting the age of the earth at 4.54 billion years or something like this. Then theistic evolutionists accepting evolution, accepting the age of the earth, and then saying, “God did it,” in essence.

‘Man was part of the plan.’ This is one of the rhymes, I think [Ed., not really]. Then unguided evolution is the majority or, I would assume, most of the National Academy of Sciences would accept those ones.

In terms of an accurate and fair representation, I think those five are more fair.

Moderator: So, what about Stuart Kauffman’s take? He kind of falls into a different understanding. I remember there was an Intelligent Design reader that had a similar breakdown. That I think was edited by Dembski and, I think, by Behe as well.

Jacobsen: Okay.

Moderator: They had Ken Miller arguing the standard neo-Darwinian model. They had Stuart Kauffman arguing something involving complexity and chaos and the stuff done at the Sante Fe Institute, which strikes me as the most reasonable kind of skepticism towards a strictly materialistic, neo-Darwinist approach.

That might not make room for certain somewhat intelligent feedback systems or seemingly unconventional forms of intelligence in the evolutionary process. It might have the wherewithal to make room, for instance, of an information universe, the neo-Darwinist model in a way.

Although, it relies heavily on information in terms of its understanding of genetics. I don’t know where I was going with that.

Rosner: That’s at least twice. I would guess that there have been other instances, but I don’t know. Anyway, that it arose on Earth twice argues that it probably has arisen. There are 10^22 stars in the universe.

If you do the Drake Equation, it is likely to have arisen in a bunch of places. It may even be a part of the information that comprises the universe itself. There’s a whole metaphysics around that.

In that, if consciousness, experiencing the world that we experience it – three spatial dimensions and one temporal dimension – and the other stuff that goes along with it, is the way that the world understands itself, then there are philosophical and ethical arguments to be made.

It is not as disheartening a universe as a cold, random evolution universe. Although, it is not the best news in the world either.

Jacobsen: [Laughing] this is true.

Rosner: Anyway, back to it, you were talking about ID people.

Jacobsen: Yes, so, the vast majority of practicing biologists and the elite scientists such as those in the National Academy of Sciences adhere to unguided evolution. So, if they have a faith that has supernatural or metaphysical elements to it, they will put that aside in the laboratory, but will then begin continuing to enact their faith in their place of worship.

I think that is their right to freedom of conscience, freedom of belief, and freedom of religion in that sense. But I think, often, the young earth creationists, the ones that build arks like Ken Ham, the old earth creationists, and the Intelligent Design people get lumped together, but that part seems unfair to me because they do have differences that can be differences of a few billion years in terms of their acceptance of the age of the earth on one metric – to extend an olive branch of compassion, for instance, in terms of the representation of their own worldview in an accurate way. Is that fair?

Moderator: I think that’s totally fair. I actually got into this argument when I was an undergrad. In a philosophy of science class, a relatively well-known thinker came and visited and gave a lecture. I was quite interested in this debate at the time. I was writing a paper and presenting it. My professor was not buying the distinction I was making between Intelligent Design folks and creationists.

But there seems to be a clear distinction to say, “At certain points evolutionary history, there are some morphologies or outcomes, or whatever, or subsystems, or maybe even whole species, that seem to signify some kind of intelligent cause or mechanism.”

Because they are agnostic about that in a way. Although, most of them are of the Judeo-Christian persuasion. They want to insert that divine source. You could leave it open for some Lamarckian system.

You have some primitive eye. You have a mutative moment that was not random, but, maybe, it arose from some feedback with the environment or some other process that we’re yet aware of. That strikes me as opening up a door to a new research program.

But if you’re going to say, “We have proved that this is a divine or a theological intervention because you can’t reduce the complexity of the eye if you take away one piece and whatever. So, you can’t have precursors.”

I buy the argument that most evolutionary biologists make against Intelligent Design in that it is an anti-science program.

Rosner: I got two things. The mainstream media that Lance says is brainwashing me. When it does talk about Intelligent Design, it often characterizes Intelligent Design people as sneaky evolutionists, which is probably true for some and not true for others.

Jacobsen: What does “sneaky evolutionists” mean?

Rosner: I suspect that animals themselves are not completely dumb when it comes to understanding their own abilities or lack of abilities, especially stressed animals who have to take wild gambles to reproduce, to survive, might have slightly increased mental flexibility than the dumb jock animals.

They may not be able to exactly breed themselves, but may be able to engage in cultural evolution to grease the wheels long enough for genetic evolution, in some cases, to catch up.

Moderator: Do you think genetic stuff opens new pathways?

Rosner: Yes, instead of talking about random mutations where some frog will have a couple extra toes, you might have a part of a bigger package, where a frog can see in the infrared or something.

Epigenetics to me means options packages on cars. You get nuts and bolts, and stuff that is close to working.

Moderator: We are discovering more and more how environment impacts gene expression. Gene expression and the products of the gene expression are constraining meiosis and the formation of sperm or egg cells, and that whole process.

In some way, there is a relationship between the environment and the creation of the sperm or eggs that carry the genetic information that’s making it way through.

Jacobsen: If you look at the selection pressures on us throughout evolutionary history, some big factors that have become more understood than in Darwin’s day have been sexual selection and kin selection.

People and other animals select based on various factors relevant to kin and sex. When it comes to influence on, not only gene selection but, the development of the fetus, in developmental psychology, they talk about teratogens.

Things that are poisonous to a fetus in development in the womb. Some obvious ones would be alcohol. We see cases with FAS kids. But I believe some research, though preliminary or not advanced much, are pregnant mothers who are obese passing on the gene expression to their children for obesity.

Rosner: And in general, evolution grabs any easy opportunity and some less than easy opportunities to transmit information. I know a guy. We have the genome. We have people working on what the expression of every gene is.

But my buddy claims that that’s nowhere near enough. You need to find interaction among the systems of the body on all possible or among all possible scales.

Moderator: Interesting.

Rosner: Because evolutionary pressure, any kind of leak or niche that it can flow into. It’ll take advantage of it, which means our bodies are filled. It includes interactions among us, and other species. They are filled with all sorts of unknown feedback loops.

Just because they have all been exploitable, because whatever works, works.

Jacobsen: That good enough principle in evolution does reflect, a little bit, the emergence of the principles of existence, of the type of universe allowed.

Rosner: You don’t necessarily have set rules. You have whatever allows something to persist.

Jacobsen: Now, there might be premature conclusions or derivations from people. Some might take the Teilhard de Chardin notion of some development to an Omega Point.

Rosner: You can always go too far. I mean, the history of trying to figure out consciousness is the history of people getting it wrong.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Rosner: Anyway, let’s talk about IC and places where there could be evidence that points in the direction of IC, one aspect of IC is that: if the universe really is acting like an information processor or a thinking machine, basically, that doesn’t seem consistent with Big Bang physics.

Big Bang physics seems like a single thought playing itself out or a calculator that blows up after one calculation.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Rosner: You want a steady progression from the universe now to the universe later to the universes having resembling to one another. Not an exact constant over time, but a regularity. It should have similarity across time.

That is a physical principle. You like things consistent across space or across time. The Big Bang, there is no special point in space. But every point in time is special because every point is different, because every point in time has a different sized universe.

So, IC says, “No, it just looks like that. The universe is roughly, within some statistical variation, the same size across vast spans of time.” It means the universe is much older that it appears to be. One of the huge places for the Big Bang universe to be at risk is if there is stuff in the universe that is older than the apparent age of the universe.

That could include brown dwarfs, which are old burned out stars of a certain size. That cool very slowly because it is not easy for them to lose heat. The way they radiate, they are limited in how they lose heat.

Maybe, they found some brown dwarfs that are much cooler than they should be given the age of the universe. You can look at the early universe and massive black holes, and junk like that. That seem to have formed much faster than they would have had time to have formed.

Galaxies and massive black holes should have taken a few hundred million years to form. As they look back, they find stuff less old than that. So if a lot of that stuff keeps popping up, that’s bad for the Big Bang and good for IC.

Also, dark matter, if the universe is super old, dark matter does not need to be exotic. It could be old burned out stars. They are just hard to see. Yes, they would form a galactic halo because that’s the best place to be to not get knocked out to either into the center of the galaxy or out of the galaxy entirely.

The old stuff is hard to see. It is on the outskirts, where it can orbit undisturbed. There are the galactic filaments, which are these strings that the universe while uniform overall has huge strings and walls of galaxies.

That are more than a hundred million light years across, which suggests a way for old galaxies to be lit up again. If you can light up a whole string of a galaxies in a row, it might be the wiring of the universe.

Jacobsen: So, you would have a bunch of proton rich galaxies that would burn down into neutron rich galaxies, but could be reignited by the resurgence of a certain type of particles.

Rosner: If you have big fluxes of neutrinos and probably other stuff that gets gravitationally lensed from crashing into other galaxies along the line, we were calling it, hotwashing it. If you dipped an old burned out galaxy into the energetic mess that is the universe close to the apparent beginning of time, you might be able to hose it down with enough stuff to unlock a bunch of neutrons and lock them down into protons.

Or you could bring in a bunch of new matter, protons. They would boil down to stars. Then you’ve lit up the galaxy again. You’ve got dark energy, which is needed to make the universe expand in the kind of weird non-Big Bang-y ways that it is thought to expand now.

In the early days of the Big Bang, people thought that there was one initial expansion, explosion, and then we’ve decelerating ever since. Now, it seems the universe is accelerating. Maybe, there is a cleaner reason with the universe being made of information rather than some weird stuff going on with the cosmological constants.

Jacobsen: Also, the Big Bang would not be a single big bang but a series of little big bangs.

Rosner: In IC, it is a rolling series of bangs.

Moderator: What happened with inflation during the time of uniform distribution of hydrogen before you had some quantum fluctuation that gave rise?

Rosner: I don’t know much about inflation. But it happened within the first quintillionth of a second. There are various eras. There is the Microwave Background Radiation, where photons are thought to have come from.

The end of the first period of ionization. That if you have a bunch of matter, just free electrons and free protons because there is too much energy, that is opaque to light, because it is a big soupy mess.

But once electrons start locking into position around protons, the universe becomes transparent. There is probably a couple dozen eras. That is 300,000 years after the Big Bang. With expansion probably occupying the first teeny, hottest, soupiest, energetic part of time, one more thing, quantum mechanics, itself, is super informationey.

It is what happens when you don’t have complete information. You’ve got all this stuff. Much of it points to an information processing universe rather than a just straight out Big Bang.

[Break]

Rosner: You have the life of somebody manic without being manic.

Moderator: [Laughing].

Jacobsen: [Laughing] I will reluctantly cop to that. So, I didn’t answer the question earlier from when the call cut. Not only around biology stuff, but I have interviewed people in Rick’s world. You need to do a lot of reading.

That’s one group. You can go down the listings. You can find various qualities of them. You can find various levels of approachability. By which I mean, some are humble about their gifts. Some are not.

You can tell by the titles that they give themselves. You can also tell by the accessibility that they provide of themselves to the public.

Rosner: That brings up a thing. Yes, I am a dumbass genius because I found a niche that I think is exploitable. My skills do not lie in forming a sex cult [Ed., referencing Keith Raniere].

Moderator: [Laughing].

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Rosner: Although, young me wanted to get famous for doing physics and then go on the Tonight Show and go in a helicopter with my Playboy Bunny girlfriend.

Jacobsen: Pause, for those who do not know the reference, the “sex cult” was a reference of NXIVM or Keith Raniere.

Rosner: I think this is going to be a part of the whole project. That is not my niche. Colossuses stride the world, a big burly man, I had my big, burly days. I was never super burly. I’ve been kind of clowney. It has saved me from being fired in many jobs.

“That guy is crazy, just leave him alone.”

Moderator: [Laughing].

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Moderator: Don’t you think you have certain personality traits prior to developing a strategy.

Rosner: Yes, it is not a full beta cuck snowflake. It is like an A- or Alpha Minus, Beta Plus male.

Jacobsen: You lost me.

Rosner: I can be alpha-y. Unless, there are other alphas around. Then I move to beta.

Moderator: Yes.

Rosner: Which, I guess, doesn’t make me alpha at all, it comes from being socially inept and bad at PE.

Moderator: There is a whole talk these days about the rise of the beta male.

Rosner: I kind of support it. I am older than both of you. I grew up in a time of bullying being good for you. It toughens you up. Does that really need to be the case? Lance likes to argue that by accepting gayness and transness, and other forms of LGBTQness; we’re turning the culture gay. Who cares?

Moderator: [Laughing].

Rosner: What is the big deal?

Moderator: Right, at this point, there is no procreative issue.

Jacobsen: Also, internal to the logic given by them. If it is innate, why the fear?

Rosner: Lance has the fear that everybody has the potential to be somewhat gay. Once you start allowing it, it will encroach.

Jacobsen: He means “metro” then by that.

Moderator: They did a study about homophobia. They put some penis circumference measuring device.

Jacobsen: A penile plethysmograph?

Moderator: Is that what it’s [Laughing] called? Yes.

Jacobsen: I know they have the vaginal plethysmograph. I would assume they have the same for the penis.

Moderator: It measures for erections and whether you were stimulated by certain types of imagery. It turns out that they found a pretty high correlation between homophobia and being turned out, basically, by gay pornography.

Rosner: That makes sense because sex is based, to some extent, on perversity. If you find homosexuality perverse, that will make it a little exciting.

Moderator: Or if you’re just someone who has a very traditional religious worldview.

Rosner: It makes it extra nasty.

Moderator: It makes it extra nasty. It also makes it extra scary. It probably gives rise to all forms of anger and trying to repression and means of wanting to obliterate this very inconvenient desire.

Rosner: But we’re all biology’s bitches. Sex is a dirty trick on the individual. It makes you act against your own interest. We have the worst president in history. There are a zillion reasons. But one of the reasons is because Anthony Weiner could not stop sexting underage girls.

Moderator: Yes, he’s largely responsible for it.

Rosner: Yes. During the writers’ strike of 2008, I produced a pilot just on my own call Don’t Get a Boner.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Rosner: It was two guys. Each with a penis sleeve that was supposed to go off if they got a boner. Women would compete to grind on them and do whatever else they could to see whoever could be the first to make their guy get a boner.

I don’t that would fly now [Laughing].

Moderator: [Laughing] Yes. Neither would most of the Man Show now.

Rosner: I don’t know. Jimmy did a skit after Hannity was showing old Man Show clips.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Rosner: It turned out Trump’s doorman had been paid off to keep quiet about a potential scandal. Jimmy had a deal where his doorman showed up during his monologue and decided to blackmail him, “If you do not pay me, I will tell everyone you did a show with girls on trampolines.”

Moderator: [Laughing].

Jimmy’s like, “Yes, the Man Show, everyone knows about that.”

Jacobsen: The things that make the headlines in the United States.

Rosner: Yes.

Jacobsen: In all fairness, some of the things and antics that make the news in Canada as well.

Rosner: I still look back fondly on when Margaret Trudeau didn’t wear panties to the disco.

Moderator: Who is Margaret Trudeau? Is she the prime minister’s mother?

Rosner: She is the prime minister’s mother. But was this super hot, super young, and wild, wife of Elliott Trudeau, right?

Jacobsen: Pierre Elliott Trudeau.

Rosner: A previous prime minister of Canada, it turned out she had undiagnosed manic depressive or bipolar disorder. She banged a bunche of people and went to Studio 64 not wearing undapants in 1978.

Moderator: [Laughing].

Rosner: It was very exciting teenage me who was looking for any opportunity to jack off to something.

Moderator: [Laughing].

Jacobsen: [Laughing] it almost seems benign and quaint now.

Rosner: Yes!

Jacobsen: So, the transition was approachability. Rick found a niche in that world of being approachable.

Rosner: Or schmuckability.

Jacobsen: It builds on the high school experience and bar experience, where you tried to be what you envisioned as a “not-so smart person.” Those skills have been adapted to build an admixture, seems to me.

Rosner: It is a standard comedy strategy. Non-comedy Twitter is people talking about how great their mini-blinds are, “Come to my mini-blinds for 15% off.” Comedy Twitter is “I am a fucking loser. I cannot control my eating. I have a fat butt.” It is people talking how inept and terrible they are.

At least, that is what comedy Twitter was before Trump. Now, comedy Twitter is people going crazy about Trump.

Moderator: There is a Jewish tradition to it, too.

Rosner: Yes.

Moderator: Would you say self-deprecating of this guy who just died, there was an HBO documentary.

Rosner: Gary Shandling?

Moderator: Gary Shandling and Rodney Dangerfield – was he Jewish?

Rosner: We’re all in this thing. We’re all kind of schmucks together.

Rosner: That’s how I got my wife to calm down about me doing this. Because she is always afraid that I will expose too much. I am like, “No, the whole deal is to show that I am human in my schmuckiness.”

Jacobsen: At the same time, there is a certain respect and honouring of privacy of those close to you.

Rosner: I know where to go and where not to go.

Moderator: What is she concerned about?

Rosner: I will give one story. Where I gave an interview to my hometown paper, they asked what it is like to write for TV. I said, “It is mostly good. Some people are nice. Some people are horrible.”

Then I was also asked about what my wife does. I said she worked for a particular celebrity. Somehow, the reporter mixed up the two quotes. It came out. That this certain celebrity was horrible.

Moderator: [Laughing].

Rosner: There was another thing. I was interviewed by an arm of Fox News. It was called The Daily, which was a daily newspaper for your tablet. There is something different called The Daily Now.

I set some ground rules for the interview. That they couldn’t say where I worked. Because I knew if they did, I would get in trouble. When they called up, when the story was ready to go, they said, “We are going to put where you work.”

I said, “You can’t. This was a condition for the interview.” This went on for two weeks. I fought with her. I fought with her editor. I insisted that they not say where I work. It pissed them over. They fucked me in the interview. They said that I was a sex addict.

The way that that came about was the reporter asked me how I get any sleep at all since I am up all night taking IQ tests. I said, “I am not up all night taking IQ tests. I average no more than 45 minutes a day on it.”

She asked the question again. I passive aggressively said, “I probably spend more time looking at porn than I do taking IQ tests.”

Moderator: [Laughing].

Rosner: That thing was turned into “super genius is a sex addict.” Then another outlet picked it up and did the math that I did on Kimmel. It said, “Jimmy Kimmel Writer is a Sex Addict.” This is the kind of stuff that scares Carole.

Moderator: Speaking for myself, I don’t have much interest in getting things wrong, one. Two, sensationalist crap journalism.

Rosner: It is a function of the media people are exposed to. This is the longest session, you and I, Scott, have ever done.

Moderator: How often do you do these?

Rosner: We do these often. I have been flaky lately. When I become tardy on something, I tend to withdraw a little bit.

Moderator: I do the same. What is the protocol? You do the interview. Then you transcribe it, Scott.

Jacobsen: Protocol, okay, we schedule the call at a time often, at this point, that is informal in terms of the scheduling of the call. We have the call. The consent is implied at this time. If I am doing a regular interview, I always ask for consent to record beforehand.

Then we finish the call. I will do a series of these calls and then go back, listen to the early part of the recording if I was conscientious enough, then I would say at the beginning of the call what publication this go into: Born to do Math, some politics one, Ask a Genius, Advice to Gifted and Talented Youth, etc.

Then I would transcribe and live edit, format that, give it some title or other, and then publish on the relevant publication that we put together. The most publications that we do end up on rickrosner.org.

Rosner: Also, you have found dozens of other places to publish your material. You and I have probably generated the most material of anybody that you’ve worked with over the past few years. But you work with a lot of people.

Moderator: You’ve been working several years.

Rosner: Yes. He caught me as I had just been fired by Kimmel.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Rosner: He has been a great friend and encourager since then.

Jacobsen: I tend to be polite, but – this is the “but” – I remember being afraid of Rick at the time.

Moderator: It’s the wild sex addict.

Jacobsen: As I learned later, [Laughing] not the wild sex addict, as I learned in the journalistic world, sensationalist journalistic world at least, he had been fired at least. I had a suspicion it was the case.

Rosner: I was cranky.

Jacobsen: Yes, he calmed fast. Obviously, it amounted to an acute episode of frustration with someone to vent to, but that was channeled into eleven weeks of work that culminated in about 98,000 words. The longest interview that I have done by most stretches.

Rosner: Over the past 4 years, you have probably generated an average of 400,000 words a year, which is four thick ass books, a year.

Jacobsen: Potentially. It depends on the topic. Often, those will enter into various publications or will be free e-books. I make the ones for charge at a low price for ease of access.

Rosner: Should we call it a night? Or is there anything else that you want to talk about, or Scott?

Moderator: Scott, what’s your day job [Laughing]?

Jacobsen: I worked in a student union. I worked in restaurants. I did construction. I have done paid contract writing work…

Rosner: You have also done administrative and helped run the university.

Jacobsen: Yes, that would be policy and financial work, basically, of a university student union, which is different. I mean, there are large associations of student unions, where, not councillors but, executive officers in a student union go to and represent a collective.

So, they can advocate at the federal level. Sometimes, such as our own, a quarter million students in Canada, the second largest of its type, can advocate for finances for part-time students that are parents, international students, indigenous students.

That provides additional funding for people who would not have education otherwise. Let’s say we argue for $120 million roughly. The government would give us $90 million for this ask. The reason the federal government, not provincial or territorial, is listening is because a quarter million students are being advocate for, and they have been planning all year to meet with the ministers relevant to particular domains of the education system, of the postsecondary system in Canada.

Rosner: So, you’re living in a country that hasn’t gone crazy.

Jacobsen: It depends.

Moderator: [Laughing].

Rosner: I mean compared to south of you.

Jacobsen: Yes, in some ways, there are silver linings to what was called the Trump era. Dave Chappelle commented, which I think is accurate, that this will lead to a more informed voter. That is a positive way to look at it.

In other ways, I think it is leading to social pathologies coming right to the front of the conversation. America having more free speech than probably any other country, which is a very admirable thing.

Most Americans have, at least, an opinion, whether informed or not, on that topic. I do not mean conservatives aren’t informed and liberals are informed. I mean “everyone.” It can provide the basis for a more citizenry, probably, but it can leave room for more tacit or implicit things in the culture to be brought to light for discussion.

Rosner: It allows people to be more easily manipulated. We should have another session on how this election was the first AI election, where tech. was used to mess with everybody’s brains.

Jacobsen: Yes. The World Economic Forum has two words for it. One is the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The other is the Knowledge Economy. So, countries investing in artificial intelligence, in robotics, in higher educational skills of its citizenry, will be the ones to flourish in the 21st century.

Rosner: I think we should wrap up. Thank you! This was friggin’ ridiculous. This was great.

Moderator: [Laughing].

Jacobsen: If you’re interested in other organizations, Rick told me about some personal interest in the Mega Society.

Moderator: Yup.

Jacobsen: The other organizations or people you might want to look into, but it is a standard format: be polite and respectful. You’ll likely get a response in kind. Paul Cooijmans is one.

Rosner: Are you going to talk to Cooijmans? Cooijmans, you’re not necessarily interested in sensationalism. But Cooijmans has a story of someone who took one of his tests who ended up beheaded under a bridge.

Moderator: Is that right?

Rosner: There was someone who was part of Mega who murdered.

Jacobsen: Grady Towers was murdered!

Moderator: Yes, he was murdered.

Jacobsen: I forgot about that. That’s sad.

Moderator: By an Aryan satanist.

Rosner: Was Grady Towers African-American?

Moderator: No, I don’t think it was race-based. I think this guy was going on a killing spree of sorts. I have to dig into that story more. You can find articles of Grady Towers. Wasn’t it in 2000 something?

Jacobsen: If you look at International High IQ Society, it seemed to fizz out pretty quick. It seems that guy was in some intelligence test documentary.

Moderator: Battle of the Brains.

Jacobsen: Yes, that guy, he committed suicide.

Moderator: In Denver.

Rosner: Because he didn’t do well on the competition?

Moderator: No, I think he was a troubled guy in a lot of ways. He was a former Wall Street trader. He started with the New York High IQ Society. Then it became International High IQ Society. I interacted with some of those folks way back when. Some are extremely interesting people.

At the time, it was the second-highest IQ society next to Mensa. It was really big. Then it went to shit.

Jacobsen: It was a big net.

Moderator: Yes, it was a big net. It was below Mensa, 2 standard deviations above the norm. It was a way to have interesting conversations with other folks who may not be super IQ test oriented. A quick thing, they are somewhat intellectual and may have stuff to offer.

Rosner: I wonder if Tinder has put a further wrench into this kind of stuff.

Moderator: What do you mean?

Rosner: The only reason I joined Mensa is cause I thought I might be able to hook up. One time, I wrote to Marilyn Savant. I said, ‘Can I join the Mega Society? Do you want to go on a date?’

Moderator: [Laughing].

Rosner: She said, “You don’t qualify.” She didn’t say anything about the date.

Jacobsen: You could look into the World Intelligence Network. I was working with Manahel on that for a few months a while ago. She was the vice-president. Evangelos Katsioulis was the president. You might have difficulty reaching them. However, you could use that as a resource with, at least, the listings. They may have more societies in it, now.

Moderator: What was the name of the group again?

Jacobsen: The World Intelligence Network, at the head of it, it is Evangelos Katsioulis.

Moderator: Is he a Greek professor of philosophy?

Rosner: Isn’t he a shrink?

Jacobsen: He is a shrink. He has an M.D., Ph.D. He has a masters in philosophy. He has a masters in information technology. He has an M.D. in psychiatry and a Ph.D. in psychopharmacology. He is involved in an incredible number of things.

Rosner: He posts on Twitter in Greek. Without tweeting, I give it a fav. and hope that whatever he says doesn’t involve a dong.

Moderator: [Laughing].

Jacobsen: That’s one thing with people in that world. They have a sensibility of most other people in the general population, which is: if you’re nice, polite, and respectful, you’ll get treated the same if that helps.

Moderator: Yes! It sounds like you’ve been doing this for quite some time. 

Rosner: I am going to call an end.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Moderator: Good meeting you, Scott, we’ll talk again. I’m sure.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] According to some semi-reputable sources gathered in a listing hereRick G. Rosner may have among America’s, North America’s, and the world’s highest measured IQs at or above 190 (S.D. 15)/196 (S.D. 16) based on several high range test performances created by Christopher HardingJason BettsPaul Cooijmans, and Ronald Hoeflin. He earned 12 years of college credit in less than a year and graduated with the equivalent of 8 majors. He has received 8 Writers Guild Awards and Emmy nominations, and was titled 2013 North American Genius of the Year by The World Genius Directory with the main “Genius” listing here. He has written for Remote ControlCrank YankersThe Man ShowThe EmmysThe Grammys, and Jimmy Kimmel Live!. He worked as a bouncer, a nude art model, a roller-skating waiter, and a stripper. In a television commercialDomino’s Pizza named him the “World’s Smartest Man.” The commercial was taken off the air after Subway sandwiches issued a cease-and-desist. He was named “Best Bouncer” in the Denver Area, Colorado, by Westwood Magazine. Rosner spent much of the late Disco Era as an undercover high school student. In addition, he spent 25 years as a bar bouncer and American fake ID-catcher, and 25+ years as a stripper, and nearly 30 years as a writer for more than 2,500 hours of network television. Errol Morris featured Rosner in the interview series entitled First Person, where some of this history was covered by Morris. He came in second, or lost, on Jeopardy!, sued Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? over a flawed question and lost the lawsuit. He won one game and lost one game on Are You Smarter Than a Drunk Person? (He was drunk). Finally, he spent 37+ years working on a time-invariant variation of the Big Bang Theory. Currently, Rosner sits tweeting in a bathrobe (winter) or a towel (summer). He lives in Los AngelesCalifornia with his wife, dog, and goldfish. He and his wife have a daughter. You can send him money or questions at LanceVersusRick@Gmail.Com, or a direct message via Twitter, or find him on LinkedIn, or see him on YouTube.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 1, 2022: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jacobsen-rosner-anonymous; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation Between Rick Rosner and Scott Jacobsen with Anonymous Moderator[Online]. February 2022; 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jacobsen-rosner-anonymous.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, February 1). Conversation Between Rick Rosner and Scott Jacobsen with Anonymous Moderator. Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jacobsen-rosner-anonymous.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation Between Rick Rosner and Scott Jacobsen with Anonymous Moderator. In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A, February. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jacobsen-rosner-anonymous>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2022. “Conversation Between Rick Rosner and Scott Jacobsen with Anonymous Moderator.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jacobsen-rosner-anonymous.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation Between Rick Rosner and Scott Jacobsen with Anonymous Moderator.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A (February 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jacobsen-rosner-anonymous.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation Between Rick Rosner and Scott Jacobsen with Anonymous Moderator’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jacobsen-rosner-anonymous>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation Between Rick Rosner and Scott Jacobsen with Anonymous Moderator’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jacobsen-rosner-anonymous.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation Between Rick Rosner and Scott Jacobsen with Anonymous Moderator.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 29.A (2022): February. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jacobsen-rosner-anonymous>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation Between Rick Rosner and Scott Jacobsen with Anonymous Moderator[Internet]. (2022, February 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/jacobsen-rosner-anonymous.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links February be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and can disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Personal and Family History, Work, Genius, and Views: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 29.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (24)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: February 1, 2022

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,300

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Iakovos Koukas is the President and Founder of THIS High IQ Society, 4G High IQ Society, BRAIN High IQ Society, ELITE High IQ Society, 6N High IQ Society, NOUS High IQ Society, 6G High IQ Society, NOUS200 High IQ Society, GIFTED High IQ Network, GENIUS High IQ Network, GENIUS Initiative, GENIUS Journal, IQ GENIUS platform, and Test My IQ platform. He is the author of the GIFT High Range IQ Test series, the GENE High Range IQ Test series, the VAST IQ Test series, and the VICE IQ Test series. He discusses: growing up; a sense of an extended self; the family background; the experience with peers and schoolmates; some professional certifications; the purpose of intelligence tests; high intelligence discovered; the extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses; the greatest geniuses in history; a genius from a profoundly intelligent person; profound intelligence necessary for genius; work experiences and jobs; particular job path; the gifted and geniuses; God; science; the tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations); the range of the scores; ethical philosophy; social philosophy; economic philosophy; political philosophy; metaphysics; philosophical system; meaning in life; meaning externally derived, or internally generated; an afterlife; the mystery and transience of life; and love.

Keywords: Christian Orthodox, Christianity, family, genius, GENIUS High IQ Network, God, Greek, Iakovos Koukas, intelligence, IQ, metaphysics, Mykonian, philosophy, religion, science.

Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Personal and Family History, Work, Genius, and Views: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (1)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: When you were growing up, what were some prominent family stories being told over time?

Iakovos Koukas[1],[2]*: I grew up during the 80s and 90s. I am the fourth child of a Mykonian Greek family. My parents met each other and fell in love when they were still in their teens. My father went to serve the Greek Army as soon as he was eligible for military service, which is mandatory in Greece. He served after the Greek Civil War, during a very tense period of Greek history. His military service lasted for three years, and he had no way of contacting his family, so his family, friends, and my mother thought he was dead. After his military service was over, he showed up one day on the doorstep of my mother’s house. She was so surprised and relieved to see him. My parents had three kids before me (I have one sister and two brothers), and I was born 14 years after the birth of my older brother when my parents were already middle-aged and weren’t expecting another child. Another story was that of my grandfather from my father’s side. He was an immigrant to the United States of America in the first quarter of the twentieth century. He lived and worked for more than 20 years in the city of Joliet, Illinois. He became a very successful and rich landowner but decided to sell everything in the USA so he could return to his home island, Mykonos, and get married to a Greek girl who had stolen his heart: my grandmother.

Jacobsen: Have these stories helped provide a sense of an extended self or an understanding of the family legacy?

Koukas: Of course, they did. The story I mentioned, among other ones, helped me develop a strong self-identity and a deep understanding of my family roots and purpose in life.

Jacobsen: What was the family background, e.g., geography, culture, language, and religion or lack thereof?

Koukas: Both my parents were born, raised, and fell in love with each other on the Greek island of Mykonos. All my grandparents were Mykonians as well. They only spoke Greek, but my grandfather was quite educated and spoke English and several other languages as well. All the members of my family are Orthodox Christians.

Jacobsen: How were the experience with peers and schoolmates as a child and as an adolescent?

Koukas: I had quite bad experiences with my peers and schoolmates during my childhood and adolescence. I had very few friends. Due to my giftedness, I had almost nothing in common with the other kids. I used to spend time writing fiction novels and philosophical essays or building complex electronic circuits for use in automation and robotics when other kids were out playing or going to parties, having fun, etc. I was a victim of social isolation and school bullying. All those bad experiences gave me an even greater inner strength, a stronger will, and a sense of purpose in life.

Jacobsen: What have been some professional certifications, qualifications, and training earned by you?

Koukas: I have work experience in several different jobs. As a senior banking officer, I hold certifications in banking services for the shipping industry, investment banking, insurance-based banking products, merchant acquiring services. As an author, I hold certifications in the history and philosophy of science. I have also attended several seminars in cognitive psychology and psychometrics.

Jacobsen: What is the purpose of intelligence tests to you?

Koukas: Individuals need to know their IQs to evaluate themselves, recognize and improve their strengths, and identify and overcome their weaknesses. IQ scores are predictors of an individual’s school and academic performance, professional career. They are directly related to income and wealth. IQ scores derived from IQ tests are widely used for educational placement, choice of professional career, assessment of one’s intellectual disability, learning disorder, and evaluation of job candidates.

Jacobsen: When was high intelligence discovered for you?

Koukas: I always knew I was intelligent due to my several and diverse intellectual interests, but it never crossed my mind that I might be exceptionally or profoundly gifted. I discovered my high intelligence after receiving the score of my first proctored test (WAIS), where I scored at the fourth standard deviation above average, which was the ceiling of the specific test, and after another two Mensa exams, in which I again achieved ceiling scores.

Jacobsen: When you think of how the geniuses of the past have either been mocked, vilified, and condemned if not killed, or praised, flattered, platformed, and revered, what seems like the reason for the extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses? Many alive today seem camera shy – many, not all.

Koukas: Geniuses are deviants and belong to a small minority of society. Since the dawn of humanity, human societies have treated all minorities in an entirely different way than the supposedly normal people. In the past but even today, we see geniuses getting mocked and vilified because they are different, and they are only getting praised and flattered after they receive some form of social recognition: a Fields Medal, a Nobel Prize, or any breakthrough which is announced by the media as beneficial to humankind. It’s understandable that most geniuses are introverts and, therefore, shy.

Jacobsen: Who seems like the greatest geniuses in history to you?

Koukas: Plato, Aristotle, Archimedes, Pythagoras, Gauss, Riemann, Curie, Hopper, Newton, and Einstein are some of my favorite geniuses.

Jacobsen: What differentiates a genius from a profoundly intelligent person?

Koukas: Social recognition for a breakthrough (discovery or invention) that benefits humankind. Even though many profoundly gifted people can be as creative and as innovative as some of the most well-known geniuses, the difference is that the latter get social recognition for their creations and innovations.

Jacobsen: Is profound intelligence necessary for genius?

Koukas: Profound intelligence is not necessary for genius. Some renowned geniuses, like James Watson and Francis Crick (who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their discovery of the structure of DNA), had IQs below the second standard deviation above the norm, and they weren’t even considered gifted. Certain artistic geniuses, like Andy Warhol, were even considered below average in terms of intelligence. Although sometimes exceptional giftedness is used as a synonym for genius, I don’t think it should be. Most human beings are gifted with positive intellectual and personality qualities, which, if used and developed in a proper way, could lead many people to genius achievements.

Jacobsen: What have been some work experiences and jobs held by you?

Koukas: I have worked as a banker for 18 years, as an author for 24 years, as a publisher for two years, and as an entrepreneur (IQ testing websites owner) for eight years.

Jacobsen: Why pursue this job path?

Koukas: I always pursue to do professionally the things I love. I cannot stop being creative, and I am constantly setting new goals and creating new projects.

Jacobsen: What are some of the more essential aspects of the idea of the gifted and geniuses? Those myths pervade the cultures of the world. What are those myths? What truths dispel them?

Koukas: Many people think that the gifted and the geniuses are some kinds of superhumans or saviors of the world. They think that geniuses could save human species from extinction by discovering the elixir of immortality, stopping climate change, curing all diseases, or leading the way for humanity’s space colonization. This is not the case. The gifted and the geniuses are just people. They have certain limitations as to what they can do because science itself has limitations. They also don’t have unlimited resources and funding available, even when they are top researchers or even tech billionaires.

Jacobsen: Do you have any thoughts on the God concept or God’s idea and philosophy, theology, and religion?

Koukas: I believe that God exists and that He created the Universe. There are many indications of His existence, but there is no evidence in the scientific sense. This is a long discussion, a topic for a treatise, that would combine aspects of the philosophy of science with aspects of the philosophy of religion. I am a Christian Orthodox.

Jacobsen: How much does science play into the worldview for you?

Koukas: I am a man of science. I always use the scientific method and the philosophy of science whenever I am considering a theory, a hypothesis, an idea, or a concept.

Jacobsen: What have been some of the tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations) for you?

Koukas: I have taken many IQ tests and earned various IQ scores during the last ten years that I am an active part of the high IQ community. Some of my IQ scores: 164 SD15 on WAIS-III (4.27 SD above the norm, ceiling score of the test), 170 SD15 on Einplex (4.67 SD above the norm, top score globally on the test), 172 SD15 on Hieroglyphica (4.80 SD above the norm, one of the highest scores on the test), 175 SD15 on WARP (5 SD above the norm, top score on the test at the time taken), 180 SD15 on Verbatim (5.33 SD above the norm, top score globally on the test), 208 SD15 on MATRIQ (7.20 SD above the norm, top score globally on the test).

Jacobsen: What ethical philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Koukas: I usually use two approaches to my personal ethical philosophy; the first is utilitarian, and the second is deontological. While I believe that an ethical choice is the one that will produce the greatest good (or well-being) for the greatest number of people, at the same time, I think that one should act according to this rule: “Do unto others as you would be done by.”

Jacobsen: What social philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Koukas: A social philosophy that would emphasize the need for collaboration between diverse social groups towards the greater good and finding solutions for the problems we are facing in our modern societies. For example, science through prominent scientists and researchers, religion through prominent priests and believers, politics through prominent politicians and voters, and philosophy through prominent philosophers and scholars should collaborate towards a common goal: finding solutions for the challenges all people are facing in modern societies.

Jacobsen: What political philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Koukas: Equality of opportunity and elimination of any discrimination in society is my preferable political philosophy. Positions and posts that grant superior advantages should be open to all people who would be qualified through their individual skills and hard work, regardless of race, gender, ethnicity, religion, caste, or status.

Jacobsen: What metaphysics makes some sense to you, even the most workable sense to you?

Koukas: The type of metaphysics that would outline God as the first cause and the last end of the Universe. He is the Alpha and the Omega, the purpose of everything, and we can see indications of His existence in His living and non-living creations.

Jacobsen: What worldview-encompassing philosophical system makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Koukas: Christian philosophy. The whole world of our experience is a challenge, a problem that demands to be resolved, but the solution of the problem lies within a region to which only thought and faith can penetrate. Human beings’ natural trend is towards philosophy and religion. The religious instinct forces most humans to recognize their dependence upon the first cause and last end of all existence. Religion, no less than philosophy and science, calls for the exercise of the reason so that every human can be guided to the knowledge of the existence of the Supreme Being: God.

Jacobsen: What provides meaning in life for you?

Koukas: Helping other people become aware of their cognitive potential so that they can further develop it, spreading the knowledge of what is truly important and meaningful in life, working towards the greater good through certain initiatives of my GENIUS High IQ Network, and becoming a more enlightened human being so that I can improve my life and the lives of the people who love, respect, follow or know me.

Jacobsen: Is meaning externally derived, internally generated, both, or something else?

Koukas: Meaning is mostly internally generated after we receive a necessary amount of knowledge and wisdom from science, religion, philosophy, and theology.

Jacobsen: Do you believe in an afterlife? If so, why, and in what form? If not, why not?

Koukas: I believe in the afterlife because I am a Christian Orthodox, and I have done my research in science as well. We are created in the image of God. Each person has a consciousness/mind, a physical body, and a soul/spirit. Our consciousness and soul will live forever, and our physical body will, too, after the Second Coming of Jesus.

Jacobsen: What do you make of the mystery and transience of life?

Koukas: Nobody has ever explained the mysteries of life. I believe that the meaning of life is to discover love and start spreading it to all beings, including humans and animals. Only the physical form of life is transient. As I already explained above, I believe life continues in another form after the death of our physical bodies, and even our physical bodies will be resurrected after the Second Coming of Jesus Christ.

Jacobsen: What is love to you?

Koukas: Love is like gravity or the electromagnetic force that holds things together; love holds people together. Love is a union between people, and people that are united through love can solve most of the problems that now seem unsolved. True love is selfless and unconditional. You strive for the well-being of the people you truly love, and you expect nothing in return.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] President & Founder, THIS High IQ Society, 4G High IQ Society, BRAIN High IQ Society, ELITE High IQ Society, 6N High IQ Society, NOUS High IQ Society, 6G High IQ Society, NOUS200 High IQ Society, GIFTED High IQ Network, GENIUS High IQ Network, GENIUS Initiative, GENIUS Journal, IQ GENIUS platform, and Test My IQ platform.

[2] Individual Publication Date: February 1, 2022: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-1; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Personal and Family History, Work, Genius, and Views: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (1)[Online]. February 2022; 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-1.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, February 1). Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Personal and Family History, Work, Genius, and Views: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (1). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-1.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Personal and Family History, Work, Genius, and Views: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (1). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A, February. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-1>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2022. “Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Personal and Family History, Work, Genius, and Views: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-1.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Personal and Family History, Work, Genius, and Views: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A (February 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-1.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Personal and Family History, Work, Genius, and Views: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-1>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Personal and Family History, Work, Genius, and Views: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-1.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Personal and Family History, Work, Genius, and Views: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 29.A (2022): February. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-1>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Iakovos Koukas on Personal and Family History, Work, Genius, and Views: President & Founder, GENIUS High IQ Network (1)[Internet]. (2022, February 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/koukas-1.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links February be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and can disseminate for their independent purposes.

The Greenhorn Chronicles 2: Sandy Bell, B.Sc., M.A. on Mature Equine Life and the Alberta Equestrian Federation (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 29.E, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (24)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: January 22, 2022

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,675

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Sandy Bell’s personal biography states: “Windhorse Retreat was born in early 2014 when I transitioned from the urban to the rural lifestyle to pursue my dream of living with horses and offering equine facilitated personal development.  My goal was to establish Windhorse as a place where ‘horses help us reach our full potential,’ and that included my own life-long learning.  At my day retreat in central Alberta, horses and humans come together in deeply meaningful ways for unique learning experiences.  As well as providing equine assisted learning opportunities with horses as your guides, I host related workshops and clinics, so you can learn to help your equine friends or deepen your relationships with them. Community development and volunteerism is core to my lifestyle, so you’ll find me volunteering on committees or boards as the opportunities arise.  Currently, I serve the Alberta equestrian community as the President of the Board of Directors of the Alberta Equestrian Federation. I hold a B.Sc. (Psychology), a M.A. (Communications & Technology) and am an alumnus of EAL-Canada.  I’m a member of the Alberta Association of Complementary Equine Therapy as a Craniosacral Practitioner and Energy Based Practitioner.” She discusses: becoming involved with horses; being a later horse bloomer; equestrianism in Alberta; the Alberta Equestrian Federation; organizations that are provincial or territorial for equestrians; the national organization; the bylaws and structures; differences amongst the bylaws and structures; common personalities or backgrounds of people coming into equestrianism; one common theme in responses; demographics; facilities; Canada’s reputation internationally.

Keywords: Alberta Association of Complementary Equine Therapy, Alberta Equestrian Federation, Calgary Stampede, EAL-Canada, equestrianism, equine, facilitated personal development, mature, Sandy Bell, Spruce Meadows, Windhorse Retreat.

The Greenhorn Chronicles 2: Sandy Bell, B.Sc., M.A. on Mature Equine Life and the Alberta Equestrian Federation (1)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Today, we are interviewing Sandy Bell, who is the President of the Alberta Equestrian Federation. She also runs Windhorse Retreat. I want to take a narrative approach, as with most interviews in this series. What age did you start with horses?

Sandy Bell[1],[2]: I was 47, Scott. I came to it as a mature rider.

Jacobsen: How did you come to it, late? Or I should rephrase that, “How did you come to it later than most of the people whom I am aware of?”

Bell: As a girl, I had fantasies of having a horse in my life. It wasn’t possible. Then I got caught up in getting a job, then having a family, then things happen. Time passed. During that time, I, perhaps, went on two or three trail rides. The nose to tail thing, they offer. That’s great. Then a girlfriend said to me, “I do a trail ride. It is an overnight 4-day pack ride. Would you like to come?” I, knowing nothing, really, thought, “How hard could it be?” [Laughing]

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Bell: At the end of the four days, I had never been so sore, so dirty, but so happy. There was something about spending time all day with horses outside that really resonated with my soul. Within the week, coming back home, I booked my first riding lessons. It just grew from there. I learn to ride, bought my first horse within the year, and off we go.

Jacobsen: You have a quote, “The horse has the strength of 20 men, the speed to outrun the wind, and the grace to heal us, yet remains humble enough to let us ride upon his back. – source.” (Unknown Source) What does that quote mean to you?

Bell: That quote summarizes my philosophy of being with horses. I evolved my understanding of them and how I want to be with them. At first, it was more directly related to horses being co-facilitator in horse-powered personal development. Now, for me, it has become more than that. Because I truly believe horses are sentient beings with complex social structures and individual lives as well.

So, it is an extraordinary relationship. If I tease it apart, it amazes me every time I think about it in depth because this being, the horse, can offer us so much if we’re ready to see it and accept it. All the way from riding on their back and gaining that freedom that that grants us to interacting with them in ways that they are, actually, healers.

Jacobsen: What form of equestrianism is most prevalent in Alberta?

Bell: If we base it on the membership of the Alberta Equestrian Federation[3], it is recreational riders. Those are people who do Western pleasure, English pleasure, and trail riding. There is, of course, a significant industry component in Alberta with rodeo sport, e.g., Spruce Meadows, reining horses. That whole other competitions area, overall, I think, it is the pleasure horse or the trail horse.

Jacobsen: How many members are part of the Alberta Equestrian Federation?

Bell: Currently, we have 18,000 members. If I broke that down, I think recreational riders are about 80%.

Jacobsen: That’s a lot.

Bell: It could be an artifact of people who get memberships in something. Because we haven’t really examined that. But there are members who come to us, initially, through sport, because to go to a competition in Alberta, for example, you need an Alberta Equestrian Federation membership. That’s because of the insurance component. Things like that.

Jacobsen: For organizations that are provincial or territorial for equestrians, are they, more or less, run in a democratic manner?

Bell: Yes, they are all not-for-profit. The major equestrian organizations are; I can’t speak to the other horse organizations, e.g., Horse Racing Alberta, but, definitely, the major ones recognized by government as the major sport organizations, e.g., Alberta Equestrian Federation, Horse Council BC. We’re all not-for-profit.

Jacobsen: How do they link to the national organization(s)?

Bell: Through membership, so, each of the provinces and territories can become a member of Equestrian Canada. That’s the linkage there. Canada, that’s how we connect. It’s a fairly similar model, I believe, to other sports. Now, we are not a branch of the national organization. Each of the provinces and territories are independent entities unto themselves with their own separate structures and bylaws.

Jacobsen: Are most of the bylaws and structures similar and seemingly standardized to one another, though independent or autonomous?

Bell: I think, you could say they are similar. It is how boards are to be run, the structure of the board of directors. Things like that. I think there might be some significant differences. Perhaps, not in terms of bylaws, but in terms of operating policies, I think the bylaws at the provincial and territorial level are fairly similar or complementary.

Jacobsen: Which parts stand out as differences amongst them, between them?

Bell: I think it may be in terms of their membership. For example, in Alberta, the bulk of our membership identify as recreational riders. It may be different in other provinces. For example, Ontario may have a higher percentage or proportion of us. People interested in sport. I can’t really say for sure, though, Scott.

It has been interesting, as an aside. I have been President for almost a year now. The whole time has been through Zoom. So, building relationships with my counterparts in other organizations has been hampered a bit, so, my knowledge, about who they really are, is probably limited.

Jacobsen: Are there common personalities or backgrounds of people coming into equestrianism? Or is it basically every personality type and background?

Bell: I think it’s every background and personality type. That’s the beautiful thing about it. [Laughing] Some people might say, “That’s the frustrating thing about it.” [Laughing]

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Bell: If you ask a group of horse people a question, perhaps, about horses, for the 12 people there, you’ll get 20 different answers. That’s a joke that is tossed around, very varied. I think what unites everyone is a passion for the equine.

Jacobsen: One common theme in responses, if not the word, then the concept behind what they’re saying, is the idea of equestrianism as a “lifestyle.” People who start in it. A foot in the door phenomenon, sooner or later, it becomes their whole life; or, they’ve been in it their whole life. Is that a common thing?

Bell: Yes, Scott, I think it’s a common thing. Perhaps, the people who it doesn’t become more a part of their day-to-day life. There might be some barriers to being involved with horses. Personally, I am lucky. My costs per horse are lower than someone who is boarding because I am fortunate to have my own pasture, my own barn. Things like that.

It is, definitely, not cheap to have a horse. Here in Alberta, we have been looking at numbers. We aren’t quite ready to release a study of the economic impact of the equestrian industry on Alberta. But when we look at what people spend on a horse, its quite a lot. $1,200 per horse is a reasonable amount of money. That’s not counting people with horses in competitive programs who need lessons and travel with their horse or who have special needs for boarding.

Jacobsen: Another aspect of some of the conversations has been somewhere between 11 and 18 years old. You find a lot more young women. Then as you move into the older ages and the international level of any area of equestrianism – dressage, eventing, hunting, jumping, etc., you find for men. But it’s more balanced than the younger ages, particularly North America. Is this your observation as well?

Bell: Yes, I think, this is reflected in membership, Scott. I don’t have the number off the top of mind. But it is women of a certain age. Women who can have a horse. They are a primary or large percentage of our numbers. Now, we have identified that, as a board, as something that we would like to change.

Both to change at the entry level and at the age that kids can start to get involved, or would like to see kids involved in the sport – all the way up to retirement age, when people are leaving their full-time jobs. The other aspect of that, Scott, and, maybe, you have observed it. We lack diversity. Why is that? We’re not sure.

We are exploring that as well, trying to tease that apart, because it would be great to have other cultural communities involved with horses. Then we have the Indigenous people who have a very strong history and affiliation with the horse. We’re not sure what we can offer them, what kind of partnerships. They should be more visible. So, it is not just women. It is, also, white women.

Jacobsen: What facilities have garnered the most prominent reputation for all of Alberta for equestrianism?

Bell: Spruce Meadows for sure. The Calgary Stampede, [Laughing] both are very different from each other. At one time, we would have included the racetracks. But they’re kind of folding. The Canadian Finals Rodeo, it was, in Alberta, a source of pride. Then we had some pretty significant horse fairs, which have been discontinued because of Covid: Horse Expo kind of thing. Right now, worldwide, people know about Spruce Meadows and the Calgary Stampede.

Jacobsen: How is Canada’s reputation internationally within the equine world?

Bell: That’s an interesting one to think about. If we didn’t have Team Canada, like Ian Millar, Eric Lamaze, people of that standing. I’m not sure we would even be known on the world stage, really [Laughing]. There have been a few key or extraordinary riders in Canada, who are household names, internationally.

Now, if you’re within that community, so if you’re riding at the FEI levels in Dressage, for example, you would know of the people in Canada, but, for me, that’s not the circle I’m in. I represent more of the grassroots person.

References

Alberta Equestrian Federation. (2022). Board of Directors. Retrieved from https://www.albertaequestrian.com.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] President, Board of Directors, Alberta Equestrian Federation; Principal, Windhorse Retreat.

[2] Individual Publication Date: January 22, 2022: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bell-1; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

[3] Alberta Equestrian Federation. (2022). Board of Directors. Retrieved from https://www.albertaequestrian.com.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. The Greenhorn Chronicles 2: Sandy Bell, B.Sc., M.A. on Mature Equine Life and the Alberta Equestrian Federation (1)[Online]. January 2022; 29(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bell-1.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, January 22). The Greenhorn Chronicles 2: Sandy Bell, B.Sc., M.A. on Mature Equine Life and the Alberta Equestrian Federation (1). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bell-1.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. The Greenhorn Chronicles 2: Sandy Bell, B.Sc., M.A. on Mature Equine Life and the Alberta Equestrian Federation (1). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.E, January. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bell-1>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2022. “The Greenhorn Chronicles 2: Sandy Bell, B.Sc., M.A. on Mature Equine Life and the Alberta Equestrian Federation (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.E. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bell-1.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “The Greenhorn Chronicles 2: Sandy Bell, B.Sc., M.A. on Mature Equine Life and the Alberta Equestrian Federation (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.E (January 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bell-1.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘The Greenhorn Chronicles 2: Sandy Bell, B.Sc., M.A. on Mature Equine Life and the Alberta Equestrian Federation (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.E. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bell-1>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘The Greenhorn Chronicles 2: Sandy Bell, B.Sc., M.A. on Mature Equine Life and the Alberta Equestrian Federation (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.E., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bell-1.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “The Greenhorn Chronicles 2: Sandy Bell, B.Sc., M.A. on Mature Equine Life and the Alberta Equestrian Federation (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 29.E (2022): January. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bell-1>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. The Greenhorn Chronicles 2: Sandy Bell, B.Sc., M.A. on Mature Equine Life and the Alberta Equestrian Federation (1)[Internet]. (2022, January 29(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bell-1.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links January be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and can disseminate for their independent purposes.

Would You Be My Neighbour? 1: Door’s Open

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 29.E, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (24)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: January 15, 2022

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,200

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Dr. Herb Silverman is the Founder of the Secular Coalition for America, the Founder of the Secular Humanists of the Lowcountry, and the Founder of the Atheist/Humanist Alliance student group at the College of Charleston. He authored Complex variables (1975), Candidate Without a Prayer: An Autobiography of a Jewish Atheist in the Bible Belt (2012) and An Atheist Stranger in a Strange Religious Land: Selected Writings from the Bible Belt (2017). He co-authored The Fundamentals of Extremism: The Christian Right in America (2003) with Kimberley Blaker and Edward S. Buckner, Complex Variables with Applications (2007) with Saminathan Ponnusamy, and Short Reflections on Secularism (2019), Short Reflections on American Secularism’s History and Philosophy (2020), and Short Reflections on Age and Youth (2020). He discusses: the series; future directions as the perspective; who would have been great guests, who are dead; the ordinariness of a secular humanist philosophy; and a statement or enticement for others to join us.

Keywords: blue collar, Christopher Hitchens, ethics, Fred Rogers, Herb Silverman, Humanism, morality, no collar, Secular Humanism, Thomas Paine, white collar.

Would You Be My Neighbour? 1: Door’s Open

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: “Would You Be My Neighbour?” is named in honour of an advocate of kindness, fairness, and compassion in the United States: Fred Rogers. I posed this as a collaborative series while kept with core conversations between you and me. In short, we have discussions, invite guests, and publish the results. The focus would be less about theory and philosophy of Secular Humanism, and more about the daily life of Secular Humanism. There’s a lot of science fiction discussions about Transhumanism, post-Humanism, neo-Humanism, or tired talk about church and state separation, and the like, though intriguing on the former and important politically and socially on the latter. I work at a stable. I work with horses 7 days per week sunrise to sunset. I consider this one of the biggest blind spots in the enactment of the ethic. People can go online, debate, argue, tweet, TikTok, chat on Facebook, take part in WhatsApp encrypted secular groups all over the world, and take part in academic philosophical discussions, or make declarations (or renewals thereof), so on and so forth. But that’s not really the main deal and never has been with Secular Humanism, for me. The ‘blue collar’ is ignored for the ‘white collar’ academicism of secular humanist thought; the human rights activism can triumph in attention due to its grand intents over daily acts of magnanimity.  The more visceral world: You lose your hair and grow hair in weird(er) places, get pimples (again) and ingrown hairs, acquire stretch marks and deep seated wrinkles and fine lines, start wearing glasses, lose sharpness of mind and physique, add a few pounds here and there, decline in height and muscle mass and bone density, lose teeth and get more stained teeth, care less about fashion trends, get a decline in virility… you know, aging. The world of the everyday, the ordinary, where, in fact, the reality of our greatest sphere of humanist influence could possibly exist. So, blah blah blah, what is the hope or expectation in this collaborative endeavour for the ongoing work together in this series for you?

Dr. Herb Silverman[1],[2]: I guess I’m considered a “white collar” rather than a “blue collar” person because I am an academician who enjoys philosophical discussions about secular humanism. In truth, I’m a “no collar” person, since I mostly wear T-shirts that I got from running in races, or T-shirts that I wear to promote secular humanism. I agree with you that we need to expand our base and find ways to reach the “common man” and “common woman,” many of whom are humanists who have never heard about humanism. A limited way I engage with such people is through common interests in other areas, including concerns about the environment, civil rights, education, health, and charity work. I often try to bring humanism into the conversation, showing why it is consistent with the issues they care about. My expectation in this collaborative effort is to hear how others are reaching out to potential humanists and then try to follow their lead.

Jacobsen: If we take the perspective of future directions, we can explore some of the more high-falutin’ material within secular humanist philosophy, while grounding this in the item of most import to me: The banalizing of it, making it everyday, humdrum, ordinary, normative. What are some topics of interest to you? Those with which every secular humanist must become acquainted to protect the way of life, the lifestance. 

Silverman: What every secular humanist needs to know is that our U.S. Constitution grants us freedom of religion, which must include freedom from religion. When religion is discussed in public, it’s okay to say we have no god beliefs. We should not belittle the religious beliefs of others. That is not the way to make friends and influence people. Better to be a role model based on what we do, rather than what we say.

Jacobsen: Who is dead, but would have made a great guest? Why them?

Silverman: Christopher Hitchens, whom I had the pleasure of knowing, would have made a great guest. He was a member of the Advisory Board of the Secular Coalition for America. He  could discuss and give good arguments on just about any subject. His book, god is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything, deservedly became a best seller. A lesser known but terrific book of his is The Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice. Hitchens was a true contrarian, with a sharp wit, who could easily get to the heart of the matter. One of his best known quotes, referred to as “Hitchens’s razor” is, “What can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence.” I hope Hitchens wasn’t thinking of my autobiography, published in 2007, when he said in 1997: “Everybody does have a book in them, but in most cases that’s where it should stay.” In 1992, long before Donald Trump decided to run for president, Hitchens commented about Trump, “Nobody is more covetous and greedy than those who have far too much.” Richard Dawkins said of Hitchens, “He was a polymath, a wit, immensely knowledgeable, and a valiant fighter against all tyrants, including imaginary supernatural ones.”

Thomas Paine, from a much earlier era, would have been a very good guest. Paine has a claim to the title “The Father of the American Revolution,” due to his inspiring pamphlets, especially Common Sense. In 1776 it was the all-time best-selling American title and aroused the demand for American independence from Great Britain. Many phrase in Common Sense became part of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. In The Age of Reason and other writings, Paine argued against institutionalized religions in general and the Christian doctrine in particular. He thought that Deism should replace all revelation-based religion. At the time, as well as now, such words were rather unpopular among Christians and politicians. I visited the Tom Paine Printing Press in England, and purchased a framed quote of his that now hangs on my condo wall: “My country is the world. My religion is to do good.” If I could talk to Paine today, I would ask if he would have switched from Deism to atheism in light of what we now know about evolution and the Big Bang, showing that no creator was necessary.

Jacobsen: Who might embody the ordinariness of a secular humanist philosophy to you?

Silverman: The many “nones,” people who are religiously unaffiliated. They are the fastest growing “religious” demographic in the U.S. They are not all secular humanists, but a significant percentage are and many others are secular humanists without knowing it. A lot of “nones” have examined the available evidence and stopped believing in any gods.

Jacobsen: For those who might be interested in this new educational collaborative discussion series, what would be your statement or enticement for them to join us?

Silverman: I think it is a good idea for us to collaborate and pick up new ideas and ways of explaining things about secular humanism. It is always beneficial to communicate with other secular humanists. We inspire one another in our work to improve society.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Dr. Silverman. 

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Secular Coalition for America; Founder, Secular Humanists of the Low Country; Founder, Atheist/Humanist Alliance, College of Charleston.

[2] Individual Publication Date: January 15, 2022: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neighbour-1; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Would You Be My Neighbour? 1: Door’s Open [Online]. January 2022; 29(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neighbour-1.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, January 15). Would You Be My Neighbour? 1: Door’s Open. Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neighbour-1.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Would You Be My Neighbour? 1: Door’s Open. In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.E, January. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neighbour-1>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2022. “Would You Be My Neighbour? 1: Door’s Open.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.E. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neighbour-1.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Would You Be My Neighbour? 1: Door’s Open.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.E (January 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neighbour-1.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Would You Be My Neighbour? 1: Door’s Open’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.E. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neighbour-1>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Would You Be My Neighbour? 1: Door’s Open’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.E., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neighbour-1.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Would You Be My Neighbour? 1: Door’s Open.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 29.E (2022): January. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neighbour-1>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Would You Be My Neighbour? 1: Door’s Open [Internet]. (2022, January 29(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neighbour-1.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links January be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and can disseminate for their independent purposes.

The Greenhorn Chronicles 1: Joelle Froese on Abbotsford, Bradner Hills Farm, and In Stride Equestrian Training

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 29.E, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (24)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: January 8, 2022

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 4,020

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Joelle Froese has been riding since 7 years old. In 1999, her family moved to Bradner Hill Farms. She has been riding and caring for horses for a long time. She has competed in show jumping at HITS Desert Classic, Rocky Mountain Show Jumping, Sonoma Show Park, Spruce Meadows, The Royal Agricultural Winter Fair, and Thunderbird. She won Bronze at the North American Young Riders (senior division) on Condor, her first grand prix horse. Condor and Froese, in the same year, won, as champions, at amateur jumpers and third in the National Talent Squad Finals at the Royal. In 2013, she founded In Stride Equestrian Training. She won her first grand prix in 2016. It was on her mare, Romeos Child,  for the $15,000 Kubota Grand Prix at Thunderbird. Also, she and Romeos Child won the BCHJA Luigi Grand Prix Horse of the Year award in 2017 & 2018. Froese trained with Olympians Jill Henselwood (Canadian), Buddy Brown (United States), as well as Susie Hutchinson (US Nations Cup rider) and Kate Perrin (British team rider). Froese has competed in Third Level dressage and is an Equine Canada certified Competition Coach Specialist. She discusses: riding at 7; The Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada; the family move to Bradner Hills Farm; the process of working and training; competitive show jumping; medals, ribbons, and positions; In Stride Equestrian; the different types of competitions or show types for show jumping; show jumpers or hunters who have made the most positive impact on the career in equestrianism; main lessons or takeaways from Henselwood, Brown, Hutchinson, and Perrin; the state of the industry in the Lower Mainland; the international scene; haves and have-nots in Canada; the sense and feel of working with a horse; Bradner Hill Farms; camaraderie; an apparent gender split in the industry in Canada; and advice for younger people getting into the industry.

Keywords: Abbotsford, Bradner Hill Farm, Canada, dressage, equestrianism, Equine Canada, equitation, Joelle Froese, Langley, North America, show jumping, Thunderbird, Thunderbird Show Park.

The Greenhorn Chronicles 1: Joelle Froese on Abbotsford, Bradner Hills Farm, and In Stride Equestrian Training

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Naturally, let’s begin at the beginning, as I intend this as an educational series beginning with Canada and then moving into the international scene of equestrianism, I figure the narrative entering into the equine will be helpful. What were the first inklings of an interest in horses for you? Most of the equestrians with some facility or competing seem to have begun in the single digit ages. You started riding at 7. 

Joelle Froese[1],[2]: Love of animals goes at least as far back as my grandfather. My mother is an animal lover and I have carried on the tradition. You typically think of little girls as playing with dolls. I didn’t. I played with stuffed animals. And toy horses. Lots of toy horses. I owned one Barbie doll – it was the one that came with a horse, a truck, and trailer. When I was 7 years old, my piano teacher’s daughter invited us to see her horses and gave me my first unofficial riding lessons. I was immediately hooked. My parents bought my first pony from her. My sister and I were supposed to share her. That didn’t last long. As a kid, I played T-ball, figure skated, took painting and pottery lessons, but there was no comparison. While I liked skating, I hated waking up at 5am for Saturday morning sessions. But I never begrudged early mornings for horse shows. Spending time with horses was the most natural thing in the world for me.

Jacobsen: The Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada is an immense opportunity for any young, aspiring equestrian. How did Abbotsford provide the training grounds or the opportunities for growth as an equestrian for you?

Froese: I think I had two huge advantages living where I do. First is that I live half an hour from Thunderbird Showpark. T-bird is beautiful and has been moving steadily onto the international scene. It gives local riders something to aspire to. It allows you to watch international and Olympic riders and competition up close. I live a stone’s throw from Langley – horse country of BC. It offers access to horses, horse trails, show barns, trainers, and shows of various levels and disciplines, so there is something for every equestrian.

Jacobsen: Why did the family move to Bradner Hills Farm?

Froese: My parents came from the prairies. My mother grew up on a farm, where they raised nearly everything they ate. My father is a visionary. Neither of them is afraid of hard work. Their support is why I got to ride, train, travel, compete, and live on a farm. They are the backbone of everything I have done with horses.

Jacobsen: What is the process of working and training with – and loving – a horse from birth to full maturity for show jumping competitions?

Froese: Well, first of all, it is a long one. Horses don’t reach their prime until around 10 years old. A decade of going to the barn every day in hopes of fulfilling a dream. Horses have to be taught everything: to halter, to lead, let them groom you, let you put on a saddle, bear weight, understand a rider’s aids (cues). Some are spooky and have to learn to be brave. Some are hot (high energy) and have to learn to be calm. They need years of conditioning and strength training to be fit enough to compete in upper level jumpers. They are prey animals that have to focus on its rider and its job at a busy horse show. To gallop, not knowing where they are going on course and in a moment, without hesitation, to sight in on a jump, judge it and make the effort for you. It’s amazing what they can learn to do. And, of course, part of that process is making mistakes. Training a young horse requires patience, knowledge, co-ordination, and a good attitude. I think you appreciate them so much more for the process, for realizing everything they do for us. It can be tough; a thousand pound animal is incredibly powerful. Yet sensitive. They are masters of body language and we have to be too. We have to learn to communicate in ways they understand. Each horse has its own personality. This makes each horse a unique challenge and opportunity to build a unique partnership.

Jacobsen: What facilities tend to garner the most positive reputation for competitive show jumping?

Froese: What I like about show jumping is that it is an objective sport. It is about time and not knocking down rails. People will always remember barns that consistently produce winners. But there is more. People also notice progress. Everyone has bad rounds. But you see the same people year after year, show after show, and you can see who can train. You spend a lot of time with the same people at horse shows. You are stabled beside them. You set jumps side by side in the warmup ring. You try their horses for sale. You see how people treat people and how they treat horses. People remember who was a good teacher, a good person, and a good horseman.

Jacobsen: Of the medals, ribbons, and positions earned at show jumping competitions, what ones make you feel most proud, as they were earned?

Froese: I will always remember my first Grand Prix win – the Kubota Cup at Tbird. There were good riders in that class. It felt fabulous to be among them. But I may be even more proud of what I accomplished with Onyx. He had incredible scope (ability to jump high and wide), but he was high strung and needed someone really good to train him. I had to become that person. It wasn’t enough to be a good rider (get on a well schooled horse and pilot well); I had to become a trainer. I had to learn how to reach him, to communicate with him; something I discovered no manual can teach you. He required feel: the ability to read and react with just the right pressure and right timing and right exercise to help him learn. He required me to find incredible horsemen and women who had feel and could teach it. I call him my best teacher. It took years of work, but he turned into a fantastic horse. I won classes, championships, a saddle with him. Not everyone believed in him when I first got him. But he had heart; he was always willing to try. And he always made me try hard. That partnership will always be special.

Jacobsen: What motivated opening In Stride Equestrian in 2013?

Froese: By the time I was 13, I knew I wanted to be a trainer. I don’t know when I decided; it just seemed automatic to me. In 2009, I went to Young Riders of North America with Condor. He was my once-in-a-lifetime horse. The magic unicorn that makes the impossible happen. Horses with that ability are expensive and hard to find. I was thrilled to just be there. Winning bronze was more than I could have dreamed of.  In 2012 Condor died. He was only 12 years old. He had sudden neurological symptoms that caused him to fall and break his neck. No one ever figured out why it happened. I was devastated. I knew I couldn’t replace him; couldn’t compete at that level any time soon. Maybe never. My options were give up or move on. I had spent the previous winter as Jill’s barn manager and done a little bit of teaching under Jill’s mentorship. I got certified in 2013. Opening a business seemed like the next logical step.

Jacobsen: What are the different types of competitions or show types for show jumping?

Froese: First of all, you can divide jumping into hunters, jumpers, and equitation. Hunters is subjectively judged on the horse, its way of going, the quality of its jump. It derives from fox hunting and uses naturally colored obstacles or mimics logs and brush you might jump on a fox hunt. Equitation is subjectively judged on the rider and how well they pilot the horse around the hunter or jumper ring. Jumpers, or show jumping is judged on time and faults, which you get for knocking down rails, going too slow, or refusing to jump a fence. Jumps are colorful and built very light, so they can be knocked down easily. The most common type of jumper class is a jump off. It has a first round, typically of 10-12 jumps, where the goal is to jump clean (occur no faults). There is a time allowed. If you go slower than time allowed, you incur time faults. If you knock down a rail or stop at a jump, you incur jumping faults. If multiple riders finish with the same number of faults, they jump off. In this case, you jump a shorter course judged on faults and time, so fastest round with fewest faults wins. Speed classes are also common, which is one round based on fastest time with fewest faults.

Jacobsen: Which show jumpers or hunters have made the most positive impact on the career in equestrianism for you – either as signifiers of the virtues to aim for or as individuals who have, simply put, impressive professional resumes?

Froese: The people who have had the biggest impact on me have been my family and my coaches. Those are discussed more in other questions. One rider that gave me something to aspire to was Kyle King. He rode Onyx for me for 2 years early on. To this day, I love watching him because of his brilliant use of track. He makes it easy for horses to jump clean. I wanted to ride Onyx as well as he did. Years later, when I felt like my progress with Onyx was stalled, I happened to be at the ring and watch Patrick Snijders on this one horse. I knew that horse wasn’t easy. I was amazed how different that horse looked by the end of the week. Patrick turned out to be the person who could explain to me what Kyle did on Onyx that made him so successful. He put the final pieces into our partnership that enabled me to finally turn Onyx into a success. Patrick is an upbeat guy with a great sense of humor. He proves better than anyone that you can be winner and have a lot of fun at the same time. Lastly is Sandra Verde Zanatta, she is my dressage coach. I dropped in for occasional lessons for years and she was extremely patient and adaptable with whatever horse, whether it was for competitive dressage or just making a jumper a little more rideable. She is like a walking textbook of knowledge, easy to understand. I began training for a dressage show during Covid; it really helped motivate me when there was little else to do. I am really grateful that I now love dressage.

Jacobsen: You have trained with “Canadian Olympian Jill Henselwood, US Olympian Buddy Brown, US Nations Cup rider Susie Hutchinson, and British team rider Kate Perrin.”[3] What were the main lessons or takeaways from Henselwood, Brown, Hutchinson, and Perrin, individually?

Froese: I credit Jill for getting me through Young Riders. I had never jumped 1.50m before and neither had Condor. Talk about a longshot. The thing she said to me more than anything else over the 3 years I spent with her was, “Hey, missy, jump the jump in stride or slightly collected” (I was notorious for picking the long distance – leaving the ground too far away from the jump). That’s where the name In Stride Training came from. Buddy is particularly special to me. He taught me riding theory  – which I desperately needed at the time. He would sit down in front of a computer (this was before we all had phones that videoed rounds) and would watch my rounds; he would pause and point out where my horse’s leg was at an exact moment in the canter stride and where it needed to be. That amount of time was well above and beyond what trainers typically do. Add to that, this was after Condor died and I was at my absolute toughest time with Onyx; training sessions were long, and, frankly, a mess. And he sat there pleasantly through it all. He helped me believe in myself again. Susie Hutch made winning easy. I always tell my students to do their detailed work at home and not overcomplicate it at shows; trust your training. The first thing I remember about Kate that made me sit up and take notice of her was that she set smart. She set courses at home that would do most of the work of schooling your horse for you. I still trot jumps to this day! For simplicit,y I listed on my website a few of my coaches whose resumes have an international success that is easy to convey to people who may not know show jumping well. There have been many more who are just as good, and each deserves their own paragraph about how they have contributed to my riding.

Jacobsen: What seems like the state of the industry in the Lower Mainland now? I’m told ALR and other definitional and bylaw restrictions make running a full facility difficult, as one example. Is there anything the municipal or provincial governments could do to help ease financial pressures on farms and stables?

Froese: Unfortunately, horses are expensive. Boarding facilities rarely make money. Boarding is not considered agriculture and does not qualify you for farm status. People try to buy or breed horses to flip (train for a short time and sell) to achieve farm status. Here’s the problem: horses almost always cost more than you can sell them for. By the time you have paid the purchase price, upkeep, training, show fees, membership fees, you usually lose money in order to gain farm status. Allowing boarding to qualify for farm status would certainly ease some of that pressure.

Jacobsen: How is Canadian equestrianism viewed on the international scene?

Froese: I may not be the best person to answer this question. After Young Riders I was invited to compete in Europe but it was too expensive to go. My entire experience has been in North America. Spruce Meadows has long been a destination for the best riders and Thunderbird has continually been growing and hosting bigger international events. EC (Equestrian Canada) has been working on developing team competitions for junior riders to help prepare them for a future in international sport. I think identifying talent, training and funding are areas that still certainly could be improved.

Jacobsen: Another socio-economic issue impacting the sport mentioned to me: The division, growing, between haves and have-nots in Canada. Apparently, it differs by sport, too. Dressage may be more out of reach for some than the world of jumper and hunter, as an example. Is this the experience and observation for you, too, or is it otherwise?

Froese: Yes, again, horses are expensive. And sadly, prices are going up. Horses are like houses; they cost what people will pay for them. Which does create a tremendous divide between the quality of horse that one can ride. If you have modest funding, you take a chance on a young horse, usually based on its bloodlines, and spend years developing it. Meanwhile, those with more funding find one that is already at, near, or even stepping down to the level they want to compete at. If that horse doesn’t work out, doesn’t get along with the rider, isn’t quite competitive enough, or goes lame, they can replace it. The rich can constantly compete, which the modest spend most of their time training. And of course, there are those that can’t afford to show at all. It’s heart breaking to see young talent squeezed out of the industry. My understanding is that dressage is slightly less expensive, but I may be wrong. The word dressage means training. I went to my first dressage schooling show last year, and the judge wrote on my test paper that I showed correct training. It was really nice to be noticed and rewarded for working correctly. In that way, I feel it is slightly more obtainable than show jumping; although, I have never competed in upper level dressage, so I can’t really compare them.

Jacobsen: How important is the sense and feel of working with a horse? I recall reading Ian Millar speaking to this as something anyone can develop, but I suspect this may be the hardest thing to make a refined sensibility after its basic development happens.

Froese: Absolutely, anyone can develop feel. I think it is a matter of how much feel they will develop, how far they will go. There are riders that you can see immediately have good feel; they’re naturals and possess skills you never had to teach them. Those riders will develop quickly and be extremely competitive – if they are funded. Legends like Ian Millar. But work ethic can overtake talent, especially if the talented don’t work hard. There is another aspect to feel, and that’s character. It’s a willingness to learn, first from your coaches, then from your horses. I have said this many times. Your horse has never read the riding manual. It’s a good starting place, but trainers have to learn to listen to what your horse is communicating to you, even if it seems counterintuitive at times. To learn, you have to be ok with being wrong sometimes. And to be persistent when you’re right. And experience to know the difference. And we have to offer that same consideration to our human athletes. People have different body types; what works for one may not for another. Being humble and adaptable is hard. Talent is nice, but I suspect most coaches will tell you what they really want in a student is one that listens and works hard.  

Jacobsen: For the facilities[4], the training is done by Bradner Hill Farms in Abbotsford with 14 stalls, paddock turnout, and “a heated indoor and a large outdoor arena,” while the “indoor ring was built in 2018.” Interestingly, the same company that built barns for Thunderbird built the ones for In Stride Equestrian Training, Spanmaster. Why select them for the construction? What was the design style kept in mind for the family at Bradner Hill Farms for the indoor ring?

Froese: Well, you guessed the answer. When we wanted to build, the first thing I did was talk to tournament manager, Chris Pack, at Tbird. We figured if it was good for Tbird, it was good for us. The idea behind fabric buildings is that they go up quickly and are supposed to cost less. They allow a lot of light in and create a bright, open environment.

Jacobsen: Another notable fact, “Footing was installed by Thunderbird Show Park”; this arose in some early conversations so far. The sharing of information, expertise, and capabilities, between equestrians in the industry. Is this sharing and camaraderie a common element of the Lower Mainland equestrian industry, in personal experience?

Froese: Networking is a crucial part of the industry. One of my students recently commented to me that there seemed to be a large oral tradition in the industry. So much of what trainers, riders, and owners learn is from talking to, watching, and working with people. For people who love horses, a lot of their friends were met, and friendships maintained at the barn and at horse shows. It connects people. Trainers typically get into the sport because they love horses, but really, it’s a people job. Every horse comes with an owner, owner’s family, vet, farrier, physiotherapist, etc. The ability to communicate well and get along with people is an advantage in the industry. Right now, I have a couple of clients that are taught by a different coach; the coach called me to ride the ponies regularly to train it separately from the rider. One because she was too tall the ride the pony (I am 5’1”); the other is an “old horsewomen” who no longer rides. I think these clients have a great advantage because their coaches were willing to work alongside someone else.

Jacobsen: There is an apparent gender split in the industry in Canada. Any hypotheses as to the gender disparities at different levels of the industry, e.g., clients, jumpers, dressage, barn managers, stable owners, etc.

Froese: There are certainly a lot more women in lower level sport than men. Years ago, a trainer (my senior) told me when he was a kid, the other boys made fun of him at school because he rode; I guess it wasn’t macho enough. A couple of years ago a student (my junior) told me none of the other boys at school would come ride with him because they were afraid of horses. I don’t know if these experiences accurately reflect the views of their generation or not, and anything beyond that would be complete guesswork on my part. I will say this. Horses are extremely powerful and extremely sensitive; as a result good riders and trainers also need to be both very tough and very sensitive. Decades ago, the value seemed to be put a more strongly on being brave or tough, likely stemming from jumping’s military roots; the risk of that is that people can become overbearing or cruel (both to horses and humans). There has been a big shift towards respecting sensitivity, keeping people safe, and helping them feel good about themselves. Which is good but also poses a risk: people become wimps. They don’t work as hard; they allow anxiety to control them and trainers can’t push them to due to liability. But people are safer around horses if they are fit and skilled. And horses are safer working for humans if their humans know what they should do and be physically capable of doing it. It’s a fine balance. Tending to one side or the other will affect what types of horses you will be most successful training. Regardless of gender, I think both qualities need to be valued highly.

Jacobsen: Any advice for younger people getting into the industry?

Froese: I can’t stress enough that you need a good coach. A little time with a quality coach will make you much safer and more successful than many hours under poor coaching just because they are cheap, close, or you just can’t imagine anything else. The hard part is you don’t know what you don’t know. How does a beginner judge what is a good coach? Being a talented, successful rider doesn’t automatically mean you are also good at teaching. Running a large barn might mean you’re good or might mean you don’t have much time to invest in each student. There are 3 things I think anyone can look for in a coach to help them get started: 1. Match the student’s learning style with the coach’s teaching style. Some students are visual and like demonstrations; some are auditory and need explanations and dialogue; others are kinesthetic and need exercises that allow them to feel and do. A rider will learn much more quickly if information is presented the way they most easily understand it. 2. Match personality type. A coach could be loud, quiet, high energy, calm, intense, laid back, competitive, etc. A loud, intense coach might be just the thing to motivate a laid back student. They also might give a timid, sensitive student PTSD. An ambitious student will want to be challenged; a weekend warrior will want to have fun, stay safe and be less concerned about results. 3. Watch for progress. There will certainly be ups and downs but overall there should be a trajectory towards the goal. If it stalls out, maybe that coach did its job, taught you what he or she knows, and it’s time to move on.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Joelle.

References

In Stride Equestrian Training. (2022a). About Joelle Froese and In Stride Training. Retrieved from https://www.joellefroese.com/about-joelle-froese-training.

In Stride Equestrian Training. (2022b). Facility Highlights. Retrieved from https://www.joellefroese.com/facility.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, In Stride Equestrian Training.

[2] Individual Publication Date: January 8, 2022: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/froese; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

[3] In Stride Equestrian Training. (2022a). About Joelle Froese and In Stride Training. Retrieved from https://www.joellefroese.com/about-joelle-froese-training.

[4] In Stride Equestrian Training. (2022b). Facility Highlights. Retrieved from https://www.joellefroese.com/facility.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. The Greenhorn Chronicles 1: Joelle Froese on Abbotsford, Bradner Hills Farm, and In Stride Equestrian Training [Online]. January 2022; 29(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/froese.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, January 8). The Greenhorn Chronicles 1: Joelle Froese on Abbotsford, Bradner Hills Farm, and In Stride Equestrian Training. Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/froese.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. The Greenhorn Chronicles 1: Joelle Froese on Abbotsford, Bradner Hills Farm, and In Stride Equestrian Training. In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.E, January. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/froese>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2022. “The Greenhorn Chronicles 1: Joelle Froese on Abbotsford, Bradner Hills Farm, and In Stride Equestrian Training.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.E. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/froese.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “The Greenhorn Chronicles 1: Joelle Froese on Abbotsford, Bradner Hills Farm, and In Stride Equestrian Training.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.E (January 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/froese.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘The Greenhorn Chronicles 1: Joelle Froese on Abbotsford, Bradner Hills Farm, and In Stride Equestrian Training’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.E. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/froese>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘The Greenhorn Chronicles 1: Joelle Froese on Abbotsford, Bradner Hills Farm, and In Stride Equestrian Training’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.E., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/froese.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “The Greenhorn Chronicles 1: Joelle Froese on Abbotsford, Bradner Hills Farm, and In Stride Equestrian Training.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 29.E (2022): January. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/froese>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. The Greenhorn Chronicles 1: Joelle Froese on Abbotsford, Bradner Hills Farm, and In Stride Equestrian Training [Internet]. (2022, January 29(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/froese.

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Conversation with Graham Powell on Issue XI of WIN ONE: Co-Editor, “Phenomenon” (10)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 29.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (24)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 4,295

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

His Lordship of Roscelines, Graham Powell, earned the “best mark ever given for acting during his” B.A. (Hons.) degree in “Drama and Theatre Studies at Middlesex University in 1990” and the “Best Dissertation Prize” for an M.A. in Human Resource Management from the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England in 1994. Powell is an Honorary Member of STHIQ Society, Former President of sPIqr Society, Vice President of Atlantiq Society, and a member of British MensaIHIQSIngeniumMysteriumHigh Potentials SocietyElateneosMilenijaLogiq, and Epida. He is the Full-Time Co-Editor of WIN ONE (WIN-ON-line Edition) since 2010 or nearly a decade. He represents World Intelligence Network Italia. He is the Public Relations Co-Supervisor, Fellow of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, and a Member of the European Council for High Ability. He discusses: the pattern for the publication; Elizabeth Anne Scott; Mandela; “The Universe as Automaton”; “A Critique of Modal Ontological Arguments”; “Quantum Computing in 2013”; “The Nine Dots Puzzle Extended to nxnx…xn Points”; “The City Sleeps”; “ATEM (Breath)”; “Photos of the moon”; “Individuality and the Ethical Life in Hegel’s Philosophy of Right”; “Part Two: Individuality and the Ethical Life in Hegel’s Philosophy of Right”; and “The Rectangular Spiral Solution for the n1Xn2X…Xnk Points Problem.”

Keywords: Graham Powell, WIN ONE, World Intelligence Network.

Conversation with Graham Powell on Issue XI of WIN ONE: Co-Editor, “Phenomenon” (10)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: With Issue XI, we have the pattern for the publication with 11/12/13 (11 December 2013). Why?

Graham Powell[1],[2]*: As noted previously, the publication date of the magazine traditionally has a numerical sequence, hence 11, 12, 13… a simple sequence this time.

Jacobsen: For the cover page, who is Elizabeth Anne Scott? What was the inspiration for it? Readers can see page 34 for the cover artwork.

Powell: Elizabeth is a member of the WIN. She is from Scotland and likes to paint. I was busy at the time and she volunteered to do something for the magazine, so I gave her the task of designing the front cover. Her pictures arrived near the publication time and were both of a similar theme: Christmas. I didn’t have much time and expanded one picture to cover the whole page, the originals being quite small – as you can see on page 34. Elizabeth had not added any text to indicate the magazine title, as requested, so I had to do it myself. I upset her (and, in retrospect, she was right to be so) because the picture was distorted. I would do things differently now. Sorry again, Elizabeth.

Jacobsen: This issue was one with a particular charm with the ease of submissions. It shows a changing culture and network of professional trust in the conduct of the journal and the submissions to the journal. Paul Edgeworth, Elizabeth Anne Scott, Beatrice Rescazzi, Phil Elauria, Claus Dieter Volko, Therese Waneck, Anja Jaenicke, Marco Ripà, Alan Wing-Lun, and Krystal Volney contributed to Issue XI. Was there change in the sensibility of the development of literary, artistic, and problem-solving community? Why quote Mandela for this issue of WIN ONE?

Powell: Firstly, Mandela. He is a personal favourite and he had just died – as noted in the editorial. I thought he warranted a quotation. Most of the contributors to this edition had become friends by this point, so the ‘feeling’ was, and is, more congenial, you are right. I think my cosmopolitan lifestyle and breadth of interest by 2013 meant that diverse talents were being expressed within the pages. That was satisfying, I must admit. It was also what I had envisaged for the magazine at the outset of my editorship.

Jacobsen: The issue opens with a piece by Claus Dieter Volko entitled “The Universe as Automaton” (2013). Volko deals with the conceptualization of a three dimensionality of space with a fourth dimension of time (Minkowskian space without explicit statement) while in reference to the Einsteinian formulation of a unified space-time as a computer scientist. He further extends into a hypothetical of a five-dimensional object, which he terms, in the formalities of computer science applied here, a “deterministic, finite automaton.” He writes, “If the hypothesis is right that there was initially just one point and the universe expanded with time, this means that the number of states per unit of time is growing with time, as well as the number of transitions.” In short, the hinges between states grow in proportion to the growth of time as the multidimensional “deterministic, finite automaton” progresses through time. He compares this idea to Stephen Wolfram’s (now-more-prominent) “A New Kind of Science” and cellular automata. Any thoughts on this idea? It links disparate fields and concepts in some principled ways and some others not in its loose extrapolations.

Powell: If you will indulge me a moment, Scott, I think firstly of the Ted Talk “The Invisible Woman”  by Nicole Johnson. In it, she notes how she is not listened to, and humorously concludes that she must be invisible. That continued until, according to Johnson, her friend gave her a book on cathedrals, fundamentally, because the immense work that goes into building any cathedral includes the creation of things that nobody will ever see. The details and finery continue to be worked on, as Johnson points out, even when the huge task that has been set the workforce is going to take longer than any of the craftsmen’s lifespan, and to reiterate, will not be seen by other people. But why do they dedicate themselves so assuredly? Well, Johnson says it’s because “He sees”.

In the case of the search for answers to the origins, existence and the extent of the universe, this seems to have a similar status, only the concept of ‘proof’ is the ‘God’, or the ergon of scientific investigation, as we may call it. Humankind will pursue the explanation of the universe and seek the TOE, even if it takes longer than each individual’s lifetime, which, for each scientist must seem to be so, or was so – and in this, think of Einstein, since you mention him. As we seek explanations, Claus gives a basic prognostication of a five state universe, an extension of Minkowskian space, and which was extrapolated upon by Minkowski’s PhD student, the aforementioned Albert Einstein. The concept of the ‘multiverse’ underpins string theory and this,, for many appears to be the closest we have got to a TOE in modern physics. We’ll see where it goes… perhaps, so will ‘He’.

As for my own opinion, I felt in my twenties until recently that the universe we inhabit is expanding, yet will eventually cease that expansion, then contract, reforming a singularity which will repeat the cycle. Now, as Penrose and others suppose as Conformal Cyclic Cosmology, they influence my thoughts as we have evidence of Hawking Points (as they are known) whereby, large Black Holes also shrink and cause singularities pertaining to the formation of universes. Hence, regarding Claus Volko’s article, I think you summarise it well at the end of your question.

Jacobsen: Phil Elauria wrote “A Critique of Modal Ontological Arguments.” He delves into the formalisms of St. Anselm of Canterbury, Mr. Onto. A sort of “my God is bigger than your God” argument with the pivot solely on “P4” or Premise 4 with the evaluative judgement of existence in the world and in the mind as “greater” than in the mind alone. Elauria states, “Personally, I find it difficult that such an argument could be taken seriously. I leave the task of explicitly criticizing or supporting points in Anselm’s argument to those who feel compelled to do so. I’m certainly not one of them.” I leave this task of interpretation to readers here. However, he references Alvin Plantinga, William Lane Craig, and Kurt Gödel and spins on adaptations of the foundational structure of the argument. We should note. Craig views Plantinga as the single greatest living theologian or Christian philosopher. Dana Scott, Christoph Benzmüller, and Bruno Woltzenlogel Paleo extend the formalization notions from Volko more into Anselm’s modernizations for a proposed ‘proof of the theorem’ as recently as 2013. Looking at the purported or asserted proof, what about an evil or bad god? A god with negative qualities rather than positive qualities. People worship those. Invert the valence of the premises, you ‘prove’ an argument for the existence of an evil god, too – hardly satisfying, let alone reassuring. One could use the logical formulation as a logical and moral refutation of Abrahamic formulations of theology with a ‘proof’ for an evil or bad god and, in a sense, Satan/the Devil/Beelzebub as the good guy, the real god, based on having the real qualities of a god as negative qualities inhered in its being (but then opposite becomes logically consistent and true, too, i.e., one comes to A and not A, where only paraconsistent bandits sneaking in the night can save us from the explosion of a deeper – non-structural – logical contradiction). Elauria admits to the equivocatory nature of the formulation of the MOA god with ‘proof’ of property “possibility” because one can fill in the blanks for a god here, not much substance. This differs from asserted properties of god in pop theology, e.g., omnibenevolence, omnipotence, aseity, etc. One would need connective tissue to make possibility co-extensive with other properties or to derive others. Whence mind-independence for the Mr. Onto disciples? Any thoughts on this argument for the existence of a god or the derivation of a god from abstract notions of proof of property possibility?

Powell: Another deep question, Scott – well done! You’re on a roll!

I suppose this harks back to our previous discussion because: this is the God that Johnson wanted her audience to recognise during her Ted Talk, that is, the best of us do good because the benevolent and appreciative God sees all that we do. We should display ‘good’ Christian values and behaviour at all times, particularly because God is omnipresent.

Whether there is a god (or not) for me is not as important as the moral behaviour that we should follow and display. In my experience, especially since about the time Phil wrote this article, when my life was thrown into disarray for a few years (mainly because I transgressed some Christian social doctrines) I seemed to be punished, and, in this sense, I now follow my wife’s belief that some ‘higher powers’ are mapping out a better future for us, which has definitely reinforced the determination to succeed, though we also share the doctrine of maintaining kindness and civility at all times, which has proven to be helpful and inspirational, not only for us, but for those who interact with us as well. If that can actually be taken as the influence of a god, then fine. If not, that is also fine.

As such, I think that it is in our behaviour (and the mode of interaction that we pursue) which is the major force that binds humanity together. The relationship we have with our bodies and minds (and with other people) plus our notions of our own existence (as purported by Heidegger, for example) have all been shown to influence our emotions and our cognitive responses to them.

So, this is my own philosophy, if you will, and by living this way, affirming the positive as much as possible and maintaining, as best I can, an agreeable relationship with self and others, I think (so, let’ say, ‘believe’) that this is the best way to maintain a happy life. I am certainly happy, and I feel that this will continue, despite the ups and downs that will inevitably come along.

Jacobsen: Krystal Volney talks about “Quantum Computing in 2013.” Her talents of comprehension and clarity of expression shine here. She talked about interviewing an expert named Dr. Vinton “Vint” Cerf. I found the statement of the four primary forms of practical quantum computation – one-way quantum computer, Quantum gate array, adiabatic quantum computer or computer based on Quantum annealing, topological quantum computer – interesting because, almost immediately after listing them, she stated the four competing models do not compete. They equal one another in functional power. The ability to process information through the manipulation of the potentials of states of electrons in a Quantum computer makes them unusual compared to classical computers in ways laid out by Krystal. Any thoughts of the technical presentation of the materials here? What was the original inspiration for Krystal’s submission here?

Powell: I remember that Krystal was studying computing at the time and at quite a high level, so I guess that was the inspiration for presenting this for publication.

Krystal was also interested in journalism and was networking to increase her potential for disseminating her work, hence, to a certain extent, her interview with the expert Dr. Vinton Cerf took place.

Krystal lays out the historical background to computing, much of which I recall because in the early days of my career I was a geophysicist, one who used computers, and hence, computing power, pretty much as she states, though in the late seventies, developments included hexadecimal programming and the utilization of multiple functioning chips, ones which did not cease operating when the first operation being dealt with was paused, a second function being taken on to fulfil ‘the job’ (as we referred to it). An early example was the Vax 11/780 computer, which greatly increased the processing time available, and hence increased our work rate considerably as we searched for potential oil fields.

I know the recent advances in quantum computing are akin to the points outlined by Krystal and the way forward is definitely via the fantastic work that is being done within the relevant university departments around the world. Soon, the knowledge and communication age will be underpinned by almost infinite computing power and our lives will have to adjust ever more quickly and appropriately to address it, preferably via creativity, innovation and the increased interactive means made available to humankind.

Jacobsen: Marco Ripà and Pablo Remirez published “The Nine Dots Puzzle Extended to nxnx…xn Points.” You helped with part of the solution or the presentation of the materials. To shorten this one, what was solved, in plain English?

Powell: The Nine Dots Problem is a famous one in which nine dots, arranged in three rows of three dots, must be joined by a minimal number of lines, the drawing implement used also drawing continuously, so without leaving the page, and it must only touch each dot once. It is the origin of the phrase: ‘To think outside the box.’ The human mind perceives the three rows of dots as ‘a box’ (actually, ‘a square’, so 3 squared), a quirk of the gestalt mindset, which organises to create patterns. Another example would be gazing at the stars at night and seeing patterns, ones we categorize as Astrological Signs. Marco didn’t stop at having nine dots, he increased the number as 4 x 4, 5 x 5, etc. and even produced, at a later stage, a beautiful video whereby the multiples of dots went three-dimensional, so truly expressed ‘Thinking Outside the Box’. I talked to Marco about this problem during the 12th Asia-Pacific Conference in Dubai and we talked again when we met at Rome airport near the time this magazine came out. I still have the original paper on my computer.

Marco worked with Pablo Ramirez on the presentation on YouTube and it is self explanatory there. I recommend people view it. Basically, the team worked on making a formula for the lowest number of connecting lines that would connect any number of dots that formed a square from any number, so, for example, ‘5 squared’ as 25 dots). This became extended to resolve the ‘connection problem’, as stated earlier, in three dimensions.

Jacobsen: Therese Waneck in “The City Sleeps” juxtaposes some of the cynicism and superficiality of the city life and then the expectation of a new generation. On the latter image, the new generations amount to a new spring in some fashion. It is, in its own way, a hopefully cynical presentation of life anew and the world that awaits the new. What do you get from this poem?

Powell: I view her poem as I view my own country of origin, England, even now. There is an innocence in the voice of the poem, the father figure seeking to protect and get his family though hard times, this being expressed a little sardonically on the part of the father, and with a fundamental lie to get them through. Lying about the fundamentals seems to be politically expedient these days, part of the strategy for getting what is wanted, so conscionable to those partaking in it. So, in this, Waneck’s poem expresses some of the zeitgeist of 21st century existence.

Jacobsen: Anja Jaenicke wrote “ATEM (Breath).” Something like an ode to lovers as “stars” while a son, rather than a daughter, brought to life and having its first breath with silent meditation of the story to unfold. I suspect the reference to celestial objects references the cosmic significance in such events. What do you get out of this poem?

Powell: Technically, what strikes me initially is the fact that the first and second lines don’t rhyme, nor half-rhyme. All the others are in rhyming couplets. At that time, I wondered if the first line could end in ‘bridge’, for example, but I don’t like to change poetry and there was no time to liaise with Anja about this point. The line ending in ‘begun’ is also written in a way that should use ‘began’ (past simple) so it would be better to change it to ‘On the day life had begun’, – which would also maintain the rhythm. As for the meaning, it seems to be a case of body parts kept preserved, fallen from the heavens, but for which purpose? Well, that seems to be the point being made: it’s not clear. Perhaps that is why the early structure is unclear too.

Jacobsen: Beatrice Rescazzi published some “Photos of the moon” with some commentary about the context for the visibility of the “tortured” surface of the moon. I really like the upper left quadrant photo with the heavy pock marks on the moon. Was there any commentary behind the submission other than that provided below the four photos?

Powell: The photos were published with Beatrice’s only comments for each photo, so no, there was no other text to be added, and that was what she wanted.

Jacobsen: Paul Edgeworth published “Individuality and the Ethical Life in Hegel’s Philosophy of Right” with a focus on Hegel and Hegel’s emphasis on ethical virtue and ethical conduct bound to individuality and a rational society. That’s a tall order. One may be bound to have a coffee from Starbucks labelled “Karl” in half-legible scrawl for a Mrs. Carla Jakkobsdottir returned with such complicated requirements for the Hegelian caffeinated brew. Edgeworth makes the argument for Hegel and the interplay between individualism and statism for a communal ethic, where the communal ethic is rational. To Hegel’s credit, he accrues a series of concrete examples, freedom and the communal ethic, as the interplay for individuals and states. His individualism as the basis for the communalism rests on an axiom of individual volition bound to an assertion of the “world of spirit” as in a “second nature.” Maybe, something like an active, volitional nature deriving from a second world. Although, even more confusing, Hegel blurs the distinction between the will and thought. To think is to have a rationality, to have a rationality amounts to an ethical conduct in potentia as thought and action (and so ethical acts for ethical conduct based on duties) with possible realization in the world, one assumes in potentia from a “world of spirit.” In Hegel’s system, the individual becomes a singular infinite, as the real “I” is pure thinking or thought. Edgeworth proposes this unlimited thought leads to the “Reign of Terror.” The proper thinking delimits itself into an object for study, so as, presumably, to reduce the possibility of a “Reign of Terror.” A self-determining “I” as a proper will (balanced will). There is an admittance of the fundamental reflective and recursive nature of consciousness in the text, which may belie a particular flaw in the pure thought idea as some pure and otherworldly abstract – and rather a derivation and a special type of derivation that – well – derivates indefinitely due to its recursive nature. (In this sense, it may not be “pure” and could function as a basic undermine of the entire philosophical system.) On objectivity, Hegel works to make objective individual proper will unified with the unity between the proper will of the individual second world comprised of the “whole realm of objective freedom and the whole of objective organization” or the Right. The proper I meets the Right when the subjectivity of proper will and the objectivity of the objective realm and organization come together, where a real world exists external to the mind and the mind can abstract it inside of itself. Hegel assumes a freedom of the will in this formulation. A means to will and own oneself, and a foundation for an “ethical consciousness.” An ethical consciousness as grounds for a common will and social contract, and the objective will as “what ought to be” setting the standard for the proper will (individual will) “as it is.” With a disunity between the objective will and the proper individual will, a wrong exists there. What do you think of this first-half presentation of the philosophy of Hegel with the objective will and the subjective will, ethical consciousness, and pure thought, as the basis for communal or individual-statist ethics?

Powell: In short, I agree with the caveats that you have highlighted in your introduction. Furthermore, I think the disjuncture between individual and statist ethics, as outlined by Hegel, in a great part explains why the British approach to the pandemic has gone so disastrously awry, the ‘common sense’ approach and reliance on retaining a sense of ‘individual freedom’, not being respected by the forces of nature in play. The approaches that have worked are either the common imposition of restrictions, that is, one presented as ‘being for the common good’ (like New Zealand’s government stipulated) or has been a governmental approach from leaders who are not questioned as authority figures (as in the United Arab Emirates). As such, the COVID 19 pandemic has been a great leveller in this argument.

Jacobsen: In “Part Two: Individuality and the Ethical Life in Hegel’s Philosophy of Right,” Edgeworth continues in some of the similar vein. For some reason, he dropped the intellectual scaffolding terms from earlier. There’s a double sense of morality. A moral subject, a subjective proper will with ethical consciousness, must conform itself to the universal will and, in so doing, an act and thought conforms to the Right of the “what ought to be” based on the moral subjects “as it is”-ing. Hegel remains clear: social animals must morally act socially to act morally rightly; pure subjectivism is an evil. Through a process of externalization of the individual will, and in a collective of individual wills in conformity with the universal will, and the construction of institutions in a society in the externalization process, the Right as abstract becomes actual through an intersect of the Right, collections of individuals acting with the rightness of and in conformity with the universal will, and the institutions of the society. The institutions of the society represent this internal-made-external and the construction of a rational state. The in potentia of the universal will represented in the actualization of rightly ordered individual wills in the society via its laws and institutions. Citizens acting in a rational society would act ethically substantively as representatives of the ideals of the society where the ideals and actualities of the society represent the universal will: subjective and objective as substance and, in morality, ethically substantive. Not authoritarianism with a lack of choice, a set of choices constrained in such a manner consistent with a rational society (and so rational life), e.g., choice in career. A choice permitted by a framework creating an individual ethical consciousnesses in accordance with the universal will while within the realm of correct moral choices within the Right. Individual, family, state (institutions and laws), become the three points of tension with a rational society permitting each freedom for construction and constraint for consistency/solidity. The state is “the highest expression of objective spirit,” where the “highest duty of an individual [is] to be a member of the state.” With rationality bound to notions of freedom and freedom of the will, Hegel posits an organicism of the state responsive to some of the changes of its constituents. Edgeworth sums this long formulation as a justification for one form of government: constitutional monarchy. The definitive representative of the individuals, the family, and the state in this constitutional monarchy as the monarch of the state, i.e., a representative of the universal will and collective wills of the people in alignment. An intersect of the subjective and objective discourses as a proposal for a society. Something like the monarch as the “Synthesis” to the subjective and objective “Thesis + Antithesis.” Do you think the constitutional monarchy is tenable? Does this form of thinking about ethics hold water to you?

Powell: To continue the idea of a constitutional monarchy, and with reference (again) to my own country of origin, I believe that the monarchy in place is the best way of representing what is best in society there, with its long sense of tradition and its stability of position, though much of its potential (to vary your phrase a little) has been attenuated, and it is largely a token position at the top, with theoretical powers that are not used, nor desired to be used. The modern era has, I am sorry to say, been identified as being full of falsities and misrepresentations, just to give the appearance of validity, and be falsely representative of the true will of those in power, and many of their followers. In that sense, the state has ceased to be ‘the highest expression of objective spirit’ and the majority of people seem to be accepting it. As such, the arguments presented don’t hold water for the long-term good of the majority because the dichotomy between objective truth and falsity has been blurred.

Jacobsen: Marco Ripà produced a conundrum as a short puzzle and then “The Rectangular Spiral Solution for the n1Xn2X…Xnk Points Problem.” Any thoughts on this one? He has been submitting mathematical pieces to In-Sight Publishing, more recently.

Powell: Yes, Marco presented the spiral solution to the points problem within the workings that we discussed earlier, and this works for all the n values. It is a neat little conundrum.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Graham.

Powell: You’re welcome, Scott, and thank you for the inspiration to review and reflect upon the deep issues presented in the magazine.

References

Edgeworth, P. (2013, December 11). Individuality and the Ethical Life in Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. Retrieved from http://winone.iqsociety.org/issues/WIN_ONE_11.pdf.

Edgeworth, P. (2013, December 11). Part Two: Individuality and the Ethical Life in Hegel’s Philosophy of Right Retrieved from http://winone.iqsociety.org/issues/WIN_ONE_11.pdf.

Elauria, P. (2013, December 11). A Critique of Modal Ontological Arguments. Retrieved from http://winone.iqsociety.org/issues/WIN_ONE_11.pdf.

Scott, E.A. (2013, December 11). Artwork for this WIN ONE. Retrieved from http://winone.iqsociety.org/issues/WIN_ONE_11.pdf.

Jaenicke, A. (2013, November 20). ATEM (BREATH). Retrieved from http://winone.iqsociety.org/issues/WIN_ONE_11.pdf.

Rescazzi, B. (2013, December 11). Photos of the moon. Retrieved from http://winone.iqsociety.org/issues/WIN_ONE_11.pdf.

Ripà, M. (2013, December 11). Conundrum designed by Marco Ripà. Retrieved from http://winone.iqsociety.org/issues/WIN_ONE_11.pdf.

Ripà, M. & Remirez, P. (2013, December 11). The Nine Dots Puzzle Extended to nxnx…xn Points. Retrieved from http://winone.iqsociety.org/issues/WIN_ONE_11.pdf.

Ripà, M. (2013, December 11). The Rectangular Spiral Solution for the n1Xn2X…Xnk Points Problem. Retrieved from http://winone.iqsociety.org/issues/WIN_ONE_11.pdf.

Waneck, T. (2013, December 11). The City Sleeps. Retrieved from http://winone.iqsociety.org/issues/WIN_ONE_11.pdf.

Volko, C.D. (2013, December 11). The Universe as Automaton. Retrieved from http://winone.iqsociety.org/issues/WIN_ONE_11.pdf.

Volney, K. (2013, December 11). Quantum Computing. Retrieved from http://winone.iqsociety.org/issues/WIN_ONE_11.pdf.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Co-Editor, “Phenomenon.”

[2] Individual Publication Date: January 1, 2022: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/powell-10; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Graham Powell on Issue XI of WIN ONE: Co-Editor, “Phenomenon” (10) [Online]. January 2022; 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/powell-10.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, January 1). Conversation with Graham Powell on Issue XI of WIN ONE: Co-Editor, “Phenomenon” (10). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/powell-10.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Graham Powell on Issue XI of WIN ONE: Co-Editor, “Phenomenon” (10). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A, January. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/powell-10>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2022. “Conversation with Graham Powell on Issue XI of WIN ONE: Co-Editor, “Phenomenon” (10).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/powell-10.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Graham Powell on Issue XI of WIN ONE: Co-Editor, “Phenomenon” (10).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 29.A (January 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/powell-10.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Graham Powell on Issue XI of WIN ONE: Co-Editor, “Phenomenon” (10)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/powell-10>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Graham Powell on Issue XI of WIN ONE: Co-Editor, “Phenomenon” (10)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 29.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/powell-10.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Graham Powell on Issue XI of WIN ONE: Co-Editor, “Phenomenon” (10).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 29.A (2022): January. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/powell-10>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Graham Powell on Issue XI of WIN ONE: Co-Editor, “Phenomenon” (10) [Internet]. (2022, January 29(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/powell-10.

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Free of Charge 12 – Foundation

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.E, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: December 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,461

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Dr. Herb Silverman is the Founder of the Secular Coalition for America, the Founder of the Secular Humanists of the Lowcountry, and the Founder of the Atheist/Humanist Alliance student group at the College of Charleston. He authored Complex variables (1975), Candidate Without a Prayer: An Autobiography of a Jewish Atheist in the Bible Belt (2012) and An Atheist Stranger in a Strange Religious Land: Selected Writings from the Bible Belt (2017). He co-authored The Fundamentals of Extremism: The Christian Right in America (2003) with Kimberley Blaker and Edward S. Buckner, Complex Variables with Applications (2007) with Saminathan Ponnusamy, and Short Reflections on Secularism (2019), Short Reflections on American Secularism’s History and Philosophy (2020), and Short Reflections on Age and Youth (2020). He discusses: Kurtz’s intention behind such a comprehensive statement of Secular Humanism; Kurtz; free inquiry; the separation of religion and state; critical intelligence; a moral education without supernaturalism; religion and supernaturalism; reason; evolutionary theory; an education broader than simply critical intelligence, moral education, and defining what is and what is not Secular Humanism; and to get right and appear to miss.

Keywords: ethics, Herb Silverman, Humanism, morality, Paul Kurtz, supernaturalism.

Free of Charge 12 – Foundation

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: With the large number of manifestos on offer including the Humanist Manifesto I (1933), Amsterdam Declaration (1952), Humanist Manifesto II (1973), A Secular Humanist Declaration (1980), A Declaration of Interdependence (1988), Humanism: Why, What, and What For, In 882 Words (1996), IHEU Minimum Statement on Humanism (1996), Humanist Manifesto 2000: A Call For A New Planetary Humanism, The Promise of Manifesto 2000, Amsterdam Declaration (2002), Humanist Manifesto III/Humanism and Its Aspirations (2003), Manifeste pour un humanisme contemporain/Manifesto for a contemporary humanism (2012), I find the analysis of each by a distinguished and elder member of the community welcome, and enlightening, especially with the third Amsterdam Declaration coming from Humanists International with input from the global Humanist community. A document representative, insofar as possible within C-19 conditions, of the democratic aspirations of the practices of Secular Humanism. One of the larger documents is A Secular Humanist Declaration (1980). What was Kurtz’s intention behind such a comprehensive statement of Secular Humanism? 

Dr. Herb Silverman[1],[2]: Paul Kurtz’s Secular Humanist Declaration (1980) described why democratic secular humanism has been a powerful force in world culture, and what we can do to fight anti-secularist trends posed by religion. Kurtz explained why the separation of religion and government is essential and why we needed to oppose the shackling of any type of free thought. He supported trust in human reason and compassion, rather than in divine guidance or untested superstitious beliefs. Kurtz promoted following the best science available.

Paul Kurtz’s greatest strengths were his abilities to found and grow organizations, including the current Center for Inquiry (formerly named the Council for Secular Humanism). He will be remembered as perhaps the most significant force in the second half of the 20th century supporting secular humanism and the ability to live a good life without religion.

Jacobsen: Also, as a short aside, what was Kurtz like as a person – behind the curtain so to speak?

Silverman: I first met Paul in the early 1990s at a meeting of the Council for Secular Humanism (CSH), and I became a regional director of CSH. It was the only nontheistic organization I had known about, and its fine magazine Free Inquiry was the only publication I knew that supported living a good and reasoned life without religion. Prometheus Books, another creation of Paul Kurtz, was the only publisher I knew that was devoted to books about Freethought.

I think Paul’s greatest weakness was his less than enthusiastic willingness to play well with others he saw as competitors. Kurtz became upset with me when I joined the board of the American Humanist Association (AHA). Both CSH and AHA seemed to be fine organizations worthy of my support, but I soon learned about their divisive history. Kurtz had been on the board of AHA and was the editor of The Humanist magazine, published by AHA. After Kurtz and the AHA parted ways in 1978, on less than friendly terms, Kurtz founded the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, the Council for Secular Humanism, and the Center for Inquiry. When I helped found the Secular Coalition for America in 2002, Kurtz wanted no part of it. He tended to view with suspicion any organization he didn’t lead or create. Shortly after Kurtz left CSH, they joined the Secular Coalition for America.

I was pleased when, in 2007, the AHA, at its annual conference, presented Kurtz with its Humanist Lifetime Achievement Award, which I think he richly deserved.

Jacobsen: One of the main emphases of American Secular Humanism has been freedom of speech. In other countries and at the United Nations, this gets labelled as freedom of expression in legal documents and human rights stipulations. The fundamental idea here seems as if the free inquiry, which is the first idea presented in A Secular Humanist Declaration – a document founded well before I was born. Why is free inquiry the first point made in such a document by a pillar of the intellectual history of Secular Humanism?

Silverman: First, Free Inquiry was the magazine that Paul Kurtz started, so you would expect his document to emphasize free inquiry. Commitment to free inquiry means we tolerate diversity of opinion and respect the right of individuals to express unpopular beliefs. Of course, all views should be open to critical scrutiny. The premise is that free inquiry is more likely to lead to truths with a free exchange of ideas. This applies to science, as well as to politics, economics, morality, and religion. Free inquiry also necessitates recognition of civil liberties, which include freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom of and from religion. Neither states nor religions may impose a religious doctrine on people.

Jacobsen: With the Trump Administration over, another poignant point made by Kurtz was the separation of religion and state, what have been some more aggressive moves in various states in the United States of concern and hammering home the points made by Kurtz once more?

Silverman: Currently, one of the most aggressive moves against separation of religion and government is in the state of Texas, which wants to allow a woman who has an abortion or someone who performs an abortion to be charged with assault or homicide, a crime punishable by death in the state of Texas. Other states have passed bills that greatly restrict a woman’s right to an abortion. The Supreme Court is also imposing a set of religious views on the rest of the country, like insisting a fetus is a person from conception. Our courts and our democracy face a crisis of credibility.

The good news is that many Americans are abandoning organized religious institutions. The “nones,” people who describe themselves as atheists, agnostics, or “nothing in particular,” has risen to 29 percent in America. The Make America Great Again crowd appeals to the nostalgia of a 1950s-era White Christian America. Before he ran for president, Donald Trump favored abortion rights. He changed to get the support of White Evangelical Christians, who rely on the politics of grievance and resentment. Rather than trying to expand its base, the Republican Party is passing restrictive voting and voter suppression laws in different states, and looking for ways to allow Republican-controlled state legislatures to throw out the results of fair elections. This attempt to turn the United States into a Christian authoritarian regime is a grave threat to the secular democracy that Kurtz wrote about.

Other similar concerns include adoption and foster care service where taxpayer funding is going to some faith-based institutions that discriminate against same-sex couples. School voucher programs are funneling taxpayer money to private religious schools that can be exempt from civil rights laws protecting minority faiths, atheists, and LGBTQ students. Tax-exempt nonprofit organizations, including churches, are not allowed to endorse candidates. With Donald Trump’s “blessing,” during his administration many churches endorsed candidates with no negative consequences to the churches. Using public funds to support religiously based discrimination violates the Establishment clause of the US Constitution and the civil rights of those who are denied access to government services. To promote separation of religion and government, we need to ensure that government money is made available only to programs and institutions that provide religiously neutral services without discrimination.

Jacobsen: What is critical intelligence? How is this an important part of living an ethically good life via Secular Humanism?

Silverman: Secular humanists are much more than just atheists, those without a belief in any gods. A secular humanist generally has a positive outlook on life, the view that we can do good and make a difference in our one and only life. Secular humanists recognize that ethics was developed as a branch of human knowledge long before religionists created moral systems based on divine authority. Some early developers of ethics include Socrates, Democritus, Epicurus, Erasmus, Hume, Voltaire, and Kant. They felt that ethical judgments are independent of revealed religion, and that we can apply our intelligence, reason, and wisdom to achieve the good life. For secular humanists, ethical conduct should be judged by critical reason, and the goal is to develop autonomous and responsible individuals capable of making their own choices in life based on an understanding of human behavior.

As Bertrand Russell said, “A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge.” I’ll close with two quotes from Robert Ingersoll, the Great Agnostic: “The hands that help are better far than the lips that pray.” And, “Reason, observation and experience, the Holy Trinity of science, have taught us that happiness is the only good, the time to be happy is now, and the way to be happy is to make others so.”

Jacobsen: What should be the contents of a moral education without supernaturalism?

Silverman: The real question is: What should be the contents of a moral education with supernaturalism? I see no realistic answer. We live in a natural, not a supernatural, world. We can make up the supernatural, and somehow bring morality into it. But that is just a fantasy, and people have a wide variety of supernatural beliefs.

Moral development should be promoted in children and young adults by public schools dealing with these values independent of religion. Children should learn about the history of religious moral practices, but they should not be indoctrinated in a faith before they are mature enough to evaluate the merits for themselves. A moral education makes use of the scientific method, which is the most reliable way of understanding the world. Science and technology have improved the human condition. They have had a positive effect on reducing poverty, suffering, and disease in various parts of the world, in extending longevity, and in making the good life possible for more and more people. And while technology can be good, we should not accept what we see on the Internet without evaluating it critically.

In comparing religious and secular morality, we should ask whether it is right to stone homosexuals and disobedient children to death or whether it’s okay to beat people you own as property. If you don’t think it’s moral to do these things, then your moral principles do not come from holy books.

Jacobsen: Kurtz synonymizes religion and supernaturalism in the point about religious skepticism. How are they the same? Are they different? If so, how so? 

Silverman: Religion and supernaturalism have much in common. Most religious people believe in a supernatural deity. However, not all religions believe in the supernatural. I belong to three different religions: American Ethical Union, with Ethical Culture Societies; Society for Humanistic Judaism, with atheist rabbis; and the UU Humanists. All three religions are nontheistic and active participants in the Secular Coalition for America. I’ve also met people who claim not to be religious, but believe in supernatural things like astrology, psychics, and crystals.

Jacobsen: What is reason, properly defined, in a secular humanist philosophy?

Silverman: Reason, for secular humanists, is the use of the rational methods of inquiry, logic, and evidence to develop knowledge and test truth claims. Since humans are prone to err, future corrections sometime need to be made. There are no dogmas in secular humanism. Though our reasoning isn’t infallible, we think reason and science make major contributions to human knowledge and intelligence. Reason has led to the emancipation of hundreds of millions of people from a blind faith in religion and has contributed to their education and the enrichment of their lives.

Jacobsen: How does evolutionary theory present a robust support for a secular humanist philosophy and ethic compared to religious ethics based on interpretations of holy scriptures or holy books?

Silverman: The theory of evolution is under attack by religious fundamentalists, who would like to see creationism taught in schools. A scientific theory like evolution or gravity is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through observation and experimentation. From Darwin on, countless peer-reviewed scientific papers have supported evolution. We wouldn’t have expected scientifically ignorant writers of so-called holy books who lived thousands of years ago to have described the theory of evolution, DNA, or any discovery of modern science, and they didn’t. Evolution is controversial, but the controversy is religious and political, not scientific. Some religions feel threatened by evolution because it contradicts the creation story in Genesis. Even though there is a Flat Earth Society, we don’t teach the flat/round controversary in science class. Creationism should no more be taught as an alternative to the theory of natural selection than “stork theory” should be taught as an alternative to sexual reproduction. Creationism is an alternative to Zeus or Krishna, not Darwin.

As secular humanists, we recognize that we are a highly social and cooperative species. We have evolved to have an innate sense of empathy as a survival mechanism, coupled with thousands of years of experience creating and maintaining complex societies. We have learned what behaviors are best at keeping our species functioning smoothly.

Jacobsen: What might an education broader than simply critical intelligence, moral education, and defining what is and what is not Secular Humanism, to encapsulate Kurtz’s ideas of a “melioristic” form of educational mindset?

Silverman: Meliorism is the belief that the human condition can be improved through concerted effort, and that we have an inherent tendency toward progress. This fits in well with Kurtz’s view on democratic secular humanism, where we look forward with hope rather than backward with despair. We are committed to extending the ideals of reason, freedom, individual and collective opportunity, and democracy throughout the world. The problems we will face in the future, as in the past, will be complex and difficult. Secular humanism places trust in human intelligence rather than in divine guidance. Secular humanists approach the human situation in realistic terms, holding human beings responsible for their own destinies. We believe it is possible to bring about a more humane world based on reason, tolerance, compromise, and negotiations of difference.

Jacobsen: What does this 1980 document seem to get right and appear to miss?

Silverman: I agree with just about everything in the document, possibly with one minor exception: “This declaration defends only that form of secular humanism which is explicitly committed to democracy.” While I certainly favor democracy, I can picture a country with a benevolent dictator who is a secular humanist and supports human rights. Since secular humanism continues to evolve with new information and evidence, an update to the 1980 document should probably address climate change, racism, sexism, and LGBTQ rights. I would also add suggestions on how secular humanists can improve the quality of their personal life, which includes physical activity, a good diet (perhaps vegetarian), getting enough sleep, reducing stress, and having a sense of humor with lots of laughter.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Dr. Silverman. 

Appendix I: Footnotes

 [1] Founder, Secular Coalition for America; Founder, Secular Humanists of the Low Country; Founder, Atheist/Humanist Alliance, College of Charleston.

[2] Individual Publication Date: December 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-12; Full Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Free of Charge 12 – Foundation [Online]. December 2022; 28(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-12.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, December 22). Free of Charge 12 – Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-12.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Free of Charge 12 – Foundation. In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.E, December. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-12>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. “Free of Charge 12 – Foundation.In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.E. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-12.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Free of Charge 12 – Foundation.In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.E (December 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-12.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Free of Charge 12 – Foundation’, In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.E. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-12>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Free of Charge 12 – Foundation’, In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.E., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-12.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Free of Charge 12 – Foundation.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.E (2022): December. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-12>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Free of Charge 12 – Foundation [Internet]. (2022, December 28(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-12.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links September be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and September disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Intelligence Culture: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (6)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: December 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,368

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

LaRae Bakerink was the Elected Chair of American Mensa and a Member of the Executive Committee of the International Board of Directors of Mensa International. She has been a Member of San Diego Mensa since 2001. Bakerink earned a bachelor’s degree in Finance and an M.B.A. in Management. She lives in San Diego with her husband, Steve. She discusses: Covid time and organization maintenance; SIGs; intellectual ability; a higher general awareness than others; a gender skew; and where you learn more about her.

Keywords: American Mensa, EQ, Executive Committee, intelligence, IQ, Larae Bakerink, Mensa Foundation, Mensa International, San Diego.

Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Intelligence Culture: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (6)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: So, what are your newest experimental projects or initiatives coming out Mensa now, or is it more in Covid times that you want to keep things at maintenance level?

Larae Bakerink[1],[2]: Yes, Covid times has made things very tough. We have a world gathering coming up this year since it is the seventy fifth anniversary of Mensa International. And world gathering is going to be in Houston. So, American Mensa gets to host the world gathering this year. So, not only do we have the international board of directors coming for their meeting then we’re going to have our board of directors there for the meeting plus the big convention for the whole thing. So, it’s going to be a 9-day event in Houston. So, our biggest thing is trying to figure out, “Can we still make it happen? What are the things we need to put in place?” So, we’re really working on trying to get that, but since it’s late August we think we’re going to be in pretty good shape, but more of it on American Mensa’s level. We’re really trying to focus on focused marketing, how we can give our members more satisfaction because there are so many venues out there for them to find social venues for high IQ.

Like I said, there’s Meetup and a bunch of other groups and Facebook, where I can just get my interaction over here instead of having to pay membership to Mensa for it. So, those are the key things, how to keep and satisfy our current members and how to attract new members because since one out of 50 people can qualify; we should have a lot more members if we could get them to join or even know about Mensa. I was so excited when I qualified. I knew that I would qualify, but when I finally submitted everything and joined. I told a cousin of mine. I was so excited. I was in Mensa. And she looks at me, says, “What is that?” You know what that does to your ego, and you do not even know what it is.

Jacobsen: It’s a rarefied thing. It’s not necessarily something everyone will know about or if they do know about it, whether or not they will have a high degree of concern for it.

Bakerink: Yes, or they’ll have a positive response to it.

Jacobsen: Sure.

Bakerink: Because it’s been made fun of for so long. I mean being a high IQ, smart, geek, nerd, whatever you want to call it, for so many years was looked down upon. And now, it’s like that’s the cool thing. I was so excited. I know people have different ideas about this when Big Bang Theory came out, the television show. And every one of those guys is someone I grew up with. Yes, those are the people that I hung out with. Although, I was the girl in the comic book shop with all the guys because I was hanging out with my cousin, my friends, but that coming out. That becoming more mainstream while, yes, they did poke fun at certain things because anything to the extreme is going to be laughable.

But they brought out a lot of the angst and the concerns that can happen during this, being around those kind of people, and what it entails and how hard it can be. So, I think that was like the turning point for us. I really think it was that it was okay. It’s okay to be smart. Yes, you’re going to be a little different. We’re all a little different, but I think that that really kind of made it more acceptable. Even though, there are still going to be people who make fun and all that. Differences are going to cause that. It’s human nature.

Jacobsen: Do you think the Underachiever Special Interest Group is something reflective of a category of those kinds of individuals based on their experience, more or less, licking their wounds and commiserating with one another?

Bakerink: It’s a big joke. It’s like, “I could have done this, and I didn’t.” Some parts of it are serious. I think some of them do commiserate like, “I probably should have gone on and got my Ph.D.” But why? Because my younger sister has her Ph.D. She’s always gone, “Ha, ha! I’m a doctor.” So, I just think the underachievers is: I think we all feel that way, like the Imposter Syndrome. ‘Why are we here? I do not feel like I deserve it.” So, I think that happens a lot.

Jacobsen: There is also a certain egalitarian mild denial social culture that people differ on a lot of traits including intellectual ability, cognitive ability. Do you think that’s a common thing in North America?

Bakerink: I do not think everyone is really aware. I find that people with a higher IQ are more aware of that and tend to feel like they do not meet their own expectations, but I do not feel like it’s something that’s a common awareness. I think people more in general – trying not to be too general, but, in general, they just view things, “Oh, she’s much better at math than I am,” or, “He’s a great handyman. He can figure anything out kind of thing.” I think that’s more how they look at it rather than as intelligence or a form of intelligence, just in general feeling. Those of us in the High IQ societies. We’re the ones who focus more on whether it’s intelligence or not, but the general population they do not look at it that way. They just think, “Well, that person.” They do not even think that person is smarter than I am.

They think that person is better at this particular thing than I am. So, they’re better at working on their car, or they’re better at building a computer, or they’re better at doing math. That kind of thing. I do not even think, just my conversations with friends, because I have a lot of friends who are not in Mensa; they do not even think about it that way. Their conversations are more, “Steve just is really great at that,” if he can fix any car.

Jacobsen: So, based on that, it seems more surface level direct observation rather than “What’s the root variable for those individuals potentially being better in those domains?”

Bakerink: I do not think that. That’s just not in their realm. I do not mean it to be degrading. I do not mean it in a way that they’re not smart enough to think that. I just think that in general; their perception doesn’t go that way. Their perception is more as I see this, “Hey, that was pretty smart. That was cool. I would not have figured that out. Ok, cool. That was nice,” and kind of move on.

Jacobsen: So, maybe, it’s something like having a higher cognitive ability or rare cognitive ability. You have a certain expanded awareness in general about ideas, social surroundings, and culture. And at the same time, there’s also been an amplification of that within the culture of the High IQ societies. So, it’s just that much more.

Bakerink: It’s that much more for us because it’s something we are aware of, because it’s something that we focused on to get into a society. And it’s something we talk about in the society because we’re constantly discussing the testing and how to qualify, and how are you going to do this and then making sure that presentations are exciting and interesting enough. So, they focus on that more. I think it’s just your general awareness of your surroundings and the IQ part’s just not the focus. “How do I accomplish this?” And I do not even think that sometimes people are smarter than others. It’s just that I got to this place in three seconds. It took you ten, but we got to the same place. I just got there faster.

Does that make me smarter, or does it just make me a little quicker? So, I try really hard to look at it from that point of view. I’m not necessarily smarter. I just got to that place a little faster. And to me, that makes me faster on test. That makes me able to do things or to come up with a solution a little faster, but doesn’t make me necessarily smarter. Someone asked me one time, “Well, do you consider yourself a genius?” I’m like, “No.”

Jacobsen: That’s a very rare title.

Bakerink: That was a reporter that had asked me that. “Do you consider yourself a genius?” I’m like, “No.” And he goes, “But you’re in this high IQ society, yes?” What do I consider genius? Someone who actually takes their ability and does something with it. To me, that’s genius. Just having the smarts doesn’t.

Jacobsen: I mean for every person that’s really good in school. There’s a lot of other people who have the same ability level that aren’t motivated at all or they might have a comorbidity that could prevent learning sufficiently at a particular time. Dyslexia, it’s undiagnosed. English is a core course to graduate high school. It could even be a social thing that impacts like a young male on the autism spectrum. If social life is not too well, they do not understand what’s going on. That’s a lack of self-insight. They’re isolated. They drop out sort of thing. These things happen all the time.

Bakerink: Now, I spent three months training a young Mensan who kept losing his job. He would fight with his bosses all the time and say, “No, this is the right answer. I know better than you.” So, I worked with him for three months. He was a friend. I was really trying to help him and just explain to him, “No, you do not tell your boss you’re smarter than he is.” I go, “Number one, do not ever say that.” I go, “You stop and listen, figure out what they’re trying to tell you. And then say, ‘Well, this is how I see it,’ and give them the work and show them where you may be right and do not insist that you’re right.” He’s been in the same job now for five years, so I’m really happy.

Jacobsen: Congratulations, you’re z.

Bakerink: So, like I said it’s all the EQ with the IQ, can make a big difference.

Jacobsen: Now, in some of the demographics, you’re mentioning there were thirty plus thousand men, fifteen plus thousand women. So, it’s about a two to one ratio. So, obvious question, why?

Bakerink: I have my personal opinion that I think women, often, do not think they’re as smart as they are. It could be the way they were raised just general. Like I said, I’ve had women tell me the only reason they joined Mensa was because their husband told them they were stupid and they had to prove otherwise. And they really didn’t think they would qualify. And the other thing too is women are the ones who have the children and stay home. Not so much anymore that is changing quite a bit. So, they’re social. What they’re seeking for social interaction is not the same. So, many times the men are out there looking for a smart woman.

Jacobsen: So, they join Mensa.

Bakerink: M Available, that’s one of the SIGs. That’s the dating one. That’s the one. They’re looking for a significant other.

Jacobsen: So, what areas have we not covered? That’s a wide range.

Bakerink: It always is when you’re talking about Mensa. That’s one of the beauties and the absolute horrors of Mensa. We are the two percent of everything. How do you run an organization and get people excited when they have nothing in common, but their IQ? That’s why we have SIGs. If we didn’t have SIG,s Mensa wouldn’t really be what it is because you’d have fifty thousand people with absolutely nothing in common and nothing to talk about because they do not know who to talk to, but the SIGs provide that for them. And how do you figure out how do you lead? How do you figure out the path for the organization? Like I said, I’ve been in a bunch of different organizations. They have a specific purpose or a goal to get to. Like DARs, Daughters of American Revolution that’s all based on your history. Or, in trade organizations, you’re focusing on whatever your industry is.

Mensa is not that. We’re supposed to seek out and foster intelligence in humanity and that sort of thing, and part of what the foundation does helps us with that goal, but to provide a stimulating atmosphere is another one of our missions. So, that’s kind of what we focus on is the events, and then the SIGs because those are all different things that can provide a stimulating atmosphere to people in varied interests. There are people who take such joy in Mensa. We’ve had people that have been members for fifty years. I’m a life member, and I didn’t join until I was forty. So, I’m over twenty years now, but, yes, it’s crazy. It’s weird, but it brings great joy. There are people who absolutely do not know what they would do with their lives without Mensa. Because we have second generation members in leadership now. Now, our national treasurer, she’s a second generation member. She attended her first event in the womb. So, for some people, it’s what they need in their life. And for others, it’s just a little badge of honor.

Jacobsen: Now, the proper website is, to close, USMENSA.org.

Bakerink: Yes. If you want to see my full go to my website, Bakerink.com has my CV on it.

Jacobsen: Thank you so much. And have a lovely Pfizer field trip.

Bakerink: Yes, thank you very much. Me too. All right. Well, it was very nice to meet you. Thank you for the opportunity.

Jacobsen: Thank you too.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Former Chair, American Mensa; Former Member, International Board of Directors (Executive Committee), Mensa International; Former Ex-Officio Member, Mensa Foundation; Member, San Diego Mensa.

[2] Individual Publication Date: December 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-6; Full Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Intelligence Culture: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (6) [Online]. December 2021; 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-6.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, December 15). Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Intelligence Culture: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (6). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-6.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Intelligence Culture: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (6). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A, December. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-6>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Intelligence Culture: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (6).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-6.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Intelligence Culture: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (6).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A (December 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-6.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Intelligence Culture: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (6)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-6>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Intelligence Culture: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (6)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A, http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-6.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Intelligence Culture: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (6).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.A (2021): December. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-6>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Intelligence Culture: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (6) [Internet]. (2021, December 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-6.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Free of Charge 11 – Interlude to the Freethought Finale

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.E, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: December 8, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,585

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Dr. Herb Silverman is the Founder of the Secular Coalition for America, the Founder of the Secular Humanists of the Lowcountry, and the Founder of the Atheist/Humanist Alliance student group at the College of Charleston. He authored Complex variables (1975), Candidate Without a Prayer: An Autobiography of a Jewish Atheist in the Bible Belt (2012) and An Atheist Stranger in a Strange Religious Land: Selected Writings from the Bible Belt (2017). He co-authored The Fundamentals of Extremism: The Christian Right in America (2003) with Kimberley Blaker and Edward S. Buckner, Complex Variables with Applications (2007) with Saminathan Ponnusamy, and Short Reflections on Secularism (2019), Short Reflections on American Secularism’s History and Philosophy (2020), and Short Reflections on Age and Youth (2020). He discusses: theology and Asimov; empathy and reciprocity; creationism and reciprocity; contributing to secular humanist culture; the God of the gaps; private post-secondary religious institutions; and equity.

Keywords: America, ethics, Herb Silverman, Humanism, morality, religious belief, supernaturalism.

Free of Charge 11 – Interlude to the Freethought Finale

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Your orientation on theology is intriguing to me. The stance from the previous session. Where, “if done right,” theology can be seen as the study of religious belief, which differs from standard definitions as the study of God. Other than an outcome of producing atheists with, for example, reading the holy texts. The idea of rational stances as an outcome of consideration of the broad range of the religious milieu, textual and otherwise. I am reminded of Isaac Asimov, “I prefer rationalism to atheism. The question of God and other objects-of-faith are outside reason and play no part in rationalism. Thus, you don’t have to waste your time in either attacking or defending.” It is about a scholasticism in the sense of coming to a rational comprehension of human irrationality, as found in the religions old and new. Are there any other positive outcomes in the study of the world religions, especially in the most sympathetic and objective light? 

Dr. Herb Silverman: As much as I respect Asimov, I disagree somewhat with his saying that objects of faith play no part in rationalism. It depends on what you mean by “rationalism.” To me, it’s about using facts and coming up with a reasonable conclusion based on those facts. For instance, a person could say the following. Fact: My goal in life to be happy. Fact: I can only be happy believing that I will have an eternity of bliss when I die, and therefore, it only makes sense for me to believe I will have an eternity of bliss. This person makes a logical and rational argument to maintain his belief. He will not suffer negative consequences in this life, nor will we be able to convince him that his afterlife belief is wrong.

When Asimov says he prefers rationalism to atheism, I would say atheism for me was a natural outcome of rationalism. I don’t think it is a waste of time to defend atheism when so many people attack it. I like to give thoughtful arguments defending my beliefs or lack thereof, and discuss with theists their beliefs and how they came to them.

In terms of positive outcomes in studying world religions, I think it’s important to learn what other people think, and why. Theists who study world religions might begin to question why  their religion is correct (usually the religion in which they were raised) and all the others are wrong. As well, while studying world religions, we might also see a lot of positives in them (like various versions of the Golden Rule), and a reason why we should treat all humans with respect, even if we think some of their beliefs are nonsense.

Jacobsen: How can empathy and reciprocity be improved in social relations at the individual level?

Silverman: It helps if we try to look at any situation from the other person’s point of view. As members of a highly social and cooperative species, we can recognize that our innate sense of empathy evolved as a survival mechanism. That, along with thousands of years of experience creating and maintaining complex societies, enables us to know what sort of behaviors best keep societies functioning smoothly. I must acknowledge that “tit for tat” is one of the most effective means for survival—treating others the way they treat you. This often encourages others to be as nice to you as they want you to be nice to them.

Jacobsen: To a scrolling creationist making criticisms of reciprocity in human life, as if against principles of selection in nature, so attempting to use straw men of evolutionary thinking to country evolutionary arguments empathy and reciprocity, any response? As I am sure, you must have come across these phenomena before.

Silverman: Many creationists are not interested in what you think because they claim to be so sure that they are right. They only wish to impart their “knowledge” to you. Some of them do not want to wear masks or get vaccines because they believe their god will save them from disease, despite so much contrary evidence. If we can find common ground with creationists on some issues, we might be able to encourage them to hear our point of view.

Jacobsen: What do you consider the most valuable contribution to the secular humanist community in your life?

Silverman: In my life, it was finding out that secular humanists exist and are now out of the closet. I had been a secular humanist most of my life without having heard of the term until people like Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson criticized it. So, I knew it must be a good thing. When I ran for governor of South Carolina in 1990 to challenge the provision in the SC Constitution that prohibits atheists from becoming governor, I heard from a number of atheist and secular humanist groups about all the worthwhile things they were doing. I proudly became part of that movement of people who are good without any gods.

Jacobsen: Will the gap ever completely close for God of the gaps arguments to stop?

Silverman: I doubt it. There will always be a “god of the gaps” argument because there will always be gaps in human knowledge. When science solves a problem, new questions often arise from that problem. Darwin’s Origin of Species answered many god of the gaps questions. When gaps are filled, the remaining gaps for God keep getting smaller. We now know that lightning is an electrical buildup and discharge in the atmosphere, and that earthquakes are shifts in the plates of the Earth’s crust. An interesting modern example of complete ignorance came from Bill O’Reilly on Fox News when he said that tidal movement was an unexplained phenomenon, implying that God willed the oceans to move. We have known for centuries that tides are caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth and its moon, and we can say in advance when it will occur. One of my favorite quotes, long before the phrase “god of the gaps” was used, comes from the physician Hippocrates: “People think that epilepsy is divine simply because they don’t have any idea what causes it. But I believe that someday we will understand what causes epilepsy, and at that moment, we will cease to believe that it’s divine. And so it is with everything in the universe.”

Jacobsen: How are private post-secondary evangelical Christian universities contributing to this culture of Trumpism or a post-Trump administration, and the sense of besiegement against white Christians in America? A personal and collective sense, amongst themselves, of losing the country. When, as a Canadian looking onwards, America is meant, or should be seen as, for every citizen of the nation, so when one group sees themselves as losing, then everyone loses, because of seeing themselves as a group apart from the whole and deindividuating into a mass, and in resentment and hostility, which seems nationally self-destructive in the long-term (if kept up).

Silverman: When Donald Trump used the phrase MAGA (Make America Great Again), he was probably hearkening back to growing up in the 1950s when Blacks “knew their place” and white Christianity was privileged and viewed by many as America’s religion. Even though our godless U.S. Constitution prohibits favoring one religion over another or religion over non-religion, it was true that the majority of citizens at that time were white Christians. Times have changed, and Christian nationalists are upset by changes that have happened to the country.

We know that many religious universities do not teach subjects like evolution, which conflicts with their religious agenda. Even worse, some religious universities have political agendas, including the well-known Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia. Its former president, Jerry Falwell Jr., considered it immoral for evangelicals in 2020 not to support President Trump, adding that Trump could do nothing to lose his support. Falwell was later forced to resign the presidency because of a sex scandal. He hadn’t objected previously to Trump’s sex scandals.

Today, minorities are demanding and receiving some of the equal rights they deserve. We certainly are not yet where we should be, but I think we are moving in the right direction despite Trump and his followers. In the 1950s, in my home state of South Carolina, there were separate water fountains for white and black people. And black people were expected to step into the street to let a white person pass on the sidewalk.

Jacobsen: What specific programs and benefits can help poor schools attain greater equity with the rest of the nation, e.g., decent nutritional programs for kids to have energy and to be able to develop strong minds and to have clarity of mental life, etc.? I ask this as a practical example of secular humanist ethics for those who may benefit the most from it.

Silverman: No school needs to be deficient in any way—enough examples of successful schools exist throughout the country. Students and teachers need adequate resources. When state and local governments make having good schools a specific, primary goal, they allocate adequate tax funds, hire enough competent teachers for smaller-size classes, and have needed counselors. Residents of state and local communities choose what kind of schools they will have, by electing candidates who will or won’t support excellent education for all students, regardless of race or economic level. Education is the tide that lifts all boats and addresses most societal problems. 

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Dr. Silverman.

Appendix I: Footnotes

 [1] Founder, Secular Coalition for America; Founder, Secular Humanists of the Low Country; Founder, Atheist/Humanist Alliance, College of Charleston.

[2] Individual Publication Date: December 8, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-11; Full Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Free of Charge 11 — Interlude to the Freethought Finale [Online]. December 2022; 28(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-11.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, December 8). Free of Charge 11 — Interlude to the Freethought Finale. Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-11.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Free of Charge 11 — Interlude to the Freethought Finale. In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.E, December. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-11>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. “Free of Charge 11 — Interlude to the Freethought Finale.In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.E. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-11.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Free of Charge 11 — Interlude to the Freethought Finale.In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.E (December 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-11.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Free of Charge 11 — Interlude to the Freethought Finale’, In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.E. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-11>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Free of Charge 11 — Interlude to the Freethought Finale’, In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.E., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-11.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Free of Charge 11 — Interlude to the Freethought Finale.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.E (2022): December. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-11>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Free of Charge 11 — Interlude to the Freethought Finale [Internet]. (2022, December 28(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-11.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links September be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and September disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa Demographics and Testing: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (5)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: December 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,877

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

LaRae Bakerink was the Elected Chair of American Mensa and a Member of the Executive Committee of the International Board of Directors of Mensa International. She has been a Member of San Diego Mensa since 2001. Bakerink earned a bachelor’s degree in Finance and an M.B.A. in Management. She lives in San Diego with her husband, Steve. She discusses: staff; tests for acceptance; the magazine; demographics; younger people; and types of email.

Keywords: American Mensa, EQ, Executive Committee, intelligence, IQ, Larae Bakerink, Mensa Foundation, Mensa International, San Diego.

Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa Demographics and Testing: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (5)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: We covered some of the tests. That’s for psychiatrists and psychologists. We covered the social aspects of history, covered the important aspects around the fact that it’s democratic. And it’s volunteer based.

Larae Bakerink[1],[2]: Yes, we do have a staff at the national office. We actually have paid employees. We have the largest staff of any of the national Mensa’s ,but we’re the largest national Mensa of any of the national Mensa’s, but yes, the direction is given by the board to the staff, and then the staff carries it out under the executive director.

Jacobsen: So, how many staff and executive directors are there?

Bakerink: One executive director, I believe there’s a total of nineteen staff.

Jacobsen: That’s quite hefty.

Bakerink: It is, but when you consider the fact that we have so many members and we have these huge events, we have the world gathering coming up this year, and then we have Mind Games, which is another national event that’s just game playing. Now, you want to be a board game nerd. That’s the place to go. It’s four hundred people. You have forty hours to play thirty games. There’s usually seventy games. They’re submitted by game board companies. The games have to be less than two years old, but they have to be on the market. So, no prototypes which is too bad because I’d love to get my hands on some prototypes, but everybody in a big room. You play the games together. You rate them. You score them, and then the top five winners at the end of the weekend get what’s called the Mensa Select seal.

And that means that they’re allowed to put this golden seal on their box that says it was voted one of the highest for whatever year by Mensa members. And it’s a big competition, the game companies like it because we’re the only non-paid award they can get. All the other awards that game companies get, they can put money up for it. For us, they have to earn it. Our members have to grade them high for them to earn it. So, they really like getting our award. And it’s a blast. It is so much fun because you stay up all night. Because you want to make sure you get your thirty games, but, most of the people who attend, they want to play every single game there because you get to take a couple of them home at the end of the event. So, they want to pick the game that they want to take home.

So, we have that plus all the regional gatherings. We have a huge magazine that’s put out every month. There’s a lot to running our organization and the employees also support the foundation. And the foundation is a whole separate thing, its own separate board, separate company. So, we do have a big staff, but every one of them plays a really important role in helping our local groups with leadership development, making sure that everything’s all up to date plus taking in all the scoring because the proctors do not score any of the tests. The proctors give the tests then pack them up, and they all get sent to the national office. They’re scored there. So, the staff handles a lot that you would not want to volunteer to handle. Plus, our website is huge and database management is a big deal. That’s all stuff that you do not want volunteers doing.

Jacobsen: So, some of these tests that you’re permitting for admission. How do they go? What’s the reasonable limit in terms of the scores 160?

Bakerink: See, the scores are on percentiles. They’re not on IQ. Only a psychiatrist can determine an IQ. Our supervisory psychologist is very adamant about that because we’re not licensed to do that. All the tests can do is give you a percentile, and then a psychologist can interpret it for you because it depends on your age and that sort of thing, depending on the test. So, I honestly do not know how high it can go. I know we’ve got members from, I believe, right now our youngest member’s two and a half years old and our oldest member’s one hundred and three. We just had a 92-year-old guy join for the first time. He found some old military whatever. He was so excited that he could qualify and join. So, it’s really neat to see people get excited about it.

Jacobsen: This magazine, how big is the publication?

Bakerink: I think its 48 pages. I never remember, but it’s full color magazine. You can choose to get it mailed to you or by email. It’s a lot. We have a lot of articles submitted. In fact, I have to finish writing my column today. We have a lot of articles submitted by members. Our biggest one every year, our fiction issue where we have fiction submitted by all the members that gets scored and only certain ones actually make it into the magazine. And that one’s really, really popular. People just love getting that one and seeing what their friends are writing. And I hate writing, that’s the one thing I hate. I’m a math person. Give me numbers. That is the hardest part for me being chair is having to write a monthly column.

Jacobsen: Do you do like a monthly newsletter things like this to?

Bakerink: Our local group does a monthly newsletter. In fact, most local groups do so they have their own private newsletter along with the national magazine. Because that lists their events that are happening right in their local area. And then the local group newsletters, everyone. They have some kind of puzzle. They have some kind of trivia quiz. There’s always some kind of game or some games in them. And these are new ones that members are coming up with every month and submitting to their editor to put in. So, it’s pretty amazing. Just the amount of information that comes out of our members that they want to put out and show to other members.

Jacobsen: What would you say are the main hunks, demographics, of America Mensa?

Bakerink: Member age breakdown: Currently, our membership is 47,778 seven hundred and twenty eight. We are over 30,000 male, about 16,000 female. Our officer breakdown is almost half and half male and female. Our officer age breakdown, our average age, is between 46 and 65 for officers, but average age of a new members right now is 28. Average age of members as a whole 53, average age of our officers is 60.

Jacobsen: There’s a certain building up to an officer position that makes some sense too. Building up reputation, knowing organization more, and then deciding to sign up for a potential democratically elected position.

Bakerink: So, the majority of our membership right now is between 46, like two thirds of our membership right now is 46 years and olde, but all of our incoming members, the average new member age, is 28. So, the age range is actually going down because the newer members joining have been younger.

Jacobsen: What do you think is the reason for an influx of younger people?

Bakerink: I honestly do not know. It’s interesting because we will get a big influx of like kids who just started college and they found out about Mensa. They thought they would help with their college career, but then you get busy. You get married, or you have kids, and that kind of falls off. but then you’re looking for more interaction again as your life settles. And then they come back into the fold. So, it’s really interesting to see the waves and the dynamic of how that works, but we’ve been getting our officers age range down more too because our younger group, especially Gen Y, has become more and more involved in it. They want to have a say in what’s happening. And I’m like, “OK, you want to have a say in what’s happening, put your seat, put your butt in a leadership seat,” and they took me up on it. And I’m really glad they did.

They have just done some amazing stuff. Our Gen Y and Gen X have really started putting efforts into participating in leadership and leadership development where we do leadership development workshops, which can be used outside of Mensa. But it’s to help them learn leadership roles in Mensa. So, I think that that’s something that they like a lot because some of them have actually told me that it has helped them at work. Some of the things they’ve learned in leadership from Mensa. So, I do not know why we may be getting new members in. I know that we get a big influx whenever there’s an article about a 4-year-old that has joined Mensa or a two year old that has joined Mensa because it always makes great news. And then all of a sudden, I will get one hundred emails from parents, “My child’s really smart too.” I’m very happy to hear that. You will need to have them tested.

Jacobsen: Is this next to the conspiracy theory emails you get – the hundreds you get every day?

Bakerink: I mean they’re excited and they want to know that their child is smart, but we do not test anyone under the age of 14. So, if someone’s under that age, they’re going to have to go to their own psychologist or have school testing done, but we always get a big influx of participants and people wanting to get involved once there’s some kind of news article out about a young child joining. So, it’s interesting. Or if there’s a movie star, it’s like every once in a while; something will come out about Gina Davis. And she’ll be asked about Mensa. She’ll go take the test. She’s a hoot. She’s just an amazing person. All the stuff she’s done for women in Hollywood. She’s working with female directors and that kind of stuff. It’s pretty awesome.

But I guess it depends on what’s out in the news and that’s kind of how we’ll get a big influx. We used to joke one of our biggest influxes ever was in, I think, the early 70s from a Reader’s Digest article because Reader’s Digest was the thing. It was the bomb for years and years and years. Everybody had it in their house. And they got a huge influx of applications and people wanting to take the test for Mensa because of that article in Reader’s Digest.

Jacobsen: What was the particular article?

Bakerink: It was someone who was a writer for Reader’s Digest who took the Mensa test and then talked about like their first couple of events that they went to, and that they were excited about it. And since it was a positive article. It really had a great repercussions for us. And even if there’s something that happens in Japan with Mensa or Britain or something, we see ripples from that. People wanting to join or at least asking questions about Mensa.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Former Chair, American Mensa; Former Member, International Board of Directors (Executive Committee), Mensa International; Former Ex-Officio Member, Mensa Foundation; Member, San Diego Mensa.

[2] Individual Publication Date: December 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-5; Full Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa Demographics and Testing: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (5) [Online]. December 2021; 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-5.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, December 1). Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa Demographics and Testing: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (5). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-5.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa Demographics and Testing: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (5). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A, December. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-5>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa Demographics and Testing: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (5).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-5.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa Demographics and Testing: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (5).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A (December 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-5.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa Demographics and Testing: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (5)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-5>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa Demographics and Testing: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (5)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A, http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-5.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa Demographics and Testing: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (5).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.A (2021): December. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-5>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa Demographics and Testing: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (5) [Internet]. (2021, December 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-5.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Larae Bakerink on American Mensa and SIGs: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: November 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,149

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

LaRae Bakerink was the Elected Chair of American Mensa and a Member of the Executive Committee of the International Board of Directors of Mensa International. She has been a Member of San Diego Mensa since 2001. Bakerink earned a bachelor’s degree in Finance and an M.B.A. in Management. She lives in San Diego with her husband, Steve. She discusses: exciting options from Mensa; democratic involvement; and the structure of Mensa.

Keywords: American Mensa, Executive Committee, intelligence, IQ, Larae Bakerink, Mensa Foundation, Mensa International, San Diego.

Conversation with Larae Bakerink on American Mensa and SIGs: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (4)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: That’s like a class of individuals and their expertise that I would really love to interview to get. Some of these questions that I have answers to while others remain open questions or only partially answered. Ok, so, there’s also another category of things that happened within Mensa in general, which are the special interest groups. So, for those who qualify for a certain intelligence level or cognitive ability within the general population, they also have specialized interests. Some people are lucky. They find interests like physics or math or art or music. They find a community; and they’ve been involved in those their entire lives. They had no need for a special interest group with regards to Mensa. For others, they are part of Mensa. They made a conscious decision to seek this out. What are some of the more exciting options or prominent options of special interest groups for American Mensa members?

Larae Bakerink: They are all over the place. I mean I can list off some of the ones: Star Trek. There are every kind of lifestyle type, special interest group, married couples, singles, looking, people in polyamory lifestyles, the LGBTQ, we have like the Gay SIG.  We have some generational SIGs. Gen Y, Gen X, Boomers. We have Teen SIG for the teenagers. There’s history. I know the history SIG is a big one. Physics, in fact, it’s really funny. Our new diversity committee chair is a black woman, but she is also the first black woman physicist. And she’s like the head of the physics organization for physicists in the United States. And so, of course, she’s big in the physics thing. We have one called Sharp Women. It’s women who like to knit, knitting needles.

Jacobsen: That’s a great title.

Bakerink: There’s one for travelling. But that just happened to come up. Yes, we have ADHD SIG, anthropology, art lovers, astronomy, beer me, bitcoin, blazingly lightly armed Mensans.

Jacobsen: Is it like a cavalry?

Bakerink: No. There are people who are interested in range shooting and firearms.

Jacobsen: Oh, cool, OK.

Bakerink: And then Burning Man, which is one of my favorite SIGS. And they have their own camp at Burning Man every year. So, we have another called Snowflake Village. One called shack of SIT.

So, what they have for barter is, they have ice water chairs and shade. So, that’s why they call it a shack of SIT. Of course, debate room, diabetes, Disneyland, Dungeons and Dragons, Evangelical Christianity, Friends of Bill W. Gardening SIG, geo caching, global risk reduction, grammar police, that’s a funny one, hacker nest. Who would not expect a hacker nest in Mensa, right?

Of course, we’ve got High IQ Whovians, because we have got to have Doctor Who, home schooling Mensans, Isolated Ms. Those are people who are not in the United States. These are Mensans who are U.S. citizens, but are placed outside of the U.S. LinkedIn Ms, Muscle Weight Training, M Atheists, M Available, Harry Potter Common Room, M Escape, which is four escape rooms. Right now, they’re doing online escape rooms.

Jacobsen: That’s pretty interesting.

Bakerink: Investment club, sci-fi writers, Spanish, sports fans, M Winers – that’s for wine, not for whining. Military history, multi-sport, musical theater, naturists, needle and thread.

Jacobsen: A common sentiment, I’ve heard there’s a couple of things that come up from just that list. Actually, there’s another point that comes from the very start of the interview as well, at least start of the conversation. I mean, if people are looking for a solid organization in the high IQ community, then a good couple rule of thumbs is look for ones that have been established for a long time, which was a trust among the membership. Two, look for ones that are democratic, it’s not just one person making decisions top down sort of a deal. Rather, it’s bottom up, and then it’s top down based on the democratic structure of it.

Bakerink: Our national board is fifteen voting members plus four non-voting members, so it’s a nineteen-member board.

Jacobsen: That’s a lot.

Bakerink: It’s a lot. Most of the local groups, their boards are five people.

Jacobsen: That makes a sort of sense if they’re going to be local and smaller. That does make more sense.

Bakerink: But the national board is there are ten RVC’s, regional vice chairs. Since we have ten regions, each of the vice chairs is elected by their region. Then we have five national officers, chair, first vice chair, second vice chair, treasurer and secretary. And then we have four appointed officers, director of science and education, which is our link to the foundation because the foundation designates someone that they’re going to have fill that spot. And then we have a membership communication and marketing officer, which are appointees and approved by the board. And those are the ones where you want them to have experience in those areas, so they bring that expertise to the board.

Jacobsen: This is all, I think, just fantastic because it provides a buffer against certain things that can go wrong, as have gone wrong in some other societies. For those who want, I think there’s one article entitled “A Short (and Bloody) History of the High I.Q. Societies,” by Darryl Miyaguchi. So, you have these special interest groups. You have a lot more social engagement. Also, a unique aspect with more social engagement in person outside of Covid times compared to pretty much every other high IQ society that I’m aware of. So, there’s a lot of unique qualities that Mensa brings. I’ve heard some commentary critiquing Mensa as “only” a social club. Yet, I do not see anything particularly negative about that because a lot of people who are aiming for these societies are looking for people that they do not have to talk about their scores, that they can just talk to naturally with, be themselves as you were saying earlier.

Bakerink: And that’s funny. We never talk about our scores. I mean, if someone tries to bring up their score, we’re all like, ‘Where do you think you are? We all are at the 98th percentile or higher. So, who cares?”

Jacobsen: It’s been settled. It’s not an issue.

Bakerink: And it’s really funny. I’ll have a lot of people contact me and say this person swears they’re in Mensa and I know they’re not. “Can we check?”, and it’s like, “You have access to the member directory. If you’re a member, you can look for yourself.” But it’s funny to see the people who claim that they’re in Mensa that are not, and then claim that they are in Mensa and then try to trash us in the process. It’s like: If you’re in Mensa, you wouldn’t trash Mensa. Unless, you specifically set out to do that.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Former Chair, American Mensa; Former Member, International Board of Directors (Executive Committee), Mensa International; Former Ex-Officio Member, Mensa Foundation; Member, San Diego Mensa.

[2] Individual Publication Date: November 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-4; Full Issue Publication Date: January  1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on American Mensa and SIGs: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (4) [Online]. November 2021; 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-4.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, November 22). Conversation with Larae Bakerink on American Mensa and SIGs: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (4). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-4.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on American Mensa and SIGs: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (4). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A, November. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-4>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on American Mensa and SIGs: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-4.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Larae Bakerink on American Mensa and SIGs: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A (November 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-4.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Larae Bakerink on American Mensa and SIGs: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-4>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Larae Bakerink on American Mensa and SIGs: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-4.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Larae Bakerink on American Mensa and SIGs: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.A (2021): November. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-4>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on American Mensa and SIGs: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (4) [Internet]. (2021, November 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-4.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Larae Bakerink on America and Mensa, Mr. and Mrs. Mensa, and Attractions of Mensa: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: November 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,431

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

LaRae Bakerink was the Elected Chair of American Mensa and a Member of the Executive Committee of the International Board of Directors of Mensa International. She has been a Member of San Diego Mensa since 2001. Bakerink earned a bachelor’s degree in Finance and an M.B.A. in Management. She lives in San Diego with her husband, Steve. She discusses: American Mensa; Mr. and Mrs. Mensa; main attractions of Mensa; communication gap, EQ, and IQ; and tests for Mensa admission.

Keywords: American Mensa, EQ, Executive Committee, intelligence, IQ, Larae Bakerink, Mensa Foundation, Mensa International, Mr. Mensa, Mrs. Mensa, San Diego.

Conversation with Larae Bakerink on America and Mensa, Mr. and Mrs. Mensa, and Attractions of Mensa: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (3)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: What states in particular are more prominently represented within American Mensa?

Larae Bakerink[1],[2]: The higher population states. So, it’s going to be the whole eastern seaboard, New York all down through there, San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego, Dallas, Houston, just the large cities where more people are located. It’s going to be the same for Mensas. I mean one out of every 50 people qualifies for Mensa. Not everybody joins. And a lot of them do not even realize that they qualify. So, it’s just up to us to figure out how to let them know about us.

Jacobsen: You also have a Mr. Mensa and Mrs. Mensa. What is this?

Bakerink: Mr. and Mrs. Mensa was the contest I was talking about earlier. And what they normally do is then they become like a representative for the foundation. They wear their crown and their sash to events and they encourage people to donate. So, it’s like a big thing for a year. They get to wear their crown and sash to the different events. One of the ways that they raise money is like have a picture with Mrs. Mensa, pay five bucks and then the five dollars goes to the foundation. So, it’s more to encourage our members to let them know about the foundation and then also to get donations for it. And it’s a lot of fun for the people who are involved because someone says, “Why are you wearing a crown?” And then they go, “Well, let me tell you why.” And it just gives them an opportunity to talk about the foundation. And the foundation, they give scholarships. I think it’s from December 1st or November 1st.

People who are going to be in college over the next year can submit an essay as to why they feel that they should get a scholarship. And there’s different scholarships for different things, whether you want to go into engineering or whether you’re LGBTQ or whether you’re going to be a teacher or you want to be an English professor; there’s different scholarships for different things. And you do not have to be a member of Mensa to get a scholarship. It’s for everybody. There are specific ones just for members, but there are designated different scholarship. So, the foundation gives out a lot of scholarships every year. And the nice thing is it involves our members too because all of the essays that are submitted are graded by our members.

Each local group will form a scholarship committee and they’ll review and grade the scholarships and then that goes up to the regional to be graded. And then from there they determine who are the winners and then everybody is notified. And they get anywhere from $600, and then just the regular scholarships goes up to $3,000 to $5,000. And then the foundation has other special awards like the Copper Black Award and stuff, which are large grants that can be $20,000, $10,000, depending on what it’s for. In fact, they just started a new grant program for teachers too.

Jacobsen: What seem to be some of the more main attractions to people?

Bakerink: It’s so different for everybody. Some people want to join just so they can say they have the card. It was a self-affirmation. I did a survey years and years ago just of our local, “Why did you join?” And some of the answers were, “Well, my husband told me, I was too stupid. I qualified. He did not.” I mean because it’s not just Mensa itself. It’s the aptitude that they could qualify and that’s what they care about. Some people are just happy getting their magazine, their monthly magazine. They want to do the crossword puzzles or read what’s going on in their local group. Some people want to do international travel. We have a program called SITE. And I can never remember what it stands for. But basically, what it is, it’s an international travel thing. So, say I want to go to South Africa, I contact their site person in South Africa, and I say, “Where the best hostel is?”

And so, they’ll give you information. A lot of times they may even put you up at their house themselves or take you out to dinner because they get excited about having the foreigners come in from everywhere. And we have it in the United States. It’s not quite as active here because people are a little more nervous or litigious. Not quite sure, but, at least, they provide information. So, when you’re going to go visit somewhere and you’re in Mensa, you can contact their site person in that country and they will provide you with information, let you know about tickets for things and help you along. Some of them will pick them up at the airport. It just depends on the situation and where they are. But I think it’s really given a great flavor to some of our membership that want to travel and didn’t have this ability gather all this knowledge before they go on a trip.

So, some people use it for that. One of our taglines for a while was find the people that get your jokes. Just to be around the people that you feel like you can be normal and be yourself and not have to hold back or worry that they’re going to look at you like, “What did you just say?”

Jacobsen: Do you think there is a communication gap in general – what people experience when they’re at Mensa level or above in terms of their cognitive ability?

Bakerink: I think it has a lot to do with their EQ as well as their IQ. If they have a higher EQ, their ability to communicate no matter who they’re speaking to is better. But if they have a low EQ and a high IQ, they do not understand why someone isn’t comprehending what they’re saying. And so, that makes it a lot more difficult and they feel more separate. They feel distanced from that person. And so, this gives them the ability to just sit and talk and be understood and not worry about being looked at that way.

Jacobsen: I think it’s almost a situation where people in the same country in different regions, but they have a different patois. So, they talk past one another, not all the time but, enough of the time to frustrate one another. And they go, “Those darn x,” and the other people go, “Those darn y.”

Bakerink: Exactly. And it’s that way everywhere. But I mean it really is, I think, more noticeable when you have a big variance in the intelligence level. But like I said, EQ mix can really close that gap if the EQ is high. It’s a lot easier to close that gap to understand and speak to the level of your audience. And that’s kind of what I try to train some of the people coming up in leadership is: gauge your audience. Do not say what you want to say, gauge your audience so they hear what you need them to hear.

Jacobsen: Good point. Now, you mentioned the Stanford-Binet earlier and you mentioned the Wechsler (Adult) Intelligence Scale. To clarify, these are proctored mainstream intelligence tests that are designed to measure intelligence and have the most reliable valid statistics on measuring this psychological construct. So, what other tests can the mainstream of intelligence testing appear to have a higher reliability and validity acceptable to the standards of Mensa international?

Bakerink: American Mensa, I believe, two hundred different tests that we will accept for qualification. And a lot of them, I mean some of them are military admission tests depending on what it is the type of test. There’s different tests that schools give. There’s just so many different tests out there that have to be reviewed by our supervisory psychologist to make sure they meet the standards before she will allow them.

Jacobsen: In conversations with her, what are some of the metrics that you’re gathering that she’s taking into account when considering some of these tests?

Bakerink: That you’d have to ask her. I am not a psychologist, psychiatrist. I cannot speak reliably to that. Especially her, she has only been with us for a couple of months now, so we have a new supervisory psychologist. So, I have not had the time to really talk to her about this. So, I can’t answer that well.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Former Chair, American Mensa; Former Member, International Board of Directors (Executive Committee), Mensa International; Former Ex-Officio Member, Mensa Foundation; Member, San Diego Mensa.

[2] Individual Publication Date: November 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-3; Full Issue Publication Date: January  1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on America and Mensa, Mr. and Mrs. Mensa, and Attractions of Mensa: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (3) [Online]. November 2021; 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-3.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, November 15). Conversation with Larae Bakerink on America and Mensa, Mr. and Mrs. Mensa, and Attractions of Mensa: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (3). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-3.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on America and Mensa, Mr. and Mrs. Mensa, and Attractions of Mensa: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (3). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A, November. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-3>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on America and Mensa, Mr. and Mrs. Mensa, and Attractions of Mensa: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-3.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Larae Bakerink on America and Mensa, Mr. and Mrs. Mensa, and Attractions of Mensa: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A (November 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-3.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Larae Bakerink on America and Mensa, Mr. and Mrs. Mensa, and Attractions of Mensa: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-3>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Larae Bakerink on America and Mensa, Mr. and Mrs. Mensa, and Attractions of Mensa: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-3.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Larae Bakerink on America and Mensa, Mr. and Mrs. Mensa, and Attractions of Mensa: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.A (2021): November. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-3>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on America and Mensa, Mr. and Mrs. Mensa, and Attractions of Mensa: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (3) [Internet]. (2021, November 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-3.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa and Events: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.E, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: November 8, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,346

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

LaRae Bakerink was the Elected Chair of American Mensa and a Member of the Executive Committee of the International Board of Directors of Mensa International. She has been a Member of San Diego Mensa since 2001. Bakerink earned a bachelor’s degree in Finance and an M.B.A. in Management. She lives in San Diego with her husband, Steve. She discusses: Mensa International membership and a 2016 presentation; and Mensa presentations.

Keywords: American Mensa, Executive Committee, intelligence, IQ, Lancelot Ware, Larae Bakerink, Mensa Foundation, Mensa International, Roland Berrill, San Diego.

Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa and Events: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (2)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: And just to give people who are reading this an idea of the age difference compared to every other organization under the label of a high IQ group or society organization, it’s old.

LaRae Bakerink[1],[2]: Mensa International is 100. I think we’re over 150,000 now. I have to go back and look at the numbers.

Jacobsen: I mean Triple Nine society has close to 2,000, the Mega Society, maybe, has 26 to 40, or something. It’s not a lot of people, comparatively, and so Mensa International is really tapping into a good rarity and longevity as an organization.

Bakerink: Yes, this year, we’ll be 75 years. It started with Lancelot Ware and Roland Berrill.

Jacobsen: Yes, so, this kind of organization is, as far as I can tell by doing all of the interviews that I’ve done so far and some of the writing, unique in terms of size and longevity and growth rate, just a continual what would appear to be a year-on-year growth. So, how big is American Mensa?

Bakerink: I think we are at 49,000 right now because we only have a renewal once a year. It’s like our numbers go up, up, up, up, up, up until November 31st and then April 1st it goes back down for those who have not renewed. We’ve lost some members over the years because there’s so many different things out there now. There’s Facebook and different social media groups and MeetUp and all that kind of thing that gives people another avenue to find smart people or likeminded people. I know that British Mensa has been losing some members for the same reason. But the newer national Mensas are like the new ones coming in, like Mexico and Peru and India. They’re really starting to grow because Mensa is new there. So, it just depends on the outlook. And I think that we will be able to bring things back around after Covid.

Because one of the things that American Mensa, I think Mensa International in general, is good at is our events. That’s what really gets people excited about it because of the different things we do at our events. I’ve been to a lot of conferences in my life and Mensa conferences are the most unique I’ve ever been to. Because there are no parameters on what’s going to be discussed or what presentations, they’re going to be everything from aardvark to zoo, just the whole range. I think we had this young man who built his own robot. He’s eight or nine years old. Built his own robot, programmed it and then came and gave a presentation on it. Just amazing, amazing, young man. And then we have people talk about how to travel, where to travel, the best ways to travel, just everything you can think of. But it’s all going on at the same time at the same conference.

So, you’re never at a loss for something to go look at. Plus, there’s a huge games room because our people are really into games and puzzles. And pretty vicious about it, sometimes, the tournaments get real, and then some of them just want to sit around and talk. We have a debate room that goes from like Wednesday all the way through Sunday. And every hour there’s a different thing that they’re going to debate on, and the room is always packed. Because it’s like, “I have an opinion on that, I must let you know what it is.” It’s the in-person version of like online stuff. And they talk about everything, controversial stuff to just really benign. And if you want to learn anything, there’s a way to find it out because there are some experts in it or someone who has so much knowledge that you can learn from them.

And then we have the entertainment, we always have great speakers. My favorite, of course, was Wil Wheaton because that was my speaker. In 2016, I was the chair of the annual gathering here in San Diego. We had 2,400 people and we took over an entire hotel complex. It was all Mensas for four and a half days and Wil Wheaton was our keynote speaker. And he was amazing, I sold 900 tickets because the dinner and the keynote is like separate from the whole rest of the conference. But we sold 900 dinners to be able to see him.

Jacobsen: So, in the 2016 presentation, what’s the keynote speech? What was the particular presentation?

Bakerink: What he talked about is what it was like growing up Star Trek. He talked about how the nerds have won because by that time all the new Marvel movies had been coming out and it’s like all this stuff that as I was a kid and the comic books and stuff that I read, it’s like all coming to life and people aren’t making fun of it now. They’re standing in line at the theaters to go see it. So, that’s kind of what he was talking about is like hey guys we won, the nerds one. But then he talked about his depression and how he deals with it, very, very emotional and there were people in the audience half of them were in tears. He was supposed to talk for about 30 minutes, about 50 minutes later he’s finally walking off of stage just to outrageous standing ovation because he spoke at our level and spoke to a lot of the people that felt odd or different or misunderstood because that’s how he felt about himself. So, he was very, very relatable. But we’ve had like Penn Jillette, we’ve had I can’t remember the guy from Mythbusters.

Jacobsen: Is it the guy with the…

Bakerink: No, not Jamie, not the guy with the moustache, the other guy. But I know I just completely lost his name. He was our keynote one year. In Florida it was Penn Jillette. We’ve had astronauts, we’ve had Dr. Demento. We’ve had over the years some really wild keynote speakers. And it gets people excited and it’s something that we can do for our members as an organization. And it’s something we provide at pretty low cost compared to anybody else. I know all my business type conferences were super, super expensive. But the annual gathering cost’s about a quarter of it and it includes a lot of the meals. So, people are just hanging out and having a great time. And that’s one of the things that really, really gets our members excited is some of the events we put on. But it’s not just our annual one.

Each of the local groups, we have 128 local groups in 10 regions in the United States. And there’s probably 30 of what we call regional gatherings a year and it may be one local group or maybe a couple of the local groups get together and they put on a mini conference. And these are all throughout the year. So, you could travel from what we call RGs because we have all these acronyms, RGs, AGs, everything. But you can travel from RG to RG all year long and visit with Mensas all across the United States. Now there’s always something going on; there are lunches. With Covid, we’ve been doing Zoom meetings like crazy. Zoom presentation speakers just to keep everybody involved. Our groups have been doing Zoom movie nights and puzzle evenings and cocktail hours and wine tastings to where they’ll all order the same wine, and then they’ll get together and taste on Zoom and compare if they’re there together.

So, they’ve gotten really creative with it. And it’s nice because one of the benefits, I think, that’s come out of this whole covid thing is because of Zoom and that availability. A lot of our members that would not go to something in person. Now, they’re hitting New York and Florida and Indianapolis and attending events there all online. But they’re keeping themselves interested and involved.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Former Chair, American Mensa; Former Member, International Board of Directors (Executive Committee), Mensa International; Former Ex-Officio Member, Mensa Foundation; Member, San Diego Mensa.

[2] Individual Publication Date: November 8, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-2; Full Issue Publication Date: January  1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa and Events: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (2) [Online]. November 2021; 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-2.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, November 8). Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa and Events: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-2.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa and Events: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A, November. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-2>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa and Events: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-2.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa and Events: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A (November 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-2.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa and Events: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-2>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa and Events: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-2.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa and Events: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.A (2021): November. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-2>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Mensa and Events: (Former) Elected Chair, American Mensa; (Former) Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (2) [Internet]. (2021, November 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-2.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany Looking Forward: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (7)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: November 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 951

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Uwe Michael Neumann developed a love of photography when he got his first camera, a Polaroid, at the age of eight years old. From 1982 to 1988, Neumann diverted from photography, studying law at Cologne State University. But his love of photography, driven by curiosity and the desire to see new things and discover and show their beauty, always called him back. He conducted his first photo tour in Provence, France in 1992. In 1998 he visited New York where he further developed his photographic style; experimenting with verticals and keystone/perspectives. Launching into the field of international cooperation he combined his daily work with his photography in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia, Finland, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden and Ukraine. In November 2014, Neumann attended the wedding of a daughter of the Sultan of Foumban, Princess Janina, in Foumban, north-west of Cameroon. There he met and became friends with the famous French photographer and producer, Alain Denis who inspired him to become a professional photographer, instructing him in portrait and landscape photography. After his life-changing visit to Cameroon in 2014 Neumann returned there in February 2015 taking photographs of Central Africa’s unique nature and everyday life, which differed greatly from Europe, and even tourist destinations in Africa like Kenya and the Republic of South Africa. During his stay in Central Africa, he lived in Yaoundé, Cameroon and travelled frequently to Equatorial Guinea, the Central African Republic, Gabon, Chad and Congo Brazzaville, among the poorest countries in the world. He also visited and photographed Algeria, Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo), Benin, Kenya, Egypt, Mauretania and the Republic of South Africa. Neumann focused on often-overlooked treasures in nature, the environment, and beauty in places seemingly dominated by poverty. In October 2017, Neumann returned to Berlin and worked on over 90,000 photos from Africa, launching his first exhibition in May in ‘Animus Kunstgalerie’, Berlin. In October 2018 his exhibition ‘Inner Africa’ in GH 36 gallery in Berlin was focused on Central Africa displaying not only a huge variety of photographs, but also traditional masks from different regions. In 2019 and 2020, other exhibitions at Bülow90, Berlin and Nils Hanke, Berlin followed. In Ghent, Belgium, he was a speaker at the European Mensa Meeting 2019 on Africa and presented some of his works.  He was also invited to present his works in the online exhibition e-mERGING a r t i S T S. and again at GH36 in the exhibition No Time. One of his photos was on the title page of the Norwegian magazine Dyade in 2019. His photos have also been featured several times in the online Magazine Foto Minimal & Art. In December 2021 his works were part of an exhibition at Basel Art Center in Basel, Switzerland. He discusses: Germans, the French, the English, the First World War, Europe, Bismarck, the Central African Republic, and Russia.

Keywords: Bismarck, Central African Republic, English, Europe, First World War, French, Germany, Russia, the future, Uwe Michael Neumann.

Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany Looking Forward: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (7)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: So, if Germans are not looking forward as much as they were in the 60s when you were coming up or were in the wave of that as a generation, it’s a cohort. How are Germans looking at geostrategic and raw material issues now? Because in turn, these are regional geopolitical issues as well.

Uwe Michael Neumann[1],[2]*: I think maybe this arrogant, but I think most people don’t understand and don’t see the point at all, geostrategic. I mean, Germans, let’s say, we lack experience with the outside world in a way. Of course, we are travelling a lot, but I suppose or what I think is that the French and the English know more about the world and they understand it better because they have conquered the world. So, there is a different perspective and we were always confined to our middle European spot. And you can see that sometimes historians talk about, what would have happened if this or that battle in the the World Wars would have gone out another way and would have ended in another way. I say that it’s bullshit because, of course, it ended that way, but even if there was never a point because the geostrategic situation was to Germany’s disadvantage.

But people don’t understand that. They’ve seen all the detail. The problem is that I think, yes, even today, people don’t understand the connection. They have just a simple way of explaining things. That is, everything is getting worse, especially in Africa. There are the big corporations that are exploiting the world and making themselves richer and richer. And we cannot do anything about that and we are a small country. So, that’s basically, I think many people think like that. It’s a little bit simplified. And there is not this, let’s say this connected view of things that belong together.

We’re not a global power. We are not capable of ruling the world for sure. But we are also not the smallest country on Earth, so we have an impact. So, we can do something. But, the problem and I would say the geostrategic thinking is weak. There were only some figures like Bismarck in Germany. He was a genius and understood it. And I think it would be important for people to understand how things work together and let’s say, on migration. We don’t have a real discussion about migration. Just some people say that you have to do it like this. But it’s not discussed. The government decides what to do. And when you criticize that, yes, sometimes you regard it as rightwing, but it’s not always good.

What I want to say is that it would be helpful if more people will understand the situation outside Europe or even outside Germany. Many Germans never have been to Eastern Europe, to countries like Albania or Romania or Montenegro or so. And there are people who work for 400 euros a month or much less. So, Germans don’t understand what’s going on there. They know that people are poorer, but they don’t understand how things work together. And I think it would be helpful if people would understand more about the reality in Europe and also in our neighboring continent, basically Africa, because we are interconnected, of course. So, people are afraid of migration. But on the other side, they think it’s because poor people are coming to us, but it’s not the poor people, if you are close to starvation, you don’t travel 5000 kilometers.

The poor people cannot afford to go to Europe. They stay in Africa. I’ve seen that, I’ve seen camps of people from Central African Republic who are moving to the airport at Bangui in Central African Republic, the capital, and they were fleeing from other parts of the country because there’s a civil war. These people cannot go to Europe. And these are things I think the media does not portray correctly. And it’s always about catastrophe. But what is actually going on there? Also in Africa people in general are living better than ever.  And this leads also to the thing about their geostrategic thinking and so on. Knowledge, it doesn’t exist and people don’t think about raw materials like important things about interest. Of course, the leaders, they will know about that. But I think in the general population, the majority they don’t understand that.

Also like if we look at Russia, people don’t understand that Russia is basically a country with problems because Russia is immensely big, but their population lives mainly on the south western brink of Russia. So, that makes it also difficult to rule the country and so to govern the country. But people just see this big landmass, they don’t see the details and they don’t see the strategic implications behind that. So, my idea and what I like to do is to talk about reality basically, and to understand, to help people understand more of the interconnections between raw materials, population and so on. Developments, yes, it’s maybe a little bit vague, but maybe you get the point, and that is my idea to bring reality forward to explain to people.

Jacobsen: It’s all very interesting. It’s such a wide range of things from nature photography to law to mathematics to geostrategic thinking about raw materials. It’s a very wide range of interests for you.

Neumann: Yes, it is.

Jacobsen: I just want to thank you for your time today. It’s been lovely.

Neumann: Okay, yes, thank you. Actually, I love to talk about these things. Thank you for listening to me. And yes, I really enjoy that and to exchange about that.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: November 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-7; Full Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany Looking Forward: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (7) [Online]. November 2021; 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-7.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, November 1). Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany Looking Forward: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (7). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-7.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany Looking Forward: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (7). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A, November. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-7>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany Looking Forward: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (7).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-7.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany Looking Forward: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (7).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A (November 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-7.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany Looking Forward: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (7)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-7>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany Looking Forward: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (7)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-7.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany Looking Forward: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (7).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.A (2022): November. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-7>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany Looking Forward: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (7) [Internet]. (2021, November 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-7.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links can be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and can disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany and Science, and Religion: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (6)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: October 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,248

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Uwe Michael Neumann developed a love of photography when he got his first camera, a Polaroid, at the age of eight years old. From 1982 to 1988, Neumann diverted from photography, studying law at Cologne State University. But his love of photography, driven by curiosity and the desire to see new things and discover and show their beauty, always called him back. He conducted his first photo tour in Provence, France in 1992. In 1998 he visited New York where he further developed his photographic style; experimenting with verticals and keystone/perspectives. Launching into the field of international cooperation he combined his daily work with his photography in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia, Finland, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden and Ukraine. In November 2014, Neumann attended the wedding of a daughter of the Sultan of Foumban, Princess Janina, in Foumban, north-west of Cameroon. There he met and became friends with the famous French photographer and producer, Alain Denis who inspired him to become a professional photographer, instructing him in portrait and landscape photography. After his life-changing visit to Cameroon in 2014 Neumann returned there in February 2015 taking photographs of Central Africa’s unique nature and everyday life, which differed greatly from Europe, and even tourist destinations in Africa like Kenya and the Republic of South Africa. During his stay in Central Africa, he lived in Yaoundé, Cameroon and travelled frequently to Equatorial Guinea, the Central African Republic, Gabon, Chad and Congo Brazzaville, among the poorest countries in the world. He also visited and photographed Algeria, Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo), Benin, Kenya, Egypt, Mauretania and the Republic of South Africa. Neumann focused on often-overlooked treasures in nature, the environment, and beauty in places seemingly dominated by poverty. In October 2017, Neumann returned to Berlin and worked on over 90,000 photos from Africa, launching his first exhibition in May in ‘Animus Kunstgalerie’, Berlin. In October 2018 his exhibition ‘Inner Africa’ in GH 36 gallery in Berlin was focused on Central Africa displaying not only a huge variety of photographs, but also traditional masks from different regions. In 2019 and 2020, other exhibitions at Bülow90, Berlin and Nils Hanke, Berlin followed. In Ghent, Belgium, he was a speaker at the European Mensa Meeting 2019 on Africa and presented some of his works.  He was also invited to present his works in the online exhibition e-mERGING a r t i S T S. and again at GH36 in the exhibition No Time. One of his photos was on the title page of the Norwegian magazine Dyade in 2019. His photos have also been featured several times in the online Magazine Foto Minimal & Art. In December 2021 his works were part of an exhibition at Basel Art Center in Basel, Switzerland. He discusses: Germany and the state of science, and religion there; and unexplored areas.

Keywords: Germany, IQ, religion, science, Uwe Michael Neumann.

Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany and Science, and Religion: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (6)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: What do you think is the current stance within Germany about science, about faith? In other words, the general public perception of either. How does this impact individual lives? I mean, for instance, if we look at the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, you can see differences in terms of how the countries adhere to standard scientific stances. Also, you can see the contrasts in the degrees to which in the United Kingdom, individuals, adhere to more of a secular perspective. United States individuals adhere to more to a religious perspective. Canada’s sort of a grey middle ground between them. Although, I have it on good authority; Canadians are good zoo specimens for this kind of stuff, too. So, how does Germany, generally, use some of these things in general?

Uwe Michael Neumann[1],[2]*: I think Germany is not very religious, let’s say. The percentage of people who believe and practice religion is less, let’s say the religions are basically dying out, especially the Protestants; they are going down. And the problem is also that even religious people, they don’t believe in it anymore. They are trying to sell it like religion, especially the Protestants, to me they are more like a self-help group. But it’s not really about metaphysics and so on, because they don’t believe it themselves anymore. But it’s one thing, I would say. So, regarding science, let’s say a vaccination, there is a group, at least. They are very loud and they criticize or they don’t believe that vaccinations would work. So, they criticize science. They say, “It’s all financed. It’s all Bill Gates making profit off it. And that’s all big pharma making lots of money.”

And so, it’s very stereotyped. But this would go out for modern techniques. And that’s an interesting thing because Germany was a very poor country until the Industrial Revolution. We were always poorer than France, and we always had less, our population was always smaller than France because they have better climate for agriculture etc. And the Industrial Revolution brought Germany so much forward. And we owe science and technique and industrial development so much. But still people in Germany are very romantic about nature. They think nature’s paradise and industry is bad and can make us bad and everything is bad. I think that’s a very broad movement and we have this Green Party. I don’t know how familiar you are with the German or the European landscape. But it’s a green movement, a green party that started in end of the seventies.

Many of them were left wing before then they moved to green. And they are against industry, Big Pharma very often. They try to preserve nature, which, of course, is also a good thing. But they are sometimes dogmatic. We also have some kind of natural healers that are officially allowed to practice and they have also an official title. We call them Heilpraktiker. It means practitioner of healing. And these people promise you to avoid any pain and to treat you with natural healing methods. And the idea behind this is that natural healing is always good and it doesn’t hurt. And of course, people are afraid of that.

And so, they like the idea of natural healing. So, that is very popular in Germany. I think, maybe, that’s particular in this scale, on this level. Maybe, in other countries, I think people are less influenced by that. And also, if you look at nuclear science and nuclear power plants in France, they have a lot of them. I think they are building new ones and many countries are building new ones. But in Germany, we have abolished them because people are afraid of nuclear power. Which is understandable, but they tend to forget the other dangers of other systems I mean, it’s very romantic thinking. And remember there was a period of time till the 60s when Germany was very positive about innovation, about developing and growth, economic growth and so on. And now, it’s the opposite. I mean, we don’t have any big player in the computer industry. It’s just SAP.

But there are no computers just being built in Germany. There are no smartphones being built. I think Apple, they have some parts from Germany, but there is no German iPhone, German Nokia, and so on. Because people are not open to this kind of thing anymore. And it’s more like the good of the times before the Industrial Revolution are being regarded as the good old times, and then the air was clean and water was pure, and so on. And then the industrial revolution came and coal and all that. So, that is seen very negative now. So, I think that is very intense in Germany. That’s the view. Yes, so, I would say romantic. It’s backward. We don’t have a plan. Our government does not make plans for Germany 2050 or something. At least, at the moment, because I think Germans don’t think that we will survive the next ten years or so because of climate change and all that will kill us and overpopulation, and so on.

And that’s also a myth because there is no overpopulation, especially not in Africa. I’m giving speech talks about Africa, and what I can say is that Africa’s apart from some points. It’s not as densely populated as Europe. And we cannot talk about overpopulation in general, but OK, that has nothing to do with Germany. But there’s this very romantic backward thinking at the moment. I don’t like that because I grew up in the sixties when we were looking forward and everything was going up. And now we are lacking momentum, I would say. But people like to keep it, and they don’t want change at the moment. So, maybe, that gave somehow an impression.

Jacobsen: Are there any areas that we haven’t explored yet that you want to discuss?

Neumann: Maybe, yes. And what my personal interest is, I’d like to see also the real strategic connections between politics and raw materials and production methods and so on. And that’s also what I’m talking about in my speeches, I think that is also something that people don’t understand, especially not in Germany. And let’s say, when I look at the map and I always wonder, why they went into World War One? You only just have to look at the map. You see that Germany is a country with a small coastline, and we are not a maritime power. And we can be cut off easily from our supply lines. So, it was a complete loss to get into this war.

And then there are many people that I like to talk about I’m trying to see reality and to draw conclusions, which can, maybe, help people understand the world better. And I’ve learned at least by fighting my depressions to see things more balanced. And if I could help to give people more information about reality, that’s what I like to do. It will be great. Also, I think it would help people to understand many things and to calm down a little bit also because I think we have a certain hysteria here in many parts. Let’s say, it’s about Africa and migration and so on. And I think you have to have a more rational approach in this. In this field, it would be good to be more rational.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: October 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-6; Full Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany and Science, and Religion: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (6) [Online]. October 2021; 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-6.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, October 22). Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany and Science, and Religion: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (6). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-6.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany and Science, and Religion: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (6). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A, October. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-6>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany and Science, and Religion: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (6).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-6.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany and Science, and Religion: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (6).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A (October 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-6.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany and Science, and Religion: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (6)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-6>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany and Science, and Religion: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (6)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-6.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany and Science, and Religion: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (6).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.A (2022): October. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-6>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Germany and Science, and Religion: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (6) [Internet]. (2021, October 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-6.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links can be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and can disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on General Philosophy and Unusual Experiences: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (5)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: October 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,049

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Uwe Michael Neumann developed a love of photography when he got his first camera, a Polaroid, at the age of eight years old. From 1982 to 1988, Neumann diverted from photography, studying law at Cologne State University. But his love of photography, driven by curiosity and the desire to see new things and discover and show their beauty, always called him back. He conducted his first photo tour in Provence, France in 1992. In 1998 he visited New York where he further developed his photographic style; experimenting with verticals and keystone/perspectives. Launching into the field of international cooperation he combined his daily work with his photography in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia, Finland, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden and Ukraine. In November 2014, Neumann attended the wedding of a daughter of the Sultan of Foumban, Princess Janina, in Foumban, north-west of Cameroon. There he met and became friends with the famous French photographer and producer, Alain Denis who inspired him to become a professional photographer, instructing him in portrait and landscape photography. After his life-changing visit to Cameroon in 2014 Neumann returned there in February 2015 taking photographs of Central Africa’s unique nature and everyday life, which differed greatly from Europe, and even tourist destinations in Africa like Kenya and the Republic of South Africa. During his stay in Central Africa, he lived in Yaoundé, Cameroon and travelled frequently to Equatorial Guinea, the Central African Republic, Gabon, Chad and Congo Brazzaville, among the poorest countries in the world. He also visited and photographed Algeria, Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo), Benin, Kenya, Egypt, Mauretania and the Republic of South Africa. Neumann focused on often-overlooked treasures in nature, the environment, and beauty in places seemingly dominated by poverty. In October 2017, Neumann returned to Berlin and worked on over 90,000 photos from Africa, launching his first exhibition in May in ‘Animus Kunstgalerie’, Berlin. In October 2018 his exhibition ‘Inner Africa’ in GH 36 gallery in Berlin was focused on Central Africa displaying not only a huge variety of photographs, but also traditional masks from different regions. In 2019 and 2020, other exhibitions at Bülow90, Berlin and Nils Hanke, Berlin followed. In Ghent, Belgium, he was a speaker at the European Mensa Meeting 2019 on Africa and presented some of his works.  He was also invited to present his works in the online exhibition e-mERGING a r t i S T S. and again at GH36 in the exhibition No Time. One of his photos was on the title page of the Norwegian magazine Dyade in 2019. His photos have also been featured several times in the online Magazine Foto Minimal & Art. In December 2021 his works were part of an exhibition at Basel Art Center in Basel, Switzerland. He discusses: general philosophy and unusual experiences.

Keywords: IQ, Peter Fenwick, philosophy, Rupert Sheldrake, Uwe Michael Neumann.

Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on General Philosophy and Unusual Experiences: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (5)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: So, we’ve talked about early life morbidities, co-morbidities, intelligence, some professional life, and also some of the philosophy behind the photography. Another aspect that I like to typically dive into with some of the individuals in this particular small subtheme on higher IQ people of this series in the journal is the ideas individuals have developed over time. Some people who I interview are of a younger age and others are of a more advanced age. So, there’s a wide range of amount of experience and time and reading and intelligence to think about a wide range of things not only about their own life, but about human affairs generally insofar as philosophy is concerned. So, some other questions that I might have would be around those more abstract notions: Do you have any thoughts on general philosophy? More reliable at this moment is to come to an ontological stance about the world or even some metaphysical or theological notions about how the world is. What are some of your thoughts there? And this is an open forum. So, it’s not going to be restricted in any way.

Uwe Michael Neumann[1],[2]*: Yes. Actually, I’m thinking a lot about that. I think I have a very particular view because what I see is that many IQ people, high IQ people are very much into science. I’m not saying that science is bullshit and so on. But sometimes I think that’s like religion. I mean, science is good for many things, but I think that science cannot explain everything. And I have had, how to say, experiences that are very strange and which make me think about metaphysical things like only in my life; I’m almost 60 now. But I never had any accident. But I once had almost an accident when a car was coming behind me and I was crossing a zebra crossing. And seconds after I crossed the zebra crossing, the car was coming at very high speed and stopping, braking. And the thing is that this was one time in my life so far.

And one other thing happened one time in my life is that I had an inner voice that told me, look to the left. I was walking on a busy street on the pavement. There was one street leading to the busy street, a one-way street. And I was crossing this one-way street. I was looking to the right because the cars could officially only come from the right, but to my surprise, I heard a voice saying to me, “Look to the left.” And I said to myself, “What, am I crazy now”? since it was one way street.  And the voice said again, “Look to the left.” I thought now. Then it said it again, “Look to the left,” and I looked to the left, and there was nothing. And I went on, I crossed the zebra crossing and seconds afterwards I heard brakes screech. I turned myself. I saw a car that just stopped there. It had entered the one way street from the wrong side.

And I was really like this. And those things, these two things only happened so far once in my life and they happened together. So, that made me think about it. That was one experience, and another was when my grandmother died. I was standing at her bed. She was lying in her bed. I was standing there for one hour and then said, “Goodbye.” And then I went to bed at some point. And in the night I woke up, we were living on the second floor. I woke up because there was some knock on the door. And I woke up. It was also very strange. Maybe it wasn’t anything extraordinary, but when you’re in that situation, you think, “What is that?” And so, I started reading about some near-death experiences. Peter Fenwick and also Rupert Sheldrake, I find very interesting. So, I think science is good. It’s developing. But it cannot explain everything at the moment.

And I think it will never be able to explain everything because we are not able to understand everything. Also, reasoning is not always good. When you are very intelligent, you tend to be very rational and to think about it. But actually, in human interactions, people don’t act rational all the time. Otherwise, nobody would drive a car drunk also at high speeds, because that’s not rational. But people do it constantly and also I do it, not drunk, but I drive too fast sometimes. So, I mean, you cannot always act rational. And I think that is also disadvantageous because you tend to act rationally and to try to convince people of rational things, to do it rationally. But this is not working. That’s my experience because humans are not rational. I think it’s useful, some for some things, but not for everything. And I would also say that rational thinking leads into depression.

What I mean is that when I look at myself, “OK, I’m 59 now. I can calculate. Maybe, I live 15 years on and I live here in this house and the environment situation, the climate change, and so on.” When you take all this into account, the world looks very depressed, negative. So, because, usually, you don’t see the positive sides; when I was at school, Germany was still divided. Europe was still divided. And I had told my teacher that I wanted to talk about the reunification at that time with him, at some point, he was looking at me like I was talking about landing on Mars or something. Because in 1982, when I was doing my schooling, the world was still divided. There was a wall and most people couldn’t imagine that this wall would fall. And especially, they could not imagine that it would fall seven years later.

And if I had told him in 10 years, I will work in Berlin and Potsdam, and I will go across the border every day because it doesn’t exist anymore. They would have called me completely nuts. That would be like if I was talking about living on Mars next year or something. So, I mean, rational thinking. Yes, it has its limits.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: October 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-5; Full Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on General Philosophy and Unusual Experiences: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (5) [Online]. October 2021; 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-5.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, October 15). Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on General Philosophy and Unusual Experiences: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (5). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-5.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on General Philosophy and Unusual Experiences: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (5). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A, October. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-5>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on General Philosophy and Unusual Experiences: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (5).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-5.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on General Philosophy and Unusual Experiences: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (5).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A (October 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-5.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on General Philosophy and Unusual Experiences: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (5)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-5>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on General Philosophy and Unusual Experiences: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (5)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-5.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on General Philosophy and Unusual Experiences: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (5).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.A (2022): October. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-5>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on General Philosophy and Unusual Experiences: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (5) [Internet]. (2021, October 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-5.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links can be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and can disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Portraying Reality: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: October 8, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,362

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Uwe Michael Neumann developed a love of photography when he got his first camera, a Polaroid, at the age of eight years old. From 1982 to 1988, Neumann diverted from photography, studying law at Cologne State University. But his love of photography, driven by curiosity and the desire to see new things and discover and show their beauty, always called him back. He conducted his first photo tour in Provence, France in 1992. In 1998 he visited New York where he further developed his photographic style; experimenting with verticals and keystone/perspectives. Launching into the field of international cooperation he combined his daily work with his photography in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia, Finland, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden and Ukraine. In November 2014, Neumann attended the wedding of a daughter of the Sultan of Foumban, Princess Janina, in Foumban, north-west of Cameroon. There he met and became friends with the famous French photographer and producer, Alain Denis who inspired him to become a professional photographer, instructing him in portrait and landscape photography. After his life-changing visit to Cameroon in 2014 Neumann returned there in February 2015 taking photographs of Central Africa’s unique nature and everyday life, which differed greatly from Europe, and even tourist destinations in Africa like Kenya and the Republic of South Africa. During his stay in Central Africa, he lived in Yaoundé, Cameroon and travelled frequently to Equatorial Guinea, the Central African Republic, Gabon, Chad and Congo Brazzaville, among the poorest countries in the world. He also visited and photographed Algeria, Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo), Benin, Kenya, Egypt, Mauretania and the Republic of South Africa. Neumann focused on often-overlooked treasures in nature, the environment, and beauty in places seemingly dominated by poverty. In October 2017, Neumann returned to Berlin and worked on over 90,000 photos from Africa, launching his first exhibition in May in ‘Animus Kunstgalerie’, Berlin. In October 2018 his exhibition ‘Inner Africa’ in GH 36 gallery in Berlin was focused on Central Africa displaying not only a huge variety of photographs, but also traditional masks from different regions. In 2019 and 2020, other exhibitions at Bülow90, Berlin and Nils Hanke, Berlin followed. In Ghent, Belgium, he was a speaker at the European Mensa Meeting 2019 on Africa and presented some of his works.  He was also invited to present his works in the online exhibition e-mERGING a r t i S T S. and again at GH36 in the exhibition No Time. One of his photos was on the title page of the Norwegian magazine Dyade in 2019. His photos have also been featured several times in the online Magazine Foto Minimal & Art. In December 2021 his works were part of an exhibition at Basel Art Center in Basel, Switzerland. He discusses: myths around intelligent people; Yaounde, Cameroon, and photographing reality.

Keywords: Cameroon, IQ, myths, photography, reality, Uwe Michael Neumann.

Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Portraying Reality: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (4)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: This also another aspect of some of the conversations that I have with others. I mean, there are some myths around, not intelligence testing. All of those exist. It’s more around the aspects of intelligence. So, the idea that since someone has higher intelligence level; they, therefore, must have some compensatory mechanism. They must have a deficit in some area, other areas. These kinds of assumptions. And it’s harder to observe: A because it’s not physical prowess, which is immediately observable in someone. You can see someone as fit. Things coming from the mind are outputs. So, you have to see the person’s outputs in terms of intellectual productions, how they behave in life, et cetera, to get more of these more ephemeral qualities of the individual, which would be intelligent output in a wide range of or various circumstances. So, I can see a reason for a larger set of myths around intelligence just based on its being observed. At the same time, it also leads to a question. What are those myths? What have you come across as some of the myths about higher intelligence? And what do you think are some truths to dispel?

Uwe Michael Neumann[1],[2]*: I think many people are afraid of intelligent people. And maybe, also, because they think they are evil or something, and they want to be powerful or they want to use power. There may be some evil people, of course, I have read the Nazi leaders were also very intelligent, some of them. Of course, there are some evil people, but I think it’s not worse than any other layer of society. And maybe, that is one thing. Of course, that intelligent people are crazy; and that they are drug addicts. Some kind in some form. I remember once I spoke to a guy, some working class guy. He said that all the people from the university; they’re not drinking alcohol. They are into other substances and so on.

So, I think, maybe, one thing is also very common, which is also true that people, as far as I know; people rather tend to stay up late. And wake up late, some night owls, at least, that’s perfectly true with me and so many people who I know. But also, of course, there are others, the opposite. I would say that the main thing would be; I think that people think we are some kind of evil or also the myth that we have a high degree, academic degrees. And I know people who are working who are fitness trainers and who are carpenters who have very high IQ. So, basically, there is a high percentage of people who have an academic degree. I’m a lawyer. I have two law degrees. So, of course, many people have that. But it’s not necessarily the case.

And maybe, some professors of mathematics, they don’t have a high IQ, but, of course, they are capable of solving problems. I mean, it’s also, maybe, one myth: some people get tested and they get the result; they think, “Now, yes, I can do anything. I have an high IQ. I can just learn that, and I can do that.” No, IQ is one element. But to be successful in the field, you cannot replace or substitute, let’s say, experience by IQ, by intelligence. Because when you don’t know how to speak – let’s say – the ‘language,’ when you don’t practice, then you cannot speak it. And even if you have the highest IQ in the world, you have to practice.

Jacobsen: These are very important points. So, when you’re in Yaounde, Cameroon and taking photographs. What kinds of nature photographs or photography do you prefer, e.g., animals or landscapes, etc.?

Neumann: Actually, for me, it was very interesting to see the animals, especially the birds, because that’s really something that is really different. You don’t know to see it at first, but when you are sitting on your terrace. You look around. I remember one day I called and talked to my brother on the phone or Skype. The birds were singing, and it was very different from Europe. And I realize that the birds are completely different. And you don’t hear about that when you see a TV program about Africa. But when you’re there, this is a very small detail. And that was very interesting. And they are fast, and it’s also a challenge to take photos of them because they are so quick; and they move around. The spot photographers, they make a lot of fuss about the movement. I mean, it’s also great work.

But if you want to take photos of small birds that move around, that is really also hard work and a challenge. But what I also like is to just take pictures of ordinary people in ordinary situations because, at least we here in German-speaking Europe, we are getting a wrong idea by the media. I think they are completely missing the point when they talk about Africa. They are portraying it as if in Africa, everybody is starving. There’s constant catastrophe everywhere. Nothing is getting better and people are fleeing. But I can tell you: let’s say, if you look at the women, they are not as thin as European women because they don’t have this model culture when you have models like very small.

But when you see models from a fashion show from Nigeria, the models are like Ruben ladies. They’re completely different. And they are not starving. There is enough food for everybody and people are not fleeing, normally leaving the country, because they are so poor. But these are the people who have some more money and who want to go to, basically for most of them; it’s a business. And they want to improve their lives, which I can understand. But if you are starving, of course, that’s where there’s conflict. Usually, people are starving when there is conflict. And when the supply lines are cut off. We were having that in Germany in the First World War because the British blocked our supply lines. So, thousands of people, 10,000 were starving in Berlin in one summer, I think 1917, simply because the supply lines were cut off and that happened.

So also in Africa, that’s the same, when you have a conflict and the supply lines are cut off. Then, of course, people might starve. But the normal situation is not that people are starving. They have lots of food there. And actually, I’m thinking about showing photos of fat women from Africa to break this myth of the starving population. It’s not that I don’t want to help them, but I think the idea we get from the media, at least in Europe and Germany, is completely wrong. And it’s not like a permanent suffering. Of course, people have a lower level of life and the qualities and standards are much lower, but still it’s improving and it’s not like a permanent catastrophe. So, that’s why I’ve to come back to the original point. That is why I just want to show photos of this normal life, which for many people might not be so exciting because they are used to see like people from these tribes with the colorful things, with the spear and so on.

Ok, that is like if somebody from Bavaria is wearing leather trousers. It’s a traditional clothing, but people don’t use that in normal life. So, this is not reality. It’s nice, great photos. But this is not reality. I’m interested in reality. And the problem is media shows very narrow points, which are catastrophe. That it’s like when you have; let’s say, you have a rash on your skin. You’re bleeding, and so on. Like when you put a micro lens on the bleeding, it looks like everything is bleeding. No, it’s not everything. There’s a point that it’s bleeding. But the rest of the body is functioning normal. So, I’m interested to see reality and to show reality might be boring to many people. But that’s what I’m trying to do.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: October 8, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-4; Full Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Portraying Reality: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (4) [Online]. October 2021; 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-4.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, October 8). Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Portraying Reality: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (4). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-4.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Portraying Reality: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (4). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A, October. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-4>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Portraying Reality: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-4.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Portraying Reality: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A (October 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-4.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Portraying Reality: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-4>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Portraying Reality: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-4.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Portraying Reality: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.A (2022): October. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-4>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Portraying Reality: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (4) [Internet]. (2021, October 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-4.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links can be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and can disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Co-Morbidities, Heightened Intelligence, and Community: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: October 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,164

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Uwe Michael Neumann developed a love of photography when he got his first camera, a Polaroid, at the age of eight years old. From 1982 to 1988, Neumann diverted from photography, studying law at Cologne State University. But his love of photography, driven by curiosity and the desire to see new things and discover and show their beauty, always called him back. He conducted his first photo tour in Provence, France in 1992. In 1998 he visited New York where he further developed his photographic style; experimenting with verticals and keystone/perspectives. Launching into the field of international cooperation he combined his daily work with his photography in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia, Finland, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden and Ukraine. In November 2014, Neumann attended the wedding of a daughter of the Sultan of Foumban, Princess Janina, in Foumban, north-west of Cameroon. There he met and became friends with the famous French photographer and producer, Alain Denis who inspired him to become a professional photographer, instructing him in portrait and landscape photography. After his life-changing visit to Cameroon in 2014 Neumann returned there in February 2015 taking photographs of Central Africa’s unique nature and everyday life, which differed greatly from Europe, and even tourist destinations in Africa like Kenya and the Republic of South Africa. During his stay in Central Africa, he lived in Yaoundé, Cameroon and travelled frequently to Equatorial Guinea, the Central African Republic, Gabon, Chad and Congo Brazzaville, among the poorest countries in the world. He also visited and photographed Algeria, Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo), Benin, Kenya, Egypt, Mauretania and the Republic of South Africa. Neumann focused on often-overlooked treasures in nature, the environment, and beauty in places seemingly dominated by poverty. In October 2017, Neumann returned to Berlin and worked on over 90,000 photos from Africa, launching his first exhibition in May in ‘Animus Kunstgalerie’, Berlin. In October 2018 his exhibition ‘Inner Africa’ in GH 36 gallery in Berlin was focused on Central Africa displaying not only a huge variety of photographs, but also traditional masks from different regions. In 2019 and 2020, other exhibitions at Bülow90, Berlin and Nils Hanke, Berlin followed. In Ghent, Belgium, he was a speaker at the European Mensa Meeting 2019 on Africa and presented some of his works.  He was also invited to present his works in the online exhibition e-mERGING a r t i S T S. and again at GH36 in the exhibition No Time. One of his photos was on the title page of the Norwegian magazine Dyade in 2019. His photos have also been featured several times in the online Magazine Foto Minimal & Art. In December 2021 his works were part of an exhibition at Basel Art Center in Basel, Switzerland. He discusses: heightened intelligence; a double diagnosis alongside depression with ADS; a social interest group through Mensa; and high-IQ communities are providing support for individuals.

Keywords: co-morbidities, depression, folk psychology, high-IQ, IQ, Uwe Michael Neumann.

Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Co-Morbidities, Heightened Intelligence, and Community: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (3)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: And it’s counterfactual too. Because the correlations we have about heightened intelligence are that they’re positively linked rather than negatively linked. So, the folk psychology that you’re pointing out is counterfactual.

Uwe Michael Neumann[1],[2]*: Yes, it is. But I think this situation proved to me that people think so, because that was the only explanation. Why would you think that about this guy mostly, basically? So, what was it? I mean, he was just smaller than me. A lot smaller and he wore glasses. I didn’t wear glasses at that time. So, these two things. But that was really depressing to hear that because you cannot change it.

Jacobsen: You mentioned a double diagnosis alongside depression with ADS before. So, depression, I think in many countries; there’s more of a sensitivity to the difficulties that come along with it, minor and major, in many other forms of depression. Do you feel as if there’s more of a sensitivity to these morbidities? These things that may or may not help in certain areas of life.

Neumann: I think now there’s no sensitivity. Let’s say, I also have problems at work. I did a 10-page report on the U.S. tax reform. And I was focusing completely on the content. And my boss only commented that on page five, instead of font Arial, I was using Times New Roman and size 12. And they were always pointing out, “Yes, okay, that can happen to everybody,” but I think, “Okay, I have the tendency to overlook these things and to forget things and to lose things. I always constantly searching for things.” I now have developed some methods to reduce it a bit, but it’s a problem. But when you explain to people, I have a certificate. It’s officially accepted, officially proven. But when I tell that to my employers, they don’t understand that. They see, but they don’t understand about ADS and everything, so it’s difficult to explain to them.

So, that’s why I’m also trying to say I’m working at the tax administration and here the finance ministry. But I’m also working as a photographer. I’m trying to get independent and to become independent and to work solely. I want to make programs with Africa and international cooperation, and to also combine it with photography and video, and so on. So, I want to become independent because then, I think, I can design my own procedures and so on. So, that would help me out. The only thing lacking is funding, but, at the moment, it’s difficult for everybody.

Jacobsen: Do you think a social interest group through Mensa could be serviced to individuals with ADS, with depression, etc., to provide almost like a mutual support group as in, “I’m not the only one”?

Neumann: Yes. That’s very helpful. It’s always helpful to have discussion on a level that you can discuss things like this that we are talking about. And it’s really some conducted to the point of recharging the batteries. It’s very helpful, especially when you are not used to speak to intelligent people or people who understand the problems. It’s really like a relief. Anything that helps to exchange with all these things; it’s helpful. My friends and me, we are doing a lot of video conferencing like Zooming and so on. And that’s really helpful.

Jacobsen: Do you think that the high-IQ communities are providing support for individuals who might have co-morbidities? So, they have this thing generally seen as a positive, higher intelligence, while having certain things that can impair some functioning in life. It could be anxiety, depression, could be schizoaffective disorders, and so on. These things; I mean, they are distinct. They impact life in different ways. Yet, the commonality of someone having a high horsepower brain while having, three legs – so to speak, having that community of people to help them make sense of what’s happened in their life, for instance, or to have common communication. Do you think it’s at a point at which there is support or not?

Neumann: Yes. Let’s say to see that there are groups like this, and that there are people who have the same problems, it’s very supportive already. So, we are communicating. I think it’s very intense, also, because when you talk to somebody from Mensa; there’s some kind of respect. And how this person has been going through some difficulties in the past, of course, everybody has. But yes, there are specific problems. I mean, for most people the younger years are the best time of their life, but I would doubt at all for us. It’s more like it’s very difficult to realize that you’re different and you realize that you are different, but you don’t realize that in the first place. The first moment, in the beginning, you don’t realize that it’s high intelligence. People just think you are somehow strange and awkward.

So, you start to think somehow. Also, I think it’s also a self-fulfilling prophecy when people see you as something different. You feel uncomfortable. So, every kind of community and exchange helps you lots. It would have helped me a lot when I had this experience before. Actually, when I took the test, the IQ test was combined with the ADS test which was set by my neurologist. He explained the results for me. I was really shocked. I think, for three days, I was like walking like somebody with a shock, like had an accident or attack. It’s because it changes your whole view. And I’m now also on my way to work at the ministry while having my normal job. Many people think that, maybe, I’m stupid. They don’t understand. They wouldn’t think that I have passed this test with that result. They think that it has to be some kind of professor of mathematics in Princeton or – I don’t know – whatever university. That person has that test result, but not me.

Because I’m not perfect. I’m high-IQ, but but I have my shortcomings. So, it’s difficult. It’s also because the public perception of the majority of people; they would regard other people as potentially highly intelligent or whatever. Also, when it’s about partnerships and so on, I often hear the argument that women say that it must be easy for some intelligent men to get women because women want intelligent men. The thing is that the majority of women do not recognize intelligent men like the majority of men do not recognize intelligent men and women, of course. Because they have a different level of perpective, they cannot see it. It’s like basically, maybe; if you are in a bicycle race, and you see the person in front of you, but you don’t see the guy who is 10 kilometers in front of you because it’s so far away and can’t see him. I don’t know if that answered the question, but those were my thoughts about this.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: October 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-3; Full Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Co-Morbidities, Heightened Intelligence, and Community: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (3) [Online]. October 2021; 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-3.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, October 1). Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Co-Morbidities, Heightened Intelligence, and Community: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (3). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-3.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Co-Morbidities, Heightened Intelligence, and Community: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (3). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A, October. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-3>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Co-Morbidities, Heightened Intelligence, and Community: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-3.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Co-Morbidities, Heightened Intelligence, and Community: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A (October 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-3.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Co-Morbidities, Heightened Intelligence, and Community: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-3>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Co-Morbidities, Heightened Intelligence, and Community: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-3.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Co-Morbidities, Heightened Intelligence, and Community: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.A (2022): October. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-3>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Co-Morbidities, Heightened Intelligence, and Community: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (3) [Internet]. (2021, October 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-3.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links October be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and October disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on High-IQ Societies, Depression, ADS, and Alcohol: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: September 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,317

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Uwe Michael Neumann developed a love of photography when he got his first camera, a Polaroid, at the age of eight years old. From 1982 to 1988, Neumann diverted from photography, studying law at Cologne State University. But his love of photography, driven by curiosity and the desire to see new things and discover and show their beauty, always called him back. He conducted his first photo tour in Provence, France in 1992. In 1998 he visited New York where he further developed his photographic style; experimenting with verticals and keystone/perspectives. Launching into the field of international cooperation he combined his daily work with his photography in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia, Finland, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden and Ukraine. In November 2014, Neumann attended the wedding of a daughter of the Sultan of Foumban, Princess Janina, in Foumban, north-west of Cameroon. There he met and became friends with the famous French photographer and producer, Alain Denis who inspired him to become a professional photographer, instructing him in portrait and landscape photography. After his life-changing visit to Cameroon in 2014 Neumann returned there in February 2015 taking photographs of Central Africa’s unique nature and everyday life, which differed greatly from Europe, and even tourist destinations in Africa like Kenya and the Republic of South Africa. During his stay in Central Africa, he lived in Yaoundé, Cameroon and travelled frequently to Equatorial Guinea, the Central African Republic, Gabon, Chad and Congo Brazzaville, among the poorest countries in the world. He also visited and photographed Algeria, Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo), Benin, Kenya, Egypt, Mauretania and the Republic of South Africa. Neumann focused on often-overlooked treasures in nature, the environment, and beauty in places seemingly dominated by poverty. In October 2017, Neumann returned to Berlin and worked on over 90,000 photos from Africa, launching his first exhibition in May in ‘Animus Kunstgalerie’, Berlin. In October 2018 his exhibition ‘Inner Africa’ in GH 36 gallery in Berlin was focused on Central Africa displaying not only a huge variety of photographs, but also traditional masks from different regions. In 2019 and 2020, other exhibitions at Bülow90, Berlin and Nils Hanke, Berlin followed. In Ghent, Belgium, he was a speaker at the European Mensa Meeting 2019 on Africa and presented some of his works.  He was also invited to present his works in the online exhibition e-mERGING a r t i S T S. and again at GH36 in the exhibition No Time. One of his photos was on the title page of the Norwegian magazine Dyade in 2019. His photos have also been featured several times in the online Magazine Foto Minimal & Art. In December 2021 his works were part of an exhibition at Basel Art Center in Basel, Switzerland. He discusses: the Big Five; openness to experiences amongst the high-IQ; rigid structure; finding out about the gifts; the formal diagnosis for depression; and a protective against various forms of mental illness.

Keywords: Big Five, depression, high-IQ, openness to experience, IQ, Uwe Michael Neumann.

Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on High-IQ Societies, Depression, ADS, and Alcohol: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (2)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: What do you think of the, typically, psychologists who spend their life studying this stuff, speaking of the Big Five personality traits? Do you think openness to experiences, as you’re noting, is a big correlate with higher intelligence?

Uwe Michael Neumann[1],[2]*: Yes, I think certainly. Openness to new experiences, yes, for sure.

Jacobsen: What do you think might be exceptions to that rule?

Neumann: Openness to experiences. Exceptions, I don’t know. Maybe, some people are less interested. Let’s say a place like Africa, also higher IQ people, not everybody is interested to hear about Africa, but many people. But maybe, there are some who are, of course, not so keen on that. But basically, it’s compared to other groups of people. It’s very open and very open minded and very interested. People are very interested in these things. But no exception. No idea at the moment. Maybe later after the interview.

Jacobsen: It might be something like some kind of comorbid cognitive deficit in a social and a socio-emotional area, or something like this, where someone who is, for instance, part of Mensa or some other group qualifies, appropriately, while having a limitation in their interpersonal functioning. So, they would prefer the kind of rigid structure and don’t necessarily have a necessary tendency towards openness to experience. This sort of thing.

Neumann: Yes. Ok. I think many people are shy. So, even though, they are generally open, but, at some point – and also me, they are shy. When I was young, I was very, very lonely because I was growing up in a working class area. There are also very smart good working-class people. But in general, these people are very not smart, not so intelligent – let’s say, the opposite of intelligent. And I don’t have a grudge, but I was very lonely because you don’t fit in and then it’s difficult to interact with other people. I have many problems with that; and I think many people have the same problem when they are young. Many people are shy and that limits their possibilities.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: So, when were you finding out about the gifts? When did you develop those formal interests in academics to hopefully have your intelligence flourish a little bit more in school?

Uwe Michael Neumann: In school, I knew that I was intelligent, let’s say, in the first class. We had a contest, math contest, arithmetic; and we were given tasks like, “What is five plus five?” and then you have to add to answer. If you were the first one to answer, you could advance one step. And I was very fast. I was the guy who was winning the contest. I was always five six steps beyond the others. So, I realized that, “Yes, there’s something in me.” Also, I realize that I’m more sensitive than other people. I realized this about the world, let’s say. So, that gave me a shock. Because when you’re at a very young age, you realize how the world is. You get depressed, I would say. Because the first few, if you see the world is so big, there’s fighting. There’s aggression. There’s this and that and crime.

For me, at first, it was like when the ideas of the travel thinking. I became aware of my real involvement. Also, in this working class environment, this poor, relatively poor low education working class environment, I was really depressed. Also, I started some kind of meditation when I was 12 or 13 because I was lonely. I had no friends so much in that area when we moved, when I was 12 to a new area. And I was very lonely. I started meditating. I was thinking about things just sitting around, and so on. So, yes, I didn’t feel so good about university because I was also shocked when I came to university because in the first year; we were 800 students and I got really a shock. So, I’ve never felt really at ease at university and wasn’t particularly good at that. Yes, I can only work when I feel good, when I feel comfortable.

And also, I’m basically shy. So, for me, it was difficult. I tend to have depression. So, that’s also difficult when you only can work, let’s say, one hour a day because of your depression. And to get on with your work, so, that was difficult for me.

Jacobsen: What’s the formal diagnosis for depression?

Neumann: Diagnosis, yes. It was diagnosed later. But let’s say, I was constantly in psychotherapy and with a psychoanalyst, which didn’t help, actually. But now, I have a very good neurologist; and this is helping a lot; and Mensa is helping a lot. For me, this is the first time in my life. I became a member of Mensa and other High IQ organizations 10 years ago. And since then, it helped me a lot because now I really have friends and so got some new situation for me. So, I’m very thankful to have that.

Jacobsen: I’m not a psychiatrist. However, do you think that higher intelligence is a protective against various forms of mental illness, or do you think it can make it worse if present?

Neumann: Let’s say, I think in my case, I was more prone to mental illness or depression and things like that. And I suffer also from ADS. I think many people get depression. So, I get to cry. Yes, I get depressed very often. And it helps also to find strategies to get out of it. I developed a strategy for myself to stop drinking alcohol. I never took any drugs. Only once, I tried, but it was very few. But I had the habit of drinking alcohol every evening. I wasn’t an alcoholic. But I just had the habit to drink instead of one beer then it became two beers. In the end, it became three beers, basically, over years, many years. And at one point, I realized that I only drank beer because I was used to drinking beer. And then I developed a strategy to get out of this, and that worked, and that was 10 years ago.

So, I cannot sell it as a program for other people because it’s tailor made for me. But basically, you are able to get out of certain things. The thing of when I was very young was that you are not basically allowed to think that you would be one percent of the population in this group, basically, especially when you grow up in a working class environment, working class lower level public servants, and so on. You’re constantly told that you are not excellent. You cannot be that; or, maybe, they don’t tell you openly. And also, when you’re a man and you’re relatively big one, I’m six foot one and a half or something. People tend to think that you’re not intelligent. I remember when I was in school, I was sitting at a table. We were two students at one table. So, I was sitting next to a small guy with glasses. I didn’t wear the glasses at the time when I was at school. He was very small; and he wore glasses.

And at the end of the school year, the teacher said, “Yes, you got a three or two.“ We have a number system. One is very good and two is good. „But only thanks to your neighbor.” And I was really shocked because he was thinking that the small guy helped me to get through all this. And it wasn’t like that. We were sometimes exchanging, but it’s not like he was feeding me with the information. But people think when you are really big and when you’re a man; that you’re not intelligent, basically. And that is sometimes very… I find it depressing.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: September 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-2; Full Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on High-IQ Societies, Depression, ADS, and Alcohol: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (2) [Online]. September 2021; 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-2.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, September 22). Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on High-IQ Societies, Depression, ADS, and Alcohol: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-2.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on High-IQ Societies, Depression, ADS, and Alcohol: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A, September. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-2>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on High-IQ Societies, Depression, ADS, and Alcohol: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-2.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on High-IQ Societies, Depression, ADS, and Alcohol: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A (September 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-2.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on High-IQ Societies, Depression, ADS, and Alcohol: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-2>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on High-IQ Societies, Depression, ADS, and Alcohol: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-2.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on High-IQ Societies, Depression, ADS, and Alcohol: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.A (2022): September. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-2>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on High-IQ Societies, Depression, ADS, and Alcohol: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (2) [Internet]. (2021, September 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-2.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links September be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and September disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Bob Williams on David Piffer, Latent Variable Analysis, High Correlations with the g Factor, Executive Function, Leonardo da Vinci, DMN, Booze, Promiscuity, and Charles Murray: Retired Nuclear Physicist (4)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: September 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 6,416

ISSN 2369–6885

Abstract

Bob Williams is a Member of the Triple Nine Society, Mensa International, and the International Society for Philosophical Enquiry. He discusses: the more evidenced theories of creativity similar to g or general intelligence as the majority position of researchers in the field of general intelligence; theories of genius; the main figures in these areas of creativity and genius connected to the research on g; personality differences between scientists and artists; conscientiousness; the ability to think; the expected probability of genius at higher and higher cognitive rarities; Howard Gardner; Robert Sternberg; the works of Arthur Jensen building on Charles Spearman; and the questions remaining about genius.

Keywords: alcoholism, Arthur Jensen, Bob Williams, Booze, Camilla Persson Benbow, Charles Murray, creativity, David Becker, David Lubinski, David Piffer, Dean Keith Simonton, Default Mode Network, Executive Function, Flynn Effect, g Factor, genius, Hans Eysenck, Ian Deary, Latent Variable Analysis, Leonardo da Vinci, Linda Gottfredson, Michael Woodley, Nyborg, Promiscuity, Richard Haier, Richard Lynn, Richard Sternberg, sex drive, The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.

Conversation with Bob Williams on David Piffer, Latent Variable Analysis, High Correlations with the g Factor, Executive Function, Leonardo da Vinci, DMN, Booze, Promiscuity, and Charles Murray: Retired Nuclear Physicist (4)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: After a hiatus, round four, what would make a general test of creativity valid? Has David Piffer proposed anything? 

Bob Williams[1],[2]*: Piffer has done a good bit of work related to creativity and published several papers on it. To avoid congestion with my answer, I will append references to some of these papers. One of his particularly interesting observations: “There is some evidence that schizotypal triats and temperament are associated with creativity. Schizotypal traits as measured by the O-LIFE questionnaire were related to creative thinking styles and a subscale (but not the other three scales) ImpNon (Impulsive Noncomformity) was positively correlated to Divergent Thinking tasks in a sample of British students.“ 

Among the things he mentions in his papers are that Openness and low Conscientiousness are predictors of creativity. This has high face value and indirectly links creativity to intelligence (via Openness). He found a correlation of 0.54 between scientific and artistic creativity that was 70% genetic. Piffer suggested that the best measure of creativity is the impact of a work on its creative field. I like that definition more than the usual one of something novel and useful

From my perspective, measuring creativity is difficult. It is not like intelligence in that we don’t have a positive manifold and we don’t have good ways to check the measurement instruments. One of the problems I see is the lack of importance in creativity below the level that we see in great composers, directors, writers, etc. If a person has a very low level of creativity, or even no realistically detectable level, he will not suffer in the way that the same low standing would cause problems relative to intelligence. Piffer referred to two kinds of creativity: Big-C (as in true genius) and Pro-C (someone at a level where he can work professionally in a creative discipline). If we add one more category, Little C, we have a group where there is a range of creativity, but where it has little impact. 

People actually try to measure creativity over a full range. I’m not sure why or whether they have paid much attention to how the Little-C people are affected by their level of creativity. 

Tests have a construct validity and an external validity. The construct (internal) validity is simply an indication that the test is measuring the thing it is supposed to measure–in this case, creativity. The treatment of construct validity is less rigorous than a test of external (predictive) validity. One way it 

is done is by comparison to tests or other means of making the measurement. If it matches conventional expectations, it is showing internal validity. In the case of intelligence, the usual method is to factor analyze the test and compare the resulting factors to those found in other tests that are believed to show construct validity. 

If we consider validity to mean accuracy, the question is one of how well the test predicts creative output. If we have people at two significantly different levels of creativity, can we use their output to validate the measure, as we do in intelligence testing? I don’t know the answer; I see the whole approach to creativity measurement as fuzzy, even when compared to other life sciences. 

The more important validity is external or predictive validity, which tells us that the test is measuring things that can be predicted and verified. If the test shows that someone is in the 90th percentile of creativity, we expect that the person will display high levels of creativity in his job and life. For example, he may be a successful screenwriter or composer. Predictive validity is central to the whole

notion of being able to meaningfully test for creativity. If we are measuring things that actually predict real world outcomes, the test is useful. If it fails this, the test is of questionable value. 

Jacobsen: Why is the reliance on latent variable analysis important for the study of creativity? 

Williams: Latent traits are found in multifaceted constructs, including creativity. The use of latent traits allows the researcher to show how multiple variables interact and form a structure. Remote association tests are used in creativity research with good results. The difficulty level of making specific connections (item level in the test) can be determined using latent trait models. This is similar to Item Response Theory as used in intelligence tests. 

Jacobsen: Why is the reliance on latent variable analysis important for the study of intelligence? 

Williams: The often displayed hierarchical structure of intelligence is a representation of latent tra its. These identify narrow and broad abilities and g. All of these are latent traits and are essential to the understanding of intelligence. It is difficult to overstate the importance of g in the study of intelligence. It translates directly to the study of the brain, is remarkably stable over lifespan, and explains life outcomes better than any other single parameter. 

Jacobsen: What five items or tasks in formal intelligence tests have the highest correlation with the g factor? 

Williams: The g loadings of various factors are test dependent. For example, vocabulary is a well known factor that usually shows a very high g loading. But its specific loading depends on the structure of the test and the number of test items that correspond to each factor. If you add more test items, it tends to skew the loadings upwards. Some tests are designed to use only a single category of test items. The best known of these is the Raven’s Progressive Matrices. It can be factor analyzed to show that it has factors other than g, but those factors are usually ignored because they are not the traditional ones seen in comprehensive tests, such as the WAIS. 

The WISC-IV has only 5 Stratum II factors. Here are the g loadings for those: 

 Comprehension-Knowledge (Gc) __ .80 

 Fluid reasoning (Gf) __________ .95 

 Short-Term Memory (Gsm) _______ .62 

 Visual Processing (Gv) ________ .67 

 Processing Speed (Gs) _________ .27  

Timothy Salthouse created a factor structure from 33 of his studies (about 7,000 people, ages 18 through 95) and also found 5 Stratum II factors. The g loadings he found: 

Reasoning _____________________ .95 

Spatial ability _______________ .91 

Memory _______________________ .66 

Processing speed ______________ .60 

Vocabulary ____________________ .73 

Johnson and Bouchard found a natural structure of intelligence by using the 15 test Hawaii Battery, the

Comprehensive Ability Battery, and the The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. They eliminated some subtests to avoid duplication. When they factor analyzed the massive test, a four stratum structure emerged. I consider this to be the best fully analyzed study of the structure of intelligence. The top 5 g loadings: 

Verbal ________________________ .96 Stratum III factor Perceptual ____________________ .99 Stratum III factor Image rotation ________________ .97 Stratum III factor Scholastic ____________________ .88 Stratum II factor 

Fluency _______________________ .83 Stratum II factor 

The point of presenting these different results is to show how different tests cause different factors and different loadings. The very high loadings, in the last set, are the result of the large number of diverse test items used. This causes most non-g factors to cancel out. 

Jacobsen: What do these five tasks or sub-tests tell us about the structure of general intelligence and the human brain? 

Williams: If you look at the three sets of factors, you see that they are similar. Tests are generally designed to either fit the three stratum Cattell-Horn-Carroll model, or are forced to produce another three stratum structure. All tests show one general factor, that may appear at stratum II, III, or IV. Ergo, we have accepted and repeatedly confirmed Spearman’s early findings. I am always amazed by how much he reported over a century ago and how dead-on accurate his findings were. 

Richard Haier formulated the Efficiency Hypothesis based on positron emission tomography studies he did, starting in 1988. These showed high glucose uptake in low IQ cohorts and lower glucose uptake in high IQ testees. It meant that, when trying to resolve the same mental task, the low IQ group required high mental effort, while the bright group required less mental effort. Some MRI work was available with Jensen wrote The g Factor (1998), but it has only been in the 21st century that we have had large MRI based studies. It has only been possible to look for g in the brain by using advanced imaging technologies. Among the most important are structural MRI, functional MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging. The latter two have provided the ability to study white matter and brain networks. 

The above comments are a necessary introduction to what has been learned about the general factor within the brain. We already knew that g was unitary at the psychometric level. Now we know that it is not unitary at the neurological level. Richard Haier and Rex Jung found 14 Brodmann Areas that are strongly related to intelligence and problem solving. They created a model known as P-FIT (parieto-frontal integration theory) [described in detail in Haier, R. J. (2017); The Neuroscience of Intelligence, Cambridge University Press]. The model involves a sequential transfer of information between the cognitive centers, ending in the frontal lobes where the integrated information is evaluated. 

The distributed nature of g within the brain has been confirmed by various studies, including focal lesion studies (using the Vietnam Head Injury Study). An important finding from this and other studies of networks is that damage to critical white matter areas causes lowered g. These areas are concentrated networks that link the P-FIT regions. Since the important cognitive centers work by information exchange, we have to think of g in the brain as the areas that are being linked as well as the efficiency of the connecting networks. 

Most of the P-FIT Brodmann Areas (BA) share their associations with g and other non-g traits. BA-10,

however, is only associated with g. This area appears to function as a control mechanism that is critical to the distributed processing nature of g. 

Jacobsen: What do current tests of general intelligence miss? 

Williams: As you would expect, different tests miss different things. While researchers today recommend comprehensive tests (WAIS and Woodcock-Johnson, etc.) other tests that are not diverse still work well for most purposes. This is because of Spearman’s indifference of the indicator. We are ultimately trying to measure g and can do that by a variety of seemingly unrelated tests. Each of the different tests (consider vocabulary and block design) is g loaded and is measuring the same g. 

But, we know from the structure of intelligence that there are factors, particularly at the broad abilities level (Stratum II) that are particularly important to some tasks. Arguably the most important of these is spatial ability. In this paper: [Spatial Ability for STEM Domains: Aligning Over 50 Years of Cumulative Psychological Knowledge; Jonathan Wai, David Lubinski, and Camilla P. Benbow; 2009, Journal of Educational Psychology Vol. 101, No. 4, 817–835.] the authors show that spatial ability is high in people who pursue engineering and sciences and its magnitude increases as the degrees held go from Bachelors, to Masters, to PhD. These fields are heavily dominated by males. At least part of the reason is that there is a sex difference in spatial ability favoring males. Some tests do not have any spatial ability test items, so they would certainly miss this ability. We know that various test designers try to force their tests to show invariance by sex, which may be why they do not include spatial ability test items. 

Jacobsen: How much can an individual train and change the degree of executive function in adult life? Is it a trainable skill or something more innate as with the g factor? 

Williams: I haven’t seen any research showing that the executive function can be enhanced by training. It seems, however, that some people can increase things such as Attention and the inhibitory function (both are components of the executive function) when needed and decrease them when that is appropriate. When we see people focused to a degree that blocks out virtually everything around them, they are using the executive function in conjunction with the inhibitory function to stay on task and to block external stimuli. All of this is strongly related to working memory. High WMC enhances the executive function and other factors such as rate of learning, the formation of long term memories, and fluid intelligence. 

Jacobsen: With someone like Leonardo Da Vinci, what would the structure of such a creative genius mind look like in real-time at peak performance? 

Williams: I don’t think we have any data that relates directly to brain imaging of true genius. If we did have it, I would expect that those in different fields (art versus science) would show behaviors that are similar to their colleagues and quite different from those in other disciplines.  

The issue of artistic and scientific creativity is interesting to me; I see it as unresolved. I once asked Rex Jung if the two forms were the same and he said that they were. Jensen, on the other hand, expressed a belief that intelligence was a larger factor in scientific creativity as compared to artistic creativity. To me, this has more face value. I think that Jung was considering how tests of creativity work over a wide range of ability and was not focused on the rare true genius brains.

Neurologists have done measurements of some people while doing a creative task, such as music improvisation. Their findings are certainly related to real-time creativity, but I do not see this as relating to the brains of Leonardo or Beethoven. The task of learning what is going on in their brains is so difficult that I think it will not be resolved for a long time. The starting problem is to find people who are actually at that level of creativity. Then we have to be able to make meaningful measurements at the moment they are inspired to create. I think that director David Lynch is at that level of creative genius, but I doubt that we can monitor him constantly and figure out when and how his brain comes up with the huge number of elements that go into the finished film. My guess is that it is a series of creative flashes, spaced by tasks that require either different kinds of thought or those that do not demand creativity. 

I would also expect that if we were lucky enough to be able to examine several creative geniuses, we would find different approaches. Some would probably go into long, deep, creative sessions and some would have multiple sudden insights that they combine to produce their works. And we might find some who do both over the course of a project. 

In the specific case of Leonardo we have the most extreme example of a polymath I can imagine. His brain would be a neurological treasure today, now that we finally have the technology to really study it. In such extreme cases of genius it is difficult to imagine what biological factors were combined to 

produce the end results that were so profound. One would have to assume that his brain was an extreme case of factors that simply do not exist together in others. From the little we were able to learn about Einstein’s brain, we know that his too was bizarrely different. 

Jacobsen: What is the DMN, default mode network? 

Williams: The DMN is the network that we use during mind-wandering, spontaneous cognition, imagination and divergent thinking. It is detectable by the presence of increased alpha-power. As is always true, things are messy. While the DMN is clearly linked to these things, the production of novel ideas seems to arise from the interaction of the DMN and various other networks. When the brain stops mind-wandering and focuses on a specific task, the DMN disengages and switches to other networks. We now know that the brain doesn’t lock in on a specific network for a prolonged period; it switches between networks. One of the things that emerged from the focal brain injury studies was the identification of the regulatory role of Brodmann Area 10 as I previously mentioned. I am unsure if this includes network switching, but I think it is likely. 

I once asked Richard Haier if it was known whether solutions to problems (the kind that happen after study and then hit us unexpectedly as we are doing something unrelated) are actually made in real-time while we are in the DMN or if the answers were made subconsciously and then revealed using the DMN as a vehicle. He said we don’t know yet. 

Jacobsen: Odd question, incoming: How would a universal definition of genius expand into other species? So, we see certain traits consistent across species with some conscious cognitive capacity, so as to consider them – exceptional minds in individual species – geniuses. This would seem an enlarged consideration, biologically, of genius with potential insight into the nature of human genius, so the quality of genius itself. 

Williams: The only definitions I believe are appropriate to true human genius are those that relate to a constellation of traits, expressed at a high level. In the case of animal studies, it is difficult to measure as many behavioral traits as we see in humans. For example, researchers have found a general factor of intelligence in some animals, but that factor is based on a rather small group of different categories of problem solving. It may be possible to measure factors such as zeal and persistence in animals, but we have to see that these things are actually productive. For example, I recall a study of wolves and dogs in which there was a barrier between them and food. The wolves continued to repeat the same efforts to go directly to the food. The dogs figured out that they needed help and tried to get it from humans. The point here is that, while persistence tends to be a genius trait, it is so because the genius does not repeat the same failed effort endlessly. We have seen a lot more animal studies in recent years and they are becoming more sophisticated. It is likely that they will eventually have a wider spectrum of tests and measures of animal behavior and that may lead us to identify exceptional individuals. Related to this, much of the animal kingdom is organized around male physical strength and fighting over mates, which creates a situation where the things we see as genius in humans may not show up at all. 

Jacobsen: Why do creative people tend to drink so much? 

Williams: In the book The Cambridge Handbook of the Neuroscience of Creativity (2018) Rex E. Jung (Editor), Oshin Vartanian (Editor), there is a mention of creative professions showing twice the rate of alcoholism as found in the general population. Some of the people in these professions have creativity expectations associated with the use of alcohol. In general they seem to be right, at least for the insight stage of creativity, but as the amount of alcohol they consume increases, their creative output declines. As we know, at least from modern history, creative people tend to use other drugs as well. 

Jacobsen: Why are actors the biggest drinkers? 

Williams: The book cited above confirms that actors (60%) use alcohol at a level beyond the norm for the general public. It mentions writers as being particularly likely to have serious problems with booze. This makes sense in that writers have to constantly create new material and their “writers’ block” is often mentioned in various media. 

Jacobsen: Could those without high levels of executive function, but latent creativity, help themselves with exogenous agents such as alcohol to perform creative functions? However, this leads to the deleterious lives exhibited in high-performing creatives who have to rely on alcohol and other substances to accomplish incredible creative feats. 

Williams: I haven’t seen studies that directly address this situation. It falls into a category of research that is likely to be regarded as too dangerous unless conducted from natural data. I believe that it is a case of “a little helps, but too much hurts.” It follows the distribution that is sometimes called the inverted U curve. We see this in psychosis and neurosis, both contributing positively to genius results, but only when the level is “elevated” and not substantial. Various substances, that are used to enhance creativity, appear to work this way. The problem is that the use of the substances can become a drive and cause the user to not moderate his intake. 

Jacobsen: Is there a correlation between sex drive/promiscuity and genius? 

Williams: I can only guess, as I haven’t seen a specific study relating to it. What we often see in true genius is isolation and often no children. But I expect we can find rather extreme cases of sexual behavior, depending on the specific personalities and possibly on the category of work they do. One discussion

that relates to this: Who are the “Clever Sillies”? The intelligence, personality, and motives of clever silly originators and those who follow them; Edward Dutton, Dimitri van der Linden; Intelligence 49 (2015) 57–65. The title of the paper is somewhat misleading. From the paper: “… creative, original, uncooperative, and impulsive risk-takers. These kinds of characteristics permit them, like artists, to conceive of an original idea, thus showcasing their intelligence and creativity, and take the risks 

necessary – short term ostracism – to achieve their long term goal of high socioeconomic status. The fact that some of those whom we have assessed achieved high social status but not high economic status can thus be seen as the risks only partially paying off. In addition, the lack of sexual success among some of these figures is congruous with many geniuses not having children. But their actions can be interpreted as advantageous at the group level.” 

Jacobsen: If taking one moral perspective on it, is there a correlation between perversion or various forms and genius? 

Williams: That one falls outside of my knowledge base. I can imagine that there may be various forms of perversion, but I haven’t seen anything that explores the relationship. 

Jacobsen: When does conscientiousness become a negative trait? What contexts? I do not mean simply statements on specific professions. 

Williams: Low conscientiousness is found in artistic people and high conscientiousness is characteristic of people more likely to be found in STEM. Conscientiousness is less likely among people who use drugs (per our discussion) and who have random life patterns, consisting of no schedule or traditional jobs. The extent of problems relating to low conscientiousness is probably related to specific professions. There are lots of stories of actors who were difficult to work with, inclined to walk out, or get drunk. The most extreme cases of near-zero conscientiousness are those from the world of rock music, where performers have written the book on bad behavior and short lifespans. The “27 Club” was the subject of a documentary [27: Gone Too Soon] of at least 6 high level performers, but the total toll for young deaths is much larger. Low conscientiousness was one of many things that are obvious in the world of idol worshiped musicians. 

Jacobsen: Following from the previous question, when does conscientiousness become a positive trait? What contexts? 

Williams: In most employment situations, where a person has responsibilities that relate to an entire group, conscientiousness is valuable. You want to have the person who, when given a job, can be counted on to get it done, even if there is a tight deadline. The performers we discussed would not be a good choice for this kind of business. 

Jacobsen: How much is productivity a measure of genius? 

Williams: The magnitude of output of true geniuses is high. We see massive quantities of output from composers, painters, and writers, even from those who died very young. Part of this may be related to the speed with which some art is created. I once watched a documentary of Picasso, showing him painting. He was fast and changed the painting frequently by painting over parts of the painting repeatedly. I seriously doubt that a sculptor could chisel his way through a piece of marble quickly. The task is at least partly related to productivity, in the sense of output rate.

Jacobsen: Are there any substances that temporarily or artificially increase tissue functionality? Or, more generally, what about substances going in either direction of high FA and low FA temporarily due to their intake? What would be the expected effects and productive outputs from such intake, when heading into artificial high FA and artificial low FA? Perhaps, the wording isn’t sufficiently precise in the questions, but, I think, the curiosity for the idea is there. 

Williams: That is a thought provoking question. For the benefit of readers who are not familiar with FA, in this context, it means fractional anisotropy. This is a measure of diffusivity. If FA is zero, the medium is isotropic; if it is at the other extreme, 1, it means that the diffusion is along one axis and there is no loss to radial diffusion. In brain imaging, we see high FA as desirable; this means high tissue integrity. 

In the cases I have seen reported, FA is discussed as a tissue property that does not fluctuate. If it goes down, it stays down. But there may be studies showing that there are agents that can reduce FA temporarily and that it would return to normal when the agent is no longer present. Alcohol or drugs associated with hallucination might have some impact on FA (guessing). During the past week, we had the annual conference of the International Society for Intelligence Research. One factor that was discussed during an open session was the impact of anesthesia on the brain. I was unaware that it is believed to be damaging to intelligence. Unfortunately, the discussion was in the context of a one-way trip down. 

The reason this could relate to creativity (assuming that it happens) is that low FA can result in the brain following longer paths to join information. This presumably causes brain regions that are not related to the task at hand to be activated and may result in the formation of remote associations of the type associated with creativity. This would happen if a network has broken connections, thereby causing the brain to follow longer paths to complete tasks that recruit information from different parts of the brain. 

Jacobsen: For Mensa International, Intertel, the Triple Nine Society, the Prometheus Society, and the Mega Society, you observed a trend or pattern – non-absolute – of individuals who may not succeed in “education, profession, and personal relationships.” They seem more prone to becoming a part of them. Jensen mentioned in the Mega Press interview the dilettantish nature of the interactions and a void in deep, critical evaluation. Yet, the qualifications of the societies ground themselves in higher, sometimes abnormally, higher than normal IQs. Which leads to an associated, but somewhat distant, question, what is IQ missing regarding critical intelligence if that’s the case? The stereotype with some truth to it: A genius level IQ without a sense of the mechanics of the social and professional world, or the right question to probe an intellectual problem appropriately. 

Williams: It is certainly true and easily observable that these groups are statistically more attractive to people who have failed to establish meaningful careers, despite having high intelligence. Jensen mentioned that he was personally able to form satisfying relationships with his work colleagues and that, while all were bright, none belonged to Mensa (the only example he mentioned). Part of the answer may lie in the nature of personality. Of the Big Five, only Openness is significantly correlated with intelligence. That leaves a lot of room for other factors, as well as those that only appear in other personality test batteries, to cause problems. In fact, if you look at the four other traits, all of them can be expressed in a direction that could be poisonous to careers. I would expect that two traits would be particularly damaging: low conscientiousness and high neuroticism. 

Jacobsen: Does Charles Murray account for global population growth with the 1.5 times per year number in genius emergence? In short, is this number larger in more recent history with vastly more people living at the same time compared to the past, e.g. 0.75 times per year at some point in the past and 3 times per year at a time closer to the present? This is taking into account the speculation of a decline in mean national intelligence. 

Williams: No. Murray simply identified 4,002 people of extreme eminence over the period 800 B.C. to 1950 and limited his study to arts and sciences. The problem of computing the rate of genius birth is complicated because of the decline in real intelligence that is largely driven by the negative correlation between intelligence and fertility rate. [See At Our Wits’ End: Why We’re Becoming Less Intelligent and What It Means for the Future, by E. A. Dutton & M. A. Woodley of Menie. Exeter, UK: Imprint Academic.]  Dutton and Woodley express concern that the births of geniuses will become increasingly rare, despite many births among low intelligence groups. They fear that this will or already has led to a reduction in innovation and discovery rates. 

Jacobsen: What are the difficulties in estimation of mean national intelligence? 

Williams: We approach the study of national intelligence (the comparison of mean IQs by nation) by gathering as many datasets as possible for the nation in question, then converting them to a single standard. The conversion is parallel in principle to what we would do in a national economic comparison. In the latter case, we would convert all currencies to a single reference, such as the dollar or Euro. The standard we use for intelligence is white British. This standard is sometimes called the Greenwich IQ Standard. The details of conversion are discussed in Richard Lynn & David Becker (2019). The Intelligence of Nations. Ulster Institute for Social Research, London GB ISBN 9780993000157. 

For the most part, the difficulties are simply that it takes a large amount of work to deal with the full set of nations for which we have IQ data. There are lots of studies available for developed nations and most emerging nations, but some poorly developed nations have limited data available. When The Bell Curve was written, there were only a few reports of intelligence for sub-Saharan Africa. But since 1994, we have had data pouring in from around the world. Today we have so much data for many nations that we can map intelligence within the nation by states or provinces. These data have resulted in within-nation studies that have shown patterns that seem to largely reflect migration and economic factors. A rather large number of nations exhibit a higher mean IQ in the northern regions and a decrease at lower latitudes. The opposite is seen in Britain, where the brightest region is in the south and the dullest in the north. Researchers have explained this as the result of the decline in the coal mining industry and its impact on migration. In India, Intelligence is higher in the South and in states with a coastline (indicating economic factors relating to trade). When Richard Lynn first reported the intelligence gradient for Italy (higher in the North) he explained it by noting that mean local intelligence reflects the fraction of the population that immigrated from the Near East and North Africa. In that study regional IQs predict income at r = 0.937. This resulted in papers objecting to his findings and that resulted in an exchange of published papers. It appears that Lynn was (as I would have guessed) right. [The title of the initial paper is a good summary of what was found. In Italy, north–south differences in IQ predict differences in income, education, infant mortality, stature, and literacy; Richard Lynn; Intelligence 38 (2010) 93–100.] 

Jacobsen: What is the validity of the measurements done globally now? Some areas must be more reliable than others because of the finances and expertise to do it properly. 

Williams: I haven’t seen any reports of reliability for the IQ scores used in the national level studies. When IQ and the Wealth of Nations appeared, two things were triggered. The first was that researchers began to try different curve fits and concluded that a log scale works best and that nations with IQs below 90 were either in poverty or had valuable natural resources (usually oil). Some researchers attacked Lynn as usual. They claimed that his numbers were wrong; that they were based on too few data; that the nations were he used neighboring scores to estimate means could not be true; and that his entire study was politically incorrect and could not be trusted. But, the data, as mentioned above, kept coming in from sources around the world. Now we can say that Lynn was right on every point and that even the estimated mean scores were very close to measured scores that are now available. The validity of this work is shown in the many things that national mean IQ predicts: At the national level, mean national IQ correlates positively with per capita GDP, economic growth, economic freedom, rule of law, democratization, adult literacy, savings, national test scores on science and math, enrollment in higher education, life expectancy, and negatively with HIV infection, employment, violent crime, poverty, % agricultural economy, corruption, fertility rate, polygyny, and religiosity. These are the kinds of things used to establish the predictive validity of IQ tests. Naturally, there are confounds, such as the presence of natural resources in some low IQ nations, but the statistical predictions remain powerful. 

Jacobsen: Who else, other than Gardner, are individuals qualifying as individuals who are “in a category that is highly regarded by the general public and not by many serious intelligence researchers”? 

Williams: The first who comes to mind is Robert Sternberg. His triarchic theory was shredded by Linda Gottfredson and is not something other researchers have accepted. He has been criticized for grossly over citing his own work. In general, the public has embraced such things as emotional intelligence, grit, mindset, and other tabloid worthy inventions. In his book, In the Know: 35 Myths about Human Intelligence, Russell Warne goes through his list of things that the public loves to love but which are not science. I think the single most disliked person (from the perspective of researchers) is the late Stephen Jay Gould. His book, The Mismeasure of Man was an intentional distortion of facts and is loved by the public because politically left people wanted to hear his false message. He attacked g and other factors, such as brain size, using outrageous comparisons to what researchers were doing in the distant past. It was almost as extreme as claiming that chemistry is worthless because alchemists were unsuccessful. 

Jacobsen: Who are the most serious researchers and commentators on genius, on IQ, and on the g factor? I take those as three related, but separate, questions in one. 

Williams: Genius – Jensen wrote a good piece on genius in the last chapter of Intellectual Talent: Psychometric and Social Issues by Camilla Persson Benbow & David Lubinski; The Johns Hopkins University Press (January 22, 1997). Dean Keith Simonton has written numerous articles on genius. His work impresses me as biased and inaccurate. Eysenck wrote about genius and the personalities of genius. Some of this can be found in H. Nyborg, Editor, The Scientific Study of Human Nature: a Tribute to Hans J. Eysenck at Eighty, Pergamon, Oxford (1997). Eysenck believed that true genius required elevated neuroticism and psychoticism. Overall, the material we have about genius is based on observations of various eminent historical figures. Statistical studies are not seen because there is no satisfactory way to find and test a statistically meaningful group of such rare people. 

IQ – The most prolific and brilliant commentator on intelligence was Arthur Jensen. His lifetime output of 7 books and over 400 papers is huge and remains influential. I think that Richard Haier is probably the most important living commentator. With only 1 book and one DVD lecture set, he is nonetheless a major factor in our understanding of IQ from the neurological perspective. While

Charles Murray is accurately described as an author, he is one of the most knowledgeable intelligence scholars alive. Like Jensen, he has been willing to take the heat from the left and calmly discuss the realities of IQ. Ian Deary has been a high profile researcher and department head. Two young researchers have shown themselves to be bright, competent, and broadly focused. Michael Woodley has authored or co-authored half a dozen books, covering a wide range of topics. His work has been at the forefront of new understandings of such topics as the Flynn Effect and the decline of intelligence. Like Woodley, Stuart Ritchie has rapidly become a serious contributor to the understanding of intelligence. I have read his books and find that his writing style is particularly appealing. His most recent book, Science Fictions, is a detailed account of abuses of the scientific process of doing research and reporting it. 

Psychometric g – Jensen almost single-handedly convinced researchers worldwide that intelligence is about g and that their work should be focused on g. His book The g factor: The science of mental ability is the most cited in all of intelligence research. Linda Gottfredson has been a prolific writer of g related papers and articles. She has devoted much of her energy to explaining g and its consequences to non-experts and has made her entire output available to the public on her web site. Today, intelligence research is g research, so it is fair to say that we have lots of people writing about g and studying how it relates to the neurology of the brain. 

References

Can creativity be measured? An attempt to clarify the notion of creativity and general directions for future research; Davide Piffer; Thinking Skills and Creativity, Volume 7, Issue 3, December 2012 

The personality and cognitive correlates of creative achievement; Davide Piffer; Open Differential Psychology April 7th, 2014. 

Shared genetic and environmental influences on self-reported creative achievement in art and science; Yoon-Mi Hur, Hoe-Uk Jeong, Davide Piffer; Personality and Individual Differences, Volume 68, October 2014, Pages 18-22.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Retired Nuclear Physicist.

[2] Individual Publication Date: September 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-4; Full Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Bob Williams on David Piffer, Latent Variable Analysis, High Correlations with the g Factor, Executive Function, Leonardo da Vinci, DMN, Booze, Promiscuity, and Charles Murray: Retired Nuclear Physicist (4)[Online]. September 2021; 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-4.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, September 15). Conversation with Bob Williams on David Piffer, Latent Variable Analysis, High Correlations with the g Factor, Executive Function, Leonardo da Vinci, DMN, Booze, Promiscuity, and Charles Murray: Retired Nuclear Physicist (4)Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-4.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Bob Williams on David Piffer, Latent Variable Analysis, High Correlations with the g Factor, Executive Function, Leonardo da Vinci, DMN, Booze, Promiscuity, and Charles Murray: Retired Nuclear Physicist (4). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A, September. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-4>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. “Conversation with Bob Williams on David Piffer, Latent Variable Analysis, High Correlations with the g Factor, Executive Function, Leonardo da Vinci, DMN, Booze, Promiscuity, and Charles Murray: Retired Nuclear Physicist (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-4.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott Conversation with Bob Williams on David Piffer, Latent Variable Analysis, High Correlations with the g Factor, Executive Function, Leonardo da Vinci, DMN, Booze, Promiscuity, and Charles Murray: Retired Nuclear Physicist (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A (September 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-4.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Bob Williams on David Piffer, Latent Variable Analysis, High Correlations with the g Factor, Executive Function, Leonardo da Vinci, DMN, Booze, Promiscuity, and Charles Murray: Retired Nuclear Physicist (4)In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-4>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Bob Williams on David Piffer, Latent Variable Analysis, High Correlations with the g Factor, Executive Function, Leonardo da Vinci, DMN, Booze, Promiscuity, and Charles Murray: Retired Nuclear Physicist (4)In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-4.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Bob Williams on David Piffer, Latent Variable Analysis, High Correlations with the g Factor, Executive Function, Leonardo da Vinci, DMN, Booze, Promiscuity, and Charles Murray: Retired Nuclear Physicist (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.A (2022): September. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-4>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Bob Williams on David Piffer, Latent Variable Analysis, High Correlations with the g Factor, Executive Function, Leonardo da Vinci, DMN, Booze, Promiscuity, and Charles Murray: Retired Nuclear Physicist (4) [Internet]. (2021, September 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-4.

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Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Picking One’s Own Pocket,” “Did Gurdjieff understand his own teaching?”, “What is the work?”, “Truth,” “Good and Evil,” and “Is this what the work has become?”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (6)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 804

ISSN 2369–6885

Abstract

Richard May (“May-Tzu”/“MayTzu”/“Mayzi”) is a Member of the Mega Society based on a qualifying score on the Mega Test (before 1995) prior to the compromise of the Mega Test and Co-Editor of Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society. In self-description, May states: “Not even forgotten in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), I’m an Amish yuppie, born near the rarified regions of Laputa, then and often, above suburban Boston. I’ve done occasional consulting and frequent Sisyphean shlepping. Kafka and Munch have been my therapists and allies. Occasionally I’ve strived to descend from the mists to attain the mythic orientation known as having one’s feet upon the Earth. An ailurophile and a cerebrotonic ectomorph, I write for beings which do not, and never will, exist — writings for no one. I’ve been awarded an M.A. degree, mirabile dictu, in the humanities/philosophy, and U.S. patent for a board game of possible interest to extraterrestrials. I’m a member of the Mega Society, the Omega Society and formerly of Mensa. I’m the founder of the Exa Society, the transfinite Aleph-3 Society and of the renowned Laputans Manqué. I’m a biographee in Who’s Who in the Brane World. My interests include the realization of the idea of humans as incomplete beings with the capacity to complete their own evolution by effecting a change in their being and consciousness. In a moment of presence to myself in inner silence, when I see Richard May’s non-being, ‘I’ am. You can meet me if you go to an empty room.” Some other resources include Stains Upon the Silence: something for no one, McGinnis Genealogy of Crown Point, New York: Hiram Porter McGinnis, Swines List, Solipsist Soliloquies, Board Game, Lulu blog, Memoir of a Non-Irish Non-Jew, and May-Tzu’s posterous. He discusses: “Picking One’s Own Pocket”; “Did Gurdjieff understand his own teaching?”; “What is the work?”; “Truth”; the meaning of truth in “Truth”; “Good and Evil”; so few being awake; “Is this what the work has become?”; the work, and play; identification with the work; identification with the work considered sleeping rather than waking; and Gurdjieff and Wittgenstein. 

Keywords: Blavatsky, Gurdjieff, Ouspenky, Richard May, the work, Wittgenstein.

Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Picking One’s Own Pocket,” “Did Gurdjieff understand his own teaching?”, “What is the work?”, “Truth,” “Good and Evil,” and “Is this what the work has become?”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (6)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: “Picking One’s Own Pocket” describes a context in which the truth, to an individual, gets posed as forever-incomplete, while the truth, itself, can be complete. How is this playing off the poly-agnosticism regarding different levels of knowledge in other braindroppings in Something for No One?

Richard May[1],[2]*: To me picking one’s own pocket meant simply that one cannot abrogate one’s own authority in choosing what or whom to believe, if anyone. It’s your judgement.

Jacobsen: “Did Gurdjieff understand his own teaching?” posits, based on Blavatsky’s and Gurdjieff’s overlap in writings, Gurdjieff taking from other sourcing without full knowledge of the implications of the knowledge or parts of the systems lifted from other sources. Who was Gurdjieff? Why was he important? Is he well-regarded in general or more as a fringe loon, or a excommunicated enlightened figure found, more or less, in obscurity? Same questions on Blavatsky, too, please. (These are not Zen koans.)

May: There are hundreds of books on the topic of who Gurdjieff was. No one knows who Gurdjieff was.

Gurdjieff was important only to his pupils.

He is generally regarded as a obscure fringe loon, as you suggest, except by his pupils, and Blavatsky could only aspire to be regarded as a fringe loon.

Jacobsen: “What is the work?” describes a stick with two ends, but inverts North American Judeo-Christian theological foundations. How does the devil lead to paradise and God to hell?

May: The devil may lead to paradise and God lead to hell? I do not know that there is a devil or a God. This is something Gurdjieff seemed to claim. But Gurdjieff said can lead to paradise, not does lead with certainty.

Jacobsen: “Truth” describes the where the lies of truth lie. Side questions, what was the importance of Ouspensky? What is the importance of Blavatsky? What was the importance of Gurdjieff? Because… they seem neither well-known nor well-understood.

May: Ouspensky is generally regarded as Gurdjieff’s most important pupil. Otherwise Ouspensky had no importance. Ouspensky wrote coherent English. Blavatsky and Gurdjieff had no importance except to their pupils. Blavatsky and Gurdjieff were neither well-known nor well-understood.

Jacobsen: What is “truth,” in that sense,” as stated in “Truth”? What is truth and falsehood in that sense? What does this state about human nature with defilement of truth as necessary for truth to come forth and be heard properly?

May: Gurdjieff seemed to be saying that humans as they were could not understand truth. Truth could only be understood by most humans if presented as a lie.

Jacobsen: “Good and Evil” explains the nature of good and evil as first requiring a realization of them. How do good and evil only exist for a few?

May: That good and evil only exist for a few was a claim made by Gurdjieff. I don’t know how this is true, or if the claim even has any meaning.

Jacobsen: Why are so few awake? What is “awake” in this sense? Is it akin to enlightenment in some philosophies of Buddhism?

May: Why are so few awake? What is the biological utility in an evolutionary context of awakening? Maybe awakening has no biological utility. I think awake may be equivalent to enlightenment in some Buddhist philosophical schools. But I may be incorrect.

Jacobsen: “Is this what the work has become?” talks about the work. First, what is the work?

May: The work is Gurdjieff’s system for awakening humans from the condition of being what he called sleeping machines or unconscious automata.

Jacobsen: Second, why does it have to be work? Why not play?

May: Referring to Gurdjieff’s system as work rather than play suggests that it may be difficult to awaken. But I did not choose the terminology of work or play. Supposedly the sheep in the folk tale of the magician illustrate the illusions of hypnotic sleep.

Jacobsen: The magician sounds sadistic and cruel. What is the identification with the work?

May: Supposedly the sheep in the folk tale of the magician illustrate the illusions of hypnotic sleep.

Jacobsen: How is this identification with the work considered sleeping rather than waking?

May: Identification in any form is considered to be sleep.

Jacobsen: Is the act of identifying the work akin to the universe seeing its own back, so as to mess with the still waters of the awakened — so to speak? By act of observation, the work is broken. One is no longer awake but asleep with an even deeper illusion.

May: I don’t understand your question regarding “the universe seeing its own back.”

Gurdjieff may have taught that one could sometimes awaken if only for a moment.

Ludwig Wittgenstein also noted this changing quality of human attention. He wrote that we may occasionally awaken for a moment sufficiently to realize that we have been asleep and dreaming.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society.”

[2] Individual Publication Date: September 8, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-6; Full Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Picking One’s Own Pocket,” “Did Gurdjieff understand his own teaching?”, “What is the work?”, “Truth,” “Good and Evil,” and “Is this what the work has become?”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (6)[Online]. September 2022; 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-6.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, September 8). Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Picking One’s Own Pocket,” “Did Gurdjieff understand his own teaching?”, “What is the work?”, “Truth,” “Good and Evil,” and “Is this what the work has become?”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (6). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-6.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Picking One’s Own Pocket,” “Did Gurdjieff understand his own teaching?”, “What is the work?”, “Truth,” “Good and Evil,” and “Is this what the work has become?”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (6). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A, September. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-6>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. “Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Picking One’s Own Pocket,” “Did Gurdjieff understand his own teaching?”, “What is the work?”, “Truth,” “Good and Evil,” and “Is this what the work has become?”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (6).In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-6.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Picking One’s Own Pocket,” “Did Gurdjieff understand his own teaching?”, “What is the work?”, “Truth,” “Good and Evil,” and “Is this what the work has become?”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (6).In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.A (September 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-6.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Picking One’s Own Pocket,” “Did Gurdjieff understand his own teaching?”, “What is the work?”, “Truth,” “Good and Evil,” and “Is this what the work has become?”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (6)’, In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-6>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Picking One’s Own Pocket,” “Did Gurdjieff understand his own teaching?”, “What is the work?”, “Truth,” “Good and Evil,” and “Is this what the work has become?”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (6)’, In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-6.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Picking One’s Own Pocket,” “Did Gurdjieff understand his own teaching?”, “What is the work?”, “Truth,” “Good and Evil,” and “Is this what the work has become?”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (6).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.A (2022): September. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-6>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Richard May (“May-Tzu”/”MayTzu”/”Mayzi”) on “Picking One’s Own Pocket,” “Did Gurdjieff understand his own teaching?”, “What is the work?”, “Truth,” “Good and Evil,” and “Is this what the work has become?”: Co-Editor, “Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society” (6) [Internet]. (2022, September 28(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/may-6.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012–2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links September be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and September disseminate for their independent purposes.

Free of Charge 10 – Theology Transcending Into Nothing, Various Privileges, and Points of Education

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 28.E, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (23)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,976

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Dr. Herb Silverman is the Founder of the Secular Coalition for America, the Founder of the Secular Humanists of the Lowcountry, and the Founder of the Atheist/Humanist Alliance student group at the College of Charleston. He authored Complex variables (1975), Candidate Without a Prayer: An Autobiography of a Jewish Atheist in the Bible Belt (2012) and An Atheist Stranger in a Strange Religious Land: Selected Writings from the Bible Belt (2017). He co-authored The Fundamentals of Extremism: The Christian Right in America (2003) with Kimberley Blaker and Edward S. Buckner, Complex Variables with Applications (2007) with Saminathan Ponnusamy, and Short Reflections on Secularism (2019), Short Reflections on American Secularism’s History and Philosophy (2020), and Short Reflections on Age and Youth (2020). He discusses: theology; supernaturalism; “rational analysis”; maximization of happiness; an afterlife; agency of non-human animals; belief in God and fear of death; white privilege and White Christian Nationalism; white privilege, considerations; false rumours and wishful thinking; development of a humanistic outlook; American soft power waning; climate change; education in logic; Christian and private religious schools; and modern sex education.

Keywords: America, Christianity, ethics, Herb Silverman, Humanism, logic, morality, non-human animals, religious belief, sex education, supernaturalism, theology, Utilitarianism, White Christian Nationalism.

Free of Charge 10 – Theology Transcending Into Nothing, Various Privileges, and Points of Education

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Is theology a dead field, at this point? I mean in the sense of ethics connected directly to reality, so the natural sciences, and morality grounded in human concern. What is the point of theology at this point if any? Thousands of Th.D.s, presumably, or some ridiculously high number, must be published annually on the subject matter. To me, it looks as if an entirely farcical endeavour and an enormous waste of human time and talent. Smart people seemingly wasting their lives in fruitless considerations of the attributions of those objects so transcendental that they’ve transcended into nothingness.

Dr. Herb Silverman: I’m not opposed to theology if done right. Theology, to me, is the study of religious belief. I think it’s important to learn about religious and god beliefs that have influenced our culture. Theology is often taught in academic religious studies programs. Learning about different theologies that sound ridiculous to some students often makes them think about the religion in which they were raised, and why it might sound ridiculous to an outsider. It’s sometimes only a short step from thinking that their religion and god beliefs are also ridiculous. So, studying theology can create atheists.

Jacobsen: If supernatural, transcendentalist ethics can be rejected, and if theology seems like a dead field of enquiry in terms of moral truth, what would be the long-form and the short-form statement on a secular humanist Golden Rule? A comprehensive statement covering all relevant concerns mentioned before, by you.

Silverman: Supernatural ethics can certainly be rejected because we live in the natural world, and supernatural is a meaningless expression promoted by people who believe in so-called holy books. I would say a short-form statement for a secular humanist Golden Rule is that we should not treat others in ways that we would not like to be treated. This is not much different from the traditional Golden Rule as long as “others” means all other people, not just a favored tribe (as is the case with most religions). A long-form statement about universal morality requires empathy and reciprocity. We know that humans are an integral part of nature, the result of unguided evolutionary change. Humans are social animals and find meaning in relationships, so we should work on improving our relationships. We need to learn how others would like to be treated as individuals. Since ethical values are derived from human need and interest and tested by experience, we must continually discover new ways to improve secular humanism.

Jacobsen: With “rational analysis” as part of the knowledge of the world considered in the humanist ontology, what about cognitive biases? Those anthropological truths hammering away at the idea of the “rational” individual humanist who makes the “rational analysis.”

Silverman: Cognitive bias is our tendency to listen more often to information that confirms our existing beliefs. We need to be aware of cognitive biases when we try to make rational decisions. Regardless of how rational we think we are, we are all subject to confirmation bias, probably an evolutionary characteristic. Some cognitive bias might have served our hunter-gatherer ancestors well. It likely brought about faster decision-making when speed was more valuable than accuracy.

Scientists are always concerned about confirmation bias, which is why they usually test a theory by first looking for examples that would show their theory to be false. If found, they either modify the theory or discard it. When mathematicians think they have proved a theorem, before submitting it for publication they look for a counter example that would show the proposed theorem to be false.

Religious people are particularly subject to confirmation bias, believing without evidence what their “holy” books say, listening mainly to others who hold those same beliefs, and not considering all the facts in a logical and rational manner.

Many people only pay attention to information that confirms their beliefs through selected news sources and social media. This includes opinions about issues like global warming, wearing masks during a pandemic, getting vaccines, following science, and gun control. This also happens on a governmental level. Witness the confirmation bias that the leaders of the United States have had for 20 years about Afghanistan.  

Jacobsen: Why is maximization of happiness important? Is Humanism, in this sense, a branch of Utilitarian philosophy (Millian more than Benthamite)?

Silverman: Utilitarianism, as I understand it, is a philosophy that aims for the betterment of society as a whole. Where happiness applies to Humanism, I can’t improve on the quote from Robert Green Ingersoll, known as the Great Agnostic: “Happiness is the only good. The time to be happy is now. The place to be happy is here. The way to be happy is to make others so.” 

Jacobsen: Is “afterlife” an oxymoronic phrase? It’s extremely common as both a word and a sentiment. Does this word and idea modestly annoy you, too?

Silverman: I don’t know that “afterlife” is oxymoronic, since I can’t prove there isn’t one. On the other hand, I would bet my life that there is no afterlife. In fact, I am doing so. Since we don’t delude ourselves into thinking we will have an afterlife, we ought to decide what we want to accomplish in this, our one and only life. I am comforted in knowing that I can contribute something useful in the world. Sometimes our choices and their repercussions live longer than we do, impacting on family, friends, people we don’t know, and future generations. 

Jacobsen: If human beings have agency, and if non-human animals have a modicum of agency relative to human beings, should the meaning in life of other evolved critters be respected, too?

Silverman: Of course, we should show respect for other evolved critters, besides humans. That’s why I’m a vegan (except for ice cream). After all, humans are just fish plus time. 

Jacobsen: Is the belief in God based on a fear of death, generally? In my interview with the late James Randi, he considered this core to the whole enterprise of globally held falsehoods from religions and New Age beliefs (what he, in a neologism, termed “Newage”)?

Silverman: I think belief in God is largely, but not totally, based on a fear of death. Some people want to believe they will somehow go on after they die. God is an easy, though false, answer for them. Humans are pattern-seeking animals who like to know answers. When ignorant of why something occurs, some say “God did it,” which is known as the “God of the gaps.”  Of course science often comes up with real explanations, so the gap keeps shrinking. 

Jacobsen: Why is white privilege so tied up with Christian Nationalism in the United States now? 

Silverman: If I were to give a two-word answer, it would be “Donald Trump.” Despite Trump’s unchristian behavior and comments, white evangelicals voted overwhelmingly for him and still support him. The “white” component is partly about stopping immigration of non-whites. White Christian Nationalists would like to return to the days when whites could easily and more legally discriminate against those of a different race and those who were not Christian. That is what they mean when they say, “Make America Great Again.”

Jacobsen: What parts of white privilege seem legitimate and illegitimate in the various presentations of it?

Silverman: It’s hard to come up with a legitimate part of while privilege, other than to say we should not blame all whites for discrimination against non-whites. I don’t favor reparation to all African-Americans regardless of status, but I do favor affirmative action programs and helping those who were deprived of a decent education. We should put more public money and quality teachers into poor schools, many of which are predominately African-American. 

Jacobsen: In either false rumors or wishful thinking, are the same mental mechanisms at play?

Silverman: I see some difference in that people can often show rumors to be false by providing contrary evidence. Wishful thinking might simply be hoping for a best possible outcome in a situation. It can also be holding to a belief, like in a god or an afterlife, that can’t be disproven.

Jacobsen: In personal experience, or based on research into it, what factors seem the most important in the development of a humanistic mentality and outlook on life, earlier in life rather than later? I am only part of the community for the last few years, very few in fact, but I have interviewed and talked to a lot of people, happily. I’m far more impressed with the secular humanist community than most others, while the non-theistic Satanists seem to do the best at provocative and creative sociopolitical commentary through protest. 

Silverman: I think encouraging young people to think for themselves and search for evidence to support their beliefs goes a long way leading them to secular humanism. Explaining why you accept a rational, evidence-based humanist philosophy that is guided by reason and inspired by compassion should be part of their upbringing. Though not everyone is comfortable with the name, I personally like the Satanic Temple, whose members are atheists and have no belief in Satan. They picked a catchy name to piss off the religious right and to protest against those who  try to use the government to support religion. 

Jacobsen: Is American soft power waning? Does this threaten the promise of increases in global democracy? I ask because America, in spite of ridiculous antics and interior flaws, represented an ideal of a largely free state of affairs for citizens in a democratic country in contrast to so many other countries. 

Silverman: I hope we can get to the post-Trump America, where we support human right and democracy at home and abroad, and no longer support autocrats elsewhere. That’s how we can make America great again.

Jacobsen: With climate change as another sword of Damocles to global society, what are the democratic alternatives to this state of affairs? What is being done? How can humanists cast their vote to edge the world towards constraining the runaway effects of greenhouse gases this late in the game? Many in the younger generations may not know old age because many in the younger generations may die before old age might happen for them, due to direct and derivative effects of climate change. 

Silverman: This is not easy to answer. Humanists follow the science about climate change and work with other groups, humanist or not, to try to lessen the effects of climate change. I hope we have not reached the point of no return on planet Earth.

Jacobsen: Why focus on an education in logic for students?

Silverman: Learning logic is a way for students to see fallacies constructed by others, and how to create a solid argument for a position.

Jacobsen: Why have private Christian and religious schools rejected or warped the correct teaching of the theory of evolution in their classrooms? How does this hobble students with an interest in learning biology and medicine, or in simply having an accurate idea as to the origins and development of life?

Silverman: A lot of religious schools reject the theory of evolution because it conflicts with their holy books. Students in these schools who are interested in science need to learn about evolution, perhaps by talking to someone who understands that evolution is an essential component of science or by reading legitimate science books on their own.

Jacobsen: Side note, with a rejection of the teaching of modern sex education, and with the known consequences to the life outcomes of more students on average in the negative, is this another example of the high negative cost of religion in public life?

Silverman: Yes. Schools that reject the teaching of modern sex education usually have an inordinate number of teen pregnancies.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Dr. Silverman.

Appendix I: Footnotes

 [1] Founder, Secular Coalition for America; Founder, Secular Humanists of the Low Country; Founder, Atheist/Humanist Alliance, College of Charleston.

[2] Individual Publication Date: September 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-10; Full Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Free of Charge 10 – Theology Transcending Into Nothing, Various Privileges, and Points of Education [Online]. September 2022; 28(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-10.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2022, September 1). Free of Charge 10 – Theology Transcending Into Nothing, Various Privileges, and Points of Education. Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-10.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Free of Charge 10 – Theology Transcending Into Nothing, Various Privileges, and Points of Education. In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.E, September. 2022. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-10>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. “Free of Charge 10 – Theology Transcending Into Nothing, Various Privileges, and Points of Education.In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.E. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-10.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Free of Charge 10 – Theology Transcending Into Nothing, Various Privileges, and Points of Education.In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 28.E (September 2022). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-10.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Free of Charge 10 – Theology Transcending Into Nothing, Various Privileges, and Points of Education’, In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.E. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-10>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2022, ‘Free of Charge 10 – Theology Transcending Into Nothing, Various Privileges, and Points of Education’, In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 28.E., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-10.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Free of Charge 10 – Theology Transcending Into Nothing, Various Privileges, and Points of Education.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 28.E (2022): September. 2022. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-10>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Free of Charge 10 – Theology Transcending Into Nothing, Various Privileges, and Points of Education [Internet]. (2022, September 28(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-10.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links September be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and September disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights and In-Depth Interviews: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (7)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: August 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,015

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

PM Salih Hudayar is the Prime Minister of East Turkistan (Government-in-Exile) and the Founder of the East Turkistan National Awakening Movement. He discusses: human rights abuse; and in-depth interviews.

Keywords: China, Chinese, colonialism, government-in-exile, Prime Minister, Salih Hudayar, Turks, Uyghurs.

Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights and In-Depth Interviews: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (7)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted October 20, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Do you think these human rights abuses and extreme levels of corruption and colonization can continue indefinitely or will there simply be a temporary phase in those efforts of the Chinese government?

Salih Hudayar: So, it won’t continue indefinitely because either they’re going to wipe us out. At that point, after they wiped us out they would have achieved their objective. It’s going to continue until they reach that objective or until we get our independence which is the only two ways to see this. This is not just specific to that; most people don’t know about East Turkistan and our struggle. They think that “Oh, it’s just the Communist Party.” No, it’s just the issue of the Communist Party. Before the Communist Party came in, we were actually fighting against the National Republic of China. We had defeated them. The Chinese, the communists, they’re like, “Hey, let’s align together to fight against the nationalists.”

And we’re like, no, thank you. our leaders, the initial leaders who died in the plane crash were like, no, thank you. The other one due to Soviet pressure, were forced to signed up by their treaty, which ultimately brought us to this day to being wiped out. Even before that, like before the Republic of China even the Chinese imperial dynasties, they always wanted to occupy East Turkistan. In fact, our issue why China said it’s a part of China since the ancient time is because during the Han dynasty nearly two thousand years ago, over two thousand years ago, to control the Silk Road, the ancient Silk Road, because much like today, the ancient Silk Road is what is most connecting China to the Central Asia and to the Middle East and ultimately to Europe.

And so the Han dynasty, they sent ten military expeditions to try to take over East Turkistan and failed, except only they were able to briefly occupy the area. China like the U-9 area which actually has been incorporated into China out of the East Turkistan for about seven decades. So using that because they were able to briefly occupy this for seven decades, 2,000 years ago, China’s claim that East Turkistan is part of China since ancient times. If you don’t be like seeing it, if Greek, for example, Alexander the Great, he’s Greek Macedonian. It’s like saying the Greeks are claiming Afghanistan, parts of northern India and Iran as part of Greece since ancient times. If we’re going to go that way, or even the Romans, they ruled Egypt for over 600 years. But you don’t see Italy coming out and saying that Egypt used to be a part of Rome, of Italy since ancient times.

So for us, there’s only two solutions. There’s only one solution for us. But getting back to your question, to when will the colonization end, what about the genocide and the concentration camps. It’ll end when they have either achieved their ultimate goal of wiping us out and colonizing, fully colonizing East Turkistan to where we are actually a minority like Native Americans or others to where we won’t have posed a threat. There won’t be a threat even if we push for independence. But if you have one percent of the population and you try to push for independence, no one one’s going to take that seriously. It’ll be like, whatever – have your little reservation and go dancing to your music type of thing.

And the other solution, which is a solution that we desire, we will never give up on this independence. That’s when we can truly end this. After that, we can reconcile with them. We can recompile the meeting they remain in China, we remain in East Turkistan. We improve diplomatic relations just the way Israel through diplomatic relations with Germany on the basis that Germany accepted that like under the Nazis committed a genocide and paid reparations.

Jacobsen: Prime Minister, I’m just being mindful of time. So, I like to ask you one last question. Any thoughts or feelings in conclusion based on the conversation today?

Hudayar: Yes. Firstly, I want to thank you for taking the time to do this in-depth interview. I think if we had more in-depth interviews like this, I think the world would be able to understand what was really going on. The issue of East Turkistan, it’s not just a human rights issue. We have to look at the roots of the problem. Why is this genocide happening? Why are these people being sent to a concentration camp? Why are they being used as forced labor? Why are they being sterilized? Why are they trying to colonize? We have to look at the root of the problem. The root is that we were an independent nation that was invaded militarily and occupied. That’s an illegal invasion. We didn’t provoke China to do anything. We were minding our own business. They just came in and took over our country. It’s colonialism in the 21st century.

China is trying to colonize our country to achieve its geopolitical agenda, achieving its Chinese dream. this is something that the world needs to understand if they really want to help address our issue. The U.N., for example, has a declaration on granting independence to colonized people’s, countries and peoples. We still uphold that. Because we through that, we can get our independence through international law. Under international law, under that declaration, we have the right to independence. This is something no one can deny. Ultimately to seek a solution to this problem, people need to know why this problem is happening. Because if we don’t know why it’s happening. If we just think that, “Oh, there’s just locking up.” We go into concentration camps, starting in 2016 or 2017. We don’t look at the historical aspects. We’re not going to achieve any meaningful resolution to this problem.

Jacobsen: Thank you very much for your time today. I appreciate it.

Hudayar: Thank you so much. You have a wonderful day.

Jacobsen: Take care. You too. Bye-bye.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Prime Minister, East Turkistan (Government-in-Exile); Founder, East Turkistan National Awakening Movement (ETNAM).

[2] Individual Publication Date: August 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-7; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights and In-Depth Interviews: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (7) [Online]. August 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-7.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, August 22). Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights and In-Depth Interviews: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (7). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-7.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights and In-Depth Interviews: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (7). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, August. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-7>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights and In-Depth Interviews: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (7).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-7.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights and In-Depth Interviews: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (7).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (August 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-7.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights and In-Depth Interviews: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (7)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-7>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights and In-Depth Interviews: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (7)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-7.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights and In-Depth Interviews: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (7).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): August. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-7>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights and In-Depth Interviews: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (7) [Internet]. (2021, August 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-7.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links June be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and June disseminate for their independent purposes.

The Powerlessness of a Secular State to Protect Secularism

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Author: Isakwisa Amanyisye Lucas Mwakalonge

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: August 20, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,466

Keywords: Constitution, Dar es Salaam, East Africa, Isakwisa Amanyisye Lucas Mwakalonge, religion, Tanzania, United Republic of Tanzania.

The Powerlessness of a Secular State to Protect Secularism

Isakwisa Amanyisye Lucas Mwakalonge[1],[2]*

Dar es salaam, Tanzania – East Africa.

Currently it came into view as if the United Republic of Tanzania is facing a constitutional dilemma, since some of the state organs specifically the executive and the parliament are developing a habit of neglecting the constitutional fact that Tanzania is a secular state. That being the case then it is expected that all three branches of the state (the executive, parliament and the judiciary) are also required to operate in a secular way when performing their everyday duties.

However, this is not the reality, the opposite is true, because some branches of the state carry out their day after day responsibilities while diverting from the constitutional philosophy of separation of religion from the state. In various occasions the executive and the parliament fails to separate themselves from religious influences. For example when a new president is sworn in Christian priests and Muslim sheikhs are invited to the occasion so as to conducts religious prayers to the ceremony, why this? this habit must stop at once, because the state is secular, hence religious affairs are not to be encouraged here, even though the person who is being sworn in or affirm may be affiliated to a certain religion, that is fine but this is to be left as an individual matter rather than making it obligatory for the Islam and Christian leaders only be invited to conduct religious prayers to their sky god in official government ceremonies, and if it is indispensable to avoid them then members of other beliefs and faith including the Traditional African Religions, Secular humanists, Freethinkers ,Jews, Hindus are also to be invited to give their words, instead of discriminating them…because Tanzania is neither Christian state nor an Islamic republic, it is a secular state which allows a liberty of choice in matters of belief to be a private affair to each citizen while all state affairs are supposed to be left operating in a secular way, but so surprising Muslims and Christians are left to dominate in all state affairs…this habit is very unbecoming, and if the reason is that they are large in number, then why African traditional religions are not given the chance? Because in terms of percentages Christians, Muslims and African traditional religions in Tanzania their percentages ranges thirty percent per each of them. Article 13(5) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977 provide the right of equality before the law and it prohibit discrimination of all kinds including discrimination basing on religious affiliations, therefore it is very astonishing why only Muslims and Christians are the ones be given priorities at the expenses of violating Constitutional philosophy of separation of religion from state affairs?

A further Constitutional controversy by the executive branch do arises on the national anthem. The national anthem contains some verses which says God bless Tanzania, God bless Africa…These words are somehow contradicting the Constitution, because the constitution declares that Tanzania is a secular state, though some individuals may be members of various religious affiliations of their choice, while some are non-believers, secular humanists as well as freethinkers, one may be asking himself or herself that ….do secular state…the state as an institution believe in existence of god? Does secular state have faith in the existence of god residing somewhere the way religious people believes? If the answer is affirmative, then which god? Is it a Christian god? Jehovah or a Muslim god Allah or an African tradition religion god(s) who differ from one society to another or Shinto god, or Taoists god or Buddha’s god or Hindu’s god or Jewish god? In fact, this national anthem raises much confusion about which god is asked in the national anthem to bless Africa and Tanzania? This is a Constitutional crisis, and such dilemma was at once addressed by the former president of Tanzania Julius K. Nyerere in one of his official speech. To paraphrase his words Nyerere said that… “I am so baffled …how comes a secular state has the national anthem which says God bless Tanzania. God bless Africa? I don’t know how this happened.” These are baffling words out of the mouth of a former head of state questioning himself how comes a secular state has a national anthem which glorifies god? Indeed, it is a constitutional dilemma.

All over again the incapability of a secular state to protect Secularism is manifesting itself through the parliament in parliamentary sessions (The National Assembly). It is a habit nowadays, each day before the parliamentary session commences in the national assembly (in the house) …the assembly begins with a prayer to God, normally the prayer session is led by the speaker of the National Assembly. During the prayer … Words like Ooh God the all might bless our parliament, bless our nation, and protect our nation from enemies… are being uttered, and then the prayer ends by members of the parliament screaming amen. Actually this is a typical religious influence. Why the National Assembly as a state organ vested with a duty of making laws of the nation, including the laws which turned Tanzania to be a secular state, yet the same organ is in front line to conduct a prayer to god session in the parliament, while constitutionally the parliament is supposed to be operating in a secular manner, because it is a branch of a secular state. This is very astonishing. it is wise if issues of prayers to god are to be left to each individual member of parliament alone, and it is to be done at each person privately instead of forcing them to shout amen every day while in the house as if they are in a certain religious temple in a religious republic somewhere in the middle east or India.

The Judiciary: The Judiciary is one of the state organs that is vested with judicial powers in the United Republic of Tanzania, this is according to Article 4(2) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977. While article 107A (1) of the same Constitution provides that “The Judiciary shall be the authority with final decision in dispensation of justice in the United Republic of Tanzania”. As one of the three branches of the state in Tanzania the Judiciary is vested with duties of providing justice, ensure compliance with the laws, settling disputes between people and companies, protect the right of the citizens and solving constitutional disputes, article 107A (2) a, b, c, d, e, of the Constitution do illustrate so. While Article 107B of the Constitution provides that “In exercising the powers of dispensing justice, all courts shall have freedom and shall be required only to observe the provisions of the Constitution and those of the laws of the land.” In The united Republic of Tanzania, the judiciary composes the Court of Appeal, the High Court of the United Republic of Tanzania, the special constitutional Court of the United Republic of Tanzania, and the Lower courts subordinate to the High Court. The officials in the judiciary system include the court assessors, court clerks, judges, state attorneys who conduct state prosecutions, advocates and magistrates. The Judiciary is headed by the Chief Justice. Practice indicates that judiciary is the only remaining state organ which still maintains the philosophy of separation of state affairs from religious influence. The judiciary perform its duties absolutely in a secular manner, except only when a person is invited to appear before the Court as a witness, hence when such person is in a witness box, then he or she is supposed to take oath by either swearing in if is a Christian or affirm if a person concerned is a muslin, whilst a non-religious mode of swearing is also there for non-believers. Judiciary as an institution in the state do consider matters of belief in god and religion as a private affair to each individual, be it the employees of the judiciary or those who comes before courts of law as witnesses… they are not forced by the judges to conduct a prayer to god before court sessions commences or forcing those in courts to shout amen. Judges do not conduct, command or lead prayers to god in either open Courts or courts conducted in chambers, Court sessions are conducted perfectly in a secular approach, the mode in which the Constitution entail.

To bring the point home, the United Republic of Tanzania is gradually becoming powerless in protecting, preserving and observing the Constitutional philosophy of separation of religion and state. The constitutional philosophy requires that all state affairs to be conducted in a secular way, while religious stimuli are to be left to individuals as their private affairs, but so surprising religious influence is nowadays dominating some state organs daily businesses, this is a Constitutional dilemma which need to be resolved immediately.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Lucas Is Assistant Editor African Freethinker/ in-sightjournal.com (Tanzania), a Lawyer, an Advocate of the High Court of Tanzania, a Notary Public and Commissioner for Oaths, Member of the Bar Association of Tanzania main land, also a Freethinker activist in Tanzania(E-mail: isamwaka01@gmail.com.)

 [2] Individual Publication Date: August 20, 2021: https://insightjournalonline.wordpress.com/2021/08/20/the-powerlessness-of-a-secular-state-to-protect-secularism.

*Contacts are: Email: isamwaka 01@gmail.com. Mobile Phone +225 754326296. WhatsApp +255 629204106

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Article 19(1) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977 is a Legal Opportunity to Freethinkers in the Nation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Author: Isakwisa Amanyisye Lucas Mwakalonge

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: August 16, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,140

Keywords: Constitution, Dar es Salaam, East Africa, Isakwisa Amanyisye Lucas Mwakalonge, Tanzania.

Article 19(1) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977 is a Legal Opportunity to Freethinkers in the Nation

Isakwisa Amanyisye Lucas Mwakalonge[1],[2]*

Dar es salaam, Tanzania – East Africa.

Freethinkers in Tanzania are small in percentage, yet their rights as human beings are provided, guaranteed and protected by the supreme law of the land which is the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977 specifically in article 19(1), whereby the article provides that…Every person has the right to the freedom of conscience, faith and choice in matters of religion, including the freedom to change his religion or faith.

This implies that every person in the United Republic of Tanzania is free to make a choice in what to believe and what not to believe essentially in matters of religion, and faith. A quotation below has a clear explanation of what the mentioned article does intend to portray. Freedom of religion and conscience this right means that no person should be required to profess any religion or other belief against his or her desire. Additionally, no one should be punished or penalized in any way because he or she chooses one religion over another or indeed opts for no religion at all”[3]

Therefore article 19(1) is the foundation that makes Tanzanian freethinkers, atheists, non-believers and secular humanists have an opportunity of enjoying their right of non-believing. In fact, it is a legal chance for Tanzanian Freethinkers (non-believers) to make use of such constitutional avenues in order to push forward their activism and the movement in general national wide. The viewpoint of article 19(1) is also reflected in article 3(1) of the Constitution which among other things the article expresses that the United Republic of Tanzania is democratic, and a secular state. Hence forth secular humanists and freethinkers in Tanzania are free to use this opportunity which is enshrined under article 19(1). On the other hand in case any constitutional right is violated, then such right can be claimed and enforced by instituting proceedings for redress in the High Court of Tanzania, this is provided under article 30(3) of the Constitution. Therefore Secular humanists as well as freethinkers of Tanzania are urged to use this right of freedom of conscience and a right of choice on what to believe particularly in terms of faith or even a right of not believing in anything, because it is a Constitutional right. For that reason freethinkers may well undergo their activism peacefully and respectfully while observing article 19(1).

The essence of article 19(1) is entrenched in safeguarding the so called Individual Rights. Individual rights are natural rights that all human beings are born with and they cannot be taken away by the government but the government’s duty is only to protect them. These individual rights do include the right to life, right to equality, freedom of speech, and expression, freedom of association, freedom of religion and conscience, together with freedom of assembly.

However such right of freedom of religion and conscience as individual right may be violated either by some parents who denies their families a right to decide on what to believe or not to believe in matters of what to trust either religion or not to trust in any religion, much of the parents do emphasis that their religions is the one to be adopted by their families. While in some places the public will not tolerate existence of people who do not believe their religions hence may disturb those non-believers. On the other hand in Tanzania the individual rights like freedom of religion and conscience can be protected as follows: First it is through the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, as well as the Courts of law. Individual rights are enshrined in the constitution and Courts of law are empowered by the constitution under article 30(3) to protect human rights. Second it is through the Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance, which is established by article 129(1) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977. While the law governing the operationalization of that commission, it is the Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance Act, Cap 391, Revised Edition of 2009. Where among other functions it empowers the Commission for Human Rights in Tanzania to promote, protect and preserve human rights in the nation. That mentioned function of the Commission is expressly noticeable in section 6(1) (a) of the Act, and the section provides that …the commission shall carry out the following functions (a) to promote within the country the protection and the preservation of human rights and of duties to the society in accordance with the constitution and the laws of the land’’

Third it is through the press. Free media is in a good position to play a big role on informing the public concerning violations of individual rights such as freedom of religion and conscience, hence the presence of much informed people in the community about violations of individual rights then the cry becomes a general outcry, this may force the authorities to take some measures so as to stop the violations. Fourth it is through adhering to the principles of rule of law, this viewpoint insists on equality before the law, that every member of the community is to be left free to enjoy rights that are guaranteed by the law and the Constitution such as a right of freedom of being left free to choose one religion over another or indeed being left free to opt for no religion at all. Therefore obedience of rule of law is the best methodology of protecting human rights including the rights of minority groups. Fifth it is through providing Civic education to the public, civic education does teach and educate citizens about their basic rights as a human being and their obligations to the nation as responsible citizens.[3]

Conclusively, freethinkers in Tanzania are urged to exploit this right under Article 19(1) as a constitutional and legal right in order to push their activism countrywide since it is a legal opportunity that may not be enjoyed in some other parts of the world. However such right is not absolute, it has to be enjoyed subject to obedience of other laws which regulate the modus operandi of enjoying such right. For instance article 30(1) of the Constitution among other things it maintains that human rights and freedom which is enshrined in the constitution should not be enjoyed by a person to the extent of causing interference to freedom of other persons or interfere public interest, while article 30(2)a, of the Constitution provides that while enjoying the rights from article 19(1) then there must be an ensuring measures that…the rights and freedoms of other people or of the interests of the public are not prejudiced by the wrongful exercise of the freedoms and rights of individuals.

Thus article 30(1), and (2) a, of the Constitution provides some limitations of enjoying those rights enshrined in article 19(1) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Books

Ministry of Education. Civics Syllabus for Secondary Schools Forms I – IV: Dar Es Salaam: Ministry of Education, United Republic of Tanzania, 1995.

Tanzania Institute of Education. Civics Manual for Secondary Teachers and College Tutors: Dares salaam: TIE, 2002.

Laws

The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977

The Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance Act Cap 391, Revised Edition of 2009.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Lucas Is Assistant Editor African Freethinker/ in-sightjournal.com (Tanzania), a Lawyer, an Advocate of the High Court of Tanzania, a Notary Public and Commissioner for Oaths, Member of the Bar Association of Tanzania main land, also a Freethinker activist in Tanzania. (E-mail: isamwaka01@gmail.com.)

 [2] Individual Publication Date: August 16, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/2021/08/16/article-191-of-the-constitution-of-the-united-republic-of-tanzania-1977-is-a-legal-opportunity-to-freethinkers-in-the-nation/.

*Contacts are: Email: isamwaka 01@gmail.com. Mobile Phone +225 754326296. WhatsApp +255 629204106

[3] Civics Manual For Secondary Teachers and College Tutors (Dar es salaam: Tanzania Institute of Education, 2002),9.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Free of Charge 9 – All Things Ethical

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.E, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: August 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,924

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Dr. Herb Silverman is the Founder of the Secular Coalition for America, the Founder of the Secular Humanists of the Lowcountry, and the Founder of the Atheist/Humanist Alliance student group at the College of Charleston. He authored Complex variables (1975), Candidate Without a Prayer: An Autobiography of a Jewish Atheist in the Bible Belt (2012) and An Atheist Stranger in a Strange Religious Land: Selected Writings from the Bible Belt (2017). He co-authored The Fundamentals of Extremism: The Christian Right in America (2003) with Kimberley Blaker and Edward S. Buckner, Complex Variables with Applications (2007) with Saminathan Ponnusamy, and Short Reflections on Secularism (2019), Short Reflections on American Secularism’s History and Philosophy (2020), and Short Reflections on Age and Youth (2020). He discusses: current existential risks; the humanist orientation on life; pragmatic side of the humanist ethos; a complete rejection of the existence of gods; no regard for the tenets of Christianity; understanding human behaviour; the existential risks to the American republic; the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the American educational curricula; make American education more humanistic; Republicans working to restrict African Americans from full voting rights and privileges; and a refined universalist morality.

Keywords: America, Christianity, ethics, Golden Rule, Herb Silverman, Humanism, morality.

Free of Charge 9 – All Things Ethical

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: You made some great points about all religions, as an argument posed for the Golden Rule, having the same fundamental moral theoretic structure. They have the Golden Rule; therefore, they have the same moral philosophical base. Similarly, you stated, “And a version of this can also be found in almost every ethical tradition, with no gods necessary.” In other words, the Golden Rule exists pervasively and human beings use it, and build systems of moral philosophy on it. It can become tricky, as when the definition of the in-group leads to the Golden Rule only applying to one’s narrow ethnic and/or religious group. What can be the application of a humanist ethical orientation on the Golden Rule on current existential risks, globally? In short, how is humanist ethics, here, universal and universally applicable compared to parochial religious ethics?

Dr. Herb Silverman[1],[2]: The Golden Rule can mean different things to different people. Typically we think of it as treating others as we would like to be treated. Alternatively, it says do not treat others in ways that you would not like to be treated. One problem comes with the definition of “others.” Sometimes it means only how we treat others within a certain religion. A religion might require treating “infidels” with disdain, or worse. Treating others as we want to be treated might also involve trying to convert others to the religion of the believer. Many people don’t want to be treated as some people treat themselves. Universal human ethics has nothing to do with parochial religious beliefs. It requires empathy and reciprocity. We should try to find out how different people would like to be treated and try to treat them that way as long as such treatment doesn’t cause harm to them or to others.

Jacobsen: You described a shorthand of the humanist orientation on life. Also, as a side comment, you mentioned a progressive philosophy of life without a laundry list. Is a “laundry list” a bad idea? Simply for the fact, for any example or limited rule, you can find a counterexample to the example or the rule, because life is complex and, often, superficially contradictory. 

Silverman: A laundry list is not necessarily a bad idea, depending on what we mean by such a list. Regarding humanism, we say that knowledge of the world is derived by observation, experimentation, and rational analysis; that humans are an integral part of nature, the result of unguided evolutionary change; that humans are social by nature and find meaning in relationships; that working to benefit society maximizes individual happiness; that we are guided by reason and inspired by compassion, and so on. If this is a laundry list, so be it. On the other hand, we assert that ethical values are derived from human need and interest as tested by experience. This means we continually learn new ways to improve humanism.

Jacobsen: What about individuals who say, “I don’t care,” as in they do not care about others or appear unable to feel compassion? Where do these individuals fit into the pragmatic side of the humanist ethos?

Silverman: We can try to describe how showing compassion toward others can make you feel better about yourself. Failing to succeed, pragmatically we should try to keep such people (perhaps some of them psychopaths) from hurting others.

Jacobsen: Why can’t some individuals stomach a complete rejection of the existence of gods? What reasons have come forward for you?

Silverman: I’m sometimes asked how I can go on living without a belief in God. Such people often believe that the purpose of this life is to prepare for an afterlife. They see no other purpose for human life. Such god belief might be how they overcome their fear of death. There may be no purpose OF life, but humans can and should find many purposes IN life. We have only one life to live, and we should make the best of it.

Jacobsen: Individuals in the United States, White Christian Nationalists, want, in their dying demographic gasp, a complete control of the American republic without regard, or much, for freethinkers and other non-Christian religious Americans. Why? 

Silverman: It’s even stranger. Many White Christian Nationalists in the United States seem to have no regard for the tenets of Christianity. They appear to be worshiping Donald Trump, rather than Jesus. They applauded attacks by Trump on non-white immigrants, African-Americans, women, gun control, science, climate change, and other social justice issues. They seem mostly engaged with anti-abortion, about which Jesus said nothing. They hearken to the days of white privilege when they could discriminate against those of a different race and those who had non-Christian religious beliefs or no religious beliefs. They would like to turn America into their version of a Christian nation, not the secular nation we are. The good news is that many Americans are turning away from their fundamentalist religion, especially younger people, because of political stances that White Christian Nationalists have taken on. They include issues like women’s rights, abortion, immigration, LGBTQ, and other social justice issues, not to mention pedophilia. Some former or present Christians now believe that our humanist positions are more consistent with the message of Jesus than with the message of White Christian Nationalists.

Jacobsen: Furthermore, in that light, why do, indeed, ideas matter, fundamentally, to understanding human behaviour? As the brain is not a black box, but consciousness or an individual mind can appear as if a black box – so probably is, we can only peer at the outward behaviours and the descriptions of inner experience described by an individual. 

Silverman: Human behavior is often irrational, so understanding it is not easy. It might be based on false rumors (think QAnon) or on wishful thinking (think religion). To understand an individual’s behavior, we should communicate with that individual and learn what motivated the behavior. Even then, the individual might lie or make something up. For instance, parents can say how much they love their children, yet beat them and not mind that the child is suffering. To understand present behavior, it helps to know the past history of the individual.

Jacobsen: What are the existential risks to the American republic now? How are these existential risks for global society, given declining American semi-hegemony?

Silverman: The greatest existential risk to the American republic is also the greatest existential risk to the global society—climate change caused by humans and the need to address this danger. Fortunately nations are listening to the dire scientific predictions and coming together to cooperate with the United Nations on landmarks like the Paris Agreement and the Climate Action Summit. A national risk to Americans was the attack on our democracy on January 6, with the storming of the Capitol building by Trump supporters. Those riots for the first time made me worry about what we need to do to keep our democracy. Another serious concern is that America sometimes supports authoritarian leaders for economic gain instead of pushing for human rights.

Jacobsen: In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, you mentioned an important and oft-overlooked part – skimmed: “nationality, place of residence, gender, national or ethnic origin, colour, or religion.” If looking to a possibly more humanist future, would you add anything into it, in spite of its strengths?

Silverman: We should take all these into account for human rights. When I spoke of “gender,” I didn’t know all the implications. I would include transgender, but hadn’t before heard of gender fluid, bi-gender, and other terminology. Of course, regardless of a person’s pronoun, we should treat everyone with respect.

Jacobsen: What has been excluded from the American educational curricula? Those courses necessary for a more educated populace and necessary for a functioning democracy. 

Silverman: I think too much time is spent trying to instill symbolic patriotism, and not enough time spent talking about some of our faults. This is incorporated in what is called “critical race theory,” which does not denigrate whites but talks about what privileges we have had over the years, and what we might do now to help those who weren’t born with such privileges. People should better understand our real history, including the meaning of our godless Constitution. We should teach people how to think, not what to think. I would like to see critical thinking become part of our national curriculum, including a mandatory course on logic.

Jacobsen: What would make American education more humanistic? I read complaints about vouchers, private religious school financial and other privileges, and discrimination in hiring against atheists and others in America, as examples of issues on some fault lines. It’s unfortunate. 

Silverman: Unfortunately, some private religious schools don’t have to teach topics that every educated person should know, like the theory of evolution. Some of these schools rely on indoctrination rather than education. Conservative Christians are influencing many school districts by introducing legislation to bring back school-sponsored prayers and demand that sex education classes in public schools teach “abstinence only,” instead of preparing teens to avoid pregnancy and disease. Some religious schools often incorrectly get to use some of our public tax dollars to support them through vouchers and other ways.

I like what one of our founders, Ben Franklin, said: “When a religion is good, I conceive that it will support itself; and, when it cannot support itself, and God does not take care to support it, so that its professors are obliged to call for help of the Civil Power, it is a sign, I apprehend, of its being a bad one.

Jacobsen: The natural question: Why are Republicans working to restrict African Americans from full voting rights and privileges (e.g., easier, reasonable access)?

Silverman: This is an easy question to answer. Most African-Americans vote for candidates from the Democratic party. Of course, the right thing to do would be to make it easy for them to vote their conscience. Unfortunately, Republican politicians these days rarely seem to do the right thing. Their only interest seems to be to get elected and re-elected.

Jacobsen: If we can learn to become more accurate in ethical decisions through an approximation of objective morality through a refined universalist morality, is ethical truth, or are morally correct choices, a natural feature of the natural world if evolved critters are roaming around in it, whether or not they have the mental capacity to know and decide at a sufficiently advanced level? In short, are universalist (approximating objective) ethical truths a derivative feature of universes with evolved or engineered minds? That is, if no beings in a universe, then no ethics in a universe; if beings, then inevitably ethics. 

Silverman: Many people used to equate the Bible with objective morality, but not so much anymore. Throughout history, the Bible has been quoted to justify slavery, second-class status for women, anti-Semitism, executing blasphemers and homosexuals, and burning witches and heretics. Some actions deemed moral 2000 years ago are considered immoral today. Morality evolves over time as our understanding of human needs within a culture changes. Even those who believe in biblical inerrancy interpret some passages in a different way today than in centuries past, in a manner more consistent with many humanist principles. We make judgments about which portions of a sacred text to take literally, which to take metaphorically, and which to ignore completely. We may never reach what we consider objective morality, but we are a lot closer to it than in past centuries.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Dr. Silverman. 

Silverman: Thank you.

Appendix I: Footnotes

 [1] Founder, Secular Coalition for America; Founder, Secular Humanists of the Low Country; Founder, Atheist/Humanist Alliance, College of Charleston.

[2] Individual Publication Date: August 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-9; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Free of Charge 9 – All Things Ethical [Online]. August 2021; 26(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-9.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, August 22). Free of Charge 9 – All Things Ethical. Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-9.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Free of Charge 9 – All Things Ethical. In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.E, August. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-9>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Free of Charge 9 – All Things Ethical.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.E. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-9.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Free of Charge 9 – All Things Ethical.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.E (August 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-9.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Free of Charge 9 – All Things Ethical’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.E. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-9>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Free of Charge 9 – All Things Ethical’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.E., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-9.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Free of Charge 9 – All Things Ethical.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.E (2021): August. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-9>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Free of Charge 9 – All Things Ethical [Internet]. (2021, August 26(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-9.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links September be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and September disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Economic Concerns and Human Rights: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (6)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: August 8, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,007

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

PM Salih Hudayar is the Prime Minister of East Turkistan (Government-in-Exile) and the Founder of the East Turkistan National Awakening Movement. He discusses: concentration camps and labor camps; the U.N. Human Rights Council; and economic concerns trumping human rights concerns.

Keywords: China, Chinese, concentration camps, East Turkistan, East Turkistan National Awakening Movement, human rights, government-in-exile, labor camps, Prime Minister, Salih Hudayar, Uyghurs.

Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Economic Concerns and Human Rights: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (6)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted October 20, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: There’s also violations in terms of labor right, alongside these concentration camps and prisons or labor camps. So, two questions follow from that observation. One, how are these prisons, concentration camps and labor camps being documented? And two, what is the extent of the forced labor in the labor camps?

Salih Hudayar[1],[2]: So as far as the first question, in terms of documentation, as far as like the concentration camps and the prisons and the labor camps, the East Turkistan National Awakening Movement, we were the first organization to really put out actual coordinates of these facilities. Back in 2018, and then again once more in 2019, it’s only recently this past, about last month actually, that BuzzFeed and ASPI reproduced the maps that we created with the coordinates. They said that they discovered four hundred something facilities, such facilities. It’s like the same thing. We put it out in open source. We put it out on our Web site to wherever people can push.

And we tried to get the media to cover it. But most of the media, because we insist that they use the term East Turkistan, at least; we weren’t opposed to them saying some other terms, but we insisted that they, at least, get this right with the Uyghurs calling it East Turkistan. So, there are organizations like the ASPI, other organizations; that are doing the research to look at it as well. As far as like the labor camps and the slave labor, the Chinese government’s own propaganda. Their own ads that they put up online.

We located 600 people work in this industrial facility. So, they’re going to get “job training.” That’s what they call it, “Job training.” But it’s like, “Okay, nice way of saying, ‘We’re going to send them to the forced labor camp.’” Many of these people are not getting any salaries. Many of these people don’t even want to leave their hometowns to work in other places. While, at the same time, they’re being replaced by Chinese settlers. Chinese settlers are being given homes, cash, and even a Uyghur or Turkic wife for the man and 6 to 12 acres of land, while we are being dispossessed and being used as slave labor.

ASPI, there is a lot of research and documented real companies. For example, these facilities, they discovered which company was actually running it and how those companies sold their good to Western companies. For example, they documented over 80 different popular global brands complicit in the use of forced to slave labor. In addition to that, we have videos of thousands of young men and women, hundreds of videos of being boarded up, trains being boarded up. People being bussed out to work. Then you have videos of elderly people and women that are left working in labor, building roads, building ditches, irrigation canals, stuff like that.

You have like a very elderly woman, a grandmother, trying to push a wheelbarrow. The worst, the best is you see the Chinese security forces right next to you, right back in that video.

Jacobsen: Recently, there was a press release put out in response to the appointment or election of China to the U.N. Human Rights Council. What has been the reaction of some of the international community to this? What has been a particular response from you?

Hudayar: So other than the U.S. State Secretary, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, you haven’t really had the international community or governments issuing statements or anything of that sort. You have human rights organizations all expressing their disapproval or condemnation or fear. But that’s just been about it. Few media outlets have reported on it. But other than that, there hasn’t been much opposition.

Jacobsen: Why?

Hudayar: Well, China seems to have used this economic and political influence to get those countries in the U.N. to vote for it. It is corruption and a lot of countries, most of these newspapers, the media, they’re owned by wealthy people at the top level. People who have business interests in China. They don’t want to disrupt those business interests in China by writing, by having published an article about some disapproval of government checks of disapproval of China’s membership to the U.N. But a government, they don’t want to upset China. They still want to continue working with China.

Even though, most of the world knows that China is engaging in a genocide. They feel that, “Oh, what can we do. If we express comments on it, we will lose disrupt our relations with them. We won’t be able to get loans. We won’t be able to get support from China, which is the way that most countries behave because they’re economically intertwined with China.”

Jacobsen: So in this case, is an economic concern trumping human rights concerns for most countries?

Hudayar: Yes. For most countries, it’s about economics. At the end of the day, everything, unfortunately, is about economics. The whole reason why China is engaging in the genocide is about economics. Because if they circle down with just that nothing valuable there, China is not going to waste the time and effort to occupy East Turkistan. hey colonize East Turkistan. We don’t have anything there. They would have left us alone. But we have gold; we have natural gas; we have uranium, even the wind power. We have the wind power from East Turkistan, which is what brings energy to Chinese cities inside China. Also, we’re very strategically located roughly about one fifth of China’s total territory, or what is now known as China.

And they bring nine other different countries where, the cornerstone of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, which is again, has to do with economics. It is achieve China’s global dream of becoming the most powerful economic, military, and political power in the world. We are a hindrance to their dream. That’s why China from its security perspective; it’s carrying out this final solution to prevent us from getting our independence.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Prime Minister, East Turkistan (Government-in-Exile); Founder, East Turkistan National Awakening Movement (ETNAM).

[2] Individual Publication Date: August 8, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-6; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Economic Concerns and Human Rights: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (6) [Online]. August 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-6.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, August 8). Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Economic Concerns and Human Rights: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (6). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-6.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Economic Concerns and Human Rights: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (6). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, August. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-6>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Economic Concerns and Human Rights: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (6).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-6.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Economic Concerns and Human Rights: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (6).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (August 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-6.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Economic Concerns and Human Rights: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (6)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-6>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Economic Concerns and Human Rights: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (6)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-6.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Economic Concerns and Human Rights: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (6).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): August. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-6>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Economic Concerns and Human Rights: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (6) [Internet]. (2021, August 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-6.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links June be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and June disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Colonialism, Terminology, and the Media: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (5)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: August 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,079

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

PM Salih Hudayar is the Prime Minister of East Turkistan (Government-in-Exile) and the Founder of the East Turkistan National Awakening Movement. He discusses: colonialism.

Keywords: China, Chinese, colonialism, East Turkistan, government-in-exile, Prime Minister, Salih Hudayar, Uyghurs.

Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Colonialism, Terminology, and the Media: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (5)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted October 20, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: When we look at some of the historical records of settler colonial societies, in particular some of the European based or enacted settler colonial societies, these include Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Canada and South Africa. These countries have come to work towards some marginal reconciliation, to some extent of reconciliation with the indigenous population. The most prominent people that come to kind of public consciousness would be people like Nelson Mandela. However, there are numerous other individuals who have worked on non-indigenous and indigenous alike towards that form of reconciliation and independence for those peoples, those ethnic and cultural groups who were colonized and then settled in East Turkistan.

This action of the Chinese government is explicitly a colonial effort. So, if the reaction of the international community is strong against historical and current settler colonialism in other societies, in terms of working towards the need towards to work towards reconciliation, why is there not necessarily silence, but a dampened response, towards this form of colonialism ongoing in East Turkistan, occupied East Turkistan?

Salih Hudayar[1],[2]: Many people are one misinformed. Because many people aren’t even aware that we were an independent country or that we were occupied. You still have the media portraying us, as I stated, as Muslims, therefore, making a change in internal affairs issues. You still have what they hear about, the Chinese, they automatically think, “Oh, it’s just a part of China.” They must have this Muslim problem, especially post 9/11. Being Muslim, they had negative complications, including the war on terror. A lot of different governments, including the Muslim governments, used the excuse of counter-terrorism to take out its opponents, some more legitimate. There are legitimate counter terrorism concerns. But others like those being done by China.

It was the much needed excuse that China needed to effectively carry out its final solution, which we are seeing at this point. By portraying us as just a bunch of Islamist terrorists, even though our movement is a national movement, even though it’s largely a secular movement, that doesn’t matter. Because when you have a majority of the population being Muslim, and you have negative perceptions on Muslims across the world, it’s the narrative. In fact, this is another issue. The Chinese prior to 2001 would never refer to Uyghurs as terrorists. Because prior to that, that term wasn’t really known or prominent, let’s say.

However, two weeks before 9/11 happened, China’s puppet the secretary, the Communist Party secretary in East Turkistan. He had a large press conference with international media. He was trying to seek international foreign investment. So, he said, ‘Everything is peaceful here. People get along very happy. There have been no acts of violence.’ Some journalists act upon the actions like other people advocating for East Turkistan. We heard that there was a republic here before. He’s like, ‘Oh, no, no, no, that’s just a few things made up by Western imperialists. There is no East Turkistan. The people here, they’re happy. Everybody’s happy, there’s no resistance of any sort.’

Then 9/11 happened. Then within 48 hours of 9/11 happening, China claimed, president at that time, that China was a victim of East Turkistani terrorism. That China supports the global war on terror. Then in November of 2001, on November 11, the day before Independence Day of November 12, China submitted a document to the UN Security Council stating that since 1990; several thousand East Turkistan terrorist attacks have occurred. They listed various different groups. All of them East Turkistani groups. The majority of them, we don’t even know existed. We’ve never heard of those names. But one of them was the East Turkistan Islamic Movement. This is the first time that it was mentioned. Before that, you can’t find any record of anything.

Whether from China, whether from others referring to the East Turkistan Islamic Movement, China claimed that it was the East Turkistan Islamic Movement. They were pushing for East Turkistan independence and that they were a terrorist organization affiliated with al-Qaida. They began to lobby the U.S., the U.N. to recognize this group as a terrorist organization. Unfortunately, the U.S., the U.N. recognized this group as a terrorist organization in 2002 and 2003, in order to get many people to think that there was a quid pro quo, in order to secure China’s support for the Iraq invasion or the war in Iraq. The way that China portrayed it in our media in East Turkistan at that time. It’s not our media, but in the Chinese media in East Turkistan, at that time, was that the US and the UN declared East Turkistan independence as a terrorist movement.

Because the acronym ETIM, East Turkistan Islamic Movement, also happens to have the same acronym as the broad East Turkistan Independence Movement; there is no organization calling itself the East Turkistan Independence Movement, but it’s a very broad term. Using that, China has been able to put out this narrative. So, there’s two reasons for this. People are informed in the worst about East Turkistan. The media, they continue to spread and to write reports on what’s happening with the human rights abuses that are in a more favorable terms in the Chinese narrative, using the Chinese narrative to write it down. Because at the end of the day, China’s biggest fear is to expand independence.

And in order to prevent that from happening, human rights abuses happen all across the world. Every country in the world, whether it’s the United States or Canada the E.U. or Japan; there will always be human rights issues. This is something that is a reality. In many cases, under international law, it’s like a so-called internal affairs issue. So, China, its biggest fear is East Turkistan as independent. So, in order to prevent that, it’s okay to have some human rights issue backlash, so long as it maintains the control. By using this influence, they have misinformed the world. To this day, that media, most of the media, not all of them, most of the media continues to label us, as, Chinese Muslims or Muslims in China or ethnic minorities almost always exclusively using the Chinese term in the new territory without even giving interpretation or translation of what that term means. So, that’s why many people are uninformed about this. I think that’s why, to get into your question; and I think that’s why we’re seeing this effort.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Prime Minister, East Turkistan (Government-in-Exile); Founder, East Turkistan National Awakening Movement (ETNAM).

[2] Individual Publication Date: August 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-5; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Colonialism, Terminology, and the Media: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (5) [Online]. August 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-5.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, August 1). Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Colonialism, Terminology, and the Media: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (5). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-5.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Colonialism, Terminology, and the Media: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (5). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, August. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-5>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Colonialism, Terminology, and the Media: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (5).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-5.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Colonialism, Terminology, and the Media: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (5).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (August 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-5.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Colonialism, Terminology, and the Media: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (5)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-5>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Colonialism, Terminology, and the Media: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (5)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-5.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Colonialism, Terminology, and the Media: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (5).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): August. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-5>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Colonialism, Terminology, and the Media: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (5) [Internet]. (2021, August 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-5.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links June be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and June disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Government-in-Exile and Instilling Democratic Norms and Processes: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (4)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: July 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,796

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

PM Salih Hudayar is the Prime Minister of East Turkistan (Government-in-Exile) and the Founder of the East Turkistan National Awakening Movement. He discusses: governments in exile and democratic norms.  

Keywords: China, Chinese, democracy, East Turkistan, government-in-exile, Prime Minister, Salih Hudayar, Turks, UN Charter, Uyghurs.

Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Government-in-Exile and Instilling Democratic Norms and Processes: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (4)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted October 20, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: The United Nations recognizes 193 Member States in the world today. In regards to your election as the prime minister, the formal title includes a “Government-in-Exile.” For those who don’t know, what does it mean in regards to a government when it is in “exile”? And why this is important for the historical and ongoing contexts for East Turkistan?

Salih Hudayar[1],[2]: So, the government in exile is essentially a government which claims sovereignty over a territory and it has been forced into exile. It doesn’t see whatever is the current government there, as the legitimate government. It seeks to represent that specific country or a region as its own as the representatives. In our case in December 22nd, 1949, our former country, East Turkistan, formerly known as the East Turkistan Republic, was overthrown. This is not something that we voluntarily gave away, our independence, or voluntarily agreed to be a part of China. Because if you look at Chinese government documents from 1949 to 1954, they killed, according to Chinese state media, 150,000 enemies of China. So, obviously, our people resisted this.

To this day, we have continued to resist Chinese occupation of our country. Some of our leaders were able to escape into the Soviet Union and just general political pressures from the Soviets. They weren’t able to create an actual exile government. They were able to create a national committee, but they weren’t able to create a government in exile. Others fled into Turkey. Even there, because of political pressure, we weren’t able to engage in political advocacy. We were just there. You can’t engage in any political advocacy. You should be happy that we were here very much like that. It’s only after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 that we regained our hope for independence.

Not that we have never lost hope of it, it continues. We struggled for it. There are numerous historical uprisings over the past seventy years. The last armed uprising was in 1990, in April 1990 in which we had several hundred people take up arms to advocate and struggle for East Turkistan in the present. The only reason they took arms was because in that town, 200 women forcibly have their babies aborted. I saw our people tried to go to the local government buildings and shortlist grievances. So, seeing what happened in Afghanistan, a guy who was only 27 at that time, 26 years old.

He was inspired by what happened in Afghanistan. He said if he was trying to buy time. He said like if we were able to resist; maybe, we’ll get support from the international community. Maybe, they will help us. Unfortunately, the world didn’t even hear about this massive uprising until months later after the Chinese government arrested over 7,000 people in connection to this. But with the independence of the Central Asian countries, we had to advocate for our independence more openly because from 1960s up until really late, until 1990, everything had been underground. Because the Chinese, they executed a lot of leaders. In prison a lot of people, and so everything was just underground, everyone’s like, “Hey, we should do something.”

But we weren’t able to do anything because there was no real external support. But starting in the 1990s, our people started to go out of Central Asia and into Europe and out of Turkey, into Europe and into the United States. In 2004, September 14, 2004, that is when the pre-existing East Turkistan organizations like East Turkistan National Congress, East Turkistan Freedom Center and the East Turkistan revolutionary branch, the East Turkistan Committee, all these different leaders of the different East Turkistan organizations came together here in Washington, D.C. to declare the East Turkistan government in exile. Since then, we have been based in D.C. I got involved in early 2019, in April, not seeing my success raising awareness and getting the US Congress and others to move on the East Turkistan issue.

The government in exile, they reached out to me and said, “Hey, we’d like you in November 2018,” when they initially reached out to me. At that time, I politely declined because I didn’t want to be; I just wanted to be responsible for other things. Because I was able to get a lot of popular support within our own community, our diaspora getting a petition of 100,000 signatures. On a petition, it might not be a big deal for people in the way. For the rest of the world, it might not be a big deal. But for us, that’s something very difficult to do. To get a 108,000 of our people to agree on one thing and say, “Hey, I want to. I agree with this.” It is very different and it’s very difficult. Because in our diaspora, we number at maximum about a million.

And in the Central Asian countries, advocacy on East Turkistan is prohibited even in Turkey advocacy. Turkistan is limited. So, not only giving us the limited external Western diaspora community to really focus on our issue. Our petition to the White House got over a hundred and eight thousand signatures in more than one month. The only reason I made this petition was that there was a previous petition made by a different organization, human rights organization. They used the Chinese terminology for our country. They just call us human rights abusers. They referred to our people as an ethnic minority, which we are not. We don’t see ourselves as minority because we are still the majority in East Turkistan. They just asked the U.S. government to just condemn the human rights abusers.

And it came to my attention and I was being asked by our people, “Should we sign this?” And I said, “No. Because if we sign this, China’s going to use this.” Let’s say it gets 100,000 signatures and it gets into the White House. China is going to use that to go down our face and we’d be like, “It’s just a few a bunch of people that they don’t want, East Turkistan.” The leaders are happy and China. Yes, there’s a little bit human rights problems, but we can work with that. We have accepted that we were the moral minority. We would have accepted the Chinese colonial term for our country, which means we would have accepted Chinese rule. And we have absolutely have not accepted historically. But I said, “No, we need to – let me put out a different petition.”

So, I filed a petition, condemning China’s 21st century Holocaust in occupied East Turkistan. I have the same thing we’ve been pushing for sanctions on Chinese officials on the Magnitsky Act and passed the Uyghur Act, to recognize the genocide in East Turkistan. Despite the other pre-existing organization, the human rights organization is a large human rights organization. In spite of them pushing against this petition, accusing me of being a suffragist, accusing me of dividing our community, etc., at the end, our people, I told them, “You are human rights activists. How are you going to get it? How are you going to get human rights? If you don’t have a country, if you don’t have a government, if you don’t have a chance to elect your own people, how are you going to get that human right?”

Yes, there are some human rights, written on a piece of paper. Just like under Chinese law, we have human rights. Under Chinese law, we have autonomy on a piece of paper. But you need your own independence to achieve that. I made a video message with tens of thousands of views and people all across the world are in our community. They’re like, “What?” Let’s sign on their petition. So, 108,000 versus 12,700 on the WC petition. So, you get a lot more respect and support. You wonder. If I ask people to do something in our community… which I did, I said, “We need to organize demonstrations in your own country.”

Your governments, parliaments, etc., you need to engage in grassroots activism. We can’t just rely on a few organizations here and there to do it. We need to use the correct terminology. We need to emphasize that this is what our people want. By now, a majority of our population in the diaspora – I would say – prior to me coming out and creating some of this. There was about 60% or 70% who advocated, who wanted independence. But now, it’s over 95%. In fact, right now, it has gotten to the point where if you’re in the community, people ask, “Do you want independence?” You can’t even answer, “No.” Because in our community’s perception, if you answer, “No,” then there’s a problem. There’s a problem with you. Unfortunately, this is the way it has to be.

So, seeing that the government in exile wanted me to represent them because I was appearing at important events, I think the university is talking about our issue meeting with members of Congress and raising our issue, meeting with the State Department and raising our issue. So, they asked me to represent them as their ambassador to the U.S., which I didn’t accept until April of 2019. Then the government in exile, though it was created in the US and based in Washington, the leadership was still in Turkey and they were heavily under Turkey’s influence. They would make a lot of anti-Semitic and anti-Western statements. That’s because Turkey’s pressure has influenced and has been on a leash.

So I began to push back against that within our own government and then, ultimately, a parliament had to choose sides. Then I also said, “We need to get these people in the grassroots. We need to get grassroots elections done.” I tried to push for grassroots elections and tried to get them to allow to change the constitution, which would allow the people to directly vote for the president, the prime minister, and so forth. But I wasn’t able to do that. Before it was only three representatives. They can only vote three representatives in each nation. But I said, “No.” We need to do it to where they can elect ten and then have those ten decide amongst themselves and narrow it down to three.

Because we need to be democratic. We need to run it in a more democratic fashion. We have to teach our people democratic process, because I genuinely believe that we will regain our independence much closer than many people think. We have to be prepared for that. In order to be prepared for that, we have to focus on democratizing the various institutions that we have here in exile.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Prime Minister, East Turkistan (Government-in-Exile); Founder, East Turkistan National Awakening Movement (ETNAM).

[2] Individual Publication Date: July 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-4; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Government-in-Exile and Instilling Democratic Norms and Processes: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (4) [Online]. July 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-4.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, July 22). Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Government-in-Exile and Instilling Democratic Norms and Processes: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (4). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-4.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Government-in-Exile and Instilling Democratic Norms and Processes: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (4). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, July. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-4>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Government-in-Exile and Instilling Democratic Norms and Processes: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-4.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Government-in-Exile and Instilling Democratic Norms and Processes: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (July 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-4.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Government-in-Exile and Instilling Democratic Norms and Processes: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-4>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Government-in-Exile and Instilling Democratic Norms and Processes: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-4.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Government-in-Exile and Instilling Democratic Norms and Processes: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): July. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-4>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Government-in-Exile and Instilling Democratic Norms and Processes: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (4) [Internet]. (2021, July 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-4.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links June be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and June disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Alisha Graves on Girls’ Education and Rights, and the Global Education Summit: Co-Founder, OASIS Initiative

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: July 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,775

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Alisha Graves, MPH is the Co-Founder of the OASIS Initiative. She discusses: the Sahel region; the Global Education Summit; the organizations that are getting involved; girls who lose out on the access to education earlier in life; the keynote speakers; high levels of population growth typically associated with lower rights for women and girls; fundamentalist religion; freedom of choice at all levels of life; and Oasis.

Keywords: Alisha Graves, education, girls, Global Education Summit, National Institutes of Health, OASIS Initiative.

Conversation with Alisha Graves on Girls’ Education and Rights, and the Global Education Summit: Co-Founder, OASIS Initiative

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted July 21, 2021.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: So, today, we are here with Alisha Graves. We are talking about the Global Education Summit. In particular, it is focusing on girls’ education and family planning in the Sahel region. Its growth rate is among the highest in the world. This comes from a number of factors. However, with these societies that are in this region and this growth rate, what are the risk factors for girls not getting proper education? And what are the indicators of girls having that access to education? Noting, of course, that this is fundamentally a human right for all children, including girls.

Alisha Graves[1],[2]: Ok, so, related to risk factors for not staying in school, there are many. We started our work with a grant from the NIH, the National Institutes of Health here in the US to look at maternal mortality and morbidity. So, women dying from pregnancy and childbirth in northern Nigeria, which has one of the highest rates of maternal death in the world. Actually, through the really careful, ethical, logical work of a colleague of mine, Daniel Perlman, he and his research team found that early marriage and childbearing is one of the great risks of maternal death. so then, they began asking the communities, “Well, what alternatives are there to marriage and childbearing?” And they heard, over and over again, that the alternative is – in fact, the only viable alternative is – school. then they looked around and noticed that most of the girls were leaving school around the same time puberty started and in early adolescence, 12 or 14. So, they asked the families; this education was so important: Why are the girls not in school? And they found that consistently, the parents said, “The first daughters go to school, a great opportunity cost.” And they finished doing that for 6 years and barely read or write. So, it wasn’t worth sending their other daughters to school.

So that points to the importance of the quality of education. It also goes back to a question about risk factors. There are tremendous risks when girls leave school early and are more likely to be married and more likely to become pregnant. There is a tremendous risk to the girls’ health, which also precludes her from developing. The girl was taken out of school early, very early, is not really able to get a sense of self and a feeling of what she wants in life and ability to be able to express her own wishes and desires and form them in the first place and then express them to the people in their family and community.

So, it precludes girls from leading a full life and girls who marry and start bearing children early in addition to the health risks to them. Their own children are less likely to be educated. Their own children are less likely to have good nutrition. There’s just a lot of detriments at the household level when girls don’t complete school. then conversely, there are a lot of benefits when they do so, both in terms of girl’s self-expression, obviously literacy, numeracy and interest in that ability to work outside of the home. So, you can get a wage-paying job, should be more likely to be connected to social services, including health, health care and just generally more able to contribute to society and to the development of her community and her nation.

Jacobsen: What was the starting point of the Global Education Summit focus on girls’ education and family planning in the first place?

Graves: So, this summit itself is an international meeting to try to increase funding for education worldwide. It really is focused on education. Our event is a side event at the summit. We have been calling for increased funding, especially for girls’ education in the Sahel, for many years. So, we took advantage of this larger summit to offer a platform to make the case for really focusing on keeping girls in secondary school, because now, it’s happening in Africa. The country has changed a lot. The primary education rates have increased a lot over the last couple of decades. Secondary education, especially in the poorer countries of the region is still really low. So, we’re making the case that by keeping a focus or getting focused on girls’ secondary education.

There will be all of these other benefits, not just to the individual girls, but on a demographic level as well, because those girls are likely to get married and start bearing children later and they’re more able to negotiate with their partners about using family planning. They’re more likely to desire a smaller family and be able to achieve both with and through better communication with their partners, but also better access to health services, because that’s something that doesn’t come easily. so there are these regional and demographic benefits that will be reached by changing the demography of the region and in particular, changing the structure. So, we put the girls’ education and family planning together because, through family planning, the demographic benefits are achieved.

Jacobsen: So, the organizations that are getting involved here. What are some of the prominent ones that people can look forward to in terms of their becoming involved in this particular summit? And what are people hoping as some of the takeaways, what have been some of the takeaways in the past?

Graves: And so, we’re organizing this event. I am the co-founder and director of research and started as a project at the University of California, Berkeley. We’re also a nonprofit, also registered as a charitable organization in Canada. That’s the latest initiative in Canada and our partners are UC Berkeley. The partnership coordination unit, which is the Family Planning and Women’s Rights and Girls’ rights organization in West Africa. We have a partnership with the Center for Girls Education, which is a partner in northern Nigeria. It has had tremendous success keeping girls in school. They’ve shown a two-and-a-half-year increase in the age of marriage with girls who participated in the program. So, this is a partnership that we’re organizing this event. In terms of what we can hope for there, we’re really hoping to see a commitment from donors, especially donor agencies and the governments on how to increase aid and increase available programs for girls’ secondary education and for her reproductive health and rights in the West African Sahel.

Jacobsen: For girls who lose out on access to education earlier in life, what happens to them?

Graves: Everybody has a different story, but we know from surveys, demographic and health surveys and national-level surveys; we know that the less educated girls, again, are likely to marry earlier. They’re less likely to have access to health services. That includes reproductive health services, counselling. They’re less likely to have decision-making power in the household. So, that could be regarding household resources like money and making decisions about their own ability to leave home. So, this goes on in terms of how empowerment decision-making/power is correlated with education. So, importantly, there’s a virtuous circle that happens, which is that mothers always want to see their children as educated or better educated than they are. To the one, we can keep girls in school. We know that there’ll be benefits to their own children in terms of what the mom expects and can be able to navigate for her children’s education.

Jacobsen: Now, who are going to be the keynote speakers at this particular summit?

Graves: And so, I feel like I need to clarify this. Our event is a side event at the larger summit. We are an official side event, but ours is a half-day conference. Next Tuesday in the larger summit is full day, next Wednesday and Thursday, I believe, and possibly Thursday and Friday. So, I’m not sure who the keynote speakers at the Global Education Summit are. We have a few very high-profile speakers that were mentioned. One of them is Professor Nicolas Meda, who is a special advisor to the President of Burkina Faso and also a former minister of health. Another is the high commissioner to the Sahel coalition. He’s the former minister of agriculture of Chad. It’s interesting with the conference dedicated to education and training of West African women. But these are two of the most… I don’t know if they describe themselves as feminists, but I know them personally and they’re very active and in a position to influence education and rights in the region. So, we’re hoping to get a special guest, but I know it’s not confirmed and that person is a very high-profile education advocate. So, I’ll let you know if that changes in the next day or two. Another person to mention is one of the key speakers, Habiba Mohammad, who is the director of the Center for Girls Education or a partner in northern Nigeria. She, for 15 years, has been dedicated to helping to keep girls at school and really changing social norms and expectations of girls and in the state, actually. But now, we have seen ripple effects throughout northern Nigeria.

Jacobsen: Are high levels of population growth typically associated with lower rights for women and girls?

Graves: Very good question. My guess is, “Yes.” But I think the probably more careful answer would be to say that we know high rates of population growth generally correspond to an age structure that used to be very young. There is a lot of evidence that shows that a youthful age structure of the country is more associated with greater civil unrest. So, I think in the context of the Sahel, which is a very young population, the regional population is very, very young. There been as long as I’ve been paying attention to it – for about 12 years now. There’s just increasing unrest and violence. So, I think that compromises women’s and girls’ rights. It compromises the well-being of the people in the region at large. But women and girls tend to be more affected by violence in terms of their own safety, facility to move around places and so forth. So, I think that’s part of the relationship there.

One of the things I would say about this relationship is we know when it easier it is for girls or women to access family planning services, which includes counselling and contraceptive methods, the more likely they are to uptake it. So, it’s an obvious thing to say. But I think there are so many barriers to accessing reproductive health services in the Sahel that there’s a relationship between the ability to access, usage rates, and contraceptive prevalence rates, and then that in turn contributes to high fertility and the population growth. One last thing I would say about that is it’s true that there’s generally a preference for large families in West Africa. However, there are more women who want to space or limit their pregnancies, but are not using any contraceptives. There are women who are current users. So, there’s this latent demand for family planning. That’s something that’s there.

Jacobsen: In southern Nigeria, it’s majority Christian. In northern Nigeria, it’s majority Muslim. With northern Nigeria, how is fundamentalist religion associated with exacerbating violations of girls’ rights or with assisting them come to fruition?

Graves: I don’t feel qualified to answer that directly, but I would say our colleagues at the Center for Girls Education have done a really amazing job developing a community approach to get the community members engaged, including, oftentimes, conservative and religious leaders to get them on board with girls’ education because is supported in the Islamic texts. So, for the girls’ education, I think it hasn’t been our experience in working with our partner there hasn’t been negatively affected. In fact, I think they’ve been so successful in getting religious leaders on board that it has contributed to the overall success of keeping girls in school. I think we are now piloting safe space groups. So, that’s like a group of girls who meet with a mentor and develop life skills. Often, they can also help literacy and numeracy equivalents to now piloting with the Center for Girls Education for married adolescent girls, including good spacing of lessons. So far, we’ve been going very carefully because of the things that you just described. So, far, we haven’t met with any resistance.

Jacobsen: For freedom of choice at all levels of life, how will having a higher level of educational access for a girl when she becomes a woman help her become financially independent, and so on?

Graves: That’s a good question, and the truth is: Because it’s such a youthful population, because of the sort of high levels of poverty, the job market looks very, very different. Lots of highly informal work there. So, that’s very different from what most of your readers would be familiar with. That said, I mean, there are a few ways that there’s a promotion of women in the workforce through our service that keeping the girls from school. First of all, through the safe spaces approach that we offer, we are actively promoting girls’ literacy and numeracy improved much more than it was just through the traditional education system. So, they’re more likely to be literate and more likely to be able to do the math and so forth. So, they have the skills. We’re also testing vocational approaches for girls who are out of school and want to learn skills. So, in northern Nigeria, where this is still a relatively small pilot, but so far they’ve been very successful, teaching girls poultry farming, poultry rearing, tailoring, shoemaking, cell phone and small electronics repair. But those are giving girls concrete skills to go into the workforce. It’s still, like I said, a pilot. I don’t know. It’s been a year or two. We’ll have more concrete results. But they’re moving towards opportunities for working outside the home.

Also, I think you’re asking, ‘How is education contributing to them being able to work outside the home?’ One other thing I’d say is: The norms for girls in the communities where we’ve been working have changed radically over the years. When it was just a handful of teenage girls who were in school, families would gossip about those guys sending the girls and putting them at risk. Now that the majority of girls are going to school, the families are gossiping about those families who are keeping girls from going to school. So, expectations for girls have really changed. in northern Nigeria, the culture for a long time now; it’s hundreds of years that families have practiced seclusion until a woman, once she’s married or a girl and she’s married, generally is not allowed to leave the home without the permission of her husband. If we have a cascading mentorship program whereby the girls who go through this program can become mentors, after a few years, given the spaces, the spaces for other girls, those cascading mentors are usually married and they’re usually the first in many, many generations to be allowed by their husbands to work outside the home. So, I find that pretty amazing.

Jacobsen: How can people find out more about Oasis?

Graves: So we just were established as a Canadian charity earlier this year, so we don’t have a Canadian. The website is “www.oasissahel.org.” We as Oasis Canada charity will be fundraising for girls’ safe spaces in Nigeria and Niger. So, Canadians could make tax-deductible gifts to Oasis initiative Canada, that we would pass through without any overhead charges to our partners in northern Nigeria and Niger.

Jacobsen: It’s fabulous.

So different from the US, yes, I think so, too. I think it’s awesome. I have through my Canadian husband; I have some connections in Canada, so I hope to later this year really to get fundraising for that. Because ultimately we want to see this approach. I want to see all girls staying in school for secondary school and being able to make important life choices. Part of our contribution to that will be to continue to offer these safe programs, especially in northern Nigeria and Niger. So, to do that, we need partners in the region and we’re raising as much funding as we can raise.

Jacobsen: Thank you very much for your opportunity and the time today, Alisha.

Graves: Thank you, Scott. I enjoyed talking to you, taking your questions, and hopefully answered them sufficiently.

Jacobsen: Thanks so much.

Graves: Ok, have a nice day.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Co-Founder, OASIS Initiative.

[2] Individual Publication Date: July 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/graves; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Alisha Graves on Girls’ Education and Rights, and the Global Education Summit: Co-Founder, OASIS Initiative [Online]. July 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/graves.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, July 22). Conversation with Alisha Graves on Girls’ Education and Rights, and the Global Education Summit: Co-Founder, OASIS Initiative. Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/graves.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Alisha Graves on Girls’ Education and Rights, and the Global Education Summit: Co-Founder, OASIS Initiative. In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, July. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/graves>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Alisha Graves on Girls’ Education and Rights, and the Global Education Summit: Co-Founder, OASIS Initiative.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/graves.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Alisha Graves on Girls’ Education and Rights, and the Global Education Summit: Co-Founder, OASIS Initiative.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (July 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/graves.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Alisha Graves on Girls’ Education and Rights, and the Global Education Summit: Co-Founder, OASIS Initiative’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/graves>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Alisha Graves on Girls’ Education and Rights, and the Global Education Summit: Co-Founder, OASIS Initiative’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/graves.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Alisha Graves on Girls’ Education and Rights, and the Global Education Summit: Co-Founder, OASIS Initiative.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): July. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/graves>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Alisha Graves on Girls’ Education and Rights, and the Global Education Summit: Co-Founder, OASIS Initiative [Internet]. (2021, July 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/graves.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links June be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and June disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on International Human Rights, the UN Charter, and the Contextualization within the 21st Century: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (3)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: July 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,165

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

PM Salih Hudayar is the Prime Minister of East Turkistan (Government-in-Exile) and the Founder of the East Turkistan National Awakening Movement. He discusses: similar cases; and international law and rights.

Keywords: China, Chinese, East Turkistan, government-in-exile, Prime Minister, Salih Hudayar, Turks, UN Charter, Uyghurs.

Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on International Human Rights, the UN Charter, and the Contextualization within the 21st Century: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (3)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted October 20, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: And other than Tibet and some of the concerns about Taiwan or Hong Kong, what are other similar cases or ongoing cases that the Chinese government is working towards enacting similarly to the case for East Turkistan and its peoples?

Salih Hudayar[1],[2]: So East Turkistan has been, since 1950, used as a base for literally everything from nuclear weapons to military software to surveillance systems to new political programs that China wants to test programs, ethnic programs, so, in Tibet, they started with us. They started locking us in concentration camps. They started taking away our language. The international community didn’t respond. Nobody responded effectively. Now, you have half a million Tibetans sent to similar concentration camps. But China is saying that it’s ‘labour camps.’ So, now, China is admitting they’re sending them to labour camps. Half a million Tibetans have been sent to labour camps for ‘labour and training.’ This is one of those in 2020. So, all the national security laws and all the stuff like that, what they did in Hong Kong they just recently passed a national security law. They passed similar laws in East Turkistan and they were kind of gauging the international community to see how the international community would respond.

Between 2014 and 2016, they rounded up 200,000 people, men between the ages of 15 and 45 in East Turkistan. They were the first ones to go into the concentration camps and prisons on the basis that they were prone to become radicalized. They did it so publicly just to see the kind of gauge how the international community would respond and once the international community just completely ignored it. Then that’s when they started locking up millions of people and targeting them regardless of their age, whether they’re male or female, whether they’re religious or not.

Jacobsen: Now, under international law or international fundamental human rights, can you give the audience when they do read this, some of the layouts of the series of human rights violations on the level of the individual right? I’m speaking of, for example, things like forcible sterilization or even coerced or forced marriage to Chinese civilian men. These forms of violations of freedom of choice in a variety of domains. These individual human rights.

Hudayar: Yes. So, from the individual human rights perspective, they are being eradicated. Essentially the UN Charter, it guarantees freedom of religion, freedom of expression, freedom of…, even to engage in their own political views, etc. all is guaranteed under it: a right to live, a right to worship, a right to learn their language, a right to engage in their cultural practices. These are all guaranteed. In fact, even China’s constitution guarantees people the right to practice our religion, to practice our culture, to speak our language, all these things. It’s all on paper. But effectively, what’s happening is, they are being violated.

We can’t even speak our own language in schools or in public places. Our language is no longer being taught. Women and men can’t even wear scarves because if you wear a scarf then you must be an extremist. That’s one reason why you get sent to a concentration camp. If you are male, and if you have a beard, and if you’re under 65, “Oh, then you must be an extremist. Therefore, you have to go to a concentration camp.” If you own matches, that’s illegal. You must be a terrorist, sent to a concentration camp. If you work out, and this is one of another reason, if you physically like to work out, e.g., just doing push-ups, going to a gym, you’re a security threat because you’re training to be a terrorist. You have to go to the concentration camp. If you have travelled overseas, you have to be sent to a concentration camp.

If you believe in any religion, whether it’s Christianity, whether it’s any other religion, you’re probably becoming radicalized. You have to be sent to a concentration camp. All rights are being violated. Children are being separated from their families, half a million children. This is something that the Chinese government has acknowledged. It’s to promote education, to educate and train loyal Chinese citizens. So, what they’re doing is, they’re taking away our children from pre-K up until college, teach them to be loyal Chinese citizens, teaching them to not speak their language, teaching them to hate their own people to be like, “No, these are a bunch of barbarians.” We are actually Chinese people. They were brainwashed into thinking that they were different.

To hate religion, to worship the Chinese state, these are things that are happening: Forcing our women to marry Chinese men, coercing them, in most cases by saying, “If you don’t marry Chinese men, we’re going to send you or your family to the concentration camps.” Many of the people in diaspora countries, in neighbouring countries, even in the diaspora, many of them, even here in the US, a few of them went back, bullishly went back because what the Chinese government did was they arrested their parents and then have them call those children or those relatives outside of the country and told them to come back, “When you come back, they will let you go.” When those people went back, neither those people nor their parents were ever heard from again.

The same thing happened to numerous members of my own family. In Central Asia, I told them, “Don’t go back, don’t be stupid,” because I know they got my mom. I had a cousin. They got my mom and dad. They made my mom call us and said, “They have agreed to let us go if you come back.” None of them are heard from again. There’s so much individual violation like they force DNA collection. They force the collection of DNA and biometric information. Forcibly, a Chinese official lives in your home to ensure your loyalty to promote “ethnic unity” as the Chinese government called it. It is to ensure that you speak Chinese at your home and that you don’t have any or are not engaging in religious practices or anything.

They offer you, “You’re a Muslim.” They’ll offer you drinking. They’ll bring some pork. They’ll be like, “Eat it.” If you don’t eat it, then, you’re an extremist and, therefore, you have to be sent to a concentration camp. In many cases, if you’re a woman, they’ll offer to sleep with you. They’ll be like, “Oh, let’s sleep together.” If you refuse, if you refuse that sexual harassment and the rape that follows afterwards, you’re an extremist and your whole family has to be sent to a concentration camp. There’s no type of oppression like this that is comparable anywhere in the world in the 21st century. The humiliation from the individual basis all the way through the suffering as a national. It’s not visible in any other part of the world at this scale.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Prime Minister, East Turkistan (Government-in-Exile); Founder, East Turkistan National Awakening Movement (ETNAM).

[2] Individual Publication Date: July 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-3; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on International Human Rights, the UN Charter, and the Contextualization within the 21st Century: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (3) [Online]. July 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-3.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, July 15). Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on International Human Rights, the UN Charter, and the Contextualization within the 21st Century: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (3). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-3.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on International Human Rights, the UN Charter, and the Contextualization within the 21st Century: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (3). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, July. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-3>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on International Human Rights, the UN Charter, and the Contextualization within the 21st Century: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-3.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on International Human Rights, the UN Charter, and the Contextualization within the 21st Century: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (July 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-3.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on International Human Rights, the UN Charter, and the Contextualization within the 21st Century: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-3>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on International Human Rights, the UN Charter, and the Contextualization within the 21st Century: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-3.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on International Human Rights, the UN Charter, and the Contextualization within the 21st Century: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): July. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-3>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on International Human Rights, the UN Charter, and the Contextualization within the 21st Century: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (3) [Internet]. (2021, July 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-3.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links June be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and June disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Dr. Benoit Desjardins, M.D., Ph.D., on Background, Academics, Intelligence, Science, and Philosophy: Academic Physician; Member, Mega Society (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: July 8, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,492

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Professor Benoit Desjardins, MD, PhD, FAHA, FACR is an Ivy League academic physician and scientist at the University of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Mega Society, the OlympIQ Society and past member of the Prometheus Society. He is the designer of the cryptic Mega Society logo. He is member of several scientific societies and a Fellow of the American College of Radiology and of the American Heart Association. He is the co-Founder of the Arrhythmia Imaging Research (AIR) lab at Penn. His research is funded by the National Institute of Health. He is an international leader in three different fields: cardiovascular imaging, artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. He discusses: growing up; extended self; family background; youth with friends; education; purpose of intelligence tests; high intelligence; extreme reactions to geniuses; greatest geniuses; genius and a profoundly gifted person; necessities for genius or the definition of genius; work experiences and jobs held; job path; myths of the gifted; God; science; tests taken and scores earned; range of the scores; ethical philosophy; political philosophy; metaphysics; worldview; meaning in life; source of meaning; afterlife; life; and love.

Keywords: academic physician, Benoit Desjardins, intelligence, Mega Society, science, University of Pennsylvania.

Conversation with Dr. Benoit Desjardins, M.D., Ph.D., on Background, Academics, Intelligence, Science, and Philosophy: Academic Physician; Member, Mega Society (1)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: When you were growing up, what were some of the prominent family stories being told over time?

Dr. Benoit Desjardins[1],[2]*: Nothing interesting. A very ordinary family, trying to stay afloat financially. I found out on my wedding day that my father was adopted, which added mystery to the family for the first time in my life. But I chose not to investigate further out of respect for his wishes.

Jacobsen: Have these stories helped provide a sense of an extended self or a sense of the family legacy?

Desjardins: No, not much of a legacy. My family history did, however, make me prioritize financial stability as one of my main goals in life.

Jacobsen: What was the family background, e.g., geography, culture, language, and religion or lack thereof?

Desjardins: French Canadian, catholic, I grew up in Montreal. I was a first-generation college student, although I never really attended college and was fast-tracked directly to medical school and graduate school. We were not a very religious family. A priest had cursed my mother to get a physically disabled child when she was pregnant with me because she missed mass, and my parents then dissociated from the church. I was fortunately not born with any handicaps.

Jacobsen: How was the experience with peers and schoolmates as a child and an adolescent?

Desjardins: Not great. I was not good with human interaction. I was a bit of a recluse, although I did attend school but did not have many friends. I went to an all-boys high school. I only became comfortable interacting with girls a few years after high school. Now I have a wife and kids. Happily married for 34 years.

Jacobsen: What have been some professional certifications, qualifications, and trainings earned by you?

Desjardins: My path was unusual. I was fast-tracked to medical school in Canada because of my exceptional intellectual abilities, skipping college. But medical school did not satisfy me intellectually. So, after medical school, I received a very prestigious Award to pursue four simultaneous graduate degrees in the US, combining Pure Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence, Formal Philosophy (Logic), and Theoretical Physics. I called this my “intellectual interlude”. I then completed the medical curriculum (internship, residency, fellowship) to earn a living as an academic physician. So, I have an MD degree, a PhD degree, half a dozen Masters, and medical post-graduate training certificates. I also completed several additional certifications on the side, like recent certifications in hacking and cybersecurity. I love to learn new things, and these certifications force me to learn new fields very thoroughly.

Jacobsen: What is the purpose of intelligence tests to you?

Desjardins: Their purpose is to attempt to evaluate intelligence. I just take those tests for fun as I love to solve complicated problems.

Jacobsen: When was high intelligence discovered for you?

Desjardins: It was in high school since I was pretty much a recluse before that.

Jacobsen: When you think of the ways in which the geniuses of the past have either been mocked, vilified, and condemned if not killed, or praised, flattered, platformed, and revered, what seems like the reason for the extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses? Many alive today seem camera shy – many, not all.

Desjardins: It usually depends on the mindset of the society in which they live. If it is not open to new ideas or non-traditional ideas, geniuses get vilified, sometimes imprisoned (e.g., Galileo), or killed (e.g., Socrates). On the other hand, if it values new ideas and risk-takers, geniuses get praised or platformed (e.g., Gates, Jobs, Musk).

Jacobsen: Who seem like the greatest geniuses in history to you?

Desjardins: One hundred billion humans ever lived on Earth, so out of those, there were quite a few geniuses throughout history. Here are a few: Socrates, Galileo, da Vinci, Einstein, Darwin, Newton, Aristotle, Turing.

Jacobsen: What differentiates a genius from a profoundly intelligent person?

Desjardins: Extreme creativity and long-term focused effort characterize genius. Profoundly intelligent people are much more common, and most don’t amount to much in life.

Jacobsen: Is profound intelligence necessary for genius?

Desjardins: Profound intelligence is usually a left-brain process. Extreme creativity is usually a right-brain process. So no, it’s not necessary.

Jacobsen: What have been some work experiences and jobs held by you?

Desjardins: The main path I followed is that of an Ivy League academic physician and scientist. But I have always pursued multiple sidelines in parallel. For example, one of my current sidelines is being a hacker and a cybersecurity specialist.

Jacobsen: Why pursue this particular job path?

Desjardins: Early in my life, I sought an intellectually challenging career, which generated good financial security income. However, I quickly realized that such a career did not exist or was very difficult to find. So, I decided to pursue two careers in parallel. I picked academic medicine to generate income and pursued many other activities in parallel to provide an intellectual challenge.

Jacobsen: What are some of the more important aspects of the idea of the gifted and geniuses? Those myths that pervade the cultures of the world. What are those myths? What truths dispel them?

Desjardins: There are many myths. For example, the myth that gifted people always do well in school. But, unfortunately, the structure of the education system is not always appropriate for many geniuses, who either do poorly in school or drop out (e.g., Einstein).

Jacobsen: Any thoughts on the God concept or gods idea and philosophy, theology, and religion?

Desjardins: God was an invention of prehistoric man to explain what he could not understand. Eventually, science explained more and more and made God and religion irrelevant. As for philosophy, it is a field that helps sharpen critical thinking, analysis, and writing. Therefore, everyone should take courses in philosophy, unless one aims for a job not requiring much thinking, like a farmer or a US congressman.

Jacobsen: How much does science play into the worldview for you?

Desjardins: I earn a living as a physician and scientist, so much of my worldview is based on science.

Jacobsen: What have been some of the tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations) for you?

Desjardins: I took the Mega test and Titan test in the mid-1990s for fun. My scores on those were good enough to qualify for membership to the Mega Society. Whether they are appropriate tests to measure very high IQs is still an open question, but all similar tests face the same problems. I probably have taken other tests as a kid, but I don’t remember much. I also do puzzles and quizzes whenever they come up, such as Tim Roberts quizzes, and I usually finish first at most of them.

Jacobsen: What is the range of the scores for you? The scores earned on alternative intelligence tests tend to produce a wide smattering of data points rather than clusters, typically.

Desjardins: High enough to qualify for membership in the Mega Society. Narrow range, around five-sigma.

Jacobsen: What ethical philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Desjardins: I take a little bit from each of the main ethical philosophies, depending on the context. Deontological ethics mainly guides physicians, but a utilitarian approach often makes more sense to me.

Jacobsen: What social philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Desjardins: I value the “Live and let live” social philosophy with a set of practical constraints. As long as people’s behavior does not harm others, does not harm the environment, and does not harm the social fabric, let people do what they want to do. If they’re going to hurt themselves, it’s their choice. You can always provide them with the best possible advice to help them realize the consequences of their actions, but in the end, it’s their choice. Physicians use that approach a lot. For example, we inform patients who drink too much or do drugs about the consequences of their actions, and if they chose to continue, it’s not our role to forcibly stop them from harming themselves.

Jacobsen: What economic philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Desjardins: Well, I cannot tolerate the cruelty and exploitative nature of predatory capitalism in the US. I instead value any economic system that provides people with the means to achieve their goals in life and reap the benefits of their hard work while at the same time providing a robust social net to prevent people from falling through the cracks. Canada, where I grew up, is a social democracy that provides all these features and makes sense to me from an economic perspective.

Jacobsen: What political philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Desjardins: I oscillate between social liberalism and social democracy, depending on the context. Their basic policies are often the same. I value the power of the state but do not value as much the power of unions.

Jacobsen: What metaphysics makes some sense to you, even the most workable sense to you?

Desjardins: I have a purely atheistic scientific view of the world, and I do not need metaphysics.

Jacobsen: What worldview-encompassing philosophical system makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Desjardins: As a scientist, post-positivism is the worldview philosophical system that makes the most sense to me. Reality is accessible through careful observation and scientific reasoning. Scientists make theories that can evolve, and they use observation to support or disprove a theory, knowing that all observations have a certain amount of error in them. Thus, science makes steady progress towards understanding reality.

Jacobsen: What provides meaning in life for you?

Desjardins: Three elements provide meaning to my life: my wife and kids, job and research work, and achievements. For the past few decades, I undertook a series of Grand Challenges outside work for personal growth and achievement. Each new Grand Challenge had to meet three conditions: (1) be something I had never done in my life, (2) enable me to grow as a person, and (3) have a well-defined end goal. I have pursued many such grand challenges, such as getting a Black Belt at Tae Kwon Do, earning a Wood Badge with Boy Scouts of America, becoming a pilot, becoming a competitive master marksman, etc.

Jacobsen: Is meaning externally derived, internally generated, both, or something else?

Desjardins: It’s both. In my case, my grand challenges are purely internally generated. However, other aspects such as wife and kids are externally generated.

Jacobsen: Do you believe in an afterlife? If so, why, and what form? If not, why not?

Desjardins: We either get cremated or eaten by worms and get recycled, currently into dirt, but eventually possibly into Soylent Green.

Jacobsen: What do you make of the mystery and transience of life?

Desjardins: Life is a beautiful thing. It appeared by itself out of nothing billions of years ago. It kept evolving until it produced Homo Sapiens, which could colonize and change the planet, and might eventually become interstellar. Science has taught us more and more about the mechanisms of life, so it’s becoming less mysterious with time. The transience of life is a good thing, as otherwise there would be 100 billion people living on Earth, 94 billion of them living in old people’s homes.

Jacobsen: What is love to you?

Desjardins: Love is an emotion that binds people to each other. I never thought of it more deeply or philosophically. But I express it regularly. For example, I’ve bought roses for my wife every month since we started dating, and I have not forgotten any monthly roses in the 37 years we have been together.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Academic Physician; Member, OlympIQ Society; Member, Mega Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: July 8, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/desjardins-1; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Dr. Benoit Desjardins, M.D., Ph.D., on Background, Academics, Intelligence, Science, and Philosophy: Academic Physician; Member, Mega Society (1) [Online]. July 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/desjardins-1.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, July 8). Conversation with Dr. Benoit Desjardins, M.D., Ph.D., on Background, Academics, Intelligence, Science, and Philosophy: Academic Physician; Member, Mega Society (1). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/desjardins-1.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Dr. Benoit Desjardins, M.D., Ph.D., on Background, Academics, Intelligence, Science, and Philosophy: Academic Physician; Member, Mega Society (1). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, July. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/desjardins-1>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Dr. Benoit Desjardins, M.D., Ph.D., on Background, Academics, Intelligence, Science, and Philosophy: Academic Physician; Member, Mega Society (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/desjardins-1.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Dr. Benoit Desjardins, M.D., Ph.D., on Background, Academics, Intelligence, Science, and Philosophy: Academic Physician; Member, Mega Society (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (July 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/desjardins-1.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Dr. Benoit Desjardins, M.D., Ph.D., on Background, Academics, Intelligence, Science, and Philosophy: Academic Physician; Member, Mega Society (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/desjardins-1>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Dr. Benoit Desjardins, M.D., Ph.D., on Background, Academics, Intelligence, Science, and Philosophy: Academic Physician; Member, Mega Society (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/desjardins-1.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Dr. Benoit Desjardins, M.D., Ph.D., on Background, Academics, Intelligence, Science, and Philosophy: Academic Physician; Member, Mega Society (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): July. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/desjardins-1>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Dr. Benoit Desjardins, M.D., Ph.D., on Background, Academics, Intelligence, Science, and Philosophy: Academic Physician; Member, Mega Society (1) [Internet]. (2021, July 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/desjardins-1.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links June be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and June disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Turkic Peoples, and Politically Motivated Racism: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (2)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: July 8, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,376

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

PM Salih Hudayar is the Prime Minister of East Turkistan (Government-in-Exile) and the Founder of the East Turkistan National Awakening Movement. He discusses: human rights; concentration camps and re-education camps; politically motivated racism.

Keywords: China, Chinese, colonialism, government-in-exile, Prime Minister, Salih Hudayar, Turks, Uyghurs.

Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Turkic Peoples, and Politically Motivated Racism: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (2)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted October 20, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: With regards to human rights in some of the major human rights organizations in the world today, what has been some of their commentary? What has been some of the work that they have done in regards to these issues around the order of the Kazakhs and other Turks or people who have been locked up in those camps?

Salih Hudayar[1],[2]: So many human rights organizations like Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, have raised the issue to the human rights as a political one. From the human rights perspective, engaging in atrocity, I think the world and the ambassador need to call for sanctions. However, with sanctions, even the terminology that is used is very important, whether referring our people or referring to our country as Turkistan, a lot of these organizations like Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, incorrectly refer to us as Chinese Muslims or Muslims in China, because we always – and other Turkic people, are Turkic people in that context because we don’t see ourselves as Chinese. We are not Chinese. We don’t have any cultural, historical, linguistic ties to China or the Chinese people.

So, that’s something that needs to be corrected. This is something that we have been pushing them to do. Another issue is the term “Chinese,” which they used to describe our homeland in a Chinese colonial term, meaning “territory” or the meaning “frontier.” It’s a humiliating term. Nobody refers to Tibet as “Chinese.” Nobody except China, like China renamed “Tibet” to “Tibet Autonomous Region,” nobody uses that term but China. But you see, most of the governments across the world and human rights organizations and media incorrectly referred to our country as “Chinese.” Therefore, in a way, supporting the Chinese narrative is supporting Chinese colonial efforts, we have been urging people to recognize or refer to our country as “Turkistan” because that’s what we call it.

And whether you look at historical map, if you pull up a map from a hundred years ago of China or surrounding areas or of Asia, you will clearly see that it’s written “East Turkistan.” We were an independent country up until December 22nd, 1949. We were known as the East Turkistan Republic. It was short lived and we lasted for about five years before the Chinese communists came. Previous to that, we had declared independence in 1933 as the Turkistan Republic, and that lasted six months into Soviet intervention. But before 1884, we were known as East Turkistan.

Jacobsen: I also want to focus on some of the terminology around some of the actions, human rights violations or abuses, that have been happening in these particular cases. So, the one that stands out probably for most people in a lay person’s perspective would be “concentration camps.” For those who make the association, they will make the association to the National Socialists in Germany in World War Two. What is the overlap here in terms of the terminology of “concentration camps “in Nazi Germany, in World War Two, and in the cases here of “genocide” ongoing in East Turkistan?

Hudayar: So, the overlap is that the purpose of why these people are being put in the. For example, the Nazis, they demonized the Jews and sent them to these concentration camps, like the same way the Chinese government is demonizing the Uyghurs and sending them to the concentration camps. The structure of the concentration camps, there is barbed wire fencing blocked by watchtowers. These are all things with high walls. In some cases, these things are prevalent. You can’t get out of it. You’re not formally charged with a crime. So, it’s not a prison, where you’re actually charged with a crime and being sent there. The only crime that you have is that your status as an Uyghur.

And just like under the Nazis, the only crime is that where you were, or in most cases you are, Jewish and, in some other cases, you were sympathetic to Jews or you were homosexuals or you were something else – enemies of the Nazis. Just the terminology that China uses, calling them “enemies of the people,” “enemies of the state and the people,” this is the way China portrays our people as we’re the enemy of China and its people. So, therefore, we have to be destroyed. We have to be, as one Chinese official stated, “eradicated.” To this day, they’re continuing to build more and more camps. The Chinese government claims that it’s for re-education; that we’re receiving political language education. The same thing that the Nazis did to reprogram them. Even the propaganda that they showed to the Western world during World War Two, what they said when people heard of these reports, the Nazis set up the stage camps to have the Jews working as in building, working in factories, looking like a productive member of the society, were happy and singing and dancing and playing sports.

And these concentration camps, the same thing that China has done with taking them to specific locations that they created purposely for propaganda purposes and literally having our people sing and dance and clap hands. While clapping their hands, they were saying, “If you’re happy… clap your hands,” in English; by using words like we’re just a bunch of circus monkeys, every time they put out these videos of dancing and clapping and singing and saying, “Hey, we are happy.” This is the same propaganda that the Nazis did as well to dissuade the world from to hide the atrocities that it was committing.

Jacobsen: If you have this case of more than a million Uyghurs, Kazakhs, and Turkic people, basically, having to undergo these kind of actions and ‘re-education,’ in the concentration camps, it’s Chinese citizens on the other side or military personnel. This is a very explicit form of politically motivated racism.

Hudayar: Absolutely. For a long time, since 1954, the Chinese government, because initially when they took over our country, our top leaders including our president, defense minister, general, chief of staff, our secretariat, foreign minister, we don’t know if they actually died in a plane crash or if they were executed and then that was staged like a plane crash. But they were killed. Then the Chinese and the Soviets, they forced the remaining leaders to sign a five-year treaty, which the Chinese communists would help us develop and modernize our country and withdraw their forces. In 1954, when the five-year mark came, the Chinese government now set up the paramilitary, Xinjian Production and Construction Corps. A paramilitary force to colonize, to secure the borders and colonize East Turkistan.

But since then, they’ve been spreading this. They’ve been revising history, stating that East Turkistan has been a part of China since ancient times and that our people are a Chinese people who were invaded by foreign barbarians and brainwashed into thinking that we were different people. So historically, the Chinese have viewed us as barbarians. The way that they’ve been portraying it. Even the shooting of the Mulan, the story of Mulan in East Turkistan near a concentration camp, that’s not coincidental. If you look at the story compared to the original film and the film that was produced this year, you can see that it’s clearly targeting our people, the Uyghur as a bunch of barbarians, because the name of the guy.

The antagonist in the movie is Barbarian, who is called their leader: Bora Khan. Bora in our language means “wolf.” Khan means like “the king.” The king of wolves, historically, in ancient Chinese texts, we were referred to as the wolf people because that was our totem. In fact, that was our imperial flag, like it symbolizes us. So, it was targeting that. the fact that the antagonist in the movie Bora Khan he’s trying to get revenge because the Chinese they killed his father and they took over their lands. This is the political message in there that the American and the Western audience doesn’t get. But, the Chinese audience, they understand. They get the political message. So, it’s a deep rooted historical issue. It’s not something that just happened starting in 2017. This goes back to 1949, even beyond that.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Prime Minister, East Turkistan (Government-in-Exile); Founder, East Turkistan National Awakening Movement (ETNAM).

[2] Individual Publication Date: July 8, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-2; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Turkic Peoples, and Politically Motivated Racism: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (2) [Online]. July 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-2.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, July 8). Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Turkic Peoples, and Politically Motivated Racism: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-2.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Turkic Peoples, and Politically Motivated Racism: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, July. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-2>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Turkic Peoples, and Politically Motivated Racism: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-2.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Turkic Peoples, and Politically Motivated Racism: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (July 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-2.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Turkic Peoples, and Politically Motivated Racism: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-2>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Turkic Peoples, and Politically Motivated Racism: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-2.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Turkic Peoples, and Politically Motivated Racism: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): July. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-2>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Human Rights, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Turkic Peoples, and Politically Motivated Racism: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (2) [Internet]. (2021, July 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-2.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links June be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and June disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Background to East Turkistan, Uyghur Muslims, and China: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (1)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: July 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,500

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

PM Salih Hudayar is the Prime Minister of East Turkistan (Government-in-Exile) and the Founder of the East Turkistan National Awakening Movement. He discusses: background, persecution, and the context for Uyghurs now.

Keywords: China, government-in-exile, Muslims, Prime Minister, Salih Hudayar, Uyghurs.

Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Background to East Turkistan, Uyghur Muslims, and China: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (1)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted October 20, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: So, let’s start from the beginning, naturally, in terms of some of the upbringing for you and some of the family background, what was some of the family history told to you as a youngster, or even as you discovered a little bit later in your life?

PM Salih Hudayar[1],[2]: So, my first interaction with the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party was a very unfortunate interaction. I was four years old at the time. It was 1997. Months after the Chinese government had crushed the Ghulja uprising or the Ghulja protests, which we call the aftermath of the massacre. In February of 1997, thousands working people in Georgia, the former capital of the former Soviet republic, went out into the streets to protest the Chinese government execution of those independence activists. This resulted in the massacre in which the Chinese government killed hundreds of people and arrested thousands just in Ghulja, and then engaged in a massive security lockdown across the entire area in which Amnesty International estimated that they came around 100,000 people during that year.

One of those people that were detained – in the northwest, in my hometown – was my uncle, who was only 17 years old at that time. His crime was that he had read a book, a legal political book, and one of our neighbours followed and someone followed. We don’t know if it was one of our neighbours, but someone found it and they reported him, then were arbitrarily detained by the Chinese government. They came in knocking on our doors with two truckloads of soldiers armed with automatic weapons, shovels. They were trying to find the book. Because if you have any illegals things, you bury them, even if it’s a book. The Chinese government knows about it. They were able to find the book. Then they were trying to get my uncle to confess to being part of a political organization. My uncle refused because he was not a part of any organization.

Then they woke everyone up in the hall. I was the youngest one at that moment. I was four years old, and they pointed a rifle to everyone’s head including mine, and threatened to kill us if my uncle didn’t confess his crimes. My grandmother, my father had fled in 1995 after a demonstration. My grandmother said, “This is your older brother’s trust to us. He needs to survive. You tell them what they wanted to hear.” So, he confessed to being part of some political organization. He spent ten years of his life in prison. So, that was my first interaction, and growing up four years old. In my hometown at that time, there weren’t any Chinese civilians. The only Chinese civilians there. There were Chinese security forces, custom patrol, which you see to this day.

So, hearing from the older generation, they want to talk openly about it. I would hear them talking about the force. I didn’t know that the Chinese, mostly the Russians, because they talked about how we had a country and it was the Russians. So, I thought for a long while. So, I came to the U.S. I thought that the Chinese were actually the Russians. Then I fled in the US with my family and political refugees. My father was able to obtain refuge here in the U.S. in 1997. We came to the U.S. in 2000, on June 14, 2000. My father was the most influential person in terms of informing me about the fact that we were an independent country before. I knew we weren’t Chinese. I knew they were foreigners. I knew that they were occupying our land.

Unfortunately, as I mentioned earlier, I mistakenly thought they were Russians. But I have this desire to resist and to regain our freedom, because, again, no four-year-old in any part of the world should have a gun pointed at their head for political reasons or being carried out by – I wouldn’t call it a mistake, but – reading a book by one of their relatives. My father, when we came to the U.S., the first thing he taught me was he told me, “I thought that you can come here and live and forget about your relatives, your country. But I brought you here so that you can become educated and you can take the opportunity and the education that we learned from here to help free our country.”

My older brother was enrolled in a civil air patrol program. Now, he’s in the Navy, the U.S. Navy, for a little over a decade. I tried to go to the military academy, at West Point Military Academy. But, at the time, I was in the U.S., but because of the medical issues; I had emergency appendectomies with this problem, which led to a medical discharge. So, that questioned my whole military career. But again, I was like, “No, there have to be other ways that I can help. Let me study politics. Let me do something, struggle for my people to freedom and our country’s independence.” In the summer of 2017, right after I finished my bachelor’s, I started the East Turkistan National Awakening Movement with like-minded young leaders and came back here in the United States advocating for not just our human rights, but our political rights.

Because if we don’t have political rights, there’s no way that we can ensure our human rights. The last time that I was able to communicate with anyone inside East Turkistan was when they started locking up people in the concentration camps. My grandfather from my mother’s side, who told me in July 2000, “Don’t call us anymore. I’m too old to go to school, so stop calling.” “School” is a sick euphemism. A code word for “concentration camp,” which China calls the “education camp.” So, we found ETNAM. We began to lobby for the Uyghur Act, which recently was signed into law. We were in the right with the Uyghur Act. We organized a massive demonstration in front of the U.S. Capitol for over a month and every day, Monday through Friday from 9:00 to 5:00, to get their attention to pressure Congress to accept our proposal for the Uyghur Act, to recognize and sanction the Chinese officials for their crimes, we wanted the U.S. Congress to recognize Turkistan as an occupied country like Tibet.

We want the US government to recognize four objectives that we have put to the Chinese officials sanctioned and to get the Uyghur Act passed, to get recognition of the genocide and recognition of our occupied countries that we have. We have achieved two of those goals so far, and we are continuing to push for the other two goals, because at the end of the day, without our own independent state like we had before; these atrocities and oppression, it just shows that the pressure will not ever end. No country is going to guarantee our human rights more than China will claim it. But we have the best China. In fact, that we have the best human rights in the world. But I think of millions of our people are suffering from sterilizing our women, separating millions of children from their families, executing people, stealing their organs, forcing our women to marry Chinese men, forcefully collecting the DNA of over 36 million people, and imprisoning more than three million people in concentration camps and prisons.

I personally, myself, have over 100 relatives that have been detained. Four of them, the ones that I was lucky enough to get information out through other contacts in Central Asia. I discovered; I found the four of them were killed as of April 2019. The others, I don’t know if they are dead. I don’t know if they’re alive. That’s how many of us are in the West, many of us in the diaspora. We don’t even know if our family members, any in Turkistan, are alive, really don’t know if they are alive or if they are dead. In some cases, we find out a year or two years later that they died inside the concentration camp, but China says they die from pneumonia or they die from health conditions. It’s not okay. People are going in and dying.

So, this is a genocide in the 21st century. That’s why independence is the only way to ensure our people’s survival is the only way to ensure our people’s basic human rights. Governments around the world, people talk about human rights all the time. Have they done anything? They have actually done anything to stop the atrocities. The governments know what’s going on. They have more information than we do about what’s going on. The number of people that are dying; the number of people that are in the camps; all the intelligence agencies, they know it. But they are keeping silent on this because most of them; it’s not in their interest.

So if other governments can’t guarantee our human rights, the only government that will be able to do that is our own government once we regain our independence. This is why it’s necessary for our people’s survival. When we were an independent nation, no foreign power, no government was able to come in and start sending us into concentration camps, separating families, pointing guns at four-year-old’s head. No one was able to do that.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Prime Minister, East Turkistan (Government-in-Exile); Founder, East Turkistan National Awakening Movement (ETNAM).

[2] Individual Publication Date: July 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-1; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Background to East Turkistan, Uyghur Muslims, and the Chinese: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (1) [Online]. July 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-1.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, July 1). Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Background to East Turkistan, Uyghur Muslims, and the Chinese: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (1). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-1.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Background to East Turkistan, Uyghur Muslims, and the Chinese: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (1). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, July. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-1>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Background to East Turkistan, Uyghur Muslims, and the Chinese: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-1.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Background to East Turkistan, Uyghur Muslims, and the Chinese: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (July 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-1.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Background to East Turkistan, Uyghur Muslims, and the Chinese: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-1>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Background to East Turkistan, Uyghur Muslims, and the Chinese: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-1.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Background to East Turkistan, Uyghur Muslims, and the Chinese: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): July. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-1>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Prime Minister Salih Hudayar on Background to East Turkistan, Uyghur Muslims, and the Chinese: Prime Minister, East Turkistan – Government-in-Exile (1) [Internet]. (2021, July 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hudayar-1.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links June be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and June disseminate for their independent purposes.

Ask Dr. Robertson 18: The Web of Life, and Mind: Unweaving Its Rainbow

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Interviewee: Dr. Lloyd Hawkeye Robertson

Numbering: Issue 5: The Age of Experts

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: Question Time

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: June 26, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: One Time Per Year

Words: 555

Keywords: counselling psychology, culture, life, Lloyd Hawkeye Robertson, mind virus, psychology, Roman Catholic Church.

Dr. Lloyd Hawkeye Robertson is a Registered Doctoral Psychologist with expertise in Counselling Psychology, Educational Psychology, and Human Resource Development. He earned qualifications in Social Work too. Duly note, he has five postsecondary degrees, of which 3 are undergraduate level. His research interests include memes as applied to self-knowledge, the evolution of religion and spirituality, the aboriginal self’s structure, residential school syndrome, prior learning recognition and assessment, and the treatment of attention deficit disorder and suicide ideation. In addition, he works in anxiety and trauma, addictions, and psycho-educational assessment, and relationship, family, and group counselling.

Here we talk about the web of life.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: You characterize life as a web. New weaves added while others removed or changed in the web of life. To a more general point, why does psychological writing rely so heavily on metaphor? Does this reflect, in a way, the amount known while the huge amount not known about the human mind’s dynamics while also the importance of immediate conveyance in meaning in spite of it? Do psychotherapy and counselling amount to controlled-environment, systematic rituals for clients with therapists?

Dr. Lloyd Hawkeye Robertson: Metaphor is a kind of mental scaffolding that allows us to explore new concepts using more established, well understood ones. Metaphor predominates in psychology because it is a new science playing catch-up. We might blame Rene Descartes and his Faustian bargain with the Roman Catholic Church for this. Cartesian dualism held that the natural world could be understood by science and reason, but the mind or soul could only be understood from divine revelation. This dualism likely contributed to Descartes avoiding the censorship and imprisonment faced by his contemporary, Galileo, but the notion that the study of mind was beyond the ken of science set back psychology by about 200 years.

In the newspaper column you cited I said each of us builds a mental structure of significant others that supports our self definition as a person. This structure can be compared to a spider’s web with each foundational thread representing a significant other. When a foundational person dies, our mental web collapses and we must re-weave it in accordance with this new reality. Such a metaphor is useful in understanding the purpose and task of grieving, but it is not as useful in understanding who we are in other contexts. In mapping the self more recently (Robertson, 2016Robertson and McFadden, 2018), I have shown that who we are is more than the relationships we have established. I have also shown how complexes of memes that initially exist outside our selves can appropriate our resources after becoming attached (mind viruswoke virus). Metaphor helps us to understanding new phenomena by scaffolding new information on concepts that are already understood, but we need to be cognizant of the probability that the new phenomena also differ from the metaphoric concept in some ways. While mind viruses are like physical viruses in that they can only propagate from inside a host, as non-physical agents they avoid the limitations of proximity required by their natural world cousins.

With respect to your second question, I hope that psychologists do not descend to prescribing set piece rituals. While I believe that we as human beings benefit from ritual, and we may suggest clients consider enacting a meaningful ritual in a given situation, it would be unethical to prescribe any specific ritual. Grieving, in this example, is not the ritual; it is the culturally mandated practices associated with grieving that are ritualized. Psychologists need to be able to transcend such practices. For example, I have helped individuals who have been unable, for psychological reasons, to attend funerals of loved one by assisting them to identify individualized alternatives. Our project is to transcend both ritual and culture where necessary for the well-being of the individual by helping our clients choose from menus of new possibilities.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Dr. Robertson.

References

Robertson, L. H. (2016). Self-Mapping in Counselling: Using Memetic Maps to Enhance Client Reflectivity and Therapeutic Efficacy. Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy, 50(3), 332-347.

Robertson, L. H. (2017). The infected self: Revisiting the metaphor of the mind virus. Theory & Psychology, 27(3): 354-368.

Robertson, L.H., & McFadden, R.C. (2018). Graphing the Self: An Application of Graph Theory to Memetic Self-mapping in Psycotherapy. International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences, 7(1), 34-58. doi: 10.17583/rimcis.2018.3078

Citation: Robertson, L. H. (2021). Year of the virus: Understanding the contagion effects of wokism. In-sight, 26(B). Retrieved from https://in-sightjournal.com/2021/02/22/wokism/

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing and Question Time by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com and https://medium.com/question-time

Copyright 

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and Question Time 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and Question Time with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.  All interviewees co-copyright their interview material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Indian Logics, Nāgārjuna, Gottlob Frege and Peter Geach, and the PNC and the PEM: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: June 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,073

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

From the professional website for Professor Priest: “Graham Priest grew up as a working class kid in South London. He read mathematics and (and a little bit of logic) at St. John’s College, Cambridge. He obtained his doctorate in mathematics at the London School of Economics. By that time, he had come to the conclusion that philosophy was more fun than mathematics. So, luckily, he got his first job (in 1974) in a philosophy department, as a temporary lecturer in the Department of Logic and Metaphysics at the University of St Andrews. The first permanent job he was offered was at the University of Western Australia. He moved to Australia when he took up the position, and has spent most of his working life there. After 12 years at the University of Western Australia, he moved to take up the chair of philosophy at the University of Queensland, and after 12 years there, he moved again to take up the Boyce Gibson Chair of Philosophy at Melbourne University, where he is now emeritus. While he was there, he was a Fellow of Ormond College. During the Melbourne years, he was also an Arché Professorial Fellow at the University of St Andrews. He is a past president of the Australasian Association for Logic, and the Australasian Association of Philosophy, of which he was Chair of Council for 13 years. He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Humanities in 1995, and awarded a Doctor of Letters by the University of Melbourne in 2002. In 2009 he took up the position of Distinguished Professor at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, where he now lives and works. Graham has published in nearly every leading logic and philosophy journal. At the last count, he had published about 240 papers. He has also published six monographs (mostly with Oxford University Press), as well as a number of edited collections. Much of his work has been in logic, especially non-classical logic, and related areas. He is perhaps best know for his work on dialetheism, the view that some contradictions are true. However, he has also published widely in many other areas, such as metaphysics, Buddhist philosophy, and the history of philosophy, both East and West. Graham has travelled widely, lecturing and addressing conferences in every continent except Antarctica. For many years, he practiced karatedo. He is a third dan in Shobukai, and a fourth dan in Shitoryu (awarded by the head of style, Sensei Mabuni Kenei in Osaka, when he was training there). Before he left Australia he was an Australian National kumite referee  and kata judge. Nowadays, he swims and practices taichi. He loves (good operajazz , and 60s rock … and East Asian art.” He discusses: Indian logics; Buddhist tradition; against dialetheism; Gottlob Frege and Peter Geach; the traditional splits between realists and the anti-realists, and the idealists and the constructivist; most significant developments from this challenge to the Aristotelian logic; upcoming projects.

Keywords: Dialetheism, Gottlob Frege, Graham Priest, logicians, Nāgārjuna, paraconsistency, Peter Geach, philosophy, Principle of the Excluded Middle, Principle of Non-Contradiction.

Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Indian Logics, Nāgārjuna, Gottlob Frege and Peter Geach, and the PNC and the PEM: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (4)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: In ancient Indian logics, there were four possibilities: true, false, both true and false, and neither true nor false. How does this mesh well with the dialethetic approach to knowing?

Professor Graham Priest[1],[2]: Well, it’s not quite as simple as that. Views on the truth values differed an Ancient India. The Hindu Nyāyā philosophers held that there were just two (true and false), as did some of the later Buddhist philosophers, such as Dharmakīrti and Dignāga. Earlier Buddhist philosophers held that there were four (true, false, both, and neither). (This is the catuṣkoṭi.) Jain philosophers held that there were seven! (This was the saptabhaṅgī.) One of these was indescribable. Whether this was a form of both or neither is unclear.

However, any view which holds that some things are both true and false accommodates dialetheism.

Jacobsen: The Mahayana Buddhist tradition through Nagarjuna states all is real and not real, both real and not real, and neither real nor not real. Why is this a statement about the world rather than a mystical incantation about some ineffable property?

Priest: Well, interpreting Nāgārjuna is a vexed question—both within Buddhist traditions and amongst modern scholars. And it is not clear how this passage is best interpreted. But it is standard in Buddhist thought that there are two realities (satyas). There is the conventional reality of the world as we actually experience it, and the ultimate reality of how things actually are. Probably the best interpretation of this passage is that some thing can be real (conventionally), not real (ultimately), both real (conventionally) and not real (ultimately), and neither real (ultimately) nor not real (conventionally). All rather mundane, I’m afraid.

Jacobsen: Why are arguments against dialetheism focused on negations? Any examples?

Priest: Well, a dialetheia is a pair of statements of the form A and ~A. There isn’t much to focus on except negation! Some people have argued that the truth of ~A rules out the truth of A, as a matter of definition. Clearly, such an argument is question-begging and worthless.

Jacobsen: How would you properly respond to them?

Priest: See the previous question. More generally, how negation works and what properties it has been controversial throughout the history of Western philosophy/logic—and no more than now.

Jacobsen: Gottlob Frege and Peter Geach argued, I think, the rejection of X means the acceptance of ~X. Why is the adjoining not necessarily correct or so obvious to bring together?

Priest: Yes, they did, though note that rejection is not the same as negation. Negation is on operation that applies to a sentence and delivers a sentence with different content. Assertion and denial are actions you perform with a sentence. But even without worrying about dialetheism, the Frege/Geach view is clearly false. One often finds that one’s views are inconsistent in a way that one hadn’t realised. (It’s common in a discussion of any complexity.) One discovers that one asserts A and ~A. In the second assertion, one is clearly not denying A. That is, after all, what one accepts (until one changes one’s views). Once one brings dialetheism into the picture, matters become even more obvious. I assert that the liar sentence is true and I assert that the liar sentence is not true. In the latter assertion I am obviously not denying that it is true; for that is exactly what I think it is.

Jacobsen: Given some of the prior commentary, how do paraconsistent thinkers – ahem – think about the traditional splits between realists and the anti-realists, and the idealists and the constructivist?

Priest: Well, dialetheism is neutral on this question. It says that some contradictions are true. It says nothing about whether truth is to be construed realistically or anti-realistically. As far as paraconsistent logic goes, there are many of these. Perhaps some are more realism-friendly, and some are more antirealism-friendly—though this depends on how you think these metaphysical views play out logically. Thus, for example, suppose you think (misguidedly, I believe) that the Principle of Excluded Middle is characteristic of realism, and its failure is characteristic of anti-realism. There are both paraconsistent logics with and paraconsistent logics without the PEM.

Jacobsen: What have been the most significant developments from this challenge to the Aristotelian logic notions or interpretations of meaningfulness, validity, rationality, and truth?

Priest: Well, oddly enough, this changes virtually everything, and virtually nothing. Because the PNC is a principle that has tightly circumscribed nearly everything in Western philosophy, removing it opens up a wide vista of new possible positions on nearly everything; from metaphysics to ethics to the philosophy of mind, to philosophical hermeneutics, to aesthetics. Actually, I think this is a rather exciting development in philosophy.

On the other hand, one thing we have learned is that giving up the PNC changes virtually nothing. All the old theories of meaning are still possible; validity can still be defined in terms of truth preservation, or specified in terms of a bunch of rules of inference; to be rational is still to ‘apportion your beliefs according to the evidence’ (as Hume put it); and all the old theories of truth are still available and viable—to whatever extent they were before. In a way, this all makes it even more puzzling as to why so many philosophers have felt that the sky would fall in if some contradictions were permissible.

Jacobsen: Finally, any upcoming projects or books, or other paraconsistent philosophers for others to look into – plug, plug?

Priest: The book I currently in the process of writing is on socio-political philosophy, and has nothing to do with paraconsistency or dialetheism (or, more generally logic and metaphysics). After that, I have in mind a book on nothingness, which will certainly deploy paraconsistency and dialetheism.

There is so much written on paraconsistent logic now, that it is a long time since I have been able to keep track of it all. Even the literature on dialetheism is now so large that I’m not aware of all the things that are happening. So let me just flag one book in press. This is coming out with Oxford University Press, hopefully later this year. It’s written by Yasuo Deguchi, Jay Garfield, Bob Sharf, and myself. It’s called Whereof one Cannot Speak, and it’s on dialetheism in East Asian philosophy—mainly Chinese and Japanese Buddhism.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Professor Priest.

Priest: You’re welcome.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, Graduate Center, City University of New York (2009-Present).

[2] Individual Publication Date: June 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-4; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Indian Logics, Nāgārjuna, Gottlob Frege and Peter Geach, and the PNC and the PEM: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (4) [Online]. June 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-4.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, June 22). Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Indian Logics, Nāgārjuna, Gottlob Frege and Peter Geach, and the PNC and the PEM: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (4). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-4.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Indian Logics, Nāgārjuna, Gottlob Frege and Peter Geach, and the PNC and the PEM: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (4). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, June. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-4>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Indian Logics, Nāgārjuna, Gottlob Frege and Peter Geach, and the PNC and the PEM: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-4.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Indian Logics, Nāgārjuna, Gottlob Frege and Peter Geach, and the PNC and the PEM: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (June 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-4.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Indian Logics, Nāgārjuna, Gottlob Frege and Peter Geach, and the PNC and the PEM: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-4>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Indian Logics, Nāgārjuna, Gottlob Frege and Peter Geach, and the PNC and the PEM: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-4.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Indian Logics, Nāgārjuna, Gottlob Frege and Peter Geach, and the PNC and the PEM: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): June. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-4>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Indian Logics, Nāgārjuna, Gottlob Frege and Peter Geach, and the PNC and the PEM: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (4) [Internet]. (2021, June 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-4.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links June be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and June disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Paraconsistency and Dialetheism, Explosion, Aristotelian Laws of Logic, and Explosions Reframed: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: June 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,163

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

From the professional website for Professor Priest: “Graham Priest grew up as a working class kid in South London. He read mathematics and (and a little bit of logic) at St. John’s College, Cambridge. He obtained his doctorate in mathematics at the London School of Economics. By that time, he had come to the conclusion that philosophy was more fun than mathematics. So, luckily, he got his first job (in 1974) in a philosophy department, as a temporary lecturer in the Department of Logic and Metaphysics at the University of St Andrews. The first permanent job he was offered was at the University of Western Australia. He moved to Australia when he took up the position, and has spent most of his working life there. After 12 years at the University of Western Australia, he moved to take up the chair of philosophy at the University of Queensland, and after 12 years there, he moved again to take up the Boyce Gibson Chair of Philosophy at Melbourne University, where he is now emeritus. While he was there, he was a Fellow of Ormond College. During the Melbourne years, he was also an Arché Professorial Fellow at the University of St Andrews. He is a past president of the Australasian Association for Logic, and the Australasian Association of Philosophy, of which he was Chair of Council for 13 years. He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Humanities in 1995, and awarded a Doctor of Letters by the University of Melbourne in 2002. In 2009 he took up the position of Distinguished Professor at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, where he now lives and works. Graham has published in nearly every leading logic and philosophy journal. At the last count, he had published about 240 papers. He has also published six monographs (mostly with Oxford University Press), as well as a number of edited collections. Much of his work has been in logic, especially non-classical logic, and related areas. He is perhaps best know for his work on dialetheism, the view that some contradictions are true. However, he has also published widely in many other areas, such as metaphysics, Buddhist philosophy, and the history of philosophy, both East and West. Graham has travelled widely, lecturing and addressing conferences in every continent except Antarctica. For many years, he practiced karatedo. He is a third dan in Shobukai, and a fourth dan in Shitoryu (awarded by the head of style, Sensei Mabuni Kenei in Osaka, when he was training there). Before he left Australia he was an Australian National kumite referee  and kata judge. Nowadays, he swims and practices taichi. He loves (good operajazz , and 60s rock … and East Asian art.” He discusses: Classical logic; the Laws of Logic; the contemporary dialetheic movement; Western philosophy; a dialetheism situation; a dialetheist view; dialetheism and paraconsistency; paraconsistent thinking; a paraconsistent logician and a classical logician come to common ground; and both classical logics and paraconsistent logics.

Keywords: Aristotle, Dialetheism, Explosion, Graham Priest, logicians, paraconsistency, philosophy, Principle of Non-Contradiction.

Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Paraconsistency and Dialetheism, Explosion, Aristotelian Laws of Logic, and Explosions Reframed: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (3)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Thank you for the first and second parts to the interview. Let’s begin on some of the more substantive areas of analysis for the paraconsistent logicians. It appears to be a minority position within the professional philosophical community, but it is growing for 40 years, as you noted. Although, it may garner some more attention in form within other domains of discourse and representation, where “representation” comes to mean “modes of thought, i.e., without systematic presentation.” Something akin to the logic one might see in some Buddhist philosophy, not an original point. In Part Two, you mention the “high orthodoxy in Western philosophy.” How was this orthodoxy of Western philosophy with the Principle of Non-Contradiction locked into the Western philosophical tradition? Who are the culprits?

Professor Graham Priest[1],[2]: Well, ‘culprit’ is not really the right word, and you need to distinguish between paraconsistency and dialetheism. A logic is paraconsistent if, according to it, it is not the case that everything follows from a contradiction (The principle that everything follows from a contradiction is now usually called by the name Explosion.) As anyone familiar with the history of logic knows, theories of what follows from what have appeared and disappeared in Western philosophy. The earliest such theories were produced by Aristotle and the Stoics. Aristotle’s logic (Syllogistic) was paraconsistent. (He points this out himself.) And as far as we can tell, so was Stoic logic. (We have less documentary evidence of that.) Again as far as we know, Explosion surfaces in Western logic in 12th Century France. Thereafter it appears in various guises in Medieval theories of logic. Virually all of Medieval logic is forgotten with the rise of Humanism, and we are back to Aristotelian logic (and so Paraconsistency) for about the next 400 years. Matters change again around the turn of the 20th century when so called classical logic was invented by Frege, Russell, and others. According to this logic, Explosion is valid. Classical logic became, and still is, the orthodox logical theory of our day. But from its inception, various of its aspects were regarded by a number of logicians as problematic. So we have seen the flourishing of many so called non-classical logics. Modern paraconsistent logics are one kind of non-classical logic, and were developed independently in several different countries (indeed, continents) around the 1960s and 1970s. Since then, they have been developed and studied intensively by many logicians

Dialetheism is quite different. Dialetheism is the view that some contradictions are true. A number of philosophers before Aristotle were dialetheists. We know that because Aristotle himself tells us so. In a famous passage in his Metaphysics, he takes them in his sights, and defends the claim that no contradictions are true—the Principle of Non-Contradiction (PNC). That text really entrenched the PNC in Western philosophy—so much so that no philosopher after him seems to have felt the need to argue for it. There have been some dissenting voices—Hegel is the most obvious; but it is fair to say that the PNC has been high orthodoxy since Aristotle. That’s rather strange, because Aristotle’s arguments are pretty bad. The longest is so tangled that it is hard to know how it’s supposed to work, let alone that it works. And the others are clearly arguing for something else. (Aristotle appears confused.) This, incidentally, is pretty much the standard view of modern Aristotle scholars. The success of Aristotle’s arguments seems to have been more the result of his magisterial authority in the Middle Ages, than of their cogency. Of course, nearly everything Aristotle wrote has been rejected, or at least seriously problematised, since he wrote. The PNC is something of the last bastion of Aristotle’s thought, and it is only in the last 40 or 50 years, with the development of modern dialetheism, that its shaky grounds have finally been exposed.

Jacobsen: Why have Western philosophers, almost as a matter of course or even of faith, taken on the patrilineal intellectual descent of Aristotle on the Laws of Logic? Is it convenience, not questioning, the way education has developed over centuries, etc.?

Priest: As I explained in the previous question. Aristotelian logic was overthrown when classical logic replaced Syllogistic. The question is better asked about the PNC. As I observed in the last answer, Aristotle’s view about everything else have now been overthrown, or at least seriously challenged. Why is the PNC the last of these? I don’t know. Something has to be last. In general, philosophers, as a collective body, are pretty good at challenging each other’s views. Though there is always a tendency to interpret historical philosophers in such a way as to make them fit in to current ideas. This tends to engender conservativity.

Jacobsen: What sparked this revolution 40 years ago as a formal departure, in larger numbers rather than with a single thinker, from more than 2,000 years of philosophical history and thought about the principles of thought seen in the Laws of Logic inclusive of the Principle of Non-Contradiction?

Priest: You have to understand the revolution that occurred in logic at the turn of the 20th century. This was not just a time when classical logic replaced Syllogistic. It was a time when the tools of mathematics (algebra, formal rigor, etc) had developed to a point where they could be applied to logical theorising. For some time, it was simply assumed that the applications of these techniques delivered classical logic. They do not: they can be equally applied to develop a whole host of non-classical logics, including paraconsistent logics. And the viability of paraconsistent logics undercut many of the conservative knee jerk reactions against the LNC. Without these developments in logic, I don’t think the contemporary dialetheic movement would have been possible.

Jacobsen: On Explosion or ex falso sequitur quodlibet, the paraconsistent nature of the statements, as shown or given in Part Two. What does this mean for centuries of Western philosophical and, in fact, religious-theological thought, by which I mean systems of thinking applied to their standard domains? How might paraconsistent theories begin to envelope more and more of science, e.g., areas of emerging science and mathematics?

Priest: Well, for the most part of the history of Western philosophy, logic has been taken to be paraconsistent, as I explained. Dialetheism is a different matter. It has been assumed that contradictions are always unacceptable. That assumption has to go. That certainly opens up new possibilities, but not as much as one might think. In many cases, to accept an area as contradictory would be entirely ad hoc, and not rationally justified.

If inconsistent theories ever come to be accepted in science, I think it will be because a piece of paraconsistent mathematics (of which there are now many, and a growing number, of kinds) seems to give exactly the right predications. This does not mean that the predictions themselves are contradictory. The contradiction could be buried deep in the heart of theory, or about things which are entirely unobservable.

Jacobsen: Are there any examples in American legal history in which a dialetheism situation came forward to amusing effect, in hindsight? For a South African example, one “Coloured” (South African term for mixed black-and-white race person) comedian, Trevor Noah, notes being “born a crime” because of mixed-race heritage in Apartheid South Africa.

Priest: I’m afraid I don’t know enough about the legal history of the US (or of any other country, for that matter) to answer this question.

Jacobsen: To the implied question in the statement, “Of course, the truth if these particular contradictions depends on the philosophical views in question being correct.” Are these aforementioned philosophical views correct?

Priest: Every philosophical view is contentious—almost by definition. In that way, dialetheism is no different from any other philosophical view. And one may hold a dialetheic view about many different subjects: the paradoxes of self-reference, motion, law, vagueness, the limits of language, the ground of reality. One might well be a dialetheist about some of these things and not others. I have argued for a dialetheist view about all of these things, so I take these views to be correct. But I think it is fair to say that dialetheism about any topic is still a minority view.

Jacobsen: Why is the shift in thinking about logic second and a theory first important when considering dialetheism? The theory of dialetheism as a motivator for paraconsistent logic to evolve, naturally, for reasons apart from the dialetheism itself. Is this more a sensibility and a philosophical approach than something formal and rigid? Alan Watts’ goo compared to prickles.

Priest: Well, dialetheism and paraconsistency are both theories. One is a theory about truth; the other is a theory about validity (what follows from what). In truth, all we ever have are theories about these things. Some theories may achieve consensus for periods of time; but all are fallible, and what is accepted can change over time. As I have said, contemporary dialetheism would not have got off the ground without developments in paraconsistent logic. But dialetheism also provides a reason for taking a paraconsistent account of validity seriously. There is, then, a dialectical interplay between the two. In fact, if one’s eyes are open to it, one can see that such a dialectical interplay between logic and metaphysics is a feature of the history of Western philosophy.

Jacobsen: Could “Reasoners,” perhaps, be more aptly stated as “Parareasoners”? In that, human beings, given forms of paraconsistent thinking, are more naturally leaning on paraconsistent theories (and the subsequent logic) than classical logic and classical thinking.

Priest: Well, ordinary reasoners don’t tend to accept that a contradiction entails everything; and as experimental philosophy has shown, many “ordinary people” are quite happy to accept contradictions sometimes—for example about situations in the borderline area of a vague predicate. But we also know from studies in cognitive psychology (if we didn’t know this anyway!) that people often reason badly; and indeed, that they make systematic mistakes. So nothing much follows from that. Logic is not about how people actually reason. That’s a topic for psychologists. Logic is about the norms of correct reasoning, and what those are has to be fought out in philosophical debate.

Jacobsen: When can a paraconsistent logician and a classical logician come to common ground with a reductio ad absurdum? Can you give an example?

Priest: There are many different paraconsistent logics. However, for the most part, they agree on the fact that classical logic (as expressed with its usual connectives) is correct in consistent situations. Thus, for example, no one has every found it plausible to suggest that Euclidean Geometry, or Group Theory is inconsistent. So classical logic seems fine there

Reductio ad absurdum can be formulated in many different, and sometimes non-equivalent, ways. Here is one standard form: Assume A, together with some other things. Establish that a contradiction follows. Conclude that ~A, whilst maintaining the other things. This is a valid classical form of inference. Hence a paraconsistent logician may be quite happy with it in consistent contexts/theories

The crucial question then becomes: when is it reasonable to suppose that a context/theory is consistent? Much philosophical discussion has gone into that question. But assuming that consistency is pretty much the norm, it seems plausible to accept that a theory/context is consistent unless and until one has specific reason to doubt this. If one is found, then one may have to go back and reevaluate matters; but that is nothing that would seem unreasonable if one is, quite generally, a fallibilist.

In fact, this whole idea can be used to frame formal non-monotonic paraconsistent logics which coincide with classical logic in consistent situations. (An intensive study of such logics has been made by the Belgian logician Diderik Batens and his school in Gent. He calls them Adaptive Logics.) This is not the place to go into the technical details.

Jacobsen: Do philosophical theories or logics exist incorporative of both classical logics and paraconsistent logics?

Priest: Yes, this may be done in different ways. In answer to the last question I explained one way.

Another is as follows. Paraconsistent logics and classical logics tend to agree with each other (though not invariably) when it comes to logical operators other than negation. So one may have a logic which behaves as usual for these, but which has two negation symbols. One behaves classically (“Boolean negation”); one behaves paraconsistently. Such logics can be used for many paraconsistent purposes, but not, for example, for handling the paradoxes of self-reference. Standard semantic and set-theoretic principles deliver a contradiction which uses Boolean negation, and so everything follows.

The question then becomes: which is the “real” negation?  It is not at all clear what this question means, or how to go about answering it. There has been a good deal of debate amongst logicians—paraconsistent and otherwise—about this matter. But, again, here is not the place to go into the matter.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, Graduate Center, City University of New York (2009-Present).

[2] Individual Publication Date: June 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-3; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Paraconsistency and Dialetheism, Explosion, Aristotelian Laws of Logic, and Explosions Reframed: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (3) [Online]. June 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-3.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, June 15). Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Paraconsistency and Dialetheism, Explosion, Aristotelian Laws of Logic, and Explosions Reframed: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (3). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-3.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Paraconsistency and Dialetheism, Explosion, Aristotelian Laws of Logic, and Explosions Reframed: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (3). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, June. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-3>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Paraconsistency and Dialetheism, Explosion, Aristotelian Laws of Logic, and Explosions Reframed: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-3.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Paraconsistency and Dialetheism, Explosion, Aristotelian Laws of Logic, and Explosions Reframed: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (June 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-3.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Paraconsistency and Dialetheism, Explosion, Aristotelian Laws of Logic, and Explosions Reframed: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-3>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Paraconsistency and Dialetheism, Explosion, Aristotelian Laws of Logic, and Explosions Reframed: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-3.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Paraconsistency and Dialetheism, Explosion, Aristotelian Laws of Logic, and Explosions Reframed: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): June. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-3>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Paraconsistency and Dialetheism, Explosion, Aristotelian Laws of Logic, and Explosions Reframed: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (3) [Internet]. (2021, June 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-3.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links June be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and June disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Abortion, Relational Ethical Quandaries, and Mothers: Member, World Genius Directory (10)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: June 8, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 858

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) is a Member of the World Genius Directory. He discusses: abortion; the 20th and 21st century; ethical views; ethical premises about abortion; the father; religion and abortion; and secular worldviews and religion.

Keywords: abortion, Anthony Sepulveda, mother, relationships.

Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Abortion, Relational Ethical Quandaries, and Mothers: Member, World Genius Directory (10)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Abortion, what is it, historically?

Anthony Sepulveda (Brown)[1],[2]*: The act of terminating pregnancy.

Jacobsen: What is it now, in the latter 20th century and early 21st century?

Sepulveda (Brown): The same act, if conducted under significantly safer conditions.

Jacobsen: What ethical views seem the most relevant for this subject matter?

Sepulveda (Brown): For many, abortion is no different from murder. Made all the more heinous because they equate the fetus to a healthy, living child. They are mistaken insofar as a developing fetus is not so different from any other arrangement of human cells. If anyone is so passionate about the sanctity of such minute issues, they’d have to express themselves towards all behaviour that could be considered sadistic or masochistic if they didn’t want to seem hypocritical.

Jacobsen: What ethical premises seem the most important to consider regarding the gamete cells of the father, the mother, then the zygote, the blastocyst, and the foetus?

Sepulveda (Brown): It’s most important to reduce the overall suffering of all parties involved once aborting the pregnancy has been deemed necessary. Often, abortions are conducted well before the infant is capable of living outside the womb or even feeling pain. In those cases, the only ones who truly suffer are the parents involved. Once the pregnancy has developed beyond a certain point, the birthing process is induced and the child is put into protective custody.

In Tango’s case, there was one major complication – her husband. He is not a rational man and there’s no way she could hold everything together with him in the picture. Years ago he threatened my life for simply speaking to her. So I could only imagine how far he’d go if he learned someone else had impregnated her.

It was so hard for me to tell her to, in her eyes, kill her child. I knew how hard she was willing to work to give it a good life. But I knew she’d never consider cutting her husband out of their child’s life; that’d be to cruel an option in her eyes. So, I told her the truth – either everyone suffers or just the three of us will (Tango, myself and the photographer). Thankfully, she chose the latter.

Jacobsen: What ethical premises seem the most important to consider regarding the father, whether part of a relationship with the mother or a sperm donor?

Sepulveda (Brown): Most consideration is given to the mother as she has to physically carry the child and her role as parent is certain. In comparison, fatherhood can be doubted for obvious reasons. There are some arguments that men should have some say in what happens. But while it would be fair to let them voice their opinions, I believe that the final decision should be up to the mother.

In the case of sperm donors, they should have absolutely no say in what happens.

Jacobsen: What ethical premises seem the most important to consider regarding the mother?

Sepulveda (Brown): Her highest priorities are her health and safety.

Jacobsen: What ethical premises seem the most important to consider regarding the type of relationship status of the mother?

Sepulveda (Brown): Any consequences to someone’s relationships shouldn’t matter in comparison to the suffering of those involved. To love someone is to want them to be happy, no matter what it takes. It requires you to be humble enough to accept your position in their life and pursue what’s best for them anyway.

To those reading – please don’t judge anyone you know who’s either been through or is going through this process. Rarely is it a casual option. So just keep your mouth shut and support them as much as you can.

Jacobsen: How do different religions view abortion?

Sepulveda (Brown): Many consider the act to be an abhorrent sin for which those who’ve committed it will be punished for eternity.

Tango is one such person. And when she expressed that belief, there was nothing I could do to disprove her religious views. Which I wouldn’t have done if I could because I knew how important her faith is for her. Instead, I tried to assure her that no loving God or reasonable person would judge her unfairly. And I promised her that every year we’d take some time to pray to her child and tell it how things were going so that if our day of judgement comes, God and her child could make an informed decision.

Despite how things went, I intend to keep that promise.

Jacobsen: What about secular (agnostics, atheists, humanists, etc.) people who are “Pro-Life,” so the same or similar views minus the transcendent justification or argument for the views?

Sepulveda (Brown): Their arguments are more reasonable, insofar as they’re grounded here in objective reality. But their views aren’t as logically valid as they think. Beyond the argument about suffering I made above, Judith Jarvis Thomson developed an excellent counterargument that I recently learned about in the video Abortion and Ben Shapiro by Philosophy Tube. It would take me longer to explain here than watch, so I’d highly recommend it to anyone interested in the subject.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, World Genius Directory.

[2] Individual Publication Date: June 8, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Sepulveda-10; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Abortion, Relational Ethical Quandaries, and Mothers: Member, World Genius Directory (10) [Online]. June 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-10.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, June 1). Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Abortion, Relational Ethical Quandaries, and Mothers: Member, World Genius Directory (10)Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-10.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Abortion, Relational Ethical Quandaries, and Mothers: Member, World Genius Directory (10). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, June. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-10>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Abortion, Relational Ethical Quandaries, and Mothers: Member, World Genius Directory (10).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-10.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Abortion, Relational Ethical Quandaries, and Mothers: Member, World Genius Directory (10).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (June 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-10.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Abortion, Relational Ethical Quandaries, and Mothers: Member, World Genius Directory (10)In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-10>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Abortion, Relational Ethical Quandaries, and Mothers: Member, World Genius Directory (10)In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-10.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Abortion, Relational Ethical Quandaries, and Mothers: Member, World Genius Directory (10).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): June. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-10>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Anthony Sepulveda (Brown) on Abortion, Relational Ethical Quandaries, and Mothers: Member, World Genius Directory (10) [Internet]. (2021, June 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sepulveda-10.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links June be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and June disseminate for their independent purposes.

Ask Dr. Robertson 17: The Era of Personality Disorder Diagnosis

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Interviewee: Dr. Lloyd Hawkeye Robertson

Numbering: Issue 5: The Age of Experts

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: Question Time

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: June 4, 2021

Issue Publication Date: January 1, 2022

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: One Time Per Year

Words: 728

Keywords: counselling psychology, Lloyd Hawkeye Robertson, psychology, self-esteem.

Dr. Lloyd Hawkeye Robertson is a Registered Doctoral Psychologist with expertise in Counselling Psychology, Educational Psychology, and Human Resource Development. He earned qualifications in Social Work too. Duly note, he has five postsecondary degrees, of which 3 are undergraduate level. His research interests include memes as applied to self-knowledge, the evolution of religion and spirituality, the aboriginal self’s structure, residential school syndrome, prior learning recognition and assessment, and the treatment of attention deficit disorder and suicide ideation. In addition, he works in anxiety and trauma, addictions, and psycho-educational assessment, and relationship, family, and group counselling.

Here we talk about self-esteem, psychology, old articles, and socio-psychological phenomena.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: We have commented briefly on “The Age of Psychology,” “Epidemic of Low Self-Esteem,” “Crazy Making in Our Communities,” “schizophrenia,” “From Lloydminster to Lenningrad,” and religious fundamentalism. It has been a small bit since the commentary. What are some developments on the views there for you?

Dr. Lloyd Hawkeye Robertson: You certainly delved into my personal ancient history for this question, Scott. “The Age of Psychology” was the first column I wrote prior to the millennium for the now defunct newspaper The Northerner. My intent was to show how pervasive applied psychology is in our lives, for both good and ill. I do not think that has fundamentally changed in the intervening decades. You have actually linked six articles I wrote from that era, and I am guessing that you see them connected in some way. I think they all relate to how we interpret the world, creating and maintaining our worldviews.

My views on the “epidemic” of self-esteem have become more nuanced since I wrote that article. While low self-esteem continues to be an issue often confronted by counselling psychologists, and I continue to recommend that parents find the good and positive in their children, the “epidemic” label has led people to become afraid of giving balanced and constructive feedback. This has resulted in a disconnect between subjective and objective reality. For example, U.S. students typically score higher on measures of mathematical self-concept as compared to Chinese students but the Chinese students score higher on measures of mathematical achievement. The result is that many U.S. Americans do not know what they do not know, but they think they are doing just fine – not cognisant that they are being outclassed by the Chinese.

In North America we have witnessed grade inflation to maintain student self-esteem. In an example of this, I case-conferenced with a teacher to discuss reading problems with his adult upgrading class in a northern community college. “But they all have marks in language arts above 80%,” I said. “I know,” he replied, “I helped them get good marks by reading the questions to them and by helping them with their answers”

The teacher said that about a third of his students were functionally illiterate, and he wanted to know what he could do to help them. I suggested he could begin by giving honest feedback. Students need to know their strengths and weaknesses so that they can dedicate their efforts to overcoming those weaknesses. This unfortunate teacher sensed that for these students it was already too late – that they did not have the skills to handle such constructive feedback.

The flip-side of the over-zealous application of the self-esteem movement is mental fragility. Students have been taught that they can be whatever they want to be, but the self that is then created is fragile. Sooner or later reality impinges on illusions. We now have the word “micro-aggression” to describe and defend against that experience. When someone, usually inadvertently, says or does something to challenge a fragile worldview, the fragile self at the core is taught to feel the experience as a micro-aggression. Lashing out with defensive anger and hatred, they demand apologies, community censorship, even firings. If these demands are met they feel vindicated with their fragile selves affirmed.

The other four articles you referenced, Scott, all have to do with how people create and enforce dysfunctional realities. “Crazy making” describes a woman who, after being convinced by an abusive family and community that she was crazy, began displaying symptoms of schizophrenia. “Schizophrenia” describes a common reverse process – people who actually suffer from the disease refusing to take their medication because they believe that they no longer have the condition. “Lloydminster to Leningrad” describes the ways two racists, separated by distance and time, held on to their anti-Semitic beliefs in the face of evidence. “Fundamentalism” describes how a religious congregation attempted to shut down La Ronge’s only bookstore for carrying the wrong kind of books.

As a society we made considerable progress in combating racism, supporting people with mental health problems, and in promoting free speech and the diversity of ideas. I fear a new dark age where society is being re-racialized through identity politics, gaslighting is occurring at a societal scale to challenge our ability to think objectively, and authors and academics are being “de-platformed” so their ideas cannot be heard.

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In-Sight Publishing and Question Time by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com and https://medium.com/question-time

Copyright 

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and Question Time 2012-2022. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and Question Time with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.  All interviewees co-copyright their interview material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Dialetheism, Truth, True Paradoxes, and Metaphilosophy: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: June 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,294

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

From the professional website for Professor Priest: “Graham Priest grew up as a working class kid in South London. He read mathematics and (and a little bit of logic) at St. John’s College, Cambridge. He obtained his doctorate in mathematics at the London School of Economics. By that time, he had come to the conclusion that philosophy was more fun than mathematics. So, luckily, he got his first job (in 1974) in a philosophy department, as a temporary lecturer in the Department of Logic and Metaphysics at the University of St Andrews. The first permanent job he was offered was at the University of Western Australia. He moved to Australia when he took up the position, and has spent most of his working life there. After 12 years at the University of Western Australia, he moved to take up the chair of philosophy at the University of Queensland, and after 12 years there, he moved again to take up the Boyce Gibson Chair of Philosophy at Melbourne University, where he is now emeritus. While he was there, he was a Fellow of Ormond College. During the Melbourne years, he was also an Arché Professorial Fellow at the University of St Andrews. He is a past president of the Australasian Association for Logic, and the Australasian Association of Philosophy, of which he was Chair of Council for 13 years. He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Humanities in 1995, and awarded a Doctor of Letters by the University of Melbourne in 2002. In 2009 he took up the position of Distinguished Professor at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, where he now lives and works. Graham has published in nearly every leading logic and philosophy journal. At the last count, he had published about 240 papers. He has also published six monographs (mostly with Oxford University Press), as well as a number of edited collections. Much of his work has been in logic, especially non-classical logic, and related areas. He is perhaps best know for his work on dialetheism, the view that some contradictions are true. However, he has also published widely in many other areas, such as metaphysics, Buddhist philosophy, and the history of philosophy, both East and West. Graham has travelled widely, lecturing and addressing conferences in every continent except Antarctica. For many years, he practiced karatedo. He is a third dan in Shobukai, and a fourth dan in Shitoryu (awarded by the head of style, Sensei Mabuni Kenei in Osaka, when he was training there). Before he left Australia he was an Australian National kumite referee  and kata judge. Nowadays, he swims and practices taichi. He loves (good operajazz , and 60s rock … and East Asian art.” He discusses: dialetheism; the nature of truth; the construction of formal logic; some classic examples of formal logical statements with a dialetheism counterpart; the strengths and weaknesses of traditional logics, paraconsistent logics, and dialetheism-based logic; formal dialetheism; systems build on top of dialetheism; true paradoxes; philosophy and metaphilosophy; and the realm of metaphilosophy.

Keywords: Dialetheism, formal logic, Graham Priest, logic, metaphilosophy, paradox, philosophy.

Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Dialetheism, Truth, True Paradoxes, and Metaphilosophy: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (2)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Let’s step into dialetheism. What is it, fundamentally?

Professor Graham Priest[1],[2]: Contradictions are things of the form ‘it’s raining and it isn’t raining’, ‘I saw someone and I saw no one’. Melbourne could be in Australia and Melbourne couldn’t be in Australia’. A dialetheia is a contradiction that is true. And dialetheism is the view that there are such things.

Jacobsen: How does dialetheism change the discourse on the nature of truth?

Priest: There are many views in the history of philosophy about the nature of truth (that it is correspondence with reality, that it is what is verified by experience, and so on). Dialetheism does not change this discussion. In saying that some contradictions are true, ‘true’ can mean whatever you think it does. However, it has been high orthodoxy in Western philosophy that contradictions cannot be true (the Principle of Non-Contradiction). Aristotle locked the view into Western philosophy with what can only be described as poor arguments (as most modern scholars of Aristotle would agree). However, virtually all western philosophers have accepted it since then. (Arguably, there have been some exceptions, such as Hegel. But Hegel’s defenders tend to contest this.) Modern dialetheism is a view of the last forty years or so; and it is exactly the view that the Principle of Non-Contradiction is wrong.

Jacobsen: With statements as both true and false, how does this alter the construction of formal logic?

Priest: Let me keep this as simple as possible. Standard systems of logic are usually based on the assumption that statements are either true or false, not both, and not neither. They also have a notion of negation. The negation of ‘the sun is shining’ is ’the sun is not shining’. The negation of ‘all philosophers are happy’ is ‘some philosophers are not happy’, and so on. If A is some statement, logicians write its negation as ~A. And the standard assumption is that A is true if ~A is false, and A is false if ~A is true. This setup has various consequences. One is that if A is any sentence, ‘A or ~A’ is true. (A is either true or false, so one of these must hold). This is sometimes called the Principle of Excluded Middle.

Another is that ‘A and ~A’ is false (One or other of these must be false.) This is the Principle of Non-Contradiction.

Clearly, if some contradiction can indeed be true, the Principle of Non-Contradiction fails.

Other consequences of the standard set up are not so obvious. An inference is something of the form ‘So and so, therefore such and such’. The so and so is called the premise, and the such and such is called the conclusion. An inference is valid if whenever the premise is true, the conclusion must also be true. That is, it can’t be the case that the premise is true, and the conclusion isn’t. But given the Principle of Non-Contradiction, it can’t be the case that something of the form A and ~A is true. So whatever B is, it can’t be the case that A and ~A is true and B isn’t. In other words, any inference of the form ‘A and ~A , so B’ is valid. Everything follows validly from a contradiction! This fact is sometimes called by its medieval name, ex falso quodlibet sequitur. Modern logicians more often call it by another name, Explosion, since it says that once one’s information is inconsistent it explodes to deliver everything.

Now if ‘A and ~A’ can be true, it can be the case that ‘A and ~A’ is true, and B is not true. That is, Explosion is not valid. Modern logicians call systems of logic where Explosion is not valid paraconsistent (beyond the consistent).

Jacobsen: What are some classic examples of formal logical statements with a dialetheism counterpart with more sense made through dialetheism than with formal logic in traditional interpretations of the logic?

Priest: There are many of these—though, of course, they are all philosophically contentions, since dialetheism is too. The ones that most people think of first are those connected with the paradoxes of self-reference. The oldest of these is the liar paradox, a sentence that says of itself that it is false. If this sentence is true, it is false; and if it is false, it is true. So, it seems to be both. A structurally similar, but more modern, paradox is Russell’s paradox. Consider the set of all those sets that are not members of themselves. If this is a member of itself, then it’s not a member of itself. But if it isn’t, it is. So, it seems to be both a member of itself and not a member of itself.

Actually, I think that the most obvious examples of dialetheias concern legal situations. Suppose that a jurisdiction says that all people in class X can do such and such, and no person in class Y can do such and such. Things are perfectly consistent until and unless someone turns up who is in class X and class Y. Then, until the law is changed, that person can and can’t (legally) do such and such.

There are many other examples, but let me just give you one more. There are many philosophers whose views entail that that there are certain things that are ineffable—Kant (noumena), Nāgārjuna (ultimate reality), Wittgenstein (form, in the Tractatus, Heidegger (being)—and they explain why these things are so. Now, if they can do this, then these things must be effable as well. So, we have a contradiction. Of course, the truth of these particular contradictions depends on the philosophical views in question being correct.

Jacobsen: What are the strengths and weaknesses of traditional logics, paraconsistent logics, and dialetheism-based logic?

Priest: Firstly, the standard logic of our day was invented around the turn of the 20th century by Frege, Russell, and others, and is now called ‘classical logic’. Next, in the last 60 years, we have seen an explosion of non-classical logics, driven by many different considerations. Paraconsistent logics are just one class of these. Thirdly, dialetheism is not a kind of logic, but a theory about what kinds of things can be true. It naturally motivates a paraconsistent logic, but one might be motivated to endorse such a logic for reasons other than dialetheism.

The strength of paraconsistent logics is that they can handle inconsistent data, theories, or other information, without these blowing up in one’s face. Reasoners seem to do this quite naturally all the time. A weakness is that there do seem to be times when it is correct to reason in a way that is classically correct, but not so paraconsistently. The most obvious reasoning of this kind is when we reason by reductio ad absurdum. We assume something for the sake of argument, show that a contradiction follows, and conclude that the assumption was incorrect. A paraconsistent logician owes us an explanation of why this is kosher, when it is.

Jacobsen: If we take formal dialetheism system of ratiocination with the appropriate symbol systems (e.g., ¬, ˜, , ≡, , , !, , and so on), can you provide some formal samples of English sentences or statements, arguments inclusive of the previous sentences/statements as premises, and the dialetheism formal representative counterparts with English-based interpretations of the “dialetheism formal representative counterparts,” please?

Priest: Expressing things in a formal language makes things more precise, but it doesn’t really change matters of substance, so let’s stick to ordinary English. First, a valid inference is the following: if the premises are true, then so is the conclusion. Dialetheism affects what sorts of things might be true, but it doesn’t affect that understanding of validity. It means some of the premises of an inference can be false as well as true, but that does not affect validity. Consider an inference from ‘A and ~A’ so A. If ‘A and ~A’ is true, so is A; so, this inference is valid. It makes no difference if ‘A and ~A’ is false as well as true.

But this does raise the question of what interesting things might be proved from true contradictions. The place where that question has been most investigated is in the theory of sets. Let R be the set of all things that are not members of themselves (as in Russell’s Paradox). And let us suppose that it is, indeed, the case that R is a member of R and R is not a member of R. A number of very interesting consequences about sets follow from this. However, many of these involve technical aspects of the theory concerning, for example, higher orders of infinity. This is not the place to go into them.

Jacobsen: What systems build on top of dialetheism, or may build on top of dialetheism, to advance the research into the system of dialetheism-based logic?

Priest: Perhaps, the most obvious are theories where paradox lurks. Theories of truth and sets are clear examples, but there are others. There’s paradox called the sorites. If someone is sober, and consumes 1cc of alcohol, they are still sober. So, start with someone who is stone cold sober, if they consume 1cc of alcohol, they are still sober. So, if they consume another cc, they are still sober. So, if…. So, by the time they have consumed 500ccs (5 litres), they are still sober. That’s obviously false. You can construct a similar paradox with any predicate like ‘sober’, which is vague in a certain sense. How to handle this kind of paradox is highly contentious, but, certainly, there are dialetheic accounts. The idea is that between being sober and not being sober, there is a borderline area where a person is both sober and not sober.

But there are also theories where there are no standard paradoxes, but which allow for formulations where contradictions June arise. These include theories of topology, geometry, arithmetic. It would take several pages to go into these, so I forego this. Some theories in the history of science have used inconsistent mathematics. For example, the infinitesimal calculus from Newton and Leibniz till about the 19th century operated with a mathematics according to which infinitesimals were non-zero (at one point in a computation), and zero (at another). There are, as far as I know, no contemporary scientific theories using inconsistent mathematics. But we now have many new kinds of inconsistent mathematics, and, perhaps, some of these will find application in the future. After all, scientists will use any bit of mathematics appearing to deliver the right empirical results.

Jacobsen: Also, as you study paradoxes, what are true paradoxes in the fullest sense – no matter the system of logic applied, if such things exist?

Priest: I’m not really sure that I understand what you mean. However, there are many systems of logic—accounts of what follows from what. There is one in which nothing follows from anything. That is, for no A and B does A follow from B, in such a system of logic, you can’t establish anything. A fortiori, you can’t establish any paradoxes. Of course, that’s not a very interesting point. What we want to know is what can be established in the correct logic.

Jacobsen: What are philosophy and metaphilosophy?

Priest: The definition of ‘philosophy’ is a hard philosophical question, and there is no consensus as to the answer. I think that probably the best one can do is to give examples of the sorts of questions that philosophers discuss. Questions like: Is there a god? Is reality always mind-dependent? What is it to be conscious? What is it for an action to be good? How should one live? What is the best way to run the state? What makes something a work of art? How do we know any of these things?

The word ‘metaphilosophy’ is a relatively new one. Its meaning is somewhat vague, but, I guess, that a metaphilosophical issue is one that reflects on what philosophy is, and how it goes about its business. The question ‘what is philosophy?’ is a prime example. The term June be a new one, but metaphilosophical questions have always been an important part of philosophy. They are central to discussions in Plato, Hegel, Nietzsche, and Wittgenstein—to name just some of the more obvious philosophers who have engaged with such questions.

Jacobsen: How does dialetheism apply in the realm of metaphilosophy? This can set the stage for Part Three.

Priest: The most obvious way in which it applies is that Western philosophers have virtually always taken it as a methodological principle that contradictions are not rationally acceptable. Hence, any philosophical theories that have endorsed contradictions have been rejected out of hand. Clearly, this should not be the reaction of a dialetheist. This is not to say that a dialetheist will accept a contradictory theory. They June well think that a consistent theory of the issue at hand is better. The matter of rational theory-choice is a complex one. The point is that a theory is not to be rejected simply because it contains a contradiction.

A small corollary of this is one concerning philosophical hermeneutics. I give one example. The general point is obvious. If one reads texts of Hegel, the most obvious interpretation of various of his views is a dialetheic one. Commentators of his work have often strained to interpret him in some other way, for fear of making him appear irrational. They did not need to do so. They can read his texts in a much more straightforward (and charitable) way. If one tries to force the thought of a dialetheist into the procrustean bed of consistency, what emerges is bound to be a badly distorted view.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, Graduate Center, City University of New York (2009-Present).

[2] Individual Publication Date: June 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-2; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Dialetheism, Truth, True Paradoxes, and Metaphilosophy: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (2) [Online]. June 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-2.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, June 1). Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Dialetheism, Truth, True Paradoxes, and Metaphilosophy: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-2.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Dialetheism, Truth, True Paradoxes, and Metaphilosophy: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, June. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-2>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Dialetheism, Truth, True Paradoxes, and Metaphilosophy: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-2.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Dialetheism, Truth, True Paradoxes, and Metaphilosophy: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (June 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-2.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Dialetheism, Truth, True Paradoxes, and Metaphilosophy: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-2>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Dialetheism, Truth, True Paradoxes, and Metaphilosophy: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-2.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Dialetheism, Truth, True Paradoxes, and Metaphilosophy: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): June. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-2>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Dialetheism, Truth, True Paradoxes, and Metaphilosophy: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (2) [Internet]. (2021, June 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-2.

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Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Human Rights Defenders, Terror, the “Universal Declaration on Human Rights,” Religion, and Human Nature: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: May 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 4,401

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Gulalai Ismail is a Co-Founder of Aware Girls. She has been awarded the Democracy Award from the National Endowment for Democracy, the Anna Politkovskaya Award, and recognized as one of the 100 Leading Global Thinkers of 2013 by Foreign Policy. She discusses: authoritarian governments and women’s rights activists; terror and fear; the United Nations and the Universal Declaration on Human Rights; religion; Pakistani Islamic interpretations; a way out; Iceland; science; biotechnology and genetic engineering; biology and technology; biotechnology interests; becoming tired of a field; children’s rights documents as a youngster; and human nature.

Keywords: Aware Girls, ethics, fear, freethinkers, Gulalai Ismail, human rights, religion, terror, women’s rights.

Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Human Rights Defenders, Terror, the “Universal Declaration on Human Rights,” Religion, and Human Nature: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted April 24, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Have you see prominent women’s rights activists cave or cater to the whims of authoritarian governments because it is too scary, too dangerous, or, if careerist, too liable of a threat to their stature in the society with the title of them as an activist or a rights defender?

Gulalai Ismail[1],[2]: In Pakistan, it is not easy when the state institutions are after you, start persecuting you. Not many people can still opt to continue their resistance. Pakistan has amazing women’s rights activists who are working for women’s rights. In my case, in my situation, one of them became public in my support. A few of them were very supportive. Those who were supportive were in the background. They would not come in public. They would give me different kind of support. It was the non-Muslim public in public. Very few women’s activists and very few civil society organizations in Pakistan. They stood with me. Because they were very afraid of the Pakistan military establishment. Have I answered the question?

Jacobsen: It is a hard question. Because there are multiple layers to it. On the one hand, you did answer it. On the other hand, on some other levels, you did not answer it. There are some cases. You alluded to them. The cases in which an individual women’s rights activist will support certain things, but will not speak out and will work against the aims of rights out of fear, terror.

Ismail: See, I do not think any woman activist works against the rights. But they stay silent. I find this problematic. When an activist, when you are silent on certain issues, because people responsible for the issues are not so powerful, but then you do not question issues for which institutions are really powerful, they have to be held accountable for the issue; and, you don’t speak out on it. There is selective activism. The activism depends on who is the perpetrator of the rights. If the perpetrator of the rights community are the politicians, then you are okay with it. If the perpetrators are the most powerful military institution in Pakistan, then you choose not to act and speak out on it. But then, in Pakistan, it is our 5th anniversary of Sabeen Mahmud [Ed. who was assassinated on April 24th, 2015, at the age of 40.]. She showed her solidarity on the issues of enforced disappearances and missing persons, and extrajudicial killing. She was killed. Malala Yousafzai is another one. There is another woman from Karachi, whose name I am forgetting. She was working on land rights. She was killed by the mafia. So, I will not judge so harsh. I will not judge harshly Pakistani women activists because I know it is a country where you can get killed. Women activists get killed. There are many cases where women activists have been killed. Not every woman can choose to speak up at the cost of being martyred. It is not an easy choice to flee the country, not everyone can do it. I will not judge them very harshly.

Jacobsen: That is a fair point.

Ismail: Generally, I will judge harshly civil society organizations because individuals can be at much more risk. I think civil society organizations have a huge responsibility in showing solidarity to the movement, to the rights-based movements, who are under attack by the Pakistan establishment. Civil society organizations stay silent. In Pakistan, the funding of NGO sector is strictly controlled. There are many bureaucratic barriers to the NGOs and the civil society organizations to access foreign funding and implement their projects. If you are someone who supports movements like ours, then the Pakistan military establishment, the security agencies, will not give clearance. The NGOs or civil society organizations can be suspended. There will be difficulties in accessing funds. The civil society organizations do not get funds. I think that they need to be judged. They need to be called out, “If you claim to be human rights organizations and civil society, then you cannot stay silent while the state is persecuting activists, abducting activists. You still stay silent.” That is outrageous. Most civil society organizations of Pakistan stay silent. They only stand for certain kinds of rights, which the Pakistan military approves. That is unacceptable for Pakistan civil society to work only for those human rights are acceptable to Pakistan military.

Jacobsen: Starting on December 10, 1948, as we both know, the United Nations founded, or put into force, the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This, to this day, remains a rather universal document, so aptly titled, and continues to maintain a force in international relations for the increase in a more just and equitable world. At the same time, there is an elephant in the room regarding multiple competing ethics in the world today, as they have in the past. One brand comes in Islamic, Jewish, Christian, Hindu, and other ethical systems, religious ethical systems. Another comes in that which can be found in the United Nations in international humanitarian law or international human rights. Either one provides a window into how human beings should be or act in the world in relation to one another based on a particular conception of human nature. With that, it does seem to boil down to transcendental traditional religious ethics versus secular international human rights morality. The latter incorporates freedom for the former with freedom of religion, freedom of belief, freedom of conscience, while the former does not because, as per the Amsterdam Declaration from 2002, if I remember right, stipulates the for-all-timeness [Laughing] of these transcendental traditional religious ethics. So, as you’re fighting for women’s rights or human rights, more generally, incorporative of women’s rights, what do you note as the long-term challenges between, in the big picture, these two different conceptions of ethics that belie two different images of human nature?

Ismail: Scott, for me, it is simple. You cannot use religion as an excuse to deprive people of their human rights. The human rights mentioned in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are the universal guiding document for the states, governments, and for the communities. These are human rights. If any system of ethics, if any faith, if any religion, or any system deprives people from their certain rights, that is not acceptable. In the modern world, religion cannot be used as an excuse to deprive people of certain rights or to give some extra privileges to some of society, to give one dominance to one gender or one class of people. No, I think, you cannot use religion at all. For example, religion is used to curb freedom of expression. Blasphemy laws are used to cut freedom of expression to raise questions on religion. In every country, wherever there are blasphemy laws, or laws cutting freedom of expression, or other human rights of these people because one or another religion is not happy about it, I think religions have no place in any constitution anywhere in the country. We need separation of religion from the state and the constitution because rights should not be defined by religion or as religion. Rights should be defined by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and not according to religion. We need not only a secular constitution and secular rights. We need to reclaim secular spaces. As with the examples of the religious fundamentalist sections of the society have gained our political spaces, we, as secular people, need to reclaim secular spaces because this world belongs to everyone, not just the political power, which religious fundamentalists enjoy. We need to reclaim that space. I think, we must be very clear. It is a time of science, rationality, and technology. Of course, it is people. It must be limited to a private matter.

Jacobsen: Are there any parts of religion that you do like?

Ismail: No.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Ismail: [Laughing] The festivals, [Laughing] I like. Because now, they are the only festivals. I like the festivals. People, for example, in Pakistan claim the people in Pakistan are giving, because they give a lot of money in charity, but most of the charity money ends up in terrorist organizations. Some people are more giving because of religion. When I was in hiding, my family, most of my family, is very religious. When the whole campaign started against me, it started on 23rd of May. I will be celebrating my anniversary. Maybe, you can publish this article on the 23rd of May. It was when I left home. It all started there. I am completing one year of it. They are deeply religious people. My aunts used to do a lot of Quran recitation. They prayed a lot to God for my safety. They find mental peace; they find hope in religion, in those dark circumstances. They can get some hope. When I look back, there is not anything, except the festivals.

Jacobsen: Why are the men given more power in Pakistani Islamic interpretations in general?

Ismail: In every Islamic interpretation that I have heard of.

Jacobsen: [Laughing] Correction noted.

Ismail: [Laughing] There is not a single Islamic interpretation where there is general equality as a norm.

Jacobsen: For the men, in some of these fundamentalist Islamic communities, they must put on a certain persona, a false self. This leaves them constricted emotionally and otherwise.

Ismail: It is Patriarchy. Scott, it is patriarchy and the expectations of the gender boxes the culture has set for men and women. Women must have a certain person and certain roles. Men are expected certain personas and certain roles. It is patriarchy that has destroyed both men and women.

Jacobsen: What is the way out?

Ismail: The way out is equal distribution of resources among the genders and ownership of the resources. Economic empowerment is key. The chances women will be able to get their rights is if they are economically empowered, and having more women in the political spaces. Women in the decision-making, more equal numbers of women in Parliament and state governments because that is where the decisions are made. If women are not part of the decision-making, of course, men will create laws and policies protecting their status quo and powers. Equal portions of women in the Parliament. Equal numbers of women in the decision-making and economic resources for women, too. It is the key for women. Also, the religious-based constitutions, faith-based constitutions, go against women. For women’s empowerment, we need secular countries, secular states. Not just secular states, we need secular societies. If the constitution is secular, and if the society is not secular, then it will support Patriarchy and sectarian violence. It will instill mob violence on the issue of violence if the society is not secular. We need secular society, secular constitution. Also, we need welfare state, not security state, because security states prioritize or prefer war over human welfare. They use religion to implement their ideas to promote their narratives. In security states, the money is spent on tanks and bombs, and defense, and not on human welfare. We have seen this in the corona pandemic. The ways countries like Pakistan will not be able to fight back because most of the resources were spent on security, not human security. We need to redefine security and shift from national security to human security because human security is more important.

Jacobsen: For those who want a good example of a country most robust in their efforts towards equality, I would highly recommend looking at Iceland.

Ismail: Yes, I think [Laughing] they should look to Iceland and all Nordic countries. They can look at the Prime Minister of New Zealand, Jacinda Ardern, to see how feminist leadership looks like, because the New Zealand Prime Minister is an example of feminist leadership. They can look to New Zealand too.

Jacobsen: What is your favourite part of science?

Ismail: Biotechnology, genetic engineering.

Jacobsen: Why those two?

Ismail: I was in school when I first heard of human cloning. I fell in love with the idea of human cloning. I fell in love with the idea of human cloning. Because always, we have ben told God is all-powerful. He created human beings. He is the supreme power because he created human beings. I thought the idea of human cloning gave me a sense, “You know, the human brain is so advanced. It can go to the extent of technology. It can do anything. Science is great.” I love the idea of genetic engineering. I love the idea of taking beneficial genes from one organism and bringing it to another organism for the benefit of the other organism. I love genetic engineering. Also, it has played such a huge role in human advancement in fighting against diseases, even in helping with pandemics as well. Biotechnology and genetic engineering have advanced human understanding. Human cloning is the best thing. It gives the idea of a human brain, how we can advance. I am not saying that we should or should not do something. I am not going into the ethics of human cloning. However, in terms of the science and the possibilities, I find this fascinating.

Jacobsen: Do you think there is any distinction, at the end of the day, between the ways in which nature produces functional systems via evolution – human beings and other organisms – and what human beings create with artificial intelligence or various manifestations of conscious design of organisms, whether animal husbandry or the aforementioned genetic engineering? Do you think there is any real distinction between the technology that we make and human beings and other biology as fundamentally just another form of technology? In other words, the line is blurred.

Ismail: I have never thought about it. However, of course, it is different. I am not very aware of the computer technology and the artificial intelligence. I am not that type of technology person. I am the [Laughing] biotechnology person. There are echo chambers. There are proper ecosystems. I am aware of what humans have been doing to the climate, the Earth, causing global warming, how the impacts of industrialization on the ocean and ocean life. Also, we humans have been cruel to the rest of the organisms and the rest of the creatures of the world. We have not quite destroyed the planet. Of course, I cannot make a comparison between human life and artificial intelligence. I am not the right person to talk about it. I am a very naïve person on it. Yet, they seem like quite different things. What do you think, Scott?

Jacobsen: If I look at the natural world as a comprehensive system, the natural world amounts to the animal kingdom and the plant kingdom. Over time, over billions of years, hundreds of millions of years, human beings and other organisms arise. Human beings with opposable thumbs, binocular vision, flat-balled heels, bipedalism, the ability to stand upright, and very large brains in addition to the development of the neocortex, we have this ability to not only think in relatively general ways. We can then physically manifest the cognitive generalism in the environment. The best evidence of this might be the physical dominance of the surface of the Earth by the human species. The things that human beings create, we call tools. We call technology. We get those through a process called science, in general, outside of trial-and-error. Evolution via natural selection among other selection mechanisms develops functional complicated structure. Those structures yield functions. They can be plural functions, not just individual functions. In those plural functions that evolution produces through these structures that it evolves, it amounts to a form of technology. Similarly, human beings develop structures. Those have functions for us. The direction, or the idea of what those structures are for, will depend on the organism or entity using them. However, if one simply takes a designed structure that can function in diverse ways or in a single way, then it amounts to a technology. Similarly, human beings are like a three-and-a-half-billion-year-old or more iPhone. We have a bunch of function centralized in one unit, in one organism. Same with other organisms. My sensibility is such that the distinction between what we call technology and what we call biology is probably an artificial barrier, where one simply comes about via evolution via natural selection and other selection mechanisms and the other comes about by human conscious engineering. But it is all part of the same comprehensive system. So, to me, the line is more blurred than distinct. Biology and human-created things are both technology emergent in different forms. That is what I can come up with off the top [Laughing]. So, your interest in biotechnology. Where did that start?

Ismail: That started right when I was in school and read this article on human cloning. That is where my interested started. I am still into biotechnology. I studied biotechnology for six years. I thoroughly enjoyed it. I love biotechnology. Biotechnology or sciences, too, are dedicated fields of work. You need to work in a lab. If you are a biotechnologist, it was difficult to my human rights activism because my human rights activism was a full-time job. It required travel. It required going to the communities. I was not able to sit in the lab and do human rights work. That is why I continued the work on human rights. Also, in Pakistan, we do not have research institutes as such. We have a few. The most famous research institute is about agriculture. I was not interested in the agriculture part of biotechnology. I was more interested in the human side [Laughing] of biotechnology.

Jacobsen: You know what, I have heard the same from neuroscientists and psychologists. Over time, they got tired of rats, fruit flies, and c elegans. They could not take it anymore. So, they left the field [Laughing].

Ismail: Pakistan is a huge producer of wheat and cotton. Most of the research was around wheat and cotton. I was not interest in spending time on wheat and cotton. If it was about a research institute about genetic diseases or more human, then I would have continued the career in biotechnology. There are very few women who will have the opportunity to work for human rights like me. I felt this is a bigger responsibility to continue the human right activism work.

Jacobsen: Do you think a lot of this interest in science and ethics came about at the same point earlier in life for you? With the interest in biotechnology and cloning on the one hand, and the interest in children’s rights when your father introduced you to the children’s rights documents.

Ismail: Yes, they were around the same time. There was no secret. I wanted to study science and become a scientist. When I was in school, I was in eighth grade in the chemistry class. In the books, we had physics, chemistry, and biology. Chapter 1 or 2 would be about scientists. Lists of scientists who have contributed to biology or physics, or chemistry. All of them were men. So, I was in grade eighth. I raised a question o the chemistry teacher, “Why are you not teaching about women scientists? Why are there only men scientists in the book?” The teacher laughed at me and said, “They are waiting for you to become a scientist to include your name. You have not become a scientist. That’s why we don’t have a woman scientist yet.” Everyone laughed at me. At that point, I was like, “If that is the case, then I am going to become a scientist. There will be women scientists in the book.” It is the thing I wanted too. I was aware. There are fewer women in science than men. Although, at the time, I did not have the access to information and knowledge, which an eighth grader would have today. I was 13 or 14. I was aware of the gender discrimination in academia. I was becoming more aware. I wanted to become a woman scientist. Now, when there is the corona pandemic, I wish I had not disconnected [Laughing] from biotechnology. I wish I could volunteer in a lab. However, it has been 10 years since I studied biotechnology. [Laughing] They would not consider me legible to work in a lab on coronavirus now.

Jacobsen: What do you think is human nature?

Ismail: What is human nature? This is a philosophical question. Mostly, I think, we are a product of our societies. We are mostly the product of our environments. Whatever we learn from our environment, I do not believe people who say, “Conflict is human nature.” I do not think conflict is human nature, or this or that is human nature. We grow in our families, in our communities, in certain cultures. We learn and unlearn. Learning and unlearning is a continuous process, but mostly most of the people would be products of their environment. If there is any nature, I think that is the nature. What do you think is human nature?

Jacobsen: That is a very philosophical question [Laughing].

Ismail: [Laughing] Why is it a philosophical question?

Jacobsen: It is a good question [Laughing].  

Ismail: Someone who has read psychology may be better.

Jacobsen: Yes. Human nature comes from two places at a minimum. Of course, we have nature-nurture. Everyone understands that at this point. However, the human organism is an integrated system. So, we see philosophical traditions around empiricism and rationality. Human beings, though, are an integrated system with sensory input and rational faculties. As any cognitive scientist will tell you, or simply if you look at a list of cognitive biases, e.g., Availability Heuristic, Hindsight Bias, etc., Dunning-Kruger Effect [Laughing], these are images into how the human mind is deeply flawed and incapable of certain kinds of rational inquiry as a matter of innate disposition. These could be, or can be, overcome with knowledge of them. However, not all the time. Even trained medical experts, they may not use their medical expertise, sometimes. Same for other fields or human disciplines. So, this integrated system of sensory input, limited as it is, and rationality, flawed as it is; they provide a window into what seems like a traditional philosophical divide, which, in fact, is a unified system and, therefore, should be seen as a unified philosophical system traditionally divided into two, empiricism and rationality. These are unified in some sense. They may not be 50/50. However, they are united. In that coming together, more of human nature can be something both innate, in the sense that we have certain equipment that we’re born with, but also the degree to which the equipment is responsive to the environment. Then within all of that, after a certain point, human beings develop a certain ability for conscious discrimination and choice in the world. That is where things become murkier.

The idea of freedom of will, since it may exist or how one defines it, would not be boundless. It would be finite. It would be finite based on capacity limits of the human nervous system and capacity limits in terms of time. How long can someone deliberate with the finite computational system? So, this integrated system bringing together empiricism and rationality depicts a human nature. That is both limited, grounded in the empirical, capable of the rational, and potentially capable of developing a certain amount of freedom and choice while in a closed and synergistic system. So, human nature is bounded in those ways. Then to the cultural question of human nature, yes, certainly, the flavours, the colours, the sights, the sounds, those, in a manner speaking, are human nature. It may be like the linguistic facility or faculty. In that, there is a general underlying structure. Something akin to this unified system described before. What comes out of this are the various flavours of culture in the peoples, we see. Many linguists will note a very apparent, stark difference between the world’s languages, written and spoken, while it is belying a certain very fundamental and close similarity of the system that produces all of them. So, it is a very superficial difference, where there is a quite common system of linguistic capability. Similarly with the various things seen coming out of all forms of human culture, whether religious, political, or otherwise, I would make the same argument for the arts and music. What these are telling us are, probably, in fact, what seem like stark differences between Baroque music and Hip-Hop, they are superficial differences. So, human nature is probably functionally infinite in its capacity to have different combinations of its systems to produce cultures in large groups, but also finite in its structure given by the fact that both the sensory systems that we have, and the rational systems that we have, are, no doubt, themselves limited.

Human nature is akin to a string of premises that I am trying [Laughing] to build here from what we get by the very fact of being born human, and how we grow over time akin to the way a snowflake grows over time. Certain capacities will come online over time and produce this integrated system. The things we find in cultures around the world are reflective of a very common set of simple systems that produce – that are themselves finite – a functionally infinite variety, as we have seen over recorded human history for thousands of years among all peoples. I think, the humanist vision is akin to not looking at the superficial image of the world. Something like ignoring Plato’s Cave, but leaving the cave and looking at what are the simple, finite principles that comprise human nature. So that, we can have a little more humility and a universal vision of what is a human being. It is not a universalism of ignoring the complexity or diminishing it, but valuing it as part of a common set of naturally produced parts of what make up a human being. So, human nature seems to be something both dynamic, integrated, while simple, but producing a functionally infinite set of outputs. That was a long road. I am sorry. I do not have enough breadcrumbs. 

Ismail: That was a very eloquent answer.

Jacobsen: I do not have enough breadcrumbs to get home [Laughing]

Ismail: [Laughing].

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Co-Founder, Aware Girls.

[2] Individual Publication Date: May 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-4; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Human Rights Defenders, Terror, the “Universal Declaration on Human Rights,” Religion, and Human Nature: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4) [Online]. May 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-4.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, May 22). Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Human Rights Defenders, Terror, the “Universal Declaration on Human Rights,” Religion, and Human Nature: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-4.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Human Rights Defenders, Terror, the “Universal Declaration on Human Rights,” Religion, and Human Nature: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, May. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-4>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Human Rights Defenders, Terror, the “Universal Declaration on Human Rights,” Religion, and Human Nature: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-4.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Human Rights Defenders, Terror, the “Universal Declaration on Human Rights,” Religion, and Human Nature: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (May 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-4.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Human Rights Defenders, Terror, the “Universal Declaration on Human Rights,” Religion, and Human Nature: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-4>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Human Rights Defenders, Terror, the “Universal Declaration on Human Rights,” Religion, and Human Nature: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-4.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Human Rights Defenders, Terror, the “Universal Declaration on Human Rights,” Religion, and Human Nature: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): May. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-4>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Human Rights Defenders, Terror, the “Universal Declaration on Human Rights,” Religion, and Human Nature: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4) [Internet]. (2021, May 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-4.

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Conversation with Christopher Angus on Family, Background, Life, Philosophy, Being Christian, and Love: Member, ISI-Society (1)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: May 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,836

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Christopher Angus is a Member of the ISI-Society. He discusses: growing up; extended self; family background; youth with friends; education; purpose of intelligence tests; high intelligence; extreme reactions to geniuses; greatest geniuses; genius and a profoundly gifted person; necessities for genius or the definition of genius; work experiences and jobs held; job path; myths of the gifted; God; science; tests taken and scores earned; range of the scores; ethical philosophy; political philosophy; metaphysics; worldview; meaning in life; source of meaning; afterlife; life; and love.

Keywords: Christian, Christopher Angus, family, ISI-Society, metaphysics, philosophy, politics.

Conversation with Christopher Angus on Family, Background, Life, Philosophy, Being Christian, and Love: Member, ISI-Society (1)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: When you were growing up, what were some of the prominent family stories being told over time?

Christopher Angus[1],[2]*: Any such stories mainly revolved around being farmers living in a rural community within the larger context of Canada’s stories and Canada’s relationship with the rest of the world.

Jacobsen: Have these stories helped provide a sense of an extended self or a sense of the family legacy?

Angus: I’m no longer involved with farming, but yes they have. My roots are still there, and after having lived in a fairly large city for a while, I am now back in a rural area of our province.

Jacobsen: What was the family background, e.g., geography, culture, language, and religion or lack thereof?

Angus: My family came from western Canada (western Manitoba to be more exact), with a typical prairie culture and the English language. They were Protestant (United Church of Canada). It was a culture steeped in rural activities such as hockey, camping, hunting, sports, motorcycles, snowmobiles, and the like.

Jacobsen: How was the experience with peers and schoolmates as a child and an adolescent?

Angus: It was fairly good, so far as these sorts of things go. I’ve heard horror stories from others that I did not experience. However, I was suffering from insomnia and hypoglycemia for most of my life, so I wasn’t always functioning at full IQ potential. The hypoglycemia is under control, but the insomnia still afflicts me.

Jacobsen: What have been some professional certifications, qualifications, and trainings earned by you?

Angus: I have a certificate in graphic arts, as well as some other smaller things. I’m mostly self-taught in film, more specifically animated film.

Jacobsen: What is the purpose of intelligence tests to you?

Angus: It was mostly curiosity. I knew that I was above average, but I didn’t have any idea that I would score as high as I did.

Jacobsen: When was high intelligence discovered for you?

Angus: Officially, around 6 years ago.

Jacobsen: When you think of the ways in which the geniuses of the past have either been mocked, vilified, and condemned if not killed, or praised, flattered, platformed, and revered, what seems like the reason for the extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses? Many alive today seem camera shy — many, not all.

Angus: People are uncomfortable with, or scared of, that which they can’t understand. The typical person cannot understand many of whom are classified as “geniuses.”

Jacobsen: Who seem like the greatest geniuses in history to you?

Angus: I think there were interesting people in the late 1900s who became somewhat lost over time in our current cultures. Their ideas and inventions have been overlooked and even replaced by that which has set us back. Edison is an example. Also, I believe William James has some brilliant insights into psychology, the mind/body question, consciousness, etc, which were later largely lost. I think he’s going to be noticed again.

Jacobsen: What differentiates a genius from a profoundly intelligent person?

Angus: The typical response is that genius is what happens when the profoundly intelligent person does something with their intelligence, acts upon it, as it were. But I think it may be more complicated than that. For instance, people can have brilliant flashes of insight and not do anything with them, or have the resources, time, or freedom, to fully pursue them.

So, I’d think genius is when intelligence works with known information in a way that brings about something brilliant and does something fresh with that information, whether it works its way out in science, the arts, philosophy, or whatever. But I would think there needs to be the necessity of it being at least on the pathway to what is true and real, not something that a person just dreamt up that is actually utterly untenable – I’ve seen that in the high IQ “world”.

There are surely plenty of examples of genius that we will never know about, and there’s plenty that we have accepted as genius which likely is not.

Jacobsen: Is profound intelligence necessary for genius?

Angus: How do we define genius? Some would say that Michael Jackson was a genius musician and performer, but so far as I know he wasn’t of profound intelligence.

I would define genius as the ability to take known information and synthesize it into something new and fresh that others haven’t seen or considered before. I’d say that profound intelligence would be needed for that. Michael Jackson didn’t do that as far as I can see. He had an immense talent on display, but it wasn’t outside of the previous box to the extent of being genius, in my opinion.

Jacobsen: What have been some work experiences and jobs held by you?

Angus: I’ve mostly worked within the artist/animation field and am working on my own films.

Jacobsen: Why pursue this particular job path?

Angus: It’s where my passion lies, what I’m best suited towards doing. Also, I believe it can be my voice in the world, and I believe that the arts and story can have an immense impact.

Jacobsen: What are some of the more important aspects of the idea of the gifted and geniuses? Those myths that pervade the cultures of the world. What are those myths? What truths dispel them?

Angus: I think the most important aspect of the notion of “gifted” is to realize that such people have some different needs, peer issues, and some different ways of interacting with the world, all while often still wanting to maintain some sort of sense of normalcy and safety in society. These needs are real and shouldn’t be marginalized.

The myths are that people with high IQ are automatically “geniuses” who have minds that can figure many things out without error. The truths that dispel them are the fact that so many high IQ people have differing views. They can’t all be right. High IQ can help a person along in many ways, but it can also lead them down a path of getting more stuck.

Jacobsen: Any thoughts on the God concept or gods idea and philosophy, theology, and religion?

Angus: There are a lot of philosophical arguments for God being debated right now, arguments such as the Kalam argument (an updated argument of the uncaused cause), the question of absolute morality, various spiritual experiences, fine tuning in the universe, etc. I actually don’t believe that any of these arguments concretely prove God’s existence even if some of them have more weight than others do, although the question of where the information needed to create consciousness is quite interesting — in order to create consciousness, it surely would have had some sort of comprehension of consciousness and thus either be a higher consciousness or have come from it.

But here’s the thing: although these arguments might not give solid weight on their own, none of them exist in a vacuum. They are all part of a whole. So if we look at these various arguments — and life in general — in a holistic manner, then theism becomes the most tenable (for some the only tenable) foundation by which to view the world.

Jacobsen: How much does science play into the worldview for you?

Angus: I respect science and generally understand the scientific method, but it isn’t my primary inclination. I am much more interested in philosophy, theology, and of course the arts. So, I see science’s value, but Scientism is far from being a trap for me.

Jacobsen: What have been some of the tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations) for you?

Angus: Recently:

GIFT High Range IQ Test – 158 SD15

Verbatim – 156 SD15

FIQURE – 155 SD15

Jacobsen: What is the range of the scores for you? The scores earned on alternative intelligence tests tend to produce a wide smattering of data points rather than clusters, typically.

Angus: Mid to late 150s SD15.

Jacobsen: What ethical philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Angus: I’m not sure if I accept any of the more “official” views on this subject. I’ll suggest that a healed and healthy human psyche also has a strong and healthy light of a conscience that we should live according to. Of course some have scathed over consciences (or scathed over in certain areas) and it is for those with right conscience to influence society in different ways in response to societal concerns. I think the light of conscience is a divine light attuned to a higher law (does conscience have any validity if there isn’t a higher good and thus plumb line for morality?).

Then there’s the question of who has the healthy psyche and is most attuned to their conscience, but often as things unfold, this can become more apparent as society considers people’s motivations. Thus, this would also leave room for some sort of reasoning as people debate the best response according to conscientious interaction with the information around them.

So, perhaps something like Divine Command Theory. Maybe a soft form of Divine Command Theory with an understanding that there is a divine light of conscience in humanity attuned to a higher goodness, and thus, moral law.

In regards to Divine Command Theory, people could argue that morality should be based on certain religious texts, but of course not everyone believes in these texts (or at least certain ones), and besides, how people interpret them is largely based on their conscience (or scathed over conscience). Added to this free societies consider religious freedoms to pursue or reject certain religious texts or views of value.

So where does that leave us? Perhaps, pursue healing and let the light in our conscience shine bright.

Jacobsen: What social philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Angus: I would say that I lean towards Classical Liberalism. I reject Libertarianism because, although I believe humanity has free will in that we are not bound to a chain of cause and effect but can actually make true choices (our own causes with their own effects — which is another discussion), I do not believe that our will is separate from some mighty strong influences on it. Therefore, although we are free as individuals to some extent, we are also deeply influenced by our environments. But this shouldn’t lead to a social stance which takes away from the individual freedoms that we are capable of attaining. Therefore, I support individual property rights, unencumbered business, and the like.

Related to this, I believe in a rule of law and penitentiary system that is merciful to the human condition when appropriate, but also that treats all citizens equally, and that, when appropriate, can also come down hard on certain horrific criminal behaviour.

So, I think we should consider how strongly we are influenced and respond accordingly, but we should also consider that we do have choices to make with certain moral obligations and a conscience to help guide us and also act respond accordingly to those concerns. Of course, this doesn’t lead to easy black and white answers on some issues. But a person’s psyche within their community, isn’t black and white. This, however, isn’t to take away from the necessity of the above mentioned rule of law.

This answer dovetails a bit with my previous comment about ethical philosophy, so it might be pertinent to add that I see great value in a society or culture having an emphasis on inner healing. This would help with a lot of other issues.

Jacobsen: What economic philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Angus: Capitalism and a free market makes the most sense to me. This along with a slight amount of socialism in relation to roads, law enforcement, park systems, some support of the arts, and the like. There can be a stability with some socialism, but it also doesn’t take much for it to get bogged down, and a free market is more easily corrected by the people who retain more control. Some have never lived with their freedoms having been lost and do not understand the importance of freedom. Others are currently realizing its value and how tenuous it actually is. A free market society is the best economic system to protect freedoms while it can also allow for care for the downtrodden via charities, business endeavors, etc, which work towards that end.

So I see freedom as something which should also be considered in regards to economic systems. Some societies or groups within societies put less emphasis on it than others, which is understandable as each society or sub group can have its own “personality” with different views on how much freedom is pertinent, but we should all agree to never allow it to be lost, and actively protect it.

Jacobsen: What political philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Angus: I believe that the US constitution with its emphasis of putting power in the hands of “We The People” and its attempt to protect this sentiment doesn’t just make the most workable sense, it may serve to help to protect freedom not only in the US, but also abroad. If the US loses its freedoms, then it won’t bode well for rest of us.

Jacobsen: What metaphysics makes some sense to you, even the most workable sense to you?

Angus: I would sit somewhere between idealism (the notion that all comes out of consciousness and consciousness permeates the universe), and dualism.

I believe that there is a profound conscious aspect to the universe with consciousness being key. But I also believe that the natural world is a very real and not a mere illusion created by consciousness, as can be found in Idealism.

To put it another way. I’d align somewhat with panentheism, if one considers it to mean that higher consciousness is in and throughout a very real natural world with its own truly independent conscious creatures, but also above that natural world in a way whereby the notion is very clearly delineated from pantheism.

I’m also not sure if this would lead to animism as I don’t know if all “consciousness” is necessarily the same as found in humanity, or even other creatures. For instance, a rock might have some sort of “life,” but that doesn’t necessarily mean that it can interact.

Jacobsen: What worldview-encompassing philosophical system makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Angus: Would populism count as a philosophical system? It’s of course far from my only belief, but I believe it is currently notable as I think that the rise of populism is quite pertinent to the season that we are in — considering what is being exposed — and that this movement has just begun.

Jacobsen: What provides meaning in life for you?

Angus: My faith. Any other aspect to my life has no value unless it is hinged to this in some way. Without that connection, it is ultimately empty.

Jacobsen: Is meaning externally derived, internally generated, both, or something else?

Angus: It’s both, and something else. We often create meaning based on our interaction with external truths, but they are true. The human ability to do so is also an externally true element of existence. So, our creation of meaning is an attempt to grasp what is true and meaningful beyond us.

Jacobsen: Do you believe in an afterlife? If so, why, and what form? If not, why not?

Angus: Yes. As a Christian I believe in a state of conscious awareness and interaction, in a loving existence with Christ when people accept it. I’ve heard and read a variety of interpretations of this afterlife, and while some things said may have validity, I’m just not in the position to fully accept these views. I just don’t know.

Jacobsen: What do you make of the mystery and transience of life?

Angus: Mystery leads to wonder, and part of the human endeavor is to probe into the mystery in some shape or form, but of course it always goes deeper — everything ends in mystery of some sort. We’ve answered some of the hows, but there’s always a deeper why to these things. Why does beauty exist? Why is there something rather than nothing? Why does love exist in the universe? Those are profound questions not enough people are asking these days, and ultimately I would say that those speak into the transience of life.

Jacobsen: What is love to you? 

Angus: Different personalities receive and give love in different ways, and it’s good to understand this when interacting with different people. Yet in these differing ways it isn’t true love unless there is an element of self-sacrifice.

True love, like true beauty, is far beyond the superficial. Which brings an interesting question — to what extent is love related to suffering and beauty?

I mean, can one attain to a comprehension of beauty with any depth, if they have never loved and suffered?

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, ISI-Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: May 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/angus-1; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Christopher Angus on Family, Background, Life, Philosophy, Being Christian, and Love: Member, ISI-Society (1) [Online]. May 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/angus-1.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, May 22). Conversation with Christopher Angus on Family, Background, Life, Philosophy, Being Christian, and Love: Member, ISI-Society (1). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/angus-1.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Christopher Angus on Family, Background, Life, Philosophy, Being Christian, and Love: Member, ISI-Society (1). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, May. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/angus-1>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Christopher Angus on Family, Background, Life, Philosophy, Being Christian, and Love: Member, ISI-Society (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/angus-1.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Christopher Angus on Family, Background, Life, Philosophy, Being Christian, and Love: Member, ISI-Society (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (May 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/angus-1.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Christopher Angus on Family, Background, Life, Philosophy, Being Christian, and Love: Member, ISI-Society (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/angus-1>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Christopher Angus on Family, Background, Life, Philosophy, Being Christian, and Love: Member, ISI-Society (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/angus-1.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Christopher Angus on Family, Background, Life, Philosophy, Being Christian, and Love: Member, ISI-Society (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): May. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/angus-1>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Christopher Angus on Family, Background, Life, Philosophy, Being Christian, and Love: Member, ISI-Society (1) [Internet]. (2021, May 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/angus-1.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Family, Education, and Opening One’s Eyes to the Wider Intellectual World: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: May 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,138

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

From the professional website for Professor Priest: “Graham Priest grew up as a working class kid in South London. He read mathematics and (and a little bit of logic) at St. John’s College, Cambridge. He obtained his doctorate in mathematics at the London School of Economics. By that time, he had come to the conclusion that philosophy was more fun than mathematics. So, luckily, he got his first job (in 1974) in a philosophy department, as a  temporary lecturer in the Department of Logic and Metaphysics at the University of St Andrews. The first permanent job he was offered was at the University of Western Australia. He moved to Australia when he took up the position, and has spent most of his working life there. After 12 years at the University of Western Australia, he moved to take up the chair of philosophy at the University of Queensland, and after 12 years there, he moved again to take up the Boyce Gibson Chair of Philosophy at  Melbourne University, where he is now emeritus.  While he was there, he was a Fellow of  Ormond College.  During the Melbourne years, he was also an Arché Professorial Fellow at the University of St Andrews. He is a past president of the Australasian Association for Logic, and the Australasian Association of Philosophy, of which he was Chair of Council for 13 years. He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Humanities in 1995, and awarded a Doctor of Letters by the University of Melbourne in 2002. In 2009 he took up the position of Distinguished Professor at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, where he now lives and works. Graham has published in nearly every leading logic and philosophy journal. At the last count, he had published about 240 papers. He has also published six monographs (mostly with Oxford University Press), as well as a number of edited collections. Much of his work has been in logic, especially non-classical logic, and related areas. He is perhaps best know for his work on dialetheism, the view that some contradictions are true. However, he has also published widely in many other areas, such as metaphysics, Buddhist philosophy, and the history of philosophy, both East and West. Graham has travelled widely, lecturing and addressing conferences in every continent except Antarctica.  For many years, he practiced karatedo. He is a third dan in Shobukai, and a fourth dan in Shitoryu (awarded by the head of style, Sensei Mabuni Kenei in Osaka, when he was training there). Before he left Australia he was an Australian National kumite referee  and kata judge. Nowadays, he swims and practices taichi. He loves (good operajazz , and 60s rock … and East Asian art.” He discusses: the family background; the larger self; early formation; adults, mentors, or guardians; being someone who hardly ver reads anything; pivotal education; formal postsecondary education; being a Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the CUNY Graduate Center; the main area of research; and advice to aspiring philosophy students.

Keywords: Cambridge, City University of New York, family, Graham Priest, logic, philosophy, upbringing.

Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Family, Education, and Opening One’s Eyes to the Wider Intellectual World: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (1)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: For this opening session for the series, I would like to begin with an analysis of the family background of you. The ways in which you became choate, philosophically mature. You made a mark in the philosophical world. A history and a trajectory stems from somewhere, not simply talent or insight. What’s family background or lineage, e.g., surname(s) etymology (etymologies), geography, culture, language, religion/non-religion, political suasion, social outlook, scientific training, and the like?

Professor Graham Priest[1],[2]: I was born in 1948 in the UK, and grew up in post-WW2 South London. I was a working-class kid, and an only-child. My father (George Priest) was a manual labourer in a power station, and my mother (Laura Priest) was a homemaker, though she did part-time jobs sometimes, to help make ends meet. Neither was well educated, but my father worked long hours to support the family, and my other was very loving. I could read before I went to school. We had no phone, car, or even TV (till I was a teenager). There was nothing that you would call high culture in my home. So, I had no idea of art, classical music, drama—and certainly not philosophy.

My mother was a Christian. I have no idea of my father’s religious views: he never spoke about them. I was brought up as a Christian. The church was a Congregationalist one. (I believe that this is now part of the United Reform Church.) Congregationalism was Protestant, not as heterodox as Quakerism, but further in that direction than other Protestant groups such as Methodists and Baptists.

In those days, there was an exam called the 11 Plus. Kids who did well in this were creamed off and sent to Grammar Schools. These were state schools, but were academically oriented. I was lucky enough to pass and went to John Ruskin Grammar School in Croydon. When I was there, I discovered an aptitude for mathematics and decided to go to university to study it. This was made possible for working class kids, since the post-WW2 Labour Government had abolished university fees. At least, they made them payable by local government bodies while providing a cost of living grant. So, my going to university cost neither myself nor my parents anything. I applied to several universities and was accepted by St John’s College, Cambridge. My schoolteachers told me that I would be a fool to turn down a place in Cambridge. So, I accepted and went there to read mathematics.

Jacobsen: With all these facets of the larger self, how did these become the familial ecosystem to form identity and a sense of a self extended through time?

Priest: Going to Cambridge was an eye-opening experience for me in many ways. Perhaps most importantly, I was taken out of my working-class culture and put in a highly intellectual and educated one. So, my eyes were opened to art, drama, philosophy, and restaurants—things. Many of the kids came from wealthy families who had gone to public schools, which is what the British call a private school. It was the first time I had mixed with such kids. So, I was brought face to face with the British class system for the first time: the privileges of wealth, power, and the British establishment. I developed a love/hate relationship with the place.

Next, taken out of a Christian environment, I started to think about my religious views more critically. I concluded: no rational ground for the belief in a god, much less a Christian god, exists. For a powerful example, the extraordinary amount of gratuitous suffering in the world strikes me as much of a knock-down argument against the existence of such a god as anything can be. So, I became an atheist, which I am to this day.

In matters academic: I was studying with a bunch of kids. All of whom were very smart. I realised that many of them were much brighter than me. However, an old school friend put me on to mathematical logic. I became fascinated by the subject. It was not really taught in the mathematics degree, so in my last year I changed to philosophy. In Cambridge, the study of a degree is called a tripos. A tripos has two parts. (Don’t be fooled by the name, it refers to a three-legged stool that students sat on when they were examined in the old medieval university.) I had done Part One of the maths tripos in my first two years, and in my final year I did Part Two of the philosophy (called moral science) tripos, which was the logic option. This taught mathematical logic, but, of course, many of the philosophical issues that surround the subject too. I was at a disadvantage in studying these because most of my peers had already studied two years of philosophy. But when it came to technical matters, I had an advantage because of my mathematical training.

At Cambridge, I met Annie. The woman who became my wife. Our son was born about a week before my final exams. After Cambridge, we moved down to London to different colleges of London University. I did an MSc in mathematical logic, and then a doctorate in mathematics in the same area at the London School of Economics.

By the time I finished this, I was aware of two things: first, that I would only ever be, at best, a mediocre mathematician; and second, that philosophy was a lot more fun than mathematics. I applied for 52 academic jobs in my last year as a research student, and got nowhere. I was about to take a job with the British Gas Board as a mathematician modelling gas-flow, when two temporary university jobs came up at the last moment. One was at the City University of London in the mathematics department; the other was in the philosophy department at the University of St Andrews. And for me, it was a no-brainer. I took the philosophy job. Why they offered the job to someone with virtually no background in philosophy, I still have no idea (though I remain grateful to this day!). They didn’t even have me teaching logic. I taught the philosophy of science.

I continued applying for permanent jobs in the UK for my two years in St Andrews, without success. The first permanent job I was offered was at the University of Western Australia, in Perth, Australia. We decided that we would go there. We thought that we would be back in a few years—and I did apply for several jobs back in the UK, without success. In effect, we had emigrated. I became one of the happy band of Australian philosophers.

Jacobsen: Of those influences, what ones seem the most prescient for early formation?

Priest: Clearly, those things engendering a love of mathematics and philosophy in me. I guess I have to say, also, my working-class background, which has given me a deep distrust of the status quo, in philosophy, politics, and everywhere else.

Jacobsen: What adults, mentors, or guardians became, in hindsight, the most influential on you?

Priest: That’s hard to say. For a start, my mother for her love and nurturing. My high school maths teacher, R.D. Pearce, who communicated the beauty of mathematics to me. One of my supervisors in Cambridge, Sue Haack, who engaged me in the philosophy of logic. My Ph.D. thesis supervisor, John Bell, who showed me, amongst other things, what it was to be a good teacher.

Jacobsen: As a young reader, in childhood and adolescence, what authors and books were significant, meaningful, to worldview formation?

Priest: I hardly ever read anything.

Jacobsen: What were pivotal educational – as in, in school or autodidacticism – moments from childhood to young adulthood?

Priest: My being able to read before I went to school was clearly an enormous factor in my education. Falling in love with the beauty of mathematics, and realising that I was quite good at it was another, I do remember reading one book, which struck me before I went to university: Alan Watts’ The Way of Zen. The immediate effect was to make me take to heart the fact that there were religions other than Christianity. Also, that there were smart people who endorse these. More amorphously, I was attracted to a number of ideas of Zen, as Watts described them. These didn’t have a great effect at the time, but they must have lodged somewhere in my brain, since I happily turned to the study of Buddhist philosophy later in life.

Jacobsen: For formal postsecondary education, in academia, why select LSE, and then Melbourne for the academic path? 

Priest: London because I could do an MSc in Mathematical Logic there, and LSE because I could work with John Bell, whom I met as an MSc student, liked, and got on well with. As I said, after that I had a temporary position in St Andrews, but the first permanent job I was offered was at the University of Western Australia. I was there for about 12 years when the chair of philosophy (chair on the British/Australian sense, not the North American sense) came up at the University of Queensland. I was ambitious; I applied and got it. About a dozen years later, the Boyce Gibson Chair came up at Melbourne University. This was the oldest chair of philosophy in Australia, and the then Dean of Arts said he wanted the new chair to regenerate the department. (It had fallen a bit into the doldrums.) All this appealed to me. I applied and got the chair. To tell the truth, I had had it with the University of Queensland by that time. It had been taken over by a self-serving bureaucracy. This had destroyed collegiality (which I value greatly) and introduced top-down line managerialism. Academic values were no longer important, managers were fixated only on money—and climbing the bureaucratic ladder. Melbourne had maintained its older academic values. I was at Melbourne for about 12 years. By the time that I left, the malaise that had affected the University of Queensland had effected Melbourne as well. (Indeed, such managerialism had taken over, and still maintains its hold on, all the Australian Universities, though this is not the place to go into how and why this happened.) I had become tired of fighting rear-guard actions (which I had done at both Queensland and Melbourne). So, when I was offered a job at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, I was happy to jump ship.

Jacobsen: As a Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the CUNY Graduate Center, what tasks and responsibilities come with the position? 

Priest: I teach one graduate course per semester, usually on whatever I choose. I also supervise Ph.D. dissertations by any student who asks me. On top of that, I run a weekly logic and metaphysics research seminar, and often go to other research seminars. Sometimes, I perform administrative roles, such as on the departmental admissions committee. Most of the rest of my time is spent on research, writing books and papers. In connection with that, I frequently travel within North America and overseas to give talks and attend conferences. Finally, there is “service to the profession”: refereeing journal articles, writing references for job applications, reports on promotion and tenure applications, reports on grant applications, etc.

Jacobsen: What are the main area of research and research questions now?

Priest: Philosophy is an enormously broad area, with many sub-areas: logic, metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of science, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, ethics, aesthetics, social philosophy, political philosophy, history of philosophy, to name but some of the more standard ones. Research in many topics in all these areas is highly active. There is no hope of going into details in any sensible way here. I, myself, have many different areas of research interest: logic, the philosophy of logic and mathematics, metaphysics, socio-political philosophy, Buddhist philosophy, the history of philosophy—and again in many different parts of these. You can get a more detailed sense of some of the questions I have been engaging with from the publications page of my website: www.grahampriest.net.

Jacobsen: If you could give advice to aspiring philosophy students with an interest in metaphilosophy, what would it be for them?

Priest: It would be the same as I would give to students with an interest in any other area of philosophy. Find some questions that engage you. Try to figure out how you would answer them. Reading a few good philosophers who have thought about the questions is always helpful. Then write it up. (That always helps to get your thoughts straight.) Make your answer clear, and your reasons as cogent as possible. Don’t confuse obscurity with profundity, or simplicity with superficiality.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, Graduate Center, City University of New York (2009-Present).

[2] Individual Publication Date: May 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-1; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Family, Education, and Opening One’s Eyes to the Wider Intellectual World: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (1) [Online]. May 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-1.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, May 22). Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Family, Education, and Opening One’s Eyes to the Wider Intellectual World: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (1). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-1.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Family, Education, and Opening One’s Eyes to the Wider Intellectual World: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (1). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, May. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-1>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Family, Education, and Opening One’s Eyes to the Wider Intellectual World: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-1.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Family, Education, and Opening One’s Eyes to the Wider Intellectual World: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (May 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-1.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Family, Education, and Opening One’s Eyes to the Wider Intellectual World: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-1>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Family, Education, and Opening One’s Eyes to the Wider Intellectual World: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-1.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Family, Education, and Opening One’s Eyes to the Wider Intellectual World: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): May. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-1>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Distinguished Professor Graham Priest on Family, Education, and Opening One’s Eyes to the Wider Intellectual World: Distinguished Professor, Philosophy, City University of New York (1) [Internet]. (2021, May 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/priest-1.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Assistant Professor Simon Olling Rebsdorf on Background, Work, Philosophy, and High-IQ Societies: Assistant Professor, VIA University College (1)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: May 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 6,721

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Professor Simon Olling Rebsdorf is an Assistant Professor at VIA University College and a prominent member of the high-IQ communities. He discusses: growing up; a sense of an extended self; the family background; experience with peers and schoolmates; purpose of intelligence tests; high intelligence; the extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses; the greatest geniuses in history; a genius from a profoundly intelligent person; some work experiences and educational certifications; more important aspects of the idea of the gifted and geniuses; the God concept; science; tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations); the range of the scores; and ethical philosophy.

Keywords: background, culture, family, IQ, physics, Simon Olling Rebsdorf, society.

Conversation with Assistant Professor Simon Olling Rebsdorf on Background, Work, Philosophy, and High-IQ Societies: Assistant Professor, VIA University College (1)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Updated with edits from Kathy Kendrick of ISPE.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: When you were growing up, what were some of the prominent family stories being told over time?

Dr. Simon Olling Rebsdorf[1],[2]*: [My private weblog is here: https://humanlifelab.wordpress.com]

The midwife dragged me into this worldly place in the city of Odense, Denmark, in 1971. Looking back from this halfway vantage point, I still wonder whether retrospective selection of milestones or turning points in our consciously remembered life story do in fact contribute to changing our own self-images into a narrative of someone we would rather like to be, instead of who we are. However, this is a risk as well as a cerebral human condition.

When my parents got divorced, I was five and my big brother was nine years old. The divorce took a lot of energy, especially when my age was around 10 and 14. In this period, my parents had quarrels—legal cases about custody rights. Thinking about my grandparents is more comforting. My grandfather was a creative man full of ideas. He was a craftsman working at a lathe, in his own shop business in the attic in central Copenhagen. Very ingenious and skilled. During the Second World War, he decided to hang a hand grenade on the back of the front door to the shop, just in case German Nazi SS troops were to enter the courtyard. Illegally, he crafted little pieces for weapons of the Danish Resistance Movement. He was never caught. This is probably the most prominent family story, which was told many times.

Jacobsen: Have these stories helped provide a sense of an extended self or a sense of the family legacy?

Rebsdorf: In some sense, yes. Resistance against authority and a critical mind have been heralded as the norm and a necessary attribute of family members.

Jacobsen: What was the family background, e.g., geography, culture, language, and religion or lack thereof?

Rebsdorf: Danish. My father was born in 1930 in the southern part of Jutland, the Danish peninsula, in a city called Ødis, close to Kolding. My late father’s brother was concerned with genealogy and made a family tree dating back to the 1600s. During World War 2, my father’s family hosted a young boy, who was a member of Hitler Jugend—the nazi boy scouts—but the boy’s parents had managed to escape Germany, and in Denmark, they had found my father’s family to host the boy for some time. I remember my immediate shock when my father told me that had he been raised in Germany instead of in Denmark, he might as well have been a conscientious Hitler Jugend boy. His point was a cultural relativist one, and I understood this immediately after some explanation. My father is now 90 years old. He has always played classical music and jazz—he plays the violin, and he is the reason that I have learned to appreciate and play music myself since the age of 5, when he forced me to tale violin lessons.

My father at age 17 went to Copenhagen to study pharmacy. He ended up becoming a fresh-water researcher, even publishing in Natureonce. I found out about this in 2018, without his ever letting me or my family know! How typically humble of him, not mentioning it. In 1999 he co-authored a paper on “Regional Trends in Aquatic Recovery from Acidification in North America and Europe,” Volume 401 Number 6753 pp513-622 (it’s on page 575, name: A. Rebsdorf), on behalf of the National Environmental Research Institute in Denmark.

My mother was born in 1945 and grew up on the island Zealand, close to the Danish capital, Copenhagen, in a city called Hillerød. Her father, my granddad who owned a lathe shop, was extremely protective of his youngest daughter, and was known to hire a private eye to follow her on dates. My dad lived across the street from them and they fell in love. They had two children—Morten, my big brother, in 1967, and me in 1971. In 1976, they got a divorce and have had several other girlfriends/boyfriends since. My mother studied to work in a kindergarten and has done so all her life. She is now retired. My mother has always been the more creative kind, having us dress up, play, dance, draw and just live out ourselves and our curiosity.

Throughout my life, I’ve had a general feeling that my free choices were ok, no matter what they were. Later in life I’ve realized the importance of this and the role this general outlook has had on my life and life choices.

Going to lower elementary school in the hamlet Bryrup in the middle of the Danish peninsula Jutland, I had a great time until control was lost due to the separation of my parents. Looking back, mathematics, English, natural sciences, music, and the Danish language seemed quite easy and all-interesting, but they were not trivial topics to me.

Music was the exception. Playing instruments and singing was effortlessly intuitive to me. I played everything by ear and frowned inside when the other kids could not play the right rhythm or worse, couldn’t remember what we played last week. This was a walk in the park for me. I learned the music notations system three times in my life—and forgot it three times. I never really made use of musical scores. The music has always been kept safely in my mind’s ear, and my head is always full of music and sounds.

My dad forced me to play the violin from age five, and later I turned to piano, then electric bass, drums and guitar, now upright bass and piano. Today I am grateful to his stubborn demands of weekly rehearsals in my room. Music has always been my thing. However, whenever I was good at something, I kept this experience to myself. [https://humanlifelab.wordpress.com/music]

The Nordic Law of Jante completely imbued my upbringing and schooling: A pattern of group behavior, that negatively portrays and criticizes individual success and achievement as unworthy and inappropriate, is what usually made me keep my successes to myself. But it also made me try to do better. I never told anyone when I was good at something. Never. I didn’t want to appear as the archetypical, annoying smart-guy.

Regarding religion: My upbringing has had a clear lack of religion. It is a mystery to me why I was baptized at all. More about this ecumenical topic below.

Jacobsen: How was the experience with peers and schoolmates as a child and an adolescent?

Rebsdorf: I didn’t perceive myself at all as the brainy child who could read prematurely or solve math problems years ahead of the norm. And if I was, I would never have known, let alone been told. I was just a pretty happy little brother with a creative pre-school teacher mum and an academic dad researching fresh-water resources. I loved being left on my own to discover the universe. Philosophizing, as I learned later, was my favorite activity, and my mind was a lively place, an inner world not accessible to others. It was my own world. It provided a sense of control. And nobody ever entered it.

I wholeheartedly believed that everybody else in kindergarten and elementary school was likely to have similar individual inner worlds just like mine, filled with colored numbers, friendly creatures of music, physical sensations of huge, imaginary bubbles of tension when pressing together my middle and index finger, as well as inner dialogues and discussions with imaginary people. This was my world, a warm place of structure, texture, and ethereal, rhythmic sounds and shapes. Later in life, I learned that perhaps my assumption wasn’t true for all the people around me, and this was perhaps one reason why my peers sometimes talked about boredom—a mental state completely uncharted by me.

Five years after my parents’ separation, an important milestone unearthed. A bipolar ‘Barbarossa’ artist befriended my mum, and they became lovers. With his long red beard and spiky hair, this manic-depressive, psychopathically bent artist painter completely took over my mum, deprived her of all her self-esteem to his own personal, economical gain by spending all her money on his art production. Emotionally, this became a very dark period of four years for a happy kid full of inner life from the outset. But at the same time, intellectually, it became four vital years of research and tremendous learning for me. Despite Barbarossa’s bad characteristics and ill temper, he cracked the physical universe more open for me. Perhaps he embodied a provocative counter-movement against the Law of Jante, which ultimately educated me. A ten-year-old, I flipped through his subscription issues of the Scientific American, and I mimicked transmission gears from technical manuals using LEGO technique. He taught me Goethe’s theory of colors, how to play card games, how to draw human faces using charcoal, and he introduced me to the artist M. C. Escher, promptly turning the Dutch mathematician and painter into my favorite artist, owing to his impossible geometrical works, which I copied and developed further. As a result, mathematical topology became a burning interest of mine, but I just didn’t know the technical term at the time. It all took place on a completely intuitive level by way of paper origami and drawings, e.g., of the three-dimensional shadows of the tesseract, a mathematical four-dimensional cube, or attempts to draw the four-dimensional one-surfaced manifold known as the Klein bottle.

One vital problem was that it all happened in a state of complete loneliness. Emotionally, I closed myself down for self-protection, as Barbarossa took advantage of my mother, so I was left to myself a lot. I philosophized in a great cherry tree, looking down on passing cyclists, often falling asleep between two thick, supporting branches. I craved sacrosanct places for myself, making caves in the woods and hugging my impartial, natural friends, the trees. I had too many feelings everywhere around me, so I reduced the emotional complexity by creating my own quiet spaces and letting curiosity lead the way.

Only last year, with the help of a cognitive psychologist, I discovered former obsessive tendencies, which I had completely forgotten. The loss of control by proxy of my run-down mother turned into obsessive activities to provide some feeling of control. I counted everything countable around me; I pressed my fingers together to feel myself; I had obsessive thoughts of fate; constantly, yet quietly, I was beating complicated rhythms with my fingers and toes—and then came a horrid fear of darkness.

In addition, I also became a proficient liar. Children of divorce are perfectly loyal to both their parents, and to me this simply meant lying to them—but then I also began lying to my teachers and classmates. I made up immense scaffolds of lies taking up a lot of mental energy. I took my lying to the next level when my parents fought over legal custody of me and my big brother. In the ’80s, in Denmark, the mother usually won such legal custody disputes, despite any father’s stubborn fight against it. My own father fought persistently, which I got to know only later in life. Sadly, the dispute also turned my father from an academic into an alcoholic academic.

I was so good at lying and setting up façades that none of my teachers believed what I had gone through. But finally, and luckily, my mother left the inspirational yet unhealthy crackpot artist. Today, I believe that the four emotionally dark years also provided me with an intellectual strength and mental capacity that I would never have been without. Perhaps I should thank my mother for her emotional dispositions towards the infamous Barbarossa, even if I have become a skilled liar and professional coward as a by-product of that period.

Thomas—an odd one out in my class—and I became friends throughout the last two years of elementary school. And we formed a closed sphere not very open for others. I managed to play cowboys and Indians with my classmates, but with Thomas, there was an opening into a common discovery of the universe by creating and drawing comic magazines, practicing British dialects, dressing up as detectives, role playing, producing soundscapes with a ghetto-blaster and cassette tapes, or creating neologisms for fun. Soon we decided to seat ourselves in the front row in physics/chemistry classes, just to break with the present anti-scientific culture in the class. It worked. Quickly I got better at the hard sciences, and I remember my great preparations for the exam—and my utter disappointment that my friend Thomas didn’t invest the appropriate energy into the topics.

High school was not favorable for my self-worth. I couldn’t decode the system of reproducing facts from the blackboard. What got me through high school was the seven hours of music lessons and playing in numerous bands on the side. Also in high school, I teamed up with the odd one out, Martin, and in this way I found my investigative companion. Together, we found our own motivation outside our classes. We made up a system of linguistic babble creation that turned into a smash-hit at our high school parties. On stage, we read aloud a new text sounding like normal sentences, yet made no sense whatsoever. Our brief success was likely due to the deliberate incorrectness of the prose as compared to all the rational orderliness crafted by the teachers. Socially, I managed to hang out with the popular people due to my merits as the most proficient bass-player—and a “world-famous” babble creator. In retrospect, I regard my high school years as a sort of social compensation for an energetic period of research and investigation prior to high school. If only high school could manage to embrace curiosity and out-of-the-box thinking. My sacred inner world from lower elementary school had been partly sacrificed during high school, and it took me years to gain access again.

Another milestone was a library book on astronomy—and sheer luck. I have never had a plan. Curiosity and immediate lust have been my life guide, and I have always been at a complete loss of direction or ambition in life. An important value transferred from my poor grandparents via my mother and then to me is this: money doesn’t matter. I still believe this to be very true, at least when you are a Scandinavian kid built into an expensive tax system, world-class healthcare safety, great job opportunities, and very low crime rates. My high school result was poor, below average. I had somehow lost my academic grip from elementary school. I sucked. And a downward spiral resulted in low self-esteem and lack of trust in the future. All seemed dark and pointless. I worked in odd jobs and sensed my father’s silent frustration of missing future avenues. After high school, when working as an unskilled painter of some locker room walls at the local gym, I secretly read a large book on astronomy from the municipal library. At nights, I drew the night sky constellations and studied stellar creation. I had eaten all sorts of popular science books since age nine. I devoured the astronomy book in the restrooms of the gym as well as during passionate reading marathons in my rented abode. Completely alone. Whenever the gym manager came to check up on me, I managed to hide the book and lie to him about some technical difficulties hampering my painting progress. I just couldn’t believe that the gym manager believed my lies. But I was a pro, so it worked.

And the astronomy monograph had a momentous impact. The necessary passing grade averages were low for many natural sciencestudies at university, such as astronomy. This was my luck. I enrolled at the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Copenhagen. And moving to a college in the capitol was my fresh start.

I felt very alone while in Copenhagen, and I seriously thought about just killing myself. But I didn’t have what it takes, luckily. And then came the intelligence test. Much of my bad luggage and suicidal tendencies due to loneliness and academic failure were swiftly wiped away after passing the Mensa test. Indeed, even love life became a reality a few years after practicing the art of flirting. And then I met my wonderful congenial, my wife Charlotte.

My ensuing authorship and research highlights included a six-month research visit at the Astronomy and Astrophysics Department, University of Chicago, including a stay at the Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin, but also an affiliation with the Morris Fishbein Institute of social sciences. In 2009 I published a 500-page monograph on the history of modern astrophysics in the US and in Denmark entitled The Father, the Son, and the Stars. In addition, I published two PhD-based peer-reviewed research papers in the Cambridge periodical Journal for the History of Astronomy, co-authored two master thesis-based peer-reviewed research papers in the renowned Oxford periodical Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, and a peer-reviewed article in the international history of science periodical Centaurus. Another rich experience was the co-authoring of a textbook on creative idea development for the teaching of bachelor students of innovation management at the Aarhus School of Business. But my hot dream remains the completion of a literary fiction novel as well as having some of my short stories published. One day, I left academia and have tried many sorts of positions since then. After heading the European Space Agency’s Danish education resource office in Denmark and working as project manager and fundraiser at the House of Natural Sciences, I was appointed assistant professor at VIA University College, teaching and researching higher science education. This seems to be the right spot for now. Our kids are 8 and 10, and it’s like life cannot cease to keep educating me.

Jacobsen: What is the purpose of intelligence tests to you?

I have never managed to find a very good response to this question. Having always been rather ambivalent about IQ tests, I have tried to live with this inner dilemma. This means that I tend to think, still, that the urge to belong to a high-intelligence society is just a Freudian mechanism in order for the insecure snowflake to find some force and energy from like-minded poor things like myself. But at the same time, I tend to feel that like-mindedness rather strongly, and this feeling cannot be ignored, either. The clear over-representation of megalomaniac super-narcissists within many esoteric high-IQ circles and societies tells their own story of the Freudian mechanisms at work. I have never met so many arrogant brain-bragging and apparently self-contained people as I have met in high-IQ societies. At the same time, I have made some deep and rare friendships that I would never be without. Perhaps the sea of brain-braggers is the price of finding congenial soul gems out there.

The history of intelligence tests is dubious and not only very flattering. However, the idea is interesting and the value of a measured intelligence in one way or another cannot be ignored. The issue of cultural bias (and many other biases) is very important to constantly articulate. History tells us sad stories of some of the apparent pitfalls hidden in the process of defining intelligence.

High mental capacity is there, though. Its existence is indisputable. It is a great responsibility to host high mental capacity “under the helmet,” and I am full of gratitude and humility. Sometimes it feels like a straitjacket to constantly remind myself that time is of the essence and that action is needed in the real world.

I have been a Mensa member many times—and then I’ve terminated my membership again. I stopped as a member of Mensa recently once again. I fail to see that the society does good in the world outside this club. It is too closed—but I am fully aware that this legitimizes its existence to many members. In turn, I am very ambiguous about Mensa and also about many other high-IQ societies. Disillusion is perhaps what is my issue with them. The intention seems to always be the same—good ambitions and hopes for lively activity to change the world to a better place. The question is, what ends it really serves. In a broader perspective, do all these digital (and somewhat physical) societies provide us all a better world in any way? Hardly.

And how does an exclusive club manage to do anything inclusively to—or for—the world? If we really want to make a change, and not just share funny pictures and anecdotes (and make fun of all the low-IQ idiots making our lives miserable, as some members seem to believe) how do we organize in order to take steps in this direction? This bugs me these days.

To what extent are the high-range (and medium-range) IQ societies representations of real life, and to what extent are they esoteric circles of narcissistic megalomaniacs with low self-esteem in which they can feel better than in the idiotic low-IQ world. This outlook is somewhat harsh, I know. But this kind of sentiment is exactly what I felt in some of these clubs I have frequented.

On the other hand, of course, are the many interesting discussions that can be had with like-minded people, and clearly this serves ourselves very nicely. Self-service is just not enough for me anymore. We need a bigger perspective. Supporting members to get out of their safe esoteric circles and act in the real world might be worth considering.

Another problem: The idea of genius. If the concept of genius is to be taken seriously, we don’t need a list of current “geniuses” whose only achievement that counts is a formal intelligence test. As a PhD in science studies and the history of science and technology, this is not how genius should be defined. This is not the kind of extraordinariness the world needs, in my view. Genius has its linguistic origin from the Latin verb that means “I breed.” So, from a linguistic perspective, a genius displays unique creative power. There is no necessary connection to a high IQ, although there could probably be a common quantity of creative persons within high-IQ circles. But it seems clear that you’d also find a common quantity of people displaying creative power from other parts of society, and hence also from non-high-IQ circles. The role of creative power played by nature, nurture, acquired skills, hard work, and experience is, of course,unknown. Investigations of rare creative composers indicate that many years of practice are a prerequisite for the creation of masterpieces. A high IQ would clearly not be sufficient, and probably completely irrelevant. I fear that some members of many high-IQ societies tend to exaggerate the role of mental capacity with relation to the concept of genius. And remembering that the mark of a genius often goes hand in hand with deeply felt admiration, some insecure and non-creative people with impressive high-IQ raw scores may elevate themselves to pedestals that they/we clearly didn’t deserve.

My name figures on the World Genius Directory (160 SD15), but I fail to see why, exactly. There seems to be a set formal IQ limit of 145 SD15. By this somewhat empty definition, I am a genius… But society should be the judge, not a formal IQ test. What is my standing unique gift to mankind? What is my creative power, in comparison to the great masters? I may have displayed some creative power—see my “Creating Stuff” webpage, for example; but apart from two lovely children, my creations are not to be heralded by future generations as something magnificent. My PhD dissertation is probably the most important (scientific) contribution, which also has some creative power built in; but more important, this is the result of hard work and not genius. Earning a PhD is by no means unique anymore.

So, high IQ should not stand alone, clearly. It needs to be combined with other traits, such as creativity or high skill performance, talent, and hard work. IQ and skill are not at all necessarily correlated. High IQ might even induce laziness on the poor soul getting a high raw score. Humility works better, I think.

Jacobsen: When was high intelligence discovered for you?

Rebsdorf: A key turning point in my life was passing a Mensa test in 1993 at my first year as an astronomy and physics student at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen. Passing the test transformed me from a low-achieving, near-suicidal, rather lonely and insecure young man into a higher-achieving, self-confident student with an increasing amount of self-respect.

I left the Mensa club the same year, though, and I distanced myself from the esoteric society by presenting my experience at social meetings as a botched taboo event not worth taking seriously. The Danish Mensa society was rather small at the time, and I even made fun of the people in the club and, immaturely, I called them losers. This judgment was perhaps partly due to my cultural background in terms of the infamous Law of Jante, but, ultimately, the blame is clearly on me. As Seneca had allegedly and wisely stated, “When you judge, investigate.”

I still fail to remember what made me take the life-changing Mensa test back in 1993. For long, this has been a conundrum to me, as I didn’t regard myself to be either intelligent or high-achieving or in any way particularly mentally capable at that time. For years after the test result, I kept telling myself that I had just rehearsed to becoming skilled at passing the test. I thought that I had simply managed to “cheat” the test. But knowingly, I somehow unconsciously forgot the tremendous impact it had had on all my future performances in natural sciences and an ensuing career of many different interesting employments with the guiding principle of increasing the scientific literacy in society.

Jacobsen: When you think of the ways in which the geniuses of the past have either been mocked, vilified, or condemned if not killed, or praised, flattered, platformed, and revered, what seems like the reason for the extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses? Many alive today seem camera-shy—many, not all.

Rebsdorf: Their views have conflicted with

  • common zeitgeist (original composers like Arnold Schönberg or Karlheinz Stockhausen)
  • religious dogma (examples are legion, sadly, e.g., Giordiano Bruno and the Catholic Church, Galileo Galilei,… orthe 1277 Condemnation of Aristotelianism), or
  • social/cultural norms (artists like painter Picasso, composer John Cage).

In addition, within scientific circles, breaking with scientific standard models/normal science has oftentimes resulted in expelling researchers from the scientific community, until a theory had proven strong enough to survive as a new paradigm.

Some examples of self-proclaimed new scientific paradigms are to be found in high-IQ circles. One example is the so-called TDVP theory hailed by its own authors as a new paradigm. I have co-written a highly critical article about this—it is to be found at my research publication overview at ResearchGate. In this article, my co-writer and I discuss central aspects of “Triadic Dimensional-Distinction Vortical Paradigm” (TDVP) by Vernon Neppe and Edward Close. In my opinion, the scientific discipline of physics is the most important part of the study of reality (ontology), almost by definition. It appears that some of the most important premises in TDVP are incorrect. It follows that if the basic premises are wrong or meaningless, the whole “paradigm” must be considered to be wrong and meaningless. I question whether or not this proclaimed paradigm-changing framework, in fact, represents a scientific theory, whether the theory is meaningful and substantiated, or whether it is something else.

This is one example, I think, within high-IQ circles, of the display of a lack of humility and perhaps even of disrespect for the scientific profession. The authors behind TDVP should not be the ones to claim the theory to be either ground-breaking or paradigmatic. This job is saved for the scientific community, the test of nature, and history. My, and others’, critical claims opposing their theory have been completely rejected by the authors, which is another clear display of their lack of understanding of the negotiation element of the scientific process. Enough about this. Just an example.

Jacobsen: Who seem like the greatest geniuses in history to you?

Rebsdorf: The canon of the greatest geniuses is easily googled. Figures like Goethe, Da Vinci, Galilei, Newton, Descartes, Kant, Einstein, Bill Gates, Elon Musk, and Donald Trump (pun intended) often heralded with a bit of envy by many aspiring intellectuals as the embodiment of their wettest dream: to make huge profits by means of mental capacity. Some other names:

  • Georges Lemaître, cosmologist and priest, consciously embracing religion and rationality without mutually confusing or mixing the two incommensurables
  • Jens Martin Knudsen, late Danish physicist and life-on-Mars enthusiast
  • Nicole Oresme, late French medieval natural philosopher, of whom I’ve written an article
  • Ole Rømer, Danish discoverer of the speed of light, which should have been named after him
  • Niels Bohr, for his creation of a creative research environment in the 1920s leading to the Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
  • Steward Brand, for his early premonition that we need to think on the long term
  • Fyodor Dostoevsky, for his fictitious creativity and introspection and clear display of the human condition
  • Thom Yorke, iconoclastic and uniquely creative bandleader with a faint singing voice yet rare composing ability
  • Avishai Cohen, the most brilliant double bass virtuoso and composer of the present: exceptional creative ability
  • Donald Trump, a political genius, but only if you ask himself. In other words, who has got the right to define genius?

Jacobsen: What differentiates a genius from a profoundly intelligent person?

Rebsdorf: We need an unambiguous definition of the term genius first. Utilizing a thesaurus definition of genius, i.e., “exceptional intellectual or creative power or other natural ability,” the difference either stands out as pretty clear or means the opposite. It depends on your use of the logic “or” in the definition. So, having tested to be highly intelligent puts a person potentially into the pool of geniuses. Yet it might not be enough. Also, some display of unique creative power or other natural ability is required for the person to qualify. Unless you take the “or” literally. And then you can form a long list of geniuses by simply collecting the names of people with rare IQ test results. This has been done already and can be found on the website “World Genius Directory.” Once fascinated by this possibility, I also ended up on that list with a result of 160 SD15. Yet it is of course likely that my range is somewhere else. Perhaps below, perhaps above. No one knows for sure. And nobody really cares. So, in my view, a high IQ raw score is clearly not enough to qualify as a genius. You need some special super power, creative or other rare ability. Otherwise, how does great professional skill make a genius, like genius jazz players or classical music composers? Some cases might be found in the intersection between profound intelligence and rare creative ability. Mozart or Bach is a likely example, although we will never know their mental ability or intelligence quotient, will we?

More interestingly, a genius might just be a “truly great person.” My wife would be one of the best examples.

Jacobsen: What have been some work experiences and educational certifications for you?

Rebsdorf: Do you mean passed formal exams and work experience? That’s all listed here:

Work


2020 –            Assistant Professor  
|  VIA University College, Denmark

2017 – 20       Head of ESERO Denmark & Project Manager  House of Natural Sciences, Denmark

2017 – 20       Danish delegate representative  |  European Space Agency Advisory Committee on Education

2010 –            External University Examiner  |  Science & Technology Faculty, Aarhus University (AU)
                        – Philosophy and History of Science, Higher Science Education & Science Communication

2015-2017     Publishing Editor  |  Aarhus University Press, Aarhus, Denmark

2013-15         CCO (Chief Communications Officer) & Project Manager  House of Natural Sciences

2012-13         Communications Consultant  Regional Hospital Central Jutland

201011         Writing Consultant  | Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen

2008-12         Information Officer  | International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems,
Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark
                        – Research communication and research coordination
– Secretary of ICROFS’ National Programme Committee in the period 2008-2010

2007-08         High School Physics Teacher  |  Eux, Viborg, Denmark

2004-06         Postdoc  | Centre for Science Education, Aarhus University

2001-04         PhD Graduate  | Centre for Science Studies, Aarhus University

2000-01          Creative Idea Developer  | Danish Technological Institute, Denmark
– Facilitating idea development, project management, advising inventors, negotiating    with companies and inventors on intellectual property rights.

Education

2018                 International Business AcademyIBA Kolding  |  Fundraising Manager
Academic Education in Communication and Dissemination: Fundraising & lobbying, strategic fundraising and partnerships, financing opportunities, financing, 10 ECTS, grade: A.

2014               NGO-Project Management | Project Management, Leadership, Coaching and Strategy
Practicing project management: Resource management, team management, conflict management, personal management, 10 ECTS, grade: A.

2008               Higher National Diploma in Journalism | Danish School of Media and Journalism
Media studies, press law and ethics, language in the media, journalistic idea development and research, journalistic dissemination, presentation techniques.

2004                Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Natural Sciences (Science Studies)  |  Science & Technology

2001-2004     PhD Graduate  |  Centre for Science Studies, AUAarhus University

The PhD project (Amazon) was a study of the development of astrophysics in the 20th
Century. Focusing on the Danish professor of astronomy Bengt Strömgren (1908-1987), in
the USA, formerly known as “The Great Dane” amongst scientists, the dissertation is a
biographical study, investigating Strömgren’s life in science and the development of
astronomical and related fields. The project includes institutional and technological
developments and the international astronomical networks of scientists and science-
politicians. At the same time, it is a comparative study of two local contexts, the Danish and
American observatories and the scientific networks of the field of astrophysics.

2000                MSc in Physics  |  Science & Technology, AU
                         – Teaching skills of high school physics

1998                 BSc in Physics  |  The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen

Jacobsen: What are some of the more important aspects of the idea of the gifted and geniuses? Those myths that pervade the cultures of the world. What are those myths? What truths dispel them?

Rebsdorf: I have already embarked on this question above.

Jacobsen: Any thoughts on the God concept or gods idea and philosophy, theology, and religion?

Rebsdorf: I belong to the agnostic and atheist branch, but certainly NOT anti-theist. The world needs no more missionaries, religious or anti-religious. E.g., Richard Dawkins’ choir of non-believers is not productive. Mocking religious people is futile. Science and religion are incommensurable in the sense that a rational argument is given little weight by the faithful, and the religious narrative is given little weight by the rationalist. What we need is mutual respect—and the freedom to believe and think what we want, as long as it is not illegal, and as long as we can keep it to ourselves (or at least away from educational institutions) and stop brainwashing our offspring and the young generations.

I hope that my own children, now aged 8 and 10, will choose not to be baptized (most likely there is just one realistic alternative to choose from: the Christian Lutheran), but it is completely their own choice. I have shown them the world map of religions just to present the clear display of hefty cultural-geographical bias—and we have discussions about the roots and apparent needs of religion, the idea of god and the concept of creation ex nihilo, the humanly biased need for a primus motor and our dislike for infinity before and after the ever-flowing present moment. Kids love these kinds of subjects, if we hear them out.

Jacobsen: How much does science play into the worldview for you?

Rebsdorf: Very much. Working for increasing the scientific literacy as well as the interest and motivation for science and technology has been a guiding principle and the core of my professional working life since 2000. It is important and meaningful to me. And science leads the ways when it comes to training critical thinking, a commodity in general decline. We need a new enlightenment.

Jacobsen: What have been some of the tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations) for you?

Rebsdorf: Life-time member of a number of intellectual societies (links given)—a crazy collecting hobby of mine, mostly involving puzzle-solving but also some (digital) socializing on online platforms. Below you have it all—a long and not very interesting list:

≥ 160, SD 15:

[150; 160], SD 15:

[140;150], SD 15:

[132; 140], SD 15:

< 132, SD 15:

Numericore test result.

Jacobsen: What is the range of the scores for you? The scores earned on alternative intelligence tests tend to produce a wide smattering of data points rather than clusters, typically.

Rebsdorf: See above. In short: 132 < X < 161 (SD 15)

Jacobsen: What ethical philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Rebsdorf: I am not sure how to interpret this question. If you mean which established (or home-spun) moral philosophies that I tend to cling to, then perhaps— and somewhat surprisingly to many—a selection of the fundamental tenets formulated in modern satanism (Yes, but in an iconoclastic version completely devoid of the ridiculous biblical embodiment of evil named Satan) combined with Kant’s moral philosophy are good picks. Philosophical, ethical ideas could thus be turned into human virtuous practice by including the message of the following inspiring moral principles:

  • Deontology and Virtue: The rightness or wrongness of actions does not depend on their consequences but on whether they fulfill our duty, the categorical imperativ
  • Beneficence, Least Harm(what is right and good): One should strive to act with compassion and empathy toward all creatures in accordance with reason. Not only existing creatures, but also past and future, unborn creatures (the lack of action on a basis of empathy for unborn generations is one of the greatest challenges of our time, technologically as well as ethically, I believe).
  • Nature:As completely dependent on—and intricate parts of—Nature, all humans should strive to act accordingly with respect and humilit
  • Justice: The struggle for justice is an ongoing and necessary pursuit that should prevail over laws and institutions. Still, we need to abide by the law, national and internationa
  • Respect for Autonomy: The freedoms of others should be respected, including the freedom to offend (and take the consequences). To willfully and unjustly encroach upon the freedoms of another is to forgo one’s own. Respect different views of virtue.
  • Human Knowledge Morality: One should take care never to distort scientific facts to fit one’s belie
  • Human Fallibility: People are fallible. If one makes a mistake, one should do one’s best to rectify it and resolve any harm that might have been caused.

Some very important virtues and imperatives are also found in many religions, but in my view those to some extent include messages comparable to the above practical working tenets.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Assistant Professor, VIA University College.

[2] Individual Publication Date: May 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rebsdorf-1; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Assistant Professor Simon Olling Rebsdorf on Background, Work, Philosophy, and High-IQ Societies: Assistant Professor, VIA University College (1) [Online]. May 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rebsdorf-1.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, May 15). Conversation with Assistant Professor Simon Olling Rebsdorf on Background, Work, Philosophy, and High-IQ Societies: Assistant Professor, VIA University College (1). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rebsdorf-1.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Assistant Professor Simon Olling Rebsdorf on Background, Work, Philosophy, and High-IQ Societies: Assistant Professor, VIA University College (1). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, May. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rebsdorf-1>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Assistant Professor Simon Olling Rebsdorf on Background, Work, Philosophy, and High-IQ Societies: Assistant Professor, VIA University College (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rebsdorf-1.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Assistant Professor Simon Olling Rebsdorf on Background, Work, Philosophy, and High-IQ Societies: Assistant Professor, VIA University College (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (May 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rebsdorf-1.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Assistant Professor Simon Olling Rebsdorf on Background, Work, Philosophy, and High-IQ Societies: Assistant Professor, VIA University College (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rebsdorf-1>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Assistant Professor Simon Olling Rebsdorf on Background, Work, Philosophy, and High-IQ Societies: Assistant Professor, VIA University College (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rebsdorf-1.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Assistant Professor Simon Olling Rebsdorf on Background, Work, Philosophy, and High-IQ Societies: Assistant Professor, VIA University College (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): May. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rebsdorf-1>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Assistant Professor Simon Olling Rebsdorf on Background, Work, Philosophy, and High-IQ Societies: Assistant Professor, VIA University College (1) [Internet]. (2021, May 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rebsdorf-1.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights, North Waziristan, and Being the Most Dangerous Person in Pakistan: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: May 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 3,215

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Gulalai Ismail is a Co-Founder of Aware Girls. She has been awarded the Democracy Award from the National Endowment for Democracy, the Anna Politkovskaya Award, and recognized as one of the 100 Leading Global Thinkers of 2013 by Foreign Policy. She discusses: reportage in North Waziristan; most dangerous person in Pakistan; Pashtun Tahafuz Movement; human rights and humanitarian law; freethinkers; most dangerous woman; and a lifelong commitment.

Keywords: Aware Girls, freethinkers, Gulalai Ismail, human rights, North Waziristan,  Pashtun Tahafuz Movement.

Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights, North Waziristan, and Being the Most Dangerous Person in Pakistan: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted April 24, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: You did some rights work and reportage in North Waziristan looking at the cases of women who were raped or sexually assaulted by security forces of Pakistan. What were some of those findings? And what was some of the protest you gave over those acts of the police forces? Also, what was the reaction of the police force or the state forces?

Gulalai Ismail[1],[2]: It was January 2009, when I saw a video on the internet. It was a video of a small boy. Maybe, he was 11 years old. His name was Hayat. In that video, the young boy was saying that he was from North Waziristan. He was saying that his brothers had been picked up months ago by security agencies. However, their home was continually barged into by the security forces. He mother was harassed regularly. He was so fed up with it. When this video came out, there was a lot of anger about the issue of harassment by security force. The security forces tried to shut down the woman. They tried to claim this was a lie, etc. The mother of the little boy, she presented herself in a local council meeting with local elders. She gave a testimony. She said, ‘It is true.’ She is regularly getting harassed by security forces. Home is regularly getting barged into by security forces. Her husband and son have already been taken by the security agencies, as in missing persons. Victims of forced disappearances. A s women’s rights activist, I felt a responsibility. When she spoke about sexual harassment, in a tribal area, where women do not have access to public spaces, where there are not enough schools and the literacy rate is really low with women’s less than 10%, they do not have access to media. There is not internet.

The government has still not given the right of the internet to people of Waziristan. There is not internet over there. It is a complete information blackout area. A woman who is so brave and courageous stood and spoke out against sexual harassment. As a women’s rights activist, I felt a responsibility to go visit her and show solidarity with her. To tell her, she is not alone. I, along with other women activists, I went there to meet her. When we went there, dozens of women came to see us. We were told a number of stories of sexual harassment by the security forces. Also, some of the women claim that some women have been abducted aby security forces. Those women have never been given back. They have not been returned to their families. We got to know the story of the woman who was part of a later incident. It was a policy of the state security agencies. It happened regularly. It was a common policy. The women from the area, it is such a taboo for a woman to be in public spaces all around Pakistan. Every woman in Pakistan is not comfortable to be on media. They are not even allowed by the men in the community and the family to be on the internet or to give any interview. This one woman was very brave. She had a small piece of paper with 25 lines on it. She said that she wanted to give the media an interview. Her husband had been picked up by the security agencies. The security forces keep barging into her home. They come and harass her every time. She drew one line on this paper for every incident. She had this paper with 25 lines marking every time of the harassment by the security forces.

This helps us know sexual harassment is either a policy or the security forces keep on enjoying immunity for the crimes committed against women in the areas, where they are engaged in military operations. Of course, in Pakistan, the mainstream media is not allowed to cover any issues in which people are critical of the Pakistani military. Also, the mainstream media is not allowed to give coverage to any activist of the movement known as Pashtun Tahafuz Movement. We were not given coverage. The story was not given coverage on any mainstream media. Of course, there are some channels like Voice of America or Europe Radio, which gave coverage to the story and gave voice to the issue. We also wrote letters to the international commission on the status of women to take notice of it. To make sure justice is done, the reconciliation commission should be established. Nothing was done. Instead, activists who went there. I went there. I started experiencing harassment by state authorities. A few days later, I was arrested from a protest. We were doing a protest against the murder of a peace activist. Right from there, I was arrested. We were all arrested, who were doing the protest. I was made a missing person. I was kept incommunicado for almost 48 hours, for two days. My family did not know where I had been kept. No one was given any access to counsel, to a lawyer. Soon after it, the crackdown started against me, which never ended. I was released. Even then, I was released only after immense international pressure. Even after the release, the crackdown did not stop.

Then when I highlighted the issue again in May of 2019, I highlighted the issue when protesting against the rape and murder of a 10-year-old girl in Islamabad, which is the capital of Pakistan. We were protesting this. She was raped and murdered by someone in the neighbourhood. The police had not lodged a complaint of the girl gone missing. When the girl had gone missing, they went to the police to find their girl and file a complaint. The police refused to take the complaint, ‘She must have eloped with someone. So, we won’t take the case.’ A few days later, she was found dead and raped. Then the hospitals were not even willing to do her post-mortem. So, a protest was happening. Civil society was doing a protest against it. In the protest, I highlighted the issues of sexual harassment in North Waziristan. [Laughing] For that, I was booked under a case or clauses under the anti-terrorism laws of Pakistan for defaming Pakistan military and for promoting ethnic violence, for engaging in treason, which is a life sentence. I do not know what they would have done if they had arrested me. Soon after the speech, I became the most wanted terrorist in Pakistan. I was highlighted as a terrorist, as someone who is a terrorist. Soon, they started raiding our homes. The digital surveillance was started. My parents were under digital surveillance. The raids were not any raids.

We are talking dozens of commandoes and police who raid our homes, check our homes, every corner of the home, harassing my sister and siblings and parents who were home; they took our mobile phones. We had CCTV cameras installed in our home. Those were taken from our home. Every few weeks, our home would be raided as if it were the home of the biggest terrorist or the headquarters of the biggest terrorist organization in Pakistan. Similar raids were done on my relatives’ homes. Soon, we got to know. My name was put on some state kill list. I was on a blacklist. Before that, my name was added on some personal special interest list. I used to be investigated, interrogated, by the counter-terrorism department of the special investigation agency of Pakistan. It was non-stop for more than a year. It has been a non-stop harassment by the state. I risked disappearances, booking me in cases of terrorism. It has been crazy. The past one-and-a-half year has been really crazy.

Jacobsen: If stated to Pakistan as the most dangerous person, let alone women but person, in the country, many people know the name and know the purported crime. I would assume statements were made in public by them, about you, about then movement you are involved with, or about your organization. If any, if my assumption is correct, what were they?

Ismail: The movement has always been presented very negatively in the mainstream media because the mainstream media is not allowed to invite us or members of the movement. They discuss us. They portray us as traitors. In April, it was the 29th of 2020. The director of the ISBR, the media public relations wing of Pakistan military. The director or the spokesperson of the Pakistan military, he did a press conference and threated the PT movement saying, ‘The time is up for the PT movement. It is time for action.’ His famous sentence, “The time is up for PTF.” Shortly after the press conference and the statement about strict action taken against us, and we’ve crossed the red line and will not be tolerated anymore, many videos emerged online on YouTube saying, “The time is up for Gulalai,‘ and two others. This was the kind of statements that were given about us. They were always threatening and outrageous statements against our basic rights, our fundamental rights. Besides this, when I was still in hiding because of the situation created for me, my life was at risk. Imran Kahn was visiting the United States. He was giving a speech in the United States Institute of Peace. He was asked about me and the crackdown about me. He started using the question as an excuse to promote more propaganda against the movement. He did not answer the question and promoted more propaganda against us over there.

One of the unfortunate situations for us is the political leadership have not come forward. In a way, they should have come forward in support of the movement. They have not come forward against the crackdown against us, in the way they should have come down against the crackdown against us. The political parties did not take a strong stand in support of the movement because, in Pakistan, the elections are engineered b the Pakistan military agency. Anyone critical of the military agency are afraid that they will not win and will not be able to get into the Parliament. They do not put themselves in trouble by questioning, or issuing support in solidarity with people like me or the movement. It is unfortunate. If there was any talk, then it was negative and only negative statements of propaganda.

Jacobsen: For the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement, what is the history there? Of course, you have Pashtun heritage. However, in Pakistan, this is a particularly sensitive issue. One, as you have noted, among many others with some overlap and, in other ways, not. What is the status of the movement? What is the trajectory?

Ismail: The history of the movement is after 9/11, the militant organizations started to organization in the Northwest of Pakistan. The state let them organize. The state hesitated and let them have access to resources because they were a strategic asset of Pakistan. They tried to establish Islamic state in Pakistan. They were killing people, even attacking the government institutes. Military operations started against them. Many more military opens have been dozen affecting millions of people. Millions of people are displaced from their homes. Most of them were displaced on very short notice. Not enough support was provided to the people who were displaced. They were not even given the label of Internally Displaced people. Because when you are given the label, the certain rights apply to IDPs, Pakistan avoided it, even called Intermittently Displaced People., or ITTPs or something to prevent them from having rights of displaced people. Thousands of families, even today, are living in those camps. They are not able to return to their homes. The camps were more like concentration camps. They are guarded by the military, the Pakistani military. They are not controlled by civilians. The civil society is not allowed to enter the camps and meet with the people inside the camps. Political parties are not even allowed to visit these camps. Only the military controls it. Landmines were used, which are against international law. No landmines, no excuse can be used to fill whole villages with landmines, even if you are doing a military operation. However, dozens of people have lost their lives. Dozens have people have been disabled because of the landmines.

Then extrajudicial killing is another phenomenon that emerged. Extrajudicial killing was done not just in the tribal areas of Pakistan, but all over Pakistan. When killed extrajudicially, they would be labelled “terrorists” rather than be given a free and fair trial. Hundreds of them were killed in fake police encounters. They were not real police encounters. They would be abducted, tortured, and killed, and the dumped, and then a fake police operation or encounter would be staged. Then the this would be labelled the “terrorist running away, so he was killed by the state.” Most were killed extrajudicially and were innocent people who do not have any link with a terrorist organization. Thousands of innocent people were killed extrajudicially. If you look at the whole military set of operations, not a single leader of these terrorist organizations was killed in these military operations. Who were these people? These were never shared with the public. Who were these terrorists who were killed? How did the Pakistani military come to the conclusion that this person was a terrorist? No kind of information was given to this day. No one knows, never even names have been given, the information has not even been given to the Parliament. There is one parliamentarian who belongs to the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement.

He has raised questions in the Parliament. He asked the Defense Department to give him the list of the terrorists killed in military operations because more than a dozen have been done. He wants the list. Not even the list of names of people has been provided. Similarly, extrajudicial killing and enforced disappearances became a big phenomenon. Most of the people, even if someone is not innocent, you cannot make them a victim of enforced disappearance. So, thousands of people became victims of enforced disappearances. They are brought internment centers. They are not given the right to a free and fair trial. They are not given the right to access family. They are not given the right to access to a lawyer. Once someone has gone missing, I have met families whose family members are missing for years, for 10 years, for 14 years. They do not know where they have gone. Enforced disappearance is another issue with targeted killings too. The local head witness and the Pakistan military, itself, has allowed terrorist organizations organize in their villages and to kill the local people. No action will be taken against the terrorist organizations, except in the name of military organizations crimes were committed. All of the human rights abuses were committed by Pakistan state military during the war against terror.

Jacobsen: With the lack of transparency with the public comes the basis for a lack of accountability to the public and to the international community, especially around human rights and humanitarian law, what is the status of freedom of expression and freedom of the press in Pakistan?

Ismail: If you speak about the tribal areas of Pakistan, then there is complete informational blackout. There is no T.V. There is only in some parts where you can listen to radio. No T.V. and no internet, the Pakistani government and the Prime Minister of Pakistan speaks so much about the lockdown of Kashmir. He speaks so much against the shutdown of internet in Kashmir. In the tribal areas of Pakistan, this has been like this forever. I do not if internet was ever even given to the trial areas of Pakistan. So, there is complete informational blackout in the tribal areas of Pakistan. In the rest of Pakistan, the situation for freedom of expression is really difficult. It is dire. There is no freedom of expression for voices of dissent. People who are dissidents. People who think differently; people who are critical of the state policy. In Pakistan, only religious clerics has freedom of expression. Only terrorist organizations have freedom of expression. Only banned terrorist organizations have freedom of expression. Human rights activists and common people do not have freedom of expression. IF they dare to use freedom of expression, like my father, then they are booked for cases for terrorism or cybercrime. The cybercrime case filed against his because he has been accused of speaking against the government. In the whole civilized world, you would not put someone in prison because they are being critical of the government. The FIR of my father says that he has been charged for cybercrime because he has speaking against the government. So, the regressive laws like cybercrimes laws and anti-terrorism laws of Pakistan are used against voices of dissent. I am not the only dissident. I am not the only human rights activist who had to flee the country to save my life. Many dissidents have to flee the country, to leave the country, to save their lives. There is a huge community where so many people had to leave Pakistan because it was no longer safe for them living in Pakistan. It was because of their political opinions. They were no longer tolerated in Pakistan for their political opinions.

Jacobsen: How many cases of humanists and others of a similar freethinker stripe, given the information blackout when bad things happen to them, whether injury, death, or otherwise, simply go unnoticed via the information blackout?

Ismail: I do not know how many cases go unreported, Scott, to be honest; because if there is no information, I don’t know the real figures. However, based on the religious fundamentalism and the support militants have enjoyed, I am sure many cases go unreported. The data available, I am sure this is unrepresentative and the persecution by state authorities and by the community is much greater.

Jacobsen: Are you still considered the most dangerous woman from Pakistan?

Ismail: Well [Laughing]…

Jacobsen: …[Laughing]…

Ismail: …just last week, Pakistan submitted an appeal in the court asking to cancel the appeal of my father, as he was booked on a cybercrime case. He is on bail now. But Pakistan is trying to cancel the bail of him. He has been tortured and persecuted because he is my father. In January when my mother received a letter, she is on the Exit Control List. This is based on my being the most dangerous person in Pakistan.

Jacobsen: This title, the most dangerous woman in Pakistan, whether a formal title or informally implied, is going to follow you for the rest of your life. This is not something that just goes away.

Ismail:  Yes, I think those who are ready for war. Those who support terrorism. Patriarchal institutions too, I am glad that they see me as the most dangerous person.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Ismail: They should be really, really afraid that, now, they have a strong woman who is out there to expose their agenda [Laughing].

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Ismail: She will not sit back. Until, they are all held accountable. I am glad that they think I am dangerous.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Co-Founder, Aware Girls.

[2] Individual Publication Date: May 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-3; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights, North Waziristan, and Being the Most Dangerous Person in Pakistan: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3) [Online]. May 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-3.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, May 15). Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights, North Waziristan, and Being the Most Dangerous Person in Pakistan: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-3.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights, North Waziristan, and Being the Most Dangerous Person in Pakistan: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, May. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-3>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights, North Waziristan, and Being the Most Dangerous Person in Pakistan: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-3.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights, North Waziristan, and Being the Most Dangerous Person in Pakistan: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (May 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-3.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights, North Waziristan, and Being the Most Dangerous Person in Pakistan: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-3>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights, North Waziristan, and Being the Most Dangerous Person in Pakistan: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-3.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights, North Waziristan, and Being the Most Dangerous Person in Pakistan: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): May. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismakil-3>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights, North Waziristan, and Being the Most Dangerous Person in Pakistan: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3) [Internet]. (2021, May 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-3.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Travelling and Youth: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: May 8, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,208

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Uwe Michael Neumann developed a love of photography when he got his first camera, a Polaroid, at the age of eight years old. From 1982 to 1988, Neumann diverted from photography, studying law at Cologne State University. But his love of photography, driven by curiosity and the desire to see new things and discover and show their beauty, always called him back. He conducted his first photo tour in Provence, France in 1992. In 1998 he visited New York where he further developed his photographic style; experimenting with verticals and keystone/perspectives. Launching into the field of international cooperation he combined his daily work with his photography in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia, Finland, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden and Ukraine. In November 2014, Neumann attended the wedding of a daughter of the Sultan of Foumban, Princess Janina, in Foumban, north-west of Cameroon. There he met and became friends with the famous French photographer and producer, Alain Denis who inspired him to become a professional photographer, instructing him in portrait and landscape photography. After his life-changing visit to Cameroon in 2014 Neumann returned there in February 2015 taking photographs of Central Africa’s unique nature and everyday life, which differed greatly from Europe, and even tourist destinations in Africa like Kenya and the Republic of South Africa. During his stay in Central Africa, he lived in Yaoundé, Cameroon and travelled frequently to Equatorial Guinea, the Central African Republic, Gabon, Chad and Congo Brazzaville, among the poorest countries in the world. He also visited and photographed Algeria, Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo), Benin, Kenya, Egypt, Mauretania and the Republic of South Africa. Neumann focused on often-overlooked treasures in nature, the environment, and beauty in places seemingly dominated by poverty. In October 2017, Neumann returned to Berlin and worked on over 90,000 photos from Africa, launching his first exhibition in May in ‘Animus Kunstgalerie’, Berlin. In October 2018 his exhibition ‘Inner Africa’ in GH 36 gallery in Berlin was focused on Central Africa displaying not only a huge variety of photographs, but also traditional masks from different regions. In 2019 and 2020, other exhibitions at Bülow90, Berlin and Nils Hanke, Berlin followed. In Ghent, Belgium, he was a speaker at the European Mensa Meeting 2019 on Africa and presented some of his works.  He was also invited to present his works in the online exhibition e-mERGING a r t i S T S. and again at GH36 in the exhibition No Time. One of his photos was on the title page of the Norwegian magazine Dyade in 2019. His photos have also been featured several times in the online Magazine Foto Minimal & Art. In December 2021 his works were part of an exhibition at Basel Art Center in Basel, Switzerland. He discusses: background, photography, Yaounde, and the high-IQ mental lifestyle.  

Keywords: Cameroon, IQ, photography, Uwe Michael Neumann, Yaounde.

Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Travelling and Youth: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (1)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: So, we are here today with Uwe Michael Neumann. If individuals are in some of the High IQ communities and examine some of the biographical and online information, the one thing that comes straight to the fore, for me, is the extensive amount of travel that you’ve done, in terms of doing the photography. So, I guess my first question would be, did you travel very much as a youngster? When did visual arts, photography become very important for you?

Uwe Michael Neumann[1],[2]*: Yes. They became important for me. I was always a visual type. And I got my first camera, I think, when I was eight or so. That was a Polaroid, you could press the button and then the photo came out at the bottom of the camera. So, yes, I was not continuously doing photography, but from time to time. But I was always interested in that. So, yes, I was not so much travelling because my family was not particularly with the science, so to speak. The modest background, so, the only trouble we had was through Austria in the holidays mostly when I was a kid. And also, later as a student, I couldn’t afford travelling too much. So, actually, when I was studying law for five years, I couldn’t travel anywhere. I didn’t travel at all.

And so, when I made my first money, I started travelling to France and then I started at some point working in southeastern Europe. So, I very often took my camera with me. And I saw a lot of different small countries here, but they are quite different to Germany because they have been part of the Soviet bloc somehow. So, they have a different development. I was also in Albania, which was completely isolated during the Cold War. They were allied with China, at least formally. And then somehow this developed, and at some point, I wanted to go to Africa. My ex-wife and me, we had friends there. It came up. I also made friends in central Africa. Also, some years before I had been at a conference in Bordeaux, in France. And for me, as a German, it was very interesting to see when you went at the French conference. They have guests or they have corporations with their former colonies.

So, I was at a conference of the French trade union, but there were many people from Africa because they are connected still. And I don’t know the exactly how that goes exactly, but they are also involved in – let’s say they were there. So, I made friends with a guy from Mali. I still have the contact now. It was 20 years ago. We are still writing each other. So, I’m also interested in how it’s going on there because when you follow the official media, you don’t get so much information about, not so much precise information, about certain countries or Africa. So, I was always keen to work on that. At some point, I got the contract to work there for three years as a project leader. So, I also, of course, took my camera with me and started taking pictures of Africa.

Actually, before we were invited to a marriage of an actual princess and an actual sultan, so, in Cameroon, you have these official structures or the modern state structures, but you have also the traditional structures. So, you have also the sultan of a region in the northwest. So, he’s also a senator. So, he has two functions. He has a state official function and then he’s also officially the sultan. We were invited to a marriage of one of his daughters, a princess. And it was really like a fairy tale, somehow. When I worked there, my house was in Yaounde. My office was in Yaounde, which is the capital of Cameroon, but I was also responsible for the five other countries (Chad, Congo Brazzaville, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Zentral African Republic).

So, I did a lot of traveling not only by plane, but also by car. We went through the jungle. We went through the borders; and we passed the border controls. So, that is quite an interesting experience. When you come from Europe, you could at least travel before corona without any problems. You just drive over the border; and there was no border control anymore in the last years. And in Cameroon, Africa, there is really strict border control that takes you one hour to get through, let’s say. And they have their procedures and their forms; and it’s very slow. And they have fences; and it’s like in the Cold War, basically. So, yes, that reminded me a little bit of the wall because when I was young, with my family we went to East Germany. It was also like that. You had to apply in advance a month before to go to East Germany.

And you have to prove that you have relatives there and you had to change money. And then there was really a border wall; and there were fences; and there were controls. It was taking lots of time, half an hour, one hour,. The fence, of course, and it’s unimaginable. Now, you just go through; and you don’t see anything anymore. But there was a real wall, of course. So that was also very exotic because the lifestyle, the way of living in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR), was completely different from all the Western countries. So, for us, when we went to the Netherlands or to France, it was like, “Okay, this is different.” But the style of life, the living, the system of works, was similar, but in the GDR; it was completely different.

For instance, you couldn’t just go in the shop and buy something because, very often, there was nothing to buy; and people were standing in line outside the shops. And then, sometimes, they even didn’t know what’s inside, what they are selling, but they just bought it to trade it in later with their friends. So, they trade it. They made barter trading. So, they bought something, which they could exchange with somebody to get something so very basic. It’s not for us, of course; it’s not a foreign country, but it was very exciting to go there and was very different at that time. So, yes, basically, that’s how it went. I guess you contacted me because of my membership in Mensa, and so on. And, of course, the good thing about these High IQ societies is that you get to know people from all over the world.

During the first phase of the Covid pandemic, we were having talks not on Zoom, but on a similar thing we’d see. It was running for 24 hours. So, when we were in our evening time, the first people from Canada showed up. So, that was also very fascinating.

Jacobsen: Really like zoological specimen.

Neumann: Yes, I’m very interested. I think that’s typical for high IQ people. You’re interested to see new things and to meet new people, and so on. You easily get bored at some point. So, the daily routine, it’s difficult to keep for us.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: May 8, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-1; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Travelling and Youth: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (1) [Online]. May 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-1.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, May 8). Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Travelling and Youth: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (1). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-1.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Travelling and Youth: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (1). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, May. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-1>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Travelling and Youth: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-1.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Travelling and Youth: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (May 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-1.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Travelling and Youth: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-1>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Travelling and Youth: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-1.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Travelling and Youth: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): May. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-1>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Uwe Michael Neumann on Travelling and Youth: Member, CIVIQ High IQ Society (1) [Internet]. (2021, May 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/neumann-1.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Zia-ul-Haq, Misogyny, Religion, Faith, Science, and Pakistani Politics: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: May 8, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,919

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Gulalai Ismail is a Co-Founder of Aware Girls. She has been awarded the Democracy Award from the National Endowment for Democracy, the Anna Politkovskaya Award, and recognized as one of the 100 Leading Global Thinkers of 2013 by Foreign Policy. She discusses: faith, misogyny, and uplifting women; science, religion, and the status quo in Pakistan; Aware Girls and Saba Ismail; and extremist organizing.

Keywords: Aware Girls, extremists, faith, Gulalai Ismail, Humanism, Islam, misogyny, Pakistan, religion, Saba Ismail, science, Zia-ul-Haq.

Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Zia-ul-Haq, Misogyny, Religion, Faith, Science, and Pakistani Politics: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted April 24, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: In some cultures where there is some of the more extreme forms of violence against women and girls, where we see genital mutilation, infibulation, and clitoridectomy, it is mixed up between culture and faith.

How are forms of explicit misogyny in practice – let alone an attitude – reflected in religious values and in cultural values? On the other side, which religious and cultural values appear to uplift women in Pakistan?

Gulalai Ismail[1],[2]: Very interesting question, religion, Islam, has been part of our cultures and every community for hundreds of years. It has mixed with the local culture. So, faith and culture are very strongly linked with each other. I think faith is part of the culture. It is one sub-part of the culture.

They are strongly linked to each other. The religion has changed a lot. It has influenced in so many ways. Faith has influenced and shaped the culture, the festivals, the community activities. In Pakistan, especially in the Northwest of Pakistan, I have seen – and my parents have seen – how regularly the religious fundamentalists took up more political space.

They gained more political space and gained more cultural space. So, the cultural events, the cultural festivals, were declared by the religious clerics as non-Islamic and bad. They were banned or abandoned by the people under the influenced of the religious extremists.

So many cultural events and cultural activities, which used to happen a decade ago, or two or three decades ago, they used to happen; they are not happening now. All the faith-based festivals or mostly faith-based festivals are happening now.

Even some of the cultural events have still survived, however, they are always under attack. People from the agricultural communities, especially from the Punjab, would come together and fly kites.

They would sing. They would dance. They would fly kites. Now, the festival is under attack by state actors and by the religious fundamentalists calling this un-Islamic and part of Hindu culture. Therefore, they should not celebrate it.

Pakistan is such a diverse country because many nations live in Pakistan. Every nation has their own culture. So, sometimes, the festivals are very beautiful. The languages are very beautiful. Not much has been done by the state authorities to preserve the culture and the music.

There is only one federal institute alongside the Pakistan National Council of the Arts at the federal level. These are the two state institutes, federal level institutions, working to preserve languages, music, and culture. They are just two institutes.

There is not much at the state or the culture level to preserve the beautiful parts of the culture because, in Pakistan, the resources is linked to the polices. Pakistan is a country where the resources are invested heavily in defense and security.

On the whole, it is promoting the narrative that Pakistan is a security state. The money is spent on the manta that we are under attack by India and Israel, and the Jews, are conspiring against us; India is conspiring against us. We are under attack on all sides.

Therefore, we need a stronger security and more investment in defense. So, much of the money is spent on tanks, bombs, on the nuclear bomb, education in our curriculum, children are not taught about the music, the heritage, the diversity. They are mostly taught about religion. You will find religion in English course books.

You will find religion in Pakistan study books [Laughing]. You will find religion in Islam study books. You will find religion in Urdu study books. Religion is studied so much in Pakistan. Religion and religious intolerances are taught as the thinking for the kids in education.

Religion has been a huge space in the cultural and political life. Look at the corona pandemic, in the midst of the corona pandemic, every country of the world is asking its people and issuing guidelines to stay at home. The countries are on lockdown.

The whole world is under lockdown. The governments are asking people only to come out for necessities. Only on necessities is business ongoing. During the month of Ramadan, the month of Ramadan has started.

When it starts, even countries like Saudi Arabia, which I think is [Laughing] the epitome of a religious country, when Saudi Arabia mentions the closing of the mosques during the month of Ramadan, people have to stay at home.

The Kaaba is one of the holiest places for Muslims. It has been closed down due to the coronavirus. In Pakistan, the president invited the delegation of religious clerics before the month of Ramadan started. They had twenty demands from the government.

The twenty demands were the mosques must remain open for prayers and prayers much continue. All demands were accepted by the government. It was announced the mosques would remain open for Ramadan prayers during the month of Ramadan. That is a very dangerous president.

Pakistan does not have accessible healthcare. We have a very bleak healthcare system. If the pandemic hit us the way it has hit countries like the U.S. or Europe, then Pakistan will be seeing dead bodies on the roads. Because our healthcare system cannot afford it.

We do not have a strong healthcare system, even the strongest healthcare systems are breaking down in the pandemic. We do not have a system. The government of Pakistan, they agreed to the demands of the religious clerics at the cost of lives of the people.

During the corona pandemic, when all over the world, the media channels are inviting either the mayors, governors, who are giving briefings to people, and the doctors and medical experts. They are coming and giving information on it.

In Pakistan, every media is bringing religious leaders to talk about corona pandemic. Too much media, public space has been given to religious elements at the cost of the lives of people, at the cost of the destruction of the society of Pakistan.

Jacobsen: The former Nobel Prize winner Abdus Salam noted one thing to Steven Weinberg who he collaborated with in the past. He noted that an individual who is in many Middle Eastern countries with Muslim heritage. They will very easily and widely accept the technological and technical masteries that are brought about by science. All of the technological marvels and wonders that one can see implemented in Dubai or in the United Arab Emirates in general, or elsewhere. At the same time, the attitude and thought process of science that brings about the findings through that methodology. Those, he noted, were very, very hard to bring to a wide audience because the religious leaders and some of the political leaders saw this, in essence, as a threat. This is according to Steven Weinberg. In that, this would be an erosive or corrosive force on fundamentalist ideologies. How is this reflected in some of the Pakistan? Not only in the press briefing with religious clerics, but also in the attitudes of the public towards technology, on the one hand, and science as an attitude, a methodology, and a set of findings, on the other.

Ismail: In Pakistan, religion has been used in so many different ways for the benefit of maintaining status quo. It goes back to the history of Pakistan. For example, in Pakistan, if you raise the question, “What does it mean to be a Pakistani?” Who are you when you say you are Pakistani? In Pakistan, the Pakistani identity has been made synonymous with being Muslim and to Islam. It has roots in the subcontinent of India. Pakistan was made for Muslims. It was a country to be made for Muslims or in the name of Islam. Religion was made for the subdivision of the Indian subcontinent in the first place. Also, it was made to define what is meant by a Pakistani. That is why you can see how religion slowly, and gradually, took a huge part in the constitution of Pakistan. Pakistan was formed in 1947, but many years later in 1956 when the first constitution was formed; Pakistan was given the name the “Islamic Republic of Pakistan.” The Preamble of the Pakistan Constitution is known as the Objective Resolution. It says, ‘This country made in the name of Islam. The country will be ruled according to Islam.’ According to the Objective Resolution, people are not sovereign units of the country. God is the most sovereign. God is the most sovereign entity. The Objective Resolution was about how it Islamic the whole country. Slowly and gradually, religion was used by religious political parties. The same religious political parties who initially opposed the formation of Pakistan. After the formation of Pakistan, those religious political parties started using religion to gain more access to politics to have more say in the decision-making.

So, religion was mainstreamed by those religious political parties. The political parties and the military dictators were the biggest users of the religion. Zia-ul-Haq was a military dictator. His justification for overthrowing democracy and establishing a military dictatorship was Islam. He started the Islamization of Pakistan. He Islamized the laws of the country. To this day, we have not been able to recover from the Islamization of Zia-ul-Haq. He was the one who introduced many Islamic laws, which we are still part of the laws of Pakistan. They are still used. Sharia courts were established. The religious leaders have been given a role in the judiciary in the form of Sharia courts. Similarly, there is a religious council, an advisory religious council, which gives advice to the Parliament (of Pakistan). The only time the Parliament consults the religious council is when the Parliament has to legislate about women’s rights. The only time the Parliament thinks that they need to counsel these advisors is for women’s rights. Women are at the receiving end of the mainstreaming of religion in Pakistan. As I said, it has been used by Pakistan military. Then religion has been used for the strategic interests. The military establishment of Pakistan along with the political parties have used religion as a strategic asset. For example, when Pakistan had been supporting Taliban in Afghanistan. Religion was used to recruit people for Jihad.

There are hundreds of madrassahs, hundreds of jihad training institutions, founded all over Pakistan, so people could be brainwashed and trained for jihad in Afghanistan. The school curriculums were changed all over Pakistan. More religion was inserted in the curriculum. The narratives of jihad could be promoted. They are still part of the curriculum. Those jihad materials are still part of the curriculum. So, religion has been used by the military establishment and the political parties. They have been using religion to enjoy more control at the cost of destroying the social fabric of the society. As I said to you, religion is a big part of the curriculum; so, critical thinking skills are not part of the curriculum. People are never given – children, young people – the skills to criticize, to question. Criticism or raising questions, the whole school culture in built in a way that students are discouraged from raising questions. Students are not encouraged to raise questions; they are discouraged from raising questions and from critical thinking skills. So, religion has been used to maintain status quo in Pakistan. Throughout the previous decades, the military establishment, and mainstream political parties, have mainstreamed religious political parties. Most of the terrorist organizations in Pakistan. They try to emerge in the form of political parties. They run their election campaigns. They secure a huge amount; they will not be able to make it to the Parliament, but they secure a huge number of votes.

Jacobsen: When you founded Aware Girls, was it 16?

Ismail: Yes, I was 16.

Jacobsen: A co-founder with Saba (Ismail), what were some discussions that you can recall between Saba and you?

Ismail: While living in a girl while we were witnessing, even becoming victims, to the gender discrimination, we really wanted to do something to change it. One of my cousins was almost our age when she wanted to become a pilot. She was taken out of school and married to a person in the family who was almost twice her age. It was a time when we were very shocked and traumatized how one of our own cousins could be taken out of school and not be given the opportunity to go to school and pursue her dreams. This was the breaking point for us. We could not do anything. We discussed this a lot with our families. No one would listen to these two small girls who were discontented with the cousin’s marriage. We could not do anything to stop the marriage. We wanted to do something. So, it would not happen to any other woman. We talked to women and girls in our neighbourhood, in our schools. Most of the time, when we would discuss this with girls, we would not find a lot of interest among the girls. [Laughing] Starting a revolution against the gender discrimination, most of the girls had internalized it. I think the discrimination is internalized as a defense mechanism. We were these young girls. We thought, “These young girls are not allowed to make a movement, to resist against Patriarchy. Because they are not aware of their rights.” We decided to start by giving them education and awareness of their human rights. We started this campaign with the name of “Aware Girls.” It was a campaign to give girls awareness and education on their rights.

Once in our head, the idea, ‘Once they are aware of their rights and have some leadership skills, they will be able to speak up for their rights. We would go and the girls would have discussions about the issues faced in their daily lives. The kind of discrimination aced by them. What can be done, how they can negotiate for themselves inside of the home in their families for their rights, how to negotiate their rights, that is how it started. Once we started, of course, the more we learned. It is not just about lack of knowledge with the young girls. It is about lack of opportunities, lack of platforms, and about a conducive environment. Girls need a conducive environment to exercise their human rights. It needs supportive families. It needs supportive communities. It needs a state there for young girls to protect their rights. We got involved in advocacy work. We were working on changing the laws. We were working on leadership skills for girls in leadership. In 2009, we started working on peacebuilding after the region was threatened with terrorism and recruitments by the Taliban or by the militant organizations.

Jacobsen: How do terrorist organizations, extremist organizations, encourage men into their ranks, women into their ranks? And how do those men and women who end up in them become slotted to particular roles?

Ismail: The recruitment was started by the state. When they wanted to recruit people for jihad. The number of madrassahs were increased, and the number of terrorist institutes were founded. The media was used by the state. The media was sued to promote the narrative, the extremist narratives. The curriculum was used. In Pakistan, most of the people have been indoctrinated with a fundamentalist form of Islam. It is really easy for militant organizations and for terrorist organizations to identify the most vulnerable in the community and to reach out and recruit them. The madrassah training centers have been used to recruit people. Most of the time, these are the centers for recruitment. Mosques have been used. These militant organizations’ leadership, even until now, visit mosques and introduce themselves. They ask people to come and down join them. They have been given a lot of power to do huge political gatherings. Even last year, there was a huge political gathering of banned terrorist organizations, where they asked people. They took bait. They took promises of people offering for them to join jihad. They do huge public gatherings. They recruit people through mosques and religious madrassahs. Also, they recruit people who are vulnerable, who have different issues, who like the idea of war, who like the idea of weapons, or who like the ideas of jihad.

Also, they recruit through community. There are a number of women madrassahs. Most of the women have been recruited through those religious madrassahs. For example, there was a very famous case, where a madrassah teacher was going to join ISIS along with more than a dozen students of the madrassah. She was arrested and brought. It is not just mosques and religious schools. It is, as I said, generally through community and online recruitment is done and social media is used. Our public schools are good enough to indoctrinate people. There was a very famous case a few years back when a student from medical college. She was a student of medical college. She was recruited online for ISIS. Then she was brought back. This was how we got to know of the incident. Women are recruited are online from public universities, and from religious schools. The militant organizations have a huge network. Their network is limited to universities, schools. They have networks in the bureaucracy as well. They are in the military of Pakistan as well. Even within the military of Pakistan, you could see. People have been indoctrinated with the idea of jihad. It is real. Therefore, they should go for jihad. Almost every part of the society has their network, their people.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Co-Founder, Aware Girls.

[2] Individual Publication Date: May 8, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-2; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Zia-ul-Haq, Misogyny, Religion, Faith, Science, and Pakistani Politics: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2) [Online]. May 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-2.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, May 8). Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Zia-ul-Haq, Misogyny, Religion, Faith, Science, and Pakistani Politics: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-2.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Zia-ul-Haq, Misogyny, Religion, Faith, Science, and Pakistani Politics: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, May. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-2>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Zia-ul-Haq, Misogyny, Religion, Faith, Science, and Pakistani Politics: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-2.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Zia-ul-Haq, Misogyny, Religion, Faith, Science, and Pakistani Politics: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (May 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-2.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Zia-ul-Haq, Misogyny, Religion, Faith, Science, and Pakistani Politics: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-2>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Zia-ul-Haq, Misogyny, Religion, Faith, Science, and Pakistani Politics: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-2.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Zia-ul-Haq, Misogyny, Religion, Faith, Science, and Pakistani Politics: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): May. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-2>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Zia-ul-Haq, Misogyny, Religion, Faith, Science, and Pakistani Politics: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2) [Internet]. (2021, May 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-2.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Mr. Sudarshan Murthy on: Member, World Genius Directory (2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: May 8, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,013

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Mr. Sudarshan Murthy is a Member of the World Genius Directory. He self-describes as follows: “My name is Sudarshan Murthy. I am 41 years old male from Bangalore, India. I have studied Master of Pharmacy and working in the research and development of Nutrition Products for general wellness and disease-specific products. I am a creative individual and published research papers in journals and also published books on appropriate strategies for curing acidity and ulcers of the stomach and intestine. I have developed a product called Glucovita Bolts which is a chewable tablet of Glucose and Vitamins and Minerals for energy and reduction of fatigue. This product can be taken by individuals who suffer from chronic fatigue. My hobbies are numismatics, philately and travelling. My interests are astronomy, reading books, solving IQ tests, understanding the secrets of ancient knowledge particularly Indian Vedas which I believe is a storehouse of profound knowledge on various aspects of life and the cosmos.” He discusses: grandfather; proposed medicines; importance of education; missing out on meeting with close relatives; education; innate ingenuity; Mysterium; theories or ideas; Newton; Leonardo Da Vinci; Sushrutha; Bhaskaracharya; “deep observation”; the mind of a genius; the more promising paths; order; the disagreements among “different religions”; scientific principles; eternal mysteries; rule utilitarianism; situational ethics; politics; tripartite metaphysical formulation; and societies.

Keywords: Bhaskaracharya, family, genius, Isaac Newton, Leonardo Da Vinci, metaphysics, order, Rule Utilitarianism, Situational Ethics, Sudarshan Murthy, Sushrutha.

Conversation with Mr. Sudarshan Murthy on Grandfather, Education in Family, Regrets, Newton, Da Vinci, Sushrutha, Bhaskaracharya, Science, and Ethics: Member, World Genius Directory (2)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: As your grandfather was illiterate and living in a village without formal education, your story seems like one of triumph in spite of the circumstances. Why did he study Ayurvedic by himself?

Mr. Sudarshan Murthy[1],[2]*: My Grandfather was an orphan. He was in a small village. He then came to the city in search of a job. When he came here he was taken into the shelter by an elderly gentleman who was an Ayurvedic physician. He took my grandfather as an office boy for his clinic. My grandfather was having sharp intellect. He developed an interest in medicines and gradually became a compounder and then finally started to understand the medicines and Ayurveda under his master’s guidance. As the master’s children were not interested in Ayurveda the master started teaching Ayurveda to my grandfather. My grandfather took a keen interest in this and then started his own clinic. Since he became well-versed in Ayurveda he started developing his own medicines.

Jacobsen: What were some of the proposed medicines by your grandfather?

Murthy: He developed Ayurvedic medicines for memory, hairfall, diarrhea and high fever. He was doing clinical trials on medicines for children’s health when he suddenly expired.

Jacobsen: Between the home life, the surgeon, the doctor, and the electrical engineer, what is the importance of education within the family?

Murthy: I personally believe that education is important to get formal accreditation to start our professional practice but everything depends on our ability to apply our knowledge in our chosen education to be successful in our life. Education, by itself, cannot guarantee success in life. It is the innate ability and ingenuity which is required to succeed in our life. There are many such examples. Baba Ramdev from India who started Patanjali Ayurved became a Rs.10000 Crore company in a span of 6 years which many multinational companies have failed to achieve. He is having no formal Ayurvedic education. He is now invited to IIT and IIM to coach students on how to achieve success in life.

Jacobsen: Do you regret missing out on meeting with close relatives in a different start when younger?

Murthy: Yes I feel bad that I was not able to meet and stay with close relatives during my younger days when intimate relationships do form and stay long-lasting. Now I am not having any close relationship which helps to build emotional strength. This makes me feel lonely and insecure.

Jacobsen: Why pursue the education in pharmacy, business administration, food and nutrition, writing, and the sciences regarding clinical trials?

Murthy: I am crazy as far as education is concerned. I am interested to learn a variety of knowledge, especially in medical field. But only technical knowledge is not sufficient to progress in life but it requires business sense also so I studied business administration.

Jacobsen: Why are internal qualities of “innate ingenuity” so often unseen or unobserved without a formal test, even by the person with the innate ingenuity? It seems counterintuitive at first blush.

Murthy:I think that the world is based on the principle of “what you see is what you believe” and every person is also framed like that. We don’t believe ourselves till we see what we have done. This is a problem with genius people. They don’t believe themselves till others make them see what they have done.

Jacobsen: Is Mysterium still extant?

Murthy: I saw the group on facebook. Mr. Monte Washburn is the admin. The name is “Mysterium Society”.

Jacobsen: Do you have any particular theories or ideas that you’re trying to advance?

Murthy: I don’t have any particular theories or ideas to advance. I believe any theory which is made for common good without exploitation.

Jacobsen: What makes Newton one of the great historical geniuses, in character and in productions?

Murthy: Newton is great because he first observed the theory of gravity operating in the earth by observing and thinking why did apple fall on the ground why did it not go up. As I mentioned before this quality of profound observation is what makes a person genius.

Of course his three laws of motion and various other inventions make him one of the greatest historical geniuses.

Jacobsen: What makes Leonardo Da Vinci one of the great historical geniuses, in character and in productions?

Murthy: The same argument which I put forth for Newton applies here also. Many people know about him and his various inventions but what I admire in him is that he could write with both hands and he could write the words /sentences in their mirror image as well simultaneously. This shows his profound imagination and his ability to visualize the mirror image without actually seeing in mirror. This is an extraordinary quality of usage of his mind.

Jacobsen: What makes Sushrutha one of the great historical geniuses, in character and in productions?

Murthy: Sushrutha is considered the first surgeon of India. He was so brilliant that he could actually fit the nose to a person who had lost his nose. In those olden times, he could perform surgery when knowledge of medical science was not so advanced. This makes him one of the historical geniuses of India. Some even say that he could perform cloning and also able to fit one animal’s body part into humans. Even today we don’t know how this can be done without eliciting organ rejection by the body.

Jacobsen: What makes Bhaskaracharya one of the great historical geniuses, in character and in productions?

Murthy: Bhaskaracharya was an ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer who is said to have discovered gravity much before Newton. He is also known for developing various mathematical equations on algebra, geometry and trigonometry. His achievements can be found on google search. This makes him one of the historical geniuses of his time.

Jacobsen: Can “deep observation” be trained, or is it more innate?

Murthy: I believe deep observation can be trained.

Jacobsen: What explains the level of creativity in the “application of ideas that originates from the mind of a genius”?

Murthy: Let me give you an example of the Wright brothers. Every human being saw the birds flying in the air on an almost daily basis. But it was the minds of the Wright brothers who thought why humans can’t fly. This gave them the idea of designing a machine like a bird having wings that can be used to fly off humans. The result we see today is the aeroplane.

This shows that geniuses can convert the ideas into reality, i.e., they not only get ideas but also know how to apply them as well.

Jacobsen: What are some of the more promising paths for the “various medical and nutrition products in the healthcare industry”?

Murthy: Hippocrates once said, “Let food be your medicine and medicine be your food”. This explains that the food that we eat should be healthy and suitable for our body and mind. Also, the medicine should be in the form of food and not be a separate entity which we take only when we fall sick. The ultimate meaning I believe is that food is healthy to our body and mind i.e.it should make our body and mind fit and should act as medicine to ensure we do not fall sick. The junk foods and synthetic medicines of today are not healthy. They do harm our body in some way or the other. Many medicines are not without side effects.

Jacobsen: Why can “such order” not “happen on its own”?

Murthy: This is a mystery to me. If we the events around us happening or happened in the past it becomes clear that order did not happen on its own. This is because nature is always in the process of change. The process of constant change does not allow the order to happen on its own. For example, seasons change so do the flowering pattern and birds migration. This changes the order. Some plants bloom in winter while some die. Some viruses become active in winter while some lie dormant or die.

Jacobsen: What do you make the disagreements among “different religions” on the aspects, form, and interactions with humanity, even representations to human beings, of “this supreme intelligence” called “God”?

Murthy: There is a story about 7 blind men describing the elephant in seven different ways. All of them are partly true but none correctly describing the elephant as it is. This is what applies to different religions representing the supreme intelligence in their own ways without any knowing correct representation of God. The religions still today is similar to the blind men describing an elephant, partly correct but not wholly true.

Jacobsen: What scientific principles most intrigue you?

Murthy: One scientific principle that intrigues me and also teaches me that all are created equal is the free fall principle. When two or more objects of different masses are allowed to fall freely at the same time from a similar height they fall at the same time irrespective of their masses but our thinking says that objects with greater mass should fall first. This is the most intriguing phenomenon in science.

 Jacobsen: What things about nature seem like eternal mysteries rather than problems with the potential for solution?

Murthy: There are two such things which appear as eternal mysteries of nature: – Why does the natural death occur, i.e., why do animals age and die? The second mystery is: why children born to the same parents have different life events?

Jacobsen: Why rule utilitarianism for an ethical philosophy more than others?

Murthy: Ethical philosophy is concerned with morally right or wrong and utilitarianism is based on morality which advocates actions that bring happiness and pleasure and opposes any action that causes harm. Hence any action which is done to bring happiness and pleasure automatically becomes morally right and otherwise actions that bring unhappiness and pain to all is morally wrong.

Jacobsen: What make situational ethics best for a social philosophy? Does this tie into rule utilitarianism?

Murthy: As I said before social philosophy concerns itself with social behaviour and interprets the society in terms of ethical behaviour i.e. right or wrong and situational ethics is concerned about the particular context of an act when evaluating ethically. Both these are concerned with ethics i.e. what is morally right or wrong. Thus situational ethics is best for social philosophy as helps in evaluating morally right and wrong actions. Rule utilitarianism is concerned with actions that bring the greatest good. I believe that any actions/behavior in society that brings the greatest good for all is morally right. Thus situational ethics is best for social philosophy and both these can be linked to the philosophy of rule utilitarianism.

Jacobsen: Why should politics be above religion or beliefs of people? It seems as if a formal argument for secularism.

Murthy: The politics should be for the benefit and greatest for all. The religion or beliefs of people may not always be for the greatest good of all people but maybe only for their specific religion or belief. Secularism is something seen away from religion and not based on the greatest good for all. It is a viewpoint and not necessarily for the greatest good of all people. Politics should be for the greatest good for all and includes secularism but not necessarily secularism.

Jacobsen: What is the “spiritual” in this tripartite metaphysical formulation of the physical, the mental including emotion and perception, and the spiritual?

Murthy: Spiritual means relating to our soul and not to material or physical things. Being Spiritual means we become consciously aware that we are all one and are a part of the whole divinity which exists and surrounds us. This is something more than the sensory experience.

Jacobsen: What societies seem to fit these social, economic, political, and philosophical views in one more than others, i.e., practical manifestations of them?

Murthy: As of now I am unable to see any societies that fit all these dimensions. But if all of them come together as one society then maybe it will be.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, World Genius Directory.

[2] Individual Publication Date: May 8, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/murthy-2; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Mr. Sudarshan Murthy on Grandfather, Education in Family, Regrets, Newton, Da Vinci, Sushrutha, Bhaskaracharya, Science, and Ethics: Member, World Genius Directory (2) [Online]. May 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/murthy-2.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, May 8). Conversation with Mr. Sudarshan Murthy on Grandfather, Education in Family, Regrets, Newton, Da Vinci, Sushrutha, Bhaskaracharya, Science, and Ethics: Member, World Genius Directory (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/murthy-2.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Mr. Sudarshan Murthy on Grandfather, Education in Family, Regrets, Newton, Da Vinci, Sushrutha, Bhaskaracharya, Science, and Ethics: Member, World Genius Directory (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, May. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/murthy-2>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Mr. Sudarshan Murthy on Grandfather, Education in Family, Regrets, Newton, Da Vinci, Sushrutha, Bhaskaracharya, Science, and Ethics: Member, World Genius Directory (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/murthy-2.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Mr. Sudarshan Murthy on Grandfather, Education in Family, Regrets, Newton, Da Vinci, Sushrutha, Bhaskaracharya, Science, and Ethics: Member, World Genius Directory (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (May 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/murthy-2.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Mr. Sudarshan Murthy on Grandfather, Education in Family, Regrets, Newton, Da Vinci, Sushrutha, Bhaskaracharya, Science, and Ethics: Member, World Genius Directory (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/murthy-2>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Mr. Sudarshan Murthy on Grandfather, Education in Family, Regrets, Newton, Da Vinci, Sushrutha, Bhaskaracharya, Science, and Ethics: Member, World Genius Directory (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/murthy-2.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Mr. Sudarshan Murthy on Grandfather, Education in Family, Regrets, Newton, Da Vinci, Sushrutha, Bhaskaracharya, Science, and Ethics: Member, World Genius Directory (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): May. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/murthy-2>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Mr. Sudarshan Murthy on Grandfather, Education in Family, Regrets, Newton, Da Vinci, Sushrutha, Bhaskaracharya, Science, and Ethics: Member, World Genius Directory (2) [Internet]. (2021, May 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/murthy-2.

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Conversation with Saba Ismail on Mubarak Bala, Gulalai Ismail, Aware Girls, Talent, and Ethical Exemplars: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (22)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,817

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Saba Ismail is a Co-Founder of Aware Girls. At the age of 15, she co-founded Aware Girls for the empowerment of young women in leadership capacities and to advance social change. She completed a Masters in Biotechnology from COMSATS University Abbot Asad and the Hurford Youth Fellowship with the National Endowment for Democracy. She has worked as Youth Ambassador for Asia Pacific Youth Network (APYN: 2012-2013), the Steering Committee of UNOY, and is an alumnus of the International Visitors Leadership Program in the United States. Ismail was recognized by Foreign Policy as one of the 100 Leader Global Thinkers in 2013. She is the recipient of the Chirac Prize for Conflict Prevention. She discusses: Mubarak Bala in Nigeria; Gulalai; most talented person; and ethical exemplars.

Keywords: Aware Girls, Humanism, Mubarak Bala, Saba Ismail.

Conversation with Saba Ismail on Mubarak Bala, Gulalai Ismail, Aware Girls, Talent, and Ethical Exemplars: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted July 2, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: There’s the ongoing case of Mubarak Bala in Nigeria. This is a very common people who are cofounders of organizations, presidents of organizations. How is this being received in the United States, which is known as a hub of Humanism?

It is one of the areas where secular Humanism took off in the 21st-century.

Saba Ismail[1],[2]: We have gotten support in a good way from our friends and supporters. People that we know. We have really good supporters from senator Schumer’s office, and others. We have got really good support.

Also, there were senators who actually said things on their Twitter publicly supporting the case. Senator Schumer wrote letters when our father was abducted from the high court. He was made a missing person, abducted, and disappeared.

It was the pressure from the U.S., including U.S. senators and State Department. Any support kept our parents safe to some extent. We were told by many people and friends around that it’s because we have the support, international support, in the form of the stories coming up on the New York Times, senators’ offices, and others – high level support, is the reason our parents are alive.

Gulalai and our parents would not be alive anymore. Having a voice when people know you as a credible person, also, I want to mention this. Gulalai didn’t become famous in the last two years. She has been well-known before.

He got a prize in the U.S. Congress in 2013. She got the Shirac Prize in 2013. There was all this international recognition. That is good on the one side. Yet, not everyone will get this recognition and encouragement at such a huge international level. What do you do with other humanists, where people may not know them?

They are not internationally known. It becomes hard to make sure that they are safe, to make sure that they are going through due legal procedures. We are lucky in this. We had a very credible history of 18 years of work.

People saw us when we started as teenagers. People saw us growing up and evolving in Pakistan and outside of Pakistan. I think, definitely, when someone has become part of this theme for decades, almost two decades.

They know what kind of person you are and what values and principles you stand for. That’s why people are still with us. There were several institutions, several organizations that should with us. Not because we knew them shortly or something, but because we had a really long relationship with each one of those individuals or institutions.

There are so many activists in Pakistan. Recently, I found this one doctor. She had to record a video statement for what she supported, what she said. Humanists issued a statement, recently; even though, she is well-known in Pakistan.

People stood up for her. But because she is not so well-known, she is not so safe. People have different kinds of priorities. What I am saying, if humanists don’t have the really strong support working, it is hard for them to be safe.

Our family’s case, I was based outside of the States. I was not being monitored by these security agencies. I was not be surveilled all the time. Because we would go together all the time. Gulalai was going through hiding all the time.

I was going through a different experience. My parents were going through a different experience. What helped us, I had the privilege to contact and do all this communication, whether with civil society, international community, UN, diplomatic channels.

It was only because I had a really known history of work and experience and people knew me. If a lot of people didn’t even know me. I also knew how to communicate my message. Who are the people who I should contact in this situation? How should I build my strategy?

I couldn’t contact my parents. I didn’t talk to my mother for months when Gulalai was in hiding. Her phone was taken away by security agencies. It was not safe for her to turn her phone on. When you are really disconnected, I didn’t know if she was safe or if arrested, or in custody.

I couldn’t talk to my mother. I couldn’t speak to my father. “This happened. This many people came.” That’s all I could get from him. It is important for humanists and activists to build strategies. I know situations are different and know the different persecution activists face.

From my place, having a strategy, having a person as in our case, it really helped. Gulalai didn’t know anything about these stories coming out of the New York Times. There were statements by humanists and several other institutions and Frontline, Lines for Peacebuilding, Global Observatory, FIDH, etc.

They were several statements. One day, on the day when our Imran Khan was doing his speech, we mobilized people who can go to the embassy. Every day, it would be petitions and all these supporters. Some were public petitions.

Some were open letters. All of that diplomatic work that happened, as I said. It is really important, as least from our experience, what really helped us. I was outside. I was not going through what my parents were going through.

Of course, I was in extreme stress, but I was not going through what they went through. I was in a position. I was in a privileged position. I had more privileges compared to my parents. I was able to mobilize everything.

We did a lot of background work before Gulalai became public and filing her asylum case. We did several visits to Washington, D.C. Several before she became public. It was a lot of work. Everything she went through, where do we want to go? Who should we contact? It was making her safe.

We met with F.B.I. We met with N.Y.P.D. We met at the highest level possible that we could do with the State Department. We made sure that she was safe and that the law enforcement was on her side, so they know and everything. It was a lot of work.

Definitely, if it is not someone immediately in your family, as not every family has one person is an activist and then they have siblings and parents, people and friends should advocate for them. This is a reality for people.

If someone doesn’t want to take responsibility in the family advocating for advocates, people can do it. A lot of these organizations would not have happened if I had not contacted all of these people. Because of where they would get the information, it is that it is not their intention and where they can get credible information.

I was the representative for Gulalai in all letters written for her. It is a lot of work. It is really for humanists and activists working in such environments. It is important that they are aware of the risks and should be trustworthy people who will stand up and do all those.

As a humanist and an activist, we have to go through personal trauma as well. We have to go through the trauma. We couldn’t allow ourselves to be affected by the traumatic experiences. We wouldn’t be able to fight if we were affected by this whole situation.

It is a mental toll. It is really stressful. There are a lot of things that humanists can learn from other humanists if they share. I am not sure if I am directly responding to the question. Also, digital security is important, especially for humanists, to ensure secure and safe communication channels.

I can even share through this email. ProtonMail is one of the safest. Signal for texting. In the process, I learned so much when I had to communicate. Even when I had to go outside, I was always at risk. There were attempts to bug my phone and my devices. It happened in that time.

Humanists’ lives and communication are at risk. Even in normal life, even when they aren’t being persecuted, digital communication so important. Because of the work that we did at Aware Girls, we used to teach girls about safe online spaces, about digital security. All of that.

We were the ones working on it and how important it is. If we hadn’t taken all those measures, Gulalai wouldn’t have been safe. In this time, when the whole world has become a digital world, if someone doesn’t say something on digital media or through a phone, it is a different world now.

In a digital world, you have to be safe digitally. You don’t know if people communicate in unsafe ways.

Jacobsen: Now, I want to touch on a particular individual influenced by Gulalai and you at Aware Girls. She recently graduated from a prominent British university. Who is this young woman?

Ismail: [Laughing].

Jacobsen: How did her story, in fact, start on the ground before fame through Aware Girls?

Ismail: Actually, I think she already had the potential. The way her father brought her up. She already had the potential. When we were in touch with her, she became part of a program for domestic violence awareness.

You mentioned Malala. She took part in a program from Aware Girls. I think it was a year before being shot in the head. I don’t want to take that kind of credit, saying, “Because of Aware Girls, she is Malala.” She already had the potential, won awards.

She is an alumni of Aware Girls. Definitely, a very talented Pakistani girl who we are extremely proud of.

Jacobsen: Who is the most talented person you’ve ever met in general?

Ismail: This is a hard question because there are so many. The world doesn’t have a measurement for talent. There are these IQ tests. Aside from that, we can’t say, “This person has a lot of talent.” Because we can learn things from people who aren’t the extremely genius talented people.

Life is about learning new things. You can learn things from people around us. I can’t say this is the person who is the most talented because I have met many people who are talented in many different walks of life or in the work that they do or in their personal lives.

There are many people. There are people who I have been inspired from, who I look as a strong person, as people who I can learn. I wouldn’t name one person or someone as the most talented who I have ever met.

Jacobsen: What about ethical exemplars who come to mind?

Ismail: For me, ethics are at the institutional level. I see ethics more at an institutional level. I don’t know. It raises the question, “What kind of ethics are we talking about?” It is about basic respect. I understand the question you’re saying.

I wouldn’t tie it to a person.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Co-Founder, Aware Girls.

[2] Individual Publication Date: May 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-4; Full Issue Publication Date: September 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Mubarak Bala, Gulalai Ismail, Aware Girls, Talent, and Ethical Exemplars: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4) [Online]. May 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-4.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, May 1). Conversation with Saba Ismail on Mubarak Bala, Gulalai Ismail, Aware Girls, Talent, and Ethical Exemplars: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-4.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Mubarak Bala, Gulalai Ismail, Aware Girls, Talent, and Ethical Exemplars: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, May. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-4>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Mubarak Bala, Gulalai Ismail, Aware Girls, Talent, and Ethical Exemplars: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-4.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Saba Ismail on Mubarak Bala, Gulalai Ismail, Aware Girls, Talent, and Ethical Exemplars: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (May 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-4.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Saba Ismail on Mubarak Bala, Gulalai Ismail, Aware Girls, Talent, and Ethical Exemplars: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-4>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Saba Ismail on Mubarak Bala, Gulalai Ismail, Aware Girls, Talent, and Ethical Exemplars: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-4.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Saba Ismail on Mubarak Bala, Gulalai Ismail, Aware Girls, Talent, and Ethical Exemplars: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021): May. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-4>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Mubarak Bala, Gulalai Ismail, Aware Girls, Talent, and Ethical Exemplars: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (4) [Internet]. (2021, May 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-4.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Saba Ismail on Criminal Justice, Dominant Faith Group Tied to Military State, Minority Muslims, and Humanists: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: April 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,721

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Saba Ismail is a Co-Founder of Aware Girls. At the age of 15, she co-founded Aware Girls for the empowerment of young women in leadership capacities and to advance social change. She completed a Masters in Biotechnology from COMSATS University Abbot Asad and the Hurford Youth Fellowship with the National Endowment for Democracy. She has worked as Youth Ambassador for Asia Pacific Youth Network (APYN: 2012-2013), the Steering Committee of UNOY, and is an alumnus of the International Visitors Leadership Program in the United States. Ismail was recognized by Foreign Policy as one of the 100 Leader Global Thinkers in 2013. She is the recipient of the Chirac Prize for Conflict Prevention. She discusses: the formal charges; more recent case or cases; the justice system within Pakistan; different minority Muslim backgrounds; extensive periods of having to be in hiding; and the New York Times.

Keywords: Aware Girls, criminal justice, Gulalai Ismail, Islam, law, minority religious groups, Pakistan.

Conversation with Saba Ismail on Criminal Justice, Dominant Faith Group Tied to Military State, Minority Muslims, and Humanists: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted July 2, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: What were the formal charges at the time towards your parents, your siblings, and yourself?

Saba Ismail[1],[2]: At that time, there were no formal charges. At the time, the raid, they were restless ordinary people without uniform. We never knew their identity. There were no charges and no cases. None against Gulalai.

At the time, Gulalai and I were receiving international awards. We were on the 100 leading global thinkers of 2013. Both us won several awards. We were getting the recognition and acknowledgement.

At one occasion, actually, when we both received the 100 leading global leaders award back in 2013, my father had a reception party at our village. The next day, some people came to my father.

It was a reception, but it was family, friends, and relatives. They said that if they knew the party and reception was here. We would be attacked. So, it is not a party as in Western culture. It was people getting together and eating food. It was people coming and chatting and having good food. That’s it.

Even that, my father received a threat that it would be attacked. Always, it received threats and different forms of persecution in one form or another. There was never a formal charge. There was never an FIR (First Information Report) or a police report, or anything.

Jacobsen: In the more recent case or cases, what were the formal charges at that time?

Ismail: Before Gulalai’s speech, she was charged. In total, she has been charged with inciting hatred and violence, inciting people to attack the army, of terrorism, and financial terrorism. These are the kind of charges that my family has been facing.

Gulalai was on the Exit Control List, No Fly List (can’t leave the country). My mother has been denied the right to have a passport. It was denied to her at the end of 2019. When her passport expired, she cannot get a passport because under the instructions of ISI; she will not get a passport.

She doesn’t have her identity documents on her. There is a cybercrime case against my father. There are multiple cases against my parents. On the 2nd of July, Gulalai and my parents were acquitted in the financial terrorism case.

That case started back in 2018 when Gulalai was put on a person of special interest inquiry. There were enquiries from the counterterrorism department. On the 12th of July, in 2019, there was a police case against Gulalai.

They accused Gulalai of taking money from India and transferring it to our accounts from India. The judge decided there is no evidence at all. With no evidence, the case is dismissed. Gulalai and my parents were acquitted in this case.

Because there was no evidence at all. They couldn’t provide any.

Jacobsen: This is insane.

Ismail: How can you charge someone based just on accusations? Because they couldn’t submit any single evidence. The judge was like, “This has to be dismissed and is malicious.” There are still so many crimes against Gulalai and the cybercrime case against my father, Exit Control List of my parents, and Gulalai was on a state kill list. There were orders to kill her.

There were all these charges. The past year (2020) have been a difficult time for our family fighting the legal ways.

Jacobsen: Now, if this is the status of the justice system within Pakistan, how is for other humanists?

Ismail: For other humanists, it is really hard. Same for human rights defenders and activists. It is not easy. It is really difficult. You can imagine. It took one year and multiple court appearances. My father was abducted, disappeared and spent 35 days in prison.

The police raids, everything, at the end, this case was used on social media and troll and spread hatred against my family. Of course, it cannot undo the harm done by Pakistan as a state against our family.

Our family is not united. We cannot go back to our country. Definitely, this is the situation. Even without a single piece of evidence, it still took one year and multiple appearances in course to bring our parents back and be acquitted in this case.

Other humanists are not safe. We have seen professors being accused of blasphemy. We have seen professors being killed in the name of blasphemy. Students have killed their professor.

Jacobsen: Holy smokes.

Ismail: Yes! Yes, recently, another person was accused of blasphemy. A humanist released a statement in favour of the professor. Generally, the space as a country is not safe for humanists. Anyone who dares to speak out will face crackdowns or being killed, false accusations of blasphemy, e.g., Asia Bibi who was falsely accused of blasphemy, spent 8 years in jail.

When she was released, the religious extremists were going crazy to get her killed. Also, a few year ago, a young brilliant student named Mashal Khan was killed by a university fellow at the university, again, because he was accused of blasphemy.

Blasphemy is not only a card used against religious minorities in Pakistan, but against anyone with a different opinion. They will say, “This person has committed blasphemy.” The justice system is not strong enough to protect them.

Or the crazy people, if the justice system fails to get them, there is mob violence to simply kill them if they are a humanist or a committed blasphemy. All the propaganda being spread against Gulalai on social media.

They say, “Okay, look at Gulalai as part of a humanist organization, she is a secular person. People should follow her and her ideologies because she is a secular humanist.” People reference the humanist groups and her being on the Board of Humanists International.

It has been used to spread hate against her. It is on social media. Several years ago, several bloggers were disappeared. They were accused of blasphemy. A lot of these cases stay this way. Because they believe if someone has a different political opinion; that’s where they use it.

Humanism is not a safe opinion at all. It can cost lives in Pakistan. This is a gruesome reality. This is the reality of Pakistan.

Jacobsen: The subtext or the elephant in the room is the idea of blasphemy as a generalized law in public, when, in fact, it’s only religious legal concept. So, the idea of applying a religious legal concept to those without a religion or those with another religion using religious legal law or different religious laws.

It shouldn’t be legitimate, but it comes at the most costly thing: someone’s life.

Ismail: But in Pakistan, it is not just religious persecution. Mashal Khan was a humanist and born a Muslim. He called himself a humanist. It applied to people who are not Muslims. Christian houses and communities have been burned because of these false blasphemy laws.

It is a very easy thing to provoke people in Pakistan. That’s what they’re using to promote. It is a very easy card to provoke people to kill someone or defame someone, or to make sure they don’t listen to someone’s ideas.

Jacobsen: Islamic backgrounds, minority Muslim backgrounds, is there a different reaction to different minority Muslim backgrounds, like the Ismailis? Are there different reactions to the minority Muslim backgrounds amongst the more dominant Muslim groups?

Ismail: Yes, definitely, people who are from the Ahmadi community. By law, they are not Muslims in Pakistan. The irony on top of all of it. I was born a Sunni Muslim. Now, if I want to have a national identity card, and when I am applying for a passport, I have to sign a document saying, ‘I, as a Muslim, do not consider Ahmadis as Muslims according to the Constitution of the country of Pakistan.”

If I don’t sign it, I don’t have an option to not sign it. If I don’t, though, then I will have to show my religion as another religion, such as a non-Muslim, in my identity documents. The amount of persecution that religious minorities within Muslim communities face is immense.

Imagine, people know that they are born in a certain religious identity cannot become the president or prime minister of a country. They know their dreams have limitations because of the religion they are born into.

Also, the persecution of the faith is immense. It is hard to say anything in support of these religious minorities. You say it. There are so many trolls and online armies ready to attack the family and to kill.

It is really hard. They have done it constitutionally, outcast the religious minority in Pakistan. There’s this Pakistani physicist, Abdus Salam. They have disowned him because of his religious identification. It is common to see a warning in a job warning, “Ahmadis are not allowed in this shop. Ahmadis are now allowed to do business in this shop.”

Where they sell clothes, telephone shops, there will be proper notices on the entrance of the doors of the shop. That these people from these religious minorities aren’t allowed. People growing up in a certain country see all this.

Because they’re a religious minority. Their certain rights are being withheld. They are not entitled to basic human rights in this country simply because of that. It is definitely not okay. Also, it has been taught in schools that Ahmadis are not Muslims.

It is repeated by the educated system. People propagate this online. It’s on a daily basis. You see it all around you. The way they are being targeted are several instances. People will travel on a bus. They will be asked to identify themselves and then shot and killed on the spot.

Whether non-religious or religious minorities, they have faced things so inhuman and unconstitutional.

Jacobsen: For some of the family, there have been extensive periods of having to be in hiding. So, without details for safety reasons, how does one even go about making that decision to say, “Okay, this is something that we have to do. We’re going to do it. We’re going to go forward with it”?

Then you drop everything in your lives to come to some form of safety without any certainty of safety in the end. 

Ismail: You’re in a different mode. You don’t have any other option. You don’t have many choices. You have to be resilient, extremely resilient and extremely strong because every step that we did at that time.

There was always chances of us not being safe and us being killed, losing our lives. That is when you know, constantly, about your safety or your parents’ safety. There is no other choice but to fight. You do your best in that time.

We have been through so many situations. My father has been going through so much in his life. He was accused of blasphemy before 9/11. When you live a life of such persecution, we had to do something like a SWOT analysis: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

That kind of analysis. “If I take this route, what are the risks?” Definitely, in those kinds of situations, you can discuss it with your friends. You cannot simply take advice from other people, the community, everything.

We had to do a lot on our own. One person has to be resilient enough to stand in that kind of situation and to come up with solutions. This is what we did. We couldn’t stay in the house anymore because it was not safe for us. In order to save our lives, also, because we come from a middle-class family, we don’t have properties in different areas of the country.

We’d go to a farmhouse in some other part of the country. We didn’t have choices on our plate. We had extremely limited options in what we could do and did our best. Each of us is safe in our situation after going through so much.

We have to understand the risk, but have to be resilient in what we do. Also, it is all the security measures and the precautions when it came to the physical security situation.

Jacobsen: When the stories came out in the New York Times, several of them, about your sister’s case, in your father’s case, it came out in the most influential publication in the Western world. Two members of the same family with similar stories in different circumstances.

One with your father in Pakistan. Two with your sister in New York in the United States. How, in in a very short period of time, were these stories, when they came out, portrayed in the countries that didn’t want things for either your father or your sister?

Ismail: I’m not sure if I will be able to answer this. The people who were definitely not happy with why these stories came out in such a high profile way. I really commend the work of Jeffrey Gettleman. He put in a lot of work to the stories that came out at that time.

It was a lot of background work. When the first story came out, it took weeks and weeks of calls and emails between Jeffrey and I at that time. When the stories came out, it really helps a lot raise the awareness of the case.

The day the New York Times story was published when Imran Khan came to give a speech in the United States. Nancy, the Speaker of the House, asked Imran Khan a question about it. It really helped us. Of course, it was courageous of Nancy to ask the Prime Minister of a country about the persecution of a women’s rights activist at the time.

The New York Times helped bring the awareness to a higher level. Also, when the journalist from the New York Times visited our parents back home in Islamabad, she saw how much military people guarded with weapons and everything.

She saw those people outside watching of the house. They had weapons with them. There were cars with people. The journalist saw everything and documented in a pictorial way. They took pictures as evidences for everything.

When the story of the New York Times got published, those vehicles that would stand there all the time, day and night, were gone. That stopped on the day the article got published. Definitely, at the time, it was a big relief for us.

These people with weapons and guns were watching our parents all the time. It was a really good timing. When questions were being asked of the Prime Minister of the country, some of the persecution stopped because of this coverage.

I love the way Jeffrey articulated the story. I love the way he put his effort into this story towards ensuring that the story was told in a really good and neutral way. At that time, there was so much hatred and propaganda on the media against Gulalai.

No one was taking our side at that time. So, it was really important for us to tell or story to the New York Times. Here is our story, you shouldn’t listen to the Pakistani authorities and the media. In Pakistani, the anchors would say Gulalai should be hanged and shown as an example – how dare she speak against the Pakistani military.

My parents watched this all day. For three days on television, people were repeatedly saying, “She should be hanged in public.” What my parents went through because of that, they still cannot process it. It was a huge mental stress for parents to see all this.

All the stories being covered by the media in Pakistan. No one bothered to tell our story. It was told through social media, through Twitter. Those were the only means for us to actually say things, “This where we stand.”

Later on, I met people who read the story, but I didn’t meet those people. They knew the story of my sister. But they would mention, “Do you know this woman in Pakistan? I read this story.” I would say, “That is my sister.”

It gave us voice to tell our story and to be able to go to the higher levels. We got so much support from U.S. senators. Now, it has become an introduction of Gulalai. If Gulalai introduces herself, the two New York Times stories help.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Co-Founder, Aware Girls.

[2] Individual Publication Date: April 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-3; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Criminal Justice, Dominant Faith Group Tied to Military State, Minority Muslims, and Humanists: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3) [Online]. April 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-3.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, April 22). Conversation with Saba Ismail on Criminal Justice, Dominant Faith Group Tied to Military State, Minority Muslims, and Humanists: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-3.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Criminal Justice, Dominant Faith Group Tied to Military State, Minority Muslims, and Humanists: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, April. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-3>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Criminal Justice, Dominant Faith Group Tied to Military State, Minority Muslims, and Humanists: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-3.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Saba Ismail on Criminal Justice, Dominant Faith Group Tied to Military State, Minority Muslims, and Humanists: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (April 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-3.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Saba Ismail on Criminal Justice, Dominant Faith Group Tied to Military State, Minority Muslims, and Humanists: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-3>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Saba Ismail on Criminal Justice, Dominant Faith Group Tied to Military State, Minority Muslims, and Humanists: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-3.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Saba Ismail on Criminal Justice, Dominant Faith Group Tied to Military State, Minority Muslims, and Humanists: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): April. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-3>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Criminal Justice, Dominant Faith Group Tied to Military State, Minority Muslims, and Humanists: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (3) [Internet]. (2021, April 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-3.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Free of Charge 8 – Possible Futures for Humanism

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.E, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: April 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,532

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Dr. Herb Silverman is the Founder of the Secular Coalition for America, the Founder of the Secular Humanists of the Lowcountry, and the Founder of the Atheist/Humanist Alliance student group at the College of Charleston. He authored Complex variables (1975), Candidate Without a Prayer: An Autobiography of a Jewish Atheist in the Bible Belt (2012) and An Atheist Stranger in a Strange Religious Land: Selected Writings from the Bible Belt (2017). He co-authored The Fundamentals of Extremism: The Christian Right in America (2003) with Kimberley Blaker and Edward S. Buckner, Complex Variables with Applications (2007) with Saminathan Ponnusamy, and Short Reflections on Secularism (2019), Short Reflections on American Secularism’s History and Philosophy (2020), and Short Reflections on Age and Youth (2020). He discusses: some of the paths Humanism could evolve into the future; Humanism’s unification; Humanism and the rejection of the supernatural versus strict atheism; democratic ideals and issues; and limits of an empirical moral philosophy.

Keywords: empirical moral philosophy, future, Golden Rule, Herb Silverman, Humanism.

Free of Charge 8 – Possible Futures for Humanism

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: I want to take an interlude session into unifying evolutionary ethical frameworks as exemplified in part, in Humanism. One widely touted claim by individuals with a leaning towards the secular and a sympathy for religious sentiments is a claim to unified moral principles or frames in every ‘great’ religion, as in Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese traditional religions, and ethnic religions. One group of more superficial thinkers will point to a feeling or some loose intuition about religion, “All religions teach the same things.” I understand what they are meaning, but what they are saying, as a matter of fact, is false. Why have different religions if so? Another group will be selective about the observations. Ignoring the parts of brutality, cruelty, bigotry, and supernatural superstition, only focusing on the Golden Rule, saying, “Oh, it’s the Golden Rule. It’s in all of them. All of the religions teach this as the same basic element of their ethical teachings.” Generally, one can find passages. However, it seems both incredibly naïve and selective, because different formulations of the Golden Rule exist and different religions teach the Golden Rule unequally well. Still others turn into postmodernist philosophers, they ramble off into incoherency and don’t make any sense, while puffed up and self-proud as a cock (rooster) on a dunghill. Humanism is an advanced 20th-century philosophy. It’s about a deep dive into reflection on the depths of human depravity and reformulating, and formalizing, the positive, proactive ethics found in all periods of human history in which civilized advance society existed for those times, when naturalism and the humanities were the dominant discourse of the time. What are some of the paths Humanism could evolve into the future?

Dr. Herb Silverman[1],[2]: It may be true that just about all religions have some version of the Golden Rule about treating others as you would want to be treated. And a version of this can also be found in almost every ethical tradition, with no gods necessary. In my Jewish tradition, the first century BCE Rabbi Hillel was allegedly asked by a prospective Jewish convert to teach him the entire Torah (Hebrew Bible) while standing on one leg. Hillel replied, “That which is hateful to you do not do to your neighbour. The rest is commentary.”

Some equate the Golden Rule with the rule about loving your neighbour as yourself. The problem arises with who we consider our neighbour. In the Hebrew Bible, neighbours were the “chosen” people, other Israelis. Jews were supposed to kill outsiders on their way to the Promised Land. Today in America, many White Christian Nationalists view only their fellow Christians as neighbours and so justify discriminating against non-white immigrants.

Another problem with the Golden Rule is that some people may not want to be treated as we want to be treated. Our values may be so different that the Golden Rule makes no sense. For instance, some fanatics have no aversion to death, so the Golden Rule might inspire them to kill others in suicide missions. For humanists to live by the Golden Rule, we must empathize with other people, including those who may be very different from us and might want to be treated differently.

When you mentioned “dunghill,” I thought of Thomas Jefferson, who in many ways (but not all ways) was a humanist. As he correctly pointed out, there are some words of wisdom in the Bible, but I agree with Jefferson when he referred to them as “diamonds in a dunghill.”

When you ask for paths where Humanism could evolve in the future, I think Humanism is a philosophy that is continually evolving. That’s why we have had three Humanist Manifestos, and will undoubtedly have additional “manifestos” as we learn more about how better to live ethical lives, along with new scientific discoveries.

Jacobsen: Continuing from the previous question, there are areas in which Humanism is a laundry list of principles rather than a unified ethical framework. Such a framework in which it can continually, dynamically evolve while maintaining its former evidentiary coherence, in fact, many of the declarations are such listings. Do you think that there are ways Humanism can be more compact, more unified, showing how its principles interact with one another to create a whole other than a simple titular stamp: “Humanism”?

Silverman: A compact way to talk about Humanism is to describe, without a laundry list, its basic principles, which serve as guidelines for how we should live. Humanism is a progressive philosophy of life that, without supernaturalism, affirms our ability and responsibility to lead ethical lives of personal fulfillment that also aspire to the greater good of humanity. We are an integral part of nature, the result of unguided evolutionary change, and ethical values are derived from human need and interest as tested by experience, along with a greater knowledge of the world. Humanists are guided by reason and inspired by compassion.

Jacobsen: Are there any parts of Humanism that you think should just go, not be there? I believe you had some qualms in earlier variations of declaration with the inclusion of supernatural versus atheist or non-theist as an appeasement to some who couldn’t quite stomach a complete rejection of the impossibility of the gods. 

Silverman: I know some good people who can’t stomach a complete rejection of the existence of gods. They may act in a lot of ways like humanists, leading ethical lives and aspiring to the greater good of humanity. I just don’t like the god baggage that might go along with it. I can’t prove there are no gods. An atheist is simply someone without a belief in any gods, and I think we should not claim to be guided by imaginary beings. That’s why my brand of Humanism is atheistic. I can’t prevent the Pope from calling himself a humanist because he supports immigration, opposes wars, and accepts that humans are partially responsible for climate change.

Jacobsen: Human rights and democratic ideals feature prominently in the humanist lifestance. Are there any particular weaknesses in the claims of human rights, as said in the formal documents of human rights, or in the principle of majority rule (adult age majoritarian voting rule)?

Silverman: The notion of human rights is a modern concept from the 18th century Enlightenment, not from ancient times when the Golden Rule was first quoted. Thomas Jefferson incorporated such “inalienable rights” into the U.S. Declaration of Independence. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 was a milestone for its universalist language, which recognizes that all humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights regardless of nationality, place of residence, gender, national or ethnic origin, colour, or religion.

I do have some problems with majority rule, especially if we have an uneducated populace, and leaders (dictators) decide who constitutes voters. After all, Adolf Hitler came to power in a democracy in 1933. Not that it is any way comparable, but democracy may not be working so well in the U.S. now, with many Republicans trying to make it difficult for some African Americans to vote. So, I must agree with Winston Churchill: “Democracy is the worst form of government, except for all the others.”

Jacobsen: Are issues of an empirical moral philosophy found in the epistemologies informing the ethics? So, the ideas of the limitations of induction to give answers about the world – its scope and limits – and then the limitations by logical implication extended into the moral philosophy of Humanism, as in some things can never be known, others partially known now, while others known with a reliably high degree of accuracy. A sort of variation in accuracy of reality maps meaning variations in the reliability, and validity, of the application of humanistic ethics. Sometimes, there’s tons of informations; other times, there’s little; still others, we have, basically, none, and may never have any data to inform the ethic, which would make ethical decisions solely grounded in the lattermost equivalent to a base-level faith-based moral decision-making frame of reference (that which we try to avoid at all costs). 

Silverman: When it comes to what we know and don’t know with a reliable level of accuracy, I usually look to science. I recently read a wonderful new book by Jeff Hawkins called, A Thousand Brains: A New Theory of Intelligence. It compares our old reptilian brain to our new mammalian brain (the neocortex), with implications for moral behaviour.

I’ve been in debates with Christians who insist that objective morality must come from God. My contention is that we don’t know if there is such a thing as objective morality but, if so, we are coming closer to it by learning more about human nature and what works best for individuals. We often learn this through science or experience, not through ancient “holy” books. We need to be careful when we talk about what we know, and, even more important, about what we don’t know. To quote Mark Twain: “What gets us into trouble is not what we don’t know. It’s what we know for sure that just ain’t so.”

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Dr. Silverman. 

Silverman: Thank you.

Appendix I: Footnotes

 [1] Founder, Secular Coalition for America; Founder, Secular Humanists of the Low Country; Founder, Atheist/Humanist Alliance, College of Charleston.

[2] Individual Publication Date: April 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-8; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Free of Charge 8 – Possible Futures for Humanism [Online]. April 2021; 26(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-8.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, April 22). Free of Charge 8 – Possible Futures for Humanism. Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-8.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Free of Charge 8 – Possible Futures for Humanism. In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.E, April. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-8>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Free of Charge 8 – Possible Futures for Humanism.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.E. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-8.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Free of Charge 8 – Possible Futures for Humanism.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.E (April 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-8.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Free of Charge 8 – Possible Futures for Humanism’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.E. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-8>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Free of Charge 8 – Possible Futures for Humanism’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.E., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-8.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Free of Charge 8 – Possible Futures for Humanism.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.E (2021): April. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-8>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Free of Charge 8 – Possible Futures for Humanism [Internet]. (2021, April 26(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-8.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Saba Ismail on Pakistan, Women’s Rights Organizing, and Raids Against the Ismail Family: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: April 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,651

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Saba Ismail is a Co-Founder of Aware Girls. At the age of 15, she co-founded Aware Girls for the empowerment of young women in leadership capacities and to advance social change. She completed a Masters in Biotechnology from COMSATS University Abbot Asad and the Hurford Youth Fellowship with the National Endowment for Democracy. She has worked as Youth Ambassador for Asia Pacific Youth Network (APYN: 2012-2013), the Steering Committee of UNOY, and is an alumnus of the International Visitors Leadership Program in the United States. Ismail was recognized by Foreign Policy as one of the 100 Leader Global Thinkers in 2013. She is the recipient of the Chirac Prize for Conflict Prevention. She discusses: human rights and the family in Pakistan; and Gulalai Ismail and Aware Girls.

Keywords: Aware Girls, girls’ rights, Gulalai Ismail, Pakistan, women’s rights.

Conversation with Saba Ismail on Pakistan, Women’s Rights Organizing, and Raids Against the Ismail Family: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted July 2, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Now, how was Aware Girls seen within Pakistan or Pakistani society for years up until a few years ago? Was it mostly positive or mostly negative?

Saba Ismail[1],[2]: It was both. Our work had a great impact on women in Pakistan. We advocated for anti-sexual harassment laws in Pakistan. We advocated for gay rights. We advocated for women in the informal sector, their rights.

We advocated for enhancing the political participation of women in the political process of the country. We helped young women to run in local elections, in the last local elections, in Pakistan. It was historic.

In some villages, it was the first time that women ran for elections. They were amazing. Young women and girls wanted to be a part of the organization and part of the programs. In our organization, we would not just do a one-time training or a one-day activity.

We would engage people over a long period, as long as 1-year. Some have been engaged for years in our programs. Women felt safe working as employees and being part of the programs. They knew it was all women as a platform.

They felt safe to be part of the institution, felt safe to be given opportunities. As I said about these women who ran in the local elections, we are seeing the change brought by Aware Girls. So, there was definitely a huge impact of our work, in our community.

There were men who started supporting women’s rights and women’s issues, e.g., women’s political participation. One of these women who ran for local election. One was run by men in the family. It was helping these women to win these elections.

It wasn’t just women. It was for men too. We reached more than 10,000 young people, preventing them from being taken by the militant organizations. We have been able to help them to promote the values of tolerance, non-violence, and peace.

The impact was huge reaching out to so many young people directly, helping women running elections, helping women run in and participate in political processes. We help run something started back in 2012.

We had something on young women in leadership. We had this in the 16 days of activism. We were raising awareness among women, “If there is violence, report it.” Women were like, “We can report violence. We should report it.”

There should be a place if an action is taken. If a woman is in danger, or if a woman needs a shelter or psychological support, medical support, we started a helpline, started provided free legal services to women facing domestic violence. We established strong educational institutions across the province.

We would do partnerships and programs. We would go to the colleges and campuses and talk on women’s rights, sexual reproductive health and rights, the issues of human rights in general, and peace.

We had good networking and partnership-building with other civil society organizations, including institutes. Even with government agencies, we had good working relationships.

We had women who worked in the informal sector. We developed a good relationship with the Labour Department. Women who were domestic workers or who work in the home are not considered labourers. They are not entitled to basic income.

They’re not entitled to sick leave. They are not entitled to anything anyone working in the formal sector would get normally. We worked with the Labour Department. So, they can help us in making women who are working in the informal sector seen as doing proper work.

Aware Girls established the first ever union of women domestic workers and home-based workers. It was the first ever time, where we organized hundreds and hundreds of women from the informal sector and built their capacity first.

It was educating why labour rights were important for them. We developed programs for them. When we were working in the Pakistani Labour Department, we had relationships with the media. When we ran these conferences and programs, we would always get really good coverage from great media channels.

It would always be people coming from the media. Whether the media or the government offices, educational institutions, or other civil society organizations, or even communities, we used to work with the communities.

It was the only young women led organization in the whole country. Definitely, it was safety. They knew that they would learn something. Also, families would see the change in their own family members.

For example, one story I remember, when I was working with the domestic workers and home-based workers in 2014, when I was organizing some of these programs, we had to postpone some programs because the army public schools were attacked.

It was attacked where more than 140 children were killed. We had to postpone. There were some other administrative issues. We had to stop our programs for 3 months. When we started the program, when everything was set to restart the programs, our team went to the homes of these women to inform them. We were restarting the program.

One woman was not home. Our team member left the message with the husband. This woman, at that time, when we stopped the program, this woman went to Afghanistan because people have relatives in Afghanistan.

But they are refugees. They are doing the work in the informal sector. She went to Afghanistan to meet her relatives. When our team went back and said, “We are restarting the program.” The husband called the wife and said, “You need to come back because your program is restarting. So, you need to be here.”

You won’t believe. This was such a huge change in this family. Because only when this woman started coming to our program. On the first day home, she was beaten by the husband. The husband said: How would she dare go to this? NGOs are viewed negatively in Pakistan.

How dare she go to a program organized by an NGO, the woman was like, “I learned so much on the first day. I have to come here.” She continued to go for the rest of the program. While coming, she learned so much. She transformed her husband so much.

A few days ago, the woman was beaten by her husband for joining a program. Only a few weeks later, the same man was calling his wife and asking her to come back because the program is being restarted.

So, when I think of the impact, it was definitely so huge. At times, we wouldn’t even know the impact or the change that we are bringing in the families, what changes we’re bringing in the society.

We cannot expect some few activities will change anybody’s life. It is not a realistic expectation. But definitely, what we saw, I know, of course, so many years have passed now. I still remember her: her face, her name.

That keeps us going. Gulalai and I are not on the ground anymore now. It was so important, brought so many changes to the lives of so many women. So, we have to continue the work. We have been receiving so many calls on the helpline, which I mentioned earlier.

They needed help in one way or another, help and support. This was the kind of impact. This was the kind of work that we had been doing on the ground. So, this was the positive side. You say, “Okay, how was Aware Girls seen?”

On the other side, we faced a lot of challenges. For example, it was girls at such a young age who can be leading an organization. When we would organize activities, we would be an all women and girls team, not just women and girls but young women and girls.

They would ask, “Where are the organizers of the event?”

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Ismail: We would say, “We are the ones.” They would say, “No, no, the man behind the organization.” We would say, “No, there is no man organizing all this. We are the leaders. This is our team.” It was an unbelievable thing for people to see young girls leading an organization and doing all this.

This is the kind of thing that we faced. We definitely faced confrontation from State and non-State actors. This was before the last year or couple of years. We were countering violent extremism in parts of the country.

We were addressing the root causes. Addressing the root causes is not so easy when you talk about the policies the country is supporting and changing all that, Gulalai and I were threatened to be among the missing persons.

This is back in 2013. So many years ago, we were told that we can be missing persons because we are working on these sensitive issues. They’re causing red flags for the national security of the country because we were preventing young people from becoming part of the militarized groups.

We did face these kinds of challenges. On one occasion, we were organizing on International Women’s Day back in 2012. This one government office called us and asked me to give them a bribe to have this event.

NGOs usually have a bad reputation. They would say, “We don’t allow you to organize events. You are an NGO.” All of that. When they asked us to give them a bribe on International Women’s Day, we were engaging different stakeholders.

Civil society organizations, men, etc., we were also engaging the government. When they said, “If we have to become a part of this program, then you have to give us a bribe.” I refused to give them a bribe.

As soon as I said, “I am not going to bribe anyone.” They immediately said, “International Women’s Day is vulgarity. Aware Girls is promoting vulgarity and Western culture.” They told me that they are going to ban the organization, are coming to raid our office, and then not allow us to do the activity.

The activity was the next day, March 8th. I had this conversation on the 7th of March. You can imagine the stress. We were organizing five activities in one day. We were really a small team, maybe 10 people in total.

We were organizing these five activities at once. There were more than 100 people per event. You can imagine the stress. Yet, we resisted this. We contacted the authorities and told these people, “These people are asking for bribes and saying International Women’s Day is vulgarity.”

There’s a mentality. Women’s rights are a problem. We face this problem in 2014 in Peshawar for the work that Gulalai and I did. At that time, Gulalai was on a trip. They attacked our home. They started to shoot, firing guns.

So, it was a very brutal attack. When I still recall that, that was really, really a difficult time. It was in the middle of the night after 12. These men who really stormed our house and were firing on the house.

They were firing in our direction and to destroy our work. That’s when we decided that city was not safe for us. That was another time relocating. We have been relocating because of these kinds of attacks that we have both faced.

In Pakistan, I haven’t seen such a case in which families are being tracked. Not in the past two years, those have been another story. Our family has been persecuted because of our work. Our family was attacked.

We had to move from one city to another. We went into hiding. That was a short time. We went into complete hiding and strategized how we would move forward with all of that. We have been receiving threats, attacks, challenges, harassment, as being women working on women’s rights or women working on peace.

There has been the good side and the challenges on the other side. In that, our father really stood in that. People who even travel to the US or countries outside. The intelligence agencies will come to our office, to our home, and will gather information and all that.

In our culture, you can’t imagine. The intelligence agency visiting our house to violate the house is really something. You won’t see it; it’s not common. Our father stood up with us. He would be helping us navigating whatever those challenges were.

Jacobsen: What is the feeling of being raided?

Ismail: It was scary, definitely. The society shouldn’t let this happen. It was definitely traumatic. It was hard. At that time, of course, when that happened, it was denied. We weren’t ready, of course. That kind of raid was not something that we were expecting at all.

We were not people to fight back with guns. Because, definitely, we are peaceful people who believe in peace and peaceful protest. It was really hard. It was like Gulalai was not harmed. It was Shola, my parents, and I.

It was the four of us. The hardest thing after the firing happening. Those people left. My father had to go to the airport to pick up Gulalai. He had to leave all of us back at home. We knew that if these people are still outside on the corner waiting for our father to come and to kill him.

We didn’t know. It was an uncertain event. Our father had to go and pick up Gulalai. When she got home, I told her the whole story. She narrowly escaped that situation. Because, what if she was outside? They would have killed her.

It was really hard for her to sleep at night. It was not easy. In Pakistan [Laughing], there was no electricity when she got home with our father. We were – literally – sitting with no lights waiting for Gulalai to come back safely.

It was a sigh of relief. The moment Gulalai came; we thought, “What should we do now? What is our next step?” That is when we went into hiding. Of course, it wasn’t easy. People were so suspicious of things happening. We saw one person standing in front of our house all day smoking a cigarette, all day.

There was another woman the next day who tried to enter our house by impersonating someone else. She was saying, “I have to drop something because someone ordered something from here.” We know that we never ordered anything.

There were people who tried to get in. They impersonated. There were people standing in the street in front of our house. There was a beggar who was actually spying on us. So, the very next day, we noticed some of these suspicious things, especially my mother.

She is good in catching these kinds of things. There was a person impersonating a mentally sick person. They tried to get into our home. He tried to get into it. My mother said it was suspicious and had seen suspicious people outside.

It was the incidents before and after this raid. It was not safe to spend one day in the house. It is not easy. We were a small family. You live so much in your house. Even then, you pack small. Those that can fit in the car. Then we left the home at that time.

There were people in cars following us. We ended up being safe, went into hiding. We moved to safer places. We thought that Islamabad may be safe. But in the last 2 years, everything has changed, because my father was abducted.

There were attempts to kill my father, attempts to kill Shola because they thought she was Gulalai. Even in the city, which is the capital of the country, my family is not safe anymore. That is why we moved back in 2014.

Of course, what happened in the last two years in Islamabad, as you all know by now, so much has happened in the last 2 years, my parents are not safe even in the capital.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Co-Founder, Aware Girls.

[2] Individual Publication Date: April 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-2; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Pakistan, Women’s Rights Organizing, and Raids Against the Ismail Family: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2) [Online]. April 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-2.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, April 15). Conversation with Saba Ismail on Pakistan, Women’s Rights Organizing, and Raids Against the Ismail Family: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-2.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Pakistan, Women’s Rights Organizing, and Raids Against the Ismail Family: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, April. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-2>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Pakistan, Women’s Rights Organizing, and Raids Against the Ismail Family: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-2.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Saba Ismail on Pakistan, Women’s Rights Organizing, and Raids Against the Ismail Family: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (April 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-2.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Saba Ismail on Pakistan, Women’s Rights Organizing, and Raids Against the Ismail Family: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-2>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Saba Ismail on Pakistan, Women’s Rights Organizing, and Raids Against the Ismail Family: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-2.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Saba Ismail on Pakistan, Women’s Rights Organizing, and Raids Against the Ismail Family: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): April. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-2>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Pakistan, Women’s Rights Organizing, and Raids Against the Ismail Family: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (2) [Internet]. (2021, April 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-2.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Economics and Banking Systems: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: April 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,624

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Chef Craig Shelton has over 40 years of experience in science-based cooking and teaching in the hospitality business. He trained in eight of the world’s greatest restaurants, including “El Bulli”, “Jamin”; “Ma Maison”, “L’Auberge de l’Ill”, “Le Pré Catelan”, “Bouley”, “Le Bernardin”, and “La Côte Basque. Chef Shelton has earned countless awards as Chef-Owner of his own restaurants including a James Beard Best Chef medal, NY Times 4-Stars ratings on four separate occasions, a 5-Star Forbes rating, the Relais & Châteaux Grand Chef title; and Number One Top Restaurant in America in 2004 from GQ. Mr. Shelton is also an instructor at Princeton University in the Princeton Environmental Institute, where he teaches a freshman seminar on the interrelationships between public policy, agriculture, diet-related disease and anthropogenic climate change. Mr. Shelton began his expertise in this area while an undergraduate of Yale where he earned his degree in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry. He is a co-founder of the think tank, Princeton Center for Food Studies, the founder of King’s Row Coffee, and a co-founder of Aeon Holistic Agriculture, Inc. He is recognized as a consummate business consultant with specialization in macro finance. He is known for his ability to generate excitement in his cooks and instill in them the drive toward excellence by connecting all aspects of gastronomy to the larger intellectual landscape – chemistry, ecology, literature, art and human physiology. His great passions are reading and ocean sailing. His full C.V. can be seen here. More about Aeon HospitalityMountainville ManorAeon Holistic AgricultureKings Row Coffee, and Princeton Studies Food (in the hyperlinks provided). He discusses: economics of hospitality; and banking systems.

Keywords: Aeon Hospitality, banking, British Banking, Chinese Banking, Craig Shelton, finance, German Banking.

Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Economics and Banking Systems: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (4)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: To close off, what about the economics of everything?

Master Chef Craig Shelton[1],[2]*: Also, the economics of it. I have a passionate love of the study of economics. The moral and historical basis, the heterodox basis, this expression, which I’m talking about, or the transmogrification of agriculture and the food system.

The industrialization of the food system, the Frankenstein’s monster that it became; it is symptomatic of an even deeper problem faced in the world, which is the systematic regressive wealth distribution caused because of the form of banking most of the world uses referred to as British banking.

Unlimited money creation power is given to commercial banks and other financial institutions. We don’t even understand. It almost changes capitalism into a command economy, which redistributes wealth from the bottom to the top and the young to the old through a mechanism of artificial asset price inflation.

This is concerning and one of the key observations of a book, which I am working on now. A contrast of various forms of capitalism possible – trying to bring to light little policy space with such phrases as “How are we going to pay for it?”

The reality: There is massive amounts of policy space, once we are willing re-examine the first assumptions embraced by us – without even knowing it. That’s a long-winded answer as to what I have been trying to do with my life and the food system, and trying to bring back authentic food systems back to it.

It is to restore human health and planetary healthy. It is looking at the looming problems. The British banking system compounded worse with income-based taxation. I think about the fact that when the entire history, of recorded history, of human beings back to ancient Sumer; taxation was always based on wealth.

80%, 90%, 100%, of taxes were property taxes, which corresponded very well with net worth back in the day before derivative instruments and such. So, what we’re living in, the idea today is this radical transformation, where almost 100% of federal revenues are collected on the basis of income.

This is a radical experiment in the history of the world. It has helped to de-tether real estate from the rest of the economy. Germany discovered this over 200 years ago. Germany had a different style of banking. It is called variously, “German Banking.”

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Shelton: Or Industrial Banking, in Germany, commercial banks are not allowed to use this power of money creation for financial transactions. Meaning, an asset not being created new. It is an asset pre-existing and changing ownership.

When you change a piece of land, nothing new is created. You cannot get a commercial bank on that. You would need something resembling a credit union in America. It is more community banking. There, and only there, you are borrowing true savings.

We have this mythology. We were led to believe. Banks are simply intermediaries or financial mediation via a bank. That the role bankers play is purely middlemen. They collect savings and then they allocate those savings out to someone less patient, more impatient, who charges that person a higher interest rate than the depositor. They live off the margins.

That is the simple folk tale people have been told. It is a malicious folk tale. It is the single greatest contribution to the world’s immiseration. There’s simply nothing out there doing more harm to more people.

It’s the reason that inequality keeps skyrocketing. I said at the beginning of my book. Let’s look at these 9, 10, or 11 graphs, here is America since the end of WWII, we see a nearly straight line of tax reduction for the richest and for everyone else.

Down, down, down, down, we ask the corporations to pay in taxes. You would expect profits to be up correspondingly over the next period of time. We look at the next graph. Labour share of sales, of GDP.

Down, down, down, down, every year since the mid-60s. It is a complete straight line down. You would expect the profits of the companies of America to be up. You look at the velocity of money. It is down, down, down, down. You would expect the profits to be up.

You look at the reinvestment of profits into new capital goods – down, down, down, down. It is every single year, a straight line. Look at the profits of American corporations, they are down every single year.

This is extraordinary. How can it be: all of the expenses to businesses are going down and profits are not going up, but going down, too? Then you see the buildup of corporate debt. It is due to the artificial asset price inflation of commercial real estate.

Commercial real estate is rising 10 times, 20 times, even 100 times faster, then the company is able to raise its own retail prices. It creates a massive expense wedge, which is first taken out of labour. This is the reason all productivity gains, not one percent went to labour.

Basically, this is from the 60s forward. These are fascinating observations. This accumulation of debt. The size of the money supply, when you include credit as money, money is a commodity. I think it is tautological.

I think that’s a false construct. Money and credit identical, not merely equal, that produces a theory of banking, which then is called the Credit Creation Theory of Banking. If you use Credit Creation Theory of Banking and substitute that for the Financial Mediation Theory of Banking used by all economists, you develop an economics, a mathematics, with a strong predictive power.

That is the weak link in the whole thing, in my humble estimation. Once you start to think in this out of the box fashion, one cannot un-see the seen. Its explanatory powers go down to agriculture. Why, on Earth, would human beings be so suicidal, so stupid?

In the last 40 years, the finite quantity of crop land, high nutrient dense topsoil; we’ve lost 1% every year. We’re down to 60% of the original size, even as population has doubled or tripled in this time.

How can we account for that? Industrial agriculture is, certainly, to blame. Because when you made it your decision to grow the cheapest possible food, like corn, wheat, rice, and soy, unfortunately, when you grow the cheapest possible crops, you are limiting yourself to the cheapest possible agricultural techniques.

Amongst them, how are you going to irrigate? With corn, you end up with lime on the cheapest form of irrigation, which is, usually, a pivot. It is aerial. It comes from above and drops down onto the soil. The first problem: it is not ecologically sound, and wasteful of a precious commodity, which is water.

Equally important, the ground water coming up is filled with minerals and salts. The process of evaporation only concentrates them. If you use twice as much water as a surface irrigation, you use four times the amount. You end up with salinization.

Eventually, the soils will become inert. That is, you can’t get any nutrients across the salt membrane. We are seeing this across the world now, in many locations. Much more damaging has been the plough, turning over the soil 18 inches as pest control or as weed control.

People need to understand. Plants don’t have a digestive system, like we do. It is the microorganisms on the surface of the soil, which are the effective digestive system for the plants. When you turn it over, you are killing them, temporarily, at least.

In the state of nature, you do not see this type of erosion. But when you start turning over the top soil like this, you see, in the near 100 years or 150 years, since the great migration West; we used to have 12 feet of topsoil across the entire Great Prairies.

Almost all the agricultural lands in America were 10 to 12 feet of topsoil. Now, it is 1 or 2 inches. As bad as it is in America, it is as bad or worse everywhere else. It is the second biggest reason for the loss of volume and square acreage of top soils.

But the single largest may surprise you. The single largest contributor for the loss of top soil is real estate development. This frenzy of selling debt, this embedded growth obligation of the British banking system.

The need this system acquires. This inexhaustible appetite for doubling the quantity of credit in the world again, and again, and again. It is the story of the person who did a favour for the sultan. When promised by the sultan, the man asked to take the chessboard and put one grain of corn on the first square, two on the second, and so on.

Hastily, he laughs and agrees to this. The court mathematicians come and say, “There isn’t wealth of corn in the entire world worth what you have just promised him.” This grotesque, insatiable demand for the doubling of credit in the world.

It needs placement. Credit, the bank credit has this one limitation. Banks, literally, can create money out of thin air, but only out of crediting it into existence. Some project or purchase has to happen.

The present value of the land for the farmer who has been brainwashed into growing corn, for example. The last time I checked, the average yield for a farmer who grows corn is only 60$ an acre, including all the government subsidies going into it.

So, the present value of the land, if you’re using for industrial corn production, is almost zero. You figured out a way to squander one of the most precious resources in the world to its lowest possible use.

It cannot stand up to the competition from real estate developers. The system is designed. They can get $200,000 an acre at present value in real estate development. To understand why this is happening, not just what is happening, it is a passionate concern because the system itself has taken on its own life.

I do not ascribe this to a lot of evil people at the top wanting to destroy the world. It is following rules blithely passed from one generation to the next. It set us on a path of self-annihilation. It takes a lot to not see the symptoms and connect them all together, when they have a root cause in the British banking.

It is made worse with a tax system based on income rather than property, wealth, or net worth. Of course, it is made worse. We act surprised that we have poverty or homelessness, or bad health outcomes, opioid crises.

It is so absolutely obvious. We have chosen this. These are all a result of our public policy choices. British banking was rejected by Germany 225 years ago. It is for that reason Germany didn’t lose its industrial base.

The German worker has relative parity in purchasing power to their grandparents. They can still afford to raise a family. They can still afford to buy approximately the same house, in approximately the same sized lot, in approximately the same location.

With some variation, it’s not perfect. There are no tariffs on foreign money coming in, which does destroy markets. But still, the difference is extraordinary. China adopted the German style of banking to a large extent with something called Guidance of Credit.

Guidance of Credit have three macros. There’s consumer credit used to buy consumer goods. Let’s limit the amount of consumer credit in our nation, so, we don’t produce consumer price inflation.

What about the second macro? The second macro are financial transactions e.g., when you buy houses, when you buy land, shares in publicly traded stock, and so on. In most cases, you cannot lose new money printed out of thin air.

You have to borrow pre-existing savings in a German system, in China. The third category is industrial banking. You will create something new, a new factory, buy new equipment to expand the factory.

That’s called new capital good creation. They allow it. That’s where the banks create the money out of thin air. The goal of German banking and Chinese banking is to make sure that the private debt to GDP ratio stays relatively flat.

That way, new money creation goes to the good of society in expanding the economy rather than just producing windfall profits that punish the buyer and reward the seller in an artificial fashion. This is the reason for the German miracle and the reason for the Chinese and a couple of other miracle nations.

They took this German banking system and elevated it. It is sometimes called Window Credit, Window Guidance. There are various names for it. There is variation between the nations. But here’s the kicker, Germany has never had an internally created banking crisis ever since it made this switch in 225 years.

What you begin to realize, this thing we call the “business cycle” is a complete misnomer. There’s no such thing. It should be called the ‘British Banking Cycle.’ Economists identified more than 100 years in the most persuasive cycle.

All this misery, great depressions and little depressions, are all caused by banks printing money out of thin air for the wrong purpose. Basically, collateral-based lending rather than for the creating of capital goods.

It is a mission for me to get this word out. My industry suffers from the distortions caused by British banking more than any single other industry in our economy. We have what is called the lowest productivity. Most people don’t know what productivity means.

They think of it as a virtue. It is not. A company’s productivity could go up, even as their sales and profits fall. Productivity means how successful are you in eliminating jobs and replacing those people with equipment.

In other words, the true definition is taking the annual sales of the company and dividing by the average number of full-time workers or their equivalent. When you do that, you see the average – 10 years ago, probably not different today – of all the industries in America combined is about $420,000.

But if you pick apart the various industries, you realize, “Oh my God.” Big tobacco is at the highest productivity. At the time, it was close to $3,000,000. Restaurants at the absolute lowest or $50,000. This is another area of gross incompetence, which is the way we pay for a social safety net.

It baffles the rest of the world, “Why could the wealthiest country in the world not have even the basic health program for its most vulnerable, poorest, and working people?” Not people out of work who don’t have it, but working people, nobody asks the most obvious question.

“How do they pay for it in the rest of the world?” Every other nation has it. They never said it. It is because it is distributed. The cost of the social safety net is distributed across businesses, but on a fair topline basis.

Everyone shoulders it equally based on sales. In America, we count on a head tax basis. It means a restaurant will pay 100 times the rate of employment tax that big tobacco will, as a percentage of sales. 100 times!

So, these are the kind of baked in policy choices that encourage a maximum degree of wealth transference from the poor to the rich and from the young to the old. These are choices that have been made through the use of power and wealth.

It’s baked into our cake now. We’re feeling the consequences of it ever more sharply. What a great time.

Jacobsen: Thanks so much.

Shelton: My pleasure, very much appreciated.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Aeon Hospitality.

[2] Individual Publication Date: April 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-4; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Economics and Banking Systems: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (4) [Online]. April 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-4.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, April 15). Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Economics and Banking Systems: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (4). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-4.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Economics and Banking Systems: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (4). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, April. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-4>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Economics and Banking Systems: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-4.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Economics and Banking Systems: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (April 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-4.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Economics and Banking Systems: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-4>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Economics and Banking Systems: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-4.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Economics and Banking Systems: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): April. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-4>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Economics and Banking Systems: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (4) [Internet]. (2021, April 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-4.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Common Sense Versus Scientific Validity, and Motivation: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: April 8, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,719

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Chef Craig Shelton has over 40 years of experience in science-based cooking and teaching in the hospitality business. He trained in eight of the world’s greatest restaurants, including “El Bulli”, “Jamin”; “Ma Maison”, “L’Auberge de l’Ill”, “Le Pré Catelan”, “Bouley”, “Le Bernardin”, and “La Côte Basque. Chef Shelton has earned countless awards as Chef-Owner of his own restaurants including a James Beard Best Chef medal, NY Times 4-Stars ratings on four separate occasions, a 5-Star Forbes rating, the Relais & Châteaux Grand Chef title; and Number One Top Restaurant in America in 2004 from GQ. Mr. Shelton is also an instructor at Princeton University in the Princeton Environmental Institute, where he teaches a freshman seminar on the interrelationships between public policy, agriculture, diet-related disease and anthropogenic climate change. Mr. Shelton began his expertise in this area while an undergraduate of Yale where he earned his degree in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry. He is a co-founder of the think tank, Princeton Center for Food Studies, the founder of King’s Row Coffee, and a co-founder of Aeon Holistic Agriculture, Inc. He is recognized as a consummate business consultant with specialization in macro finance. He is known for his ability to generate excitement in his cooks and instill in them the drive toward excellence by connecting all aspects of gastronomy to the larger intellectual landscape – chemistry, ecology, literature, art and human physiology. His great passions are reading and ocean sailing. His full C.V. can be seen here. More about Aeon HospitalityMountainville ManorAeon Holistic AgricultureKings Row Coffee, and Princeton Studies Food (in the hyperlinks provided). He discusses: common sense and scientific tenability; and motivation.

Keywords: Aeon Hospitality, agriculture, Craig Shelton, farming, human health, motivation, nutrition.

Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Common Sense Versus Scientific Validity, and Motivation: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (3)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: What about on the side of food production? In other words, making a dish, delivering it to the plate of individual customers, what have been some big things taken as folk wisdom or common sense in the culinary arts, which are simply not scientifically tenable?

Master Chef Craig Shelton[1],[2]*: Yes, sometimes, I think only the Marquis de Sade could have designed the restaurant business model.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Shelton: You could not have designed a model more poorly to do the bigger issues with consistency, delivering high quality. All businesses are supposed to have three divisions: marketing, finance, and operations.

The restaurants, especially independent restaurants, are basically operations divisions. For generations, they only had operations. There is no finance. A bookkeeper comes in and does the damage report every once in a while.

You have no marketing department with a whole group of people who study markets and test ideas and determine memes. None of that happens. I think it is partially because we have defaulted to the critic.

You have these evangelists, originally, in the industry. The connoisseur type critic who is out to spread the gospel and the wonder of arts at the table. It was kind of lovely, but it also invited a certain intellectual laziness saying, “We don’t need to market. That’s the job of the critic.”

When you’re not making a promise to your clients, things get wobbly really fast. It’s a lack of clarity of what operations should be fulfilling. The purpose of marketing is to make promises and powerful promises, and successful promises.

As you build the business, the promises should be meaningful to the market. They should be unique and explicit. People should know what it is that they’re expecting. All of that is completely missing.

If you were to say, “What are the implicit promises?” Since no one has a tagline, if you have a company like Federal Express, we can all remember the opening regional tagline when it positively has to be there overnight.

That is an extraordinary promise in all regards, extremely valuable to the people who use the service. It is unique. No one else can have an overnight guarantee. Thirdly, it is explicit. It is laid out.

None of that is happening in the restaurant industry. You are left with the default premises based on the word “restaurant,” which is from the French restaurer. So, what is it we are promising to restore? We are promising to restore the traditional health of the body.

Of course, wouldn’t you know? That is the absolute largest gap in the pedagogy of cooking schools. There is no training on nutrition, especially on up to date modern nutrition. What about the second? The emotional welfare, the restoring of emotional state of happiness.

Much of that occurs through the intermediation between the senses: taste, smell, touch, and so forth, guess what? There is a second great lacuna missing in the pedagogy of cooking school. There’s no teaching about the neurophysiology of the senses, none whatsoever.

This is why you will see every cookbook with such inanities as ‘seasoned to taste.’

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Shelton: Because if you understand how fluid the sense organs work, the one thing that you can never trust is sense. The momentary rigour of your sense organs. It can be extraordinarily precise, if you will, in measuring the change, the first derivative.

The change, “The thing I just tasted is this saltiness. The thing I tasted now.” It can be a high degree of precision in noticing the change. However, because of fatigue or desensitization, it is remarkable how unreliable the sense organs are.

The nominal quantity, the actual degree of salinity, the actual degree of acidity, the actual degree of sweetness. It can be off by many magnitudes of order because of the immediate prehistory of what has happened before.

Jacobsen: On a personal level, where do you get your motivation? It’s not simply having a high ability level and channeling it. It is drive too. For some, they acquire this from a personal faith. Others, they acquire this from an individual preference for challenge.

Others see it based in some kind of abstract ethical duties. Others, they want to make a living.

Shelton: I judge this by a moral imperative. I grew up as a dual-citizen in the full sense of the word. I enjoy the culture deeply. I was introduced to gastronomy. Here’s what I kept noticing, when I was in France, we ate with reckless abandon, including dessert. No one counted a calorie.

I always lost weight. Enjoying the food to the Nth degree, never measuring anything, never leaving the table hungry, always fulfilled, happy, experiencing the highest states of clarity, cognitive clarity, which I recall.

Then I come back to America to the standard American grain-based diet. I feel sluggish, comparatively, put on weight until it was uncomfortable. So, this is one reality. I am experiencing this.

I am going through high school science classes and chemistry, physics. I am being told a calorie is a calorie is a calorie. Obviously, all of the problems in this society are the fact that we need to justify the idiotic thing called Occam’s Razor.

This belief that when multiple solutions present themselves, then the simplest one is the most correct one. What is the basis for the claim? There is no basis for that. In fact, human experience should tell us the exact opposite.

Almost all things, in fact, that are important that we want to understand require complex systems mathematics, which very few of us are comfortable with and employ. We would rather have this totalitarian Napoleonic-type tale of the totalitarians, which is a desire for a simple folk tale.

To look at all this, and to look at what the standard American diet has done for human health here, and around the world, this grain-based diet and industrial seed oil called vegetable oil replacing wild, organic, 100% grass-fed animal fats.

It has caused more death and more economic harm, and more medical harm, than all the wars America has fought put together. This is a great breaking of the trust, in my mind. It is the idea restaurants are supposed to be peddling life.

Whereas, most of them are peddling death. Many of them are not aware of it. There is a way, in my life. I have been desperately trying to show through Aeon (Hospitality) with combining gastronomy and agriculture some things to people.

The reason French cuisine is still possibly the best cuisine on Earth is because French agriculture is the most beneficial, the healthiest, agriculture. It is the nation that made the decision-tree based on behaviour based on hedonism.

Whereas, everyone else was compromising that with economics. No one worse than America. To me, America and France (and Japan) represent the ends of the spectrum of agriculture. America, I can describe it as corn disguised as protein and water disguised as produce.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Shelton: Toxic water disguised as produce. That’s what is interesting. Our entire feedback loop is the FDA, which only concerns itself with shape and colour. They don’t even measure nutrient density or nutrient composition.

It is purely superficial, which is exactly the right mechanism if what you’re selling is corn disguised as protein and water disguised as produce. So, even in my work at Princeton, people are much more comfortable with the simple map of unstacked agricultural systems.

Let’s compare the yield in calories, a mono-cultural yield of corn versus a mono-cultural yield of beef. Of course, you’re going to get more calories from corn. However, regenerative agriculture, especially integrated livestock systems, are not to be understood in terms of monoculture, but in terms of multi-culture. It means stacked systems.

You can have trees. You can have fruits. You can have a cycling on-and-off lands, which increases the fertility and the nitrogen fixation. The nutrient density of the produce can skyrocket. The quality of the protein and, most importantly, the quality of the fats skyrockets.

There’s a massive deficit worldwide. The major deficit worldwide is Omega-3. We have these damn vegetable oils. The point, which I am trying to make, is: If you use rotational management of herds and rotational management of produce, and those are well-understood, you rotate those two rotations on parcels of lands.

You end up with a pretty extraordinary case of biomimicry, which captures carbon. So, the net result is a reduction of carbon in the atmosphere. You end up with extraordinarily healthy output as a byproduct of the sale.

In a sense, the price of everything comes down, as long as you have the same scale. That’s the only reason industrial agriculture is able to produce – if you want to call it – food products. The only reason a tomato or a cucumber raised in an industrial farm is less expensive than an organic version is because of scale.

Industrial farms can be 10,000 acres. Most of our organic farms are mini-mom-and-pop places with 2, 5, or 100 acres. They are too small to use the same labour saving equipment. The automated carrot harvester that can do the work of 50 people, better, with less damage to the carrot and to the soil, etc.

For a long time, I have been trying to make a proof of concept to get to the next real level. Where, you are not farming 100 acres, but farming 5,000 acres with this labour-saving equipment. This is the idea of replacing extractive systems with generative systems.

The center piece, most of these problems, e.g., climate change. If we converted 60% of the crop land that we have remaining over to these carbon negative, regenerative, integrated systems, we would have more food than the current system.

We would be growing topsoil instead of destroying topsoil. We would have infinitely healthier human outcomes, so drop the cost of medical expenditures, including diseases of civilization caused by a high grain-based, high-glycemic index, toxic thing.

At the end of the day, this is the idea of integrating all of these things for the love of the biological sciences. My love of cuisine and human health. It is the diet related aspects of human health. The natural health of the planet, planetary sciences, ecological sciences, the environmental part of it.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Aeon Hospitality.

[2] Individual Publication Date: April 8, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-3; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Common Sense Versus Scientific Validity, and Motivation: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (3) [Online]. April 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-3.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, April 8). Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Common Sense Versus Scientific Validity, and Motivation: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (3). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-3.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Common Sense Versus Scientific Validity, and Motivation: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (3). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, April. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-3>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Common Sense Versus Scientific Validity, and Motivation: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-3.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Common Sense Versus Scientific Validity, and Motivation: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (April 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-3.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Common Sense Versus Scientific Validity, and Motivation: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-3>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Common Sense Versus Scientific Validity, and Motivation: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-3.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Common Sense Versus Scientific Validity, and Motivation: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): April. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-3>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Common Sense Versus Scientific Validity, and Motivation: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (3) [Internet]. (2021, April 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-3.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Justice for Accused and Convicted ‘Witches’ Everywhere

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: April 7, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 623

Keywords: Advocacy for Alleged Witches, Claire Mitchell, Leo Igwe, Scottish, Uganda, Wtchcraft Act.

Justice for Accused and Convicted ‘Witches’ Everywhere[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

The Advocacy for Alleged Witches(AfAW) welcomes a petition calling on the Scottish government to pardon those accused and convicted as witches under the Witchcraft Act of 1563. This initiative is significant because it underscores a well-known fact that persons accused and convicted for witchcraft in Scotland were unjustly treated.

It is pertinent that this historic miscarriage of justice is acknowledged and remedied in some way. The petition asks the parliament to memorialize the victims of witch hunts in Scotland. One hopes that the Scottish parliament would answer this call.

AFAW applauds the Scottish lawyer, Claire Mitchell, who is championing this effort. Claire launched the “Witches of Scotland” campaign to rehabilitate witch-trial victims in 2020. She claimed that the Metoo movement emboldened her to seek a redress of this historic injustice. It has been noted that “Scotland’s parliament in March will debate a blanket rehabilitation for the thousands of people, mostly women, executed for alleged witchcraft. In the late 16th century, Scottish monarch, King James VI participated as an interrogator in witch trials and wrote a book about how to detect and prosecute witches. For generations, almost no one in the country defended alleged witches or acknowledged a family connection to them”. As Claire rightly pointed out, “We feel strongly that there needs to be a reckoning”. Indeed there is.

AFAW is delighted by this campaign to redress the injustices that alleged witches suffered centuries ago. Unfortunately, alleged witches have continued to suffer unfair and unjust treatment in many parts of the world today. Although, accusation and conviction of alleged witches belong to the past in Scotland, witch persecution rages in many places across the globe- from Africa to Oceania to the Indian subcontinent.

In Ghana, Nigeria, the Central African Republic, Malawi, Kenya, and South Africa, thousands of alleged witches who are mainly old women, and children are routinely attacked, lynched, stoned to death, banished, or imprisoned. In most cases, efforts to redress the unjust treatment of alleged witches are few and far apart, if at all, because the state is often complicit in the miscarriage of justice. States fail in their responsibility to prevent witch persecution or to protect alleged witches. They turn a blind eye to the persecution of alleged witches and sometimes indulge in prosecution and conviction of accused persons.

In cases where states intervene, it is usually too little too late. The police arrive after the alleged witch has been murdered; they make some arrests, or they claim that the suspects are at large. In Nigeria, the government has yet to arrest and prosecute those who set ablaze 15 suspected witches in Boki, Cross River State in Southern Nigeria. The incident took place in May last year and no steps have been taken to ensure justice in the case. In Ghana, the government has taken no measures to remedy the injustices against suspected witches. Thousands of them are languishing in various ‘witch camps’ in the Northern region. Instead, the government of Ghana is threatening to shut down these places of refuge for the accused. It must be noted that in some parts of Nigeria, suspected witches are subjected to post-mortem witch trials. And if confirmed as a witch, the body is burned, buried in a forest or thrown into a river.

So injustice against alleged witches did not only take place in Scotland and did not happen only centuries ago. Injustice against accused persons is not only a thing of the past; it is also a thing of the present. Any campaign to remedy the historic injustice against accused and convicted witches in Scotland should be used to highlight contemporary manifestations of witch persecution including other cases of miscarriage of justice against suspected witches in other parts of the world.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: April 7, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/justice-for-accused-and-convicted-witches-everywhere.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Ask Mubarak 7 – Et Tu? Two: How Bad Could Things Get?

 

 

 

 

 

Author: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 1.A, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: April 7, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 658

Keywords: Mubarak Bala, Nigeria, nonbelievers, religion, secular.

Ask Mubarak 7 – Et Tu? Two: How Bad Could Things Get?[1],[2]

*Interview originally published February 13, 2020, in Canadian Atheist.*

Mubarak Bala is the President of the Humanist Association of Nigeria. We will be conducting this educational series to learn more about Humanism and secularism within Nigeria. Here we talk about punishments against him, this was shortly before the imprisonment. 

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: What was the reason for the punishment by the religious fundamentalists against you?

Mubarak Bala: I was mostly threatened in the hope I recant and convert, the punishment was largely medical, with false diagnosis; I was administered epileptic drugs even as I was not.

The other punishments meted were isolation, boycott, seizure of assets by parents, and disinheritance, in hope that the elements get me. Several times I had nothing, and no friends, but other times, a few loyal friends and relatives come to the rescue.

The cultures are never tainted nor refined by the colonists here in the north. So, they are in their pristine forms, with all the accompanying misogyny and patriarchy, as well as elements of slavery and archaic punishments.

But I was lucky to be economically above the mob class, the middle class are mostly respected, as they have something to offer financially, which I did at most times, to be safe from those around me, of the lower socioeconomic class, which produces most of the mob.

Jacobsen: More on the state and punishment of nonbelievers. How did religion and state converge for the punishment of you?

Bala: The Kano government practices sharia, and when I left Kano, they announced that I have converted back, and that I have apologized for my blasphemy. The laws of the Federation are secular, and superior to the state’s laws, and as such, secular cities such as the capital, provided an escape.

The society mostly copies from the cultures of the Middle East and North Africa, and even though these cultures have long weaned off Islamism and are fighting it, in many fronts, the region here, makes sure no one wakes up, by tagging any progressive ideas as alien, western, satanic, bound for hell, and dangerous.

The real emancipation came with the internet, for this landlocked region, with the highest number of out of school children, highest birthrate globally, and the highest poverty rate.

The internet, not only brought home the information catalyst; no, it also allowed for secularists and rationalists to come together, form a community, socialize, help each other, befriend and network, as well as safely debate without actually meeting people, or jeopardizing their location and privacy.

Although, the big media locked us out; and the social media shuts down many of our accounts, based on the number of complaints over blasphemy and anonymity for those who could not really reveal their real identity. We endure, and forge ahead.

Atheist, agnostic and humanist ideals are now normalized even if not accepted. Instead of threats of actual violence, over the years, all we now endure is hate speech and threats of imagined monsters supposedly after we die naturally. A lot has been done, and there is progress…

Jacobsen: What were the justifications for the punishment of a nationally leading humanist with some international renowned?

Bala: Honor, prestige, conservatism, puritanism, narrow mindedness, fear of imagined gods, lessons to be set so others would not tread such path of apostasy.

In the end, they succeeded in only earning the cause more publicity, embarrassing themselves and rubbishing the system since they actually are corrupt, and also do such sins they caution against, sins they fear would be normalized, such as adultery and fornication, even as videos of their sexual escapades emerge online, with even little children.

In the end, though, something good happened, even theists now tilt aware from the hitherto trendy fanaticism, jihadism and fundamentalism, online, on-air and even in town hall gatherings.

It is all a new phenomena, a new social revolution, overturning the age-old system on itself. Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter trends from northern Nigeria, is now awash with #MeToo like narratives, #NewIdeas as well as #SocialChange tags which most importantly, is led by young ladies, under 30, defiant and progressive. There is hope for the next generation.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Mubarak.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, In-Sight Publishing.

[2] Individual Publication Date: April 7, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/ask-mubarak-7-et-tu-two-how-bad-could-things-get.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Ask Takudzwa 16 – Minorities within Majorities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Author: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 1.A, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: April 7, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: One Time Per Year

Words: 278

Keywords: Humanist Society of Zimbabwe, science, Takudzwa Mazwienduna, Zimbabwe, Zimbabwean Secular Alliance.

Ask Takudzwa 16 – Minorities within Majorities[1],[2]

*Interview originally published November 30, 2019, in Canadian Atheist.*

Takudzwa Mazwienduna is the informal leader of Zimbabwean Secular Alliance and a Member of the Humanist Society of Zimbabwe. This educational series will explore secularism in Zimbabwe from an organizational perspectiveand more. Here we talk about Zimbabwean humanists and science, and vigilance.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Zimbabwean humanists, as with other nations’ humanists, will remain a minority for the foreseeable future. Its emphasis on science may limit the degree to which individuals may adhere to the principles of humanism as a complete set. What will be some barriers involving scientific topics into the mainstream of the culture through the advancement of humanism with science component and chip of it?

Takudzwa Mazwienduna: Indeed, scientific literacy is a barrier since many Zimbabweans do not take the discipline as seriously as they do religion. Most of them understand science as a Western concept rather than the universal aspect it is.

Most people see it as a troublesome useless subject that should stay in the classroom and be done only by those crazy enough to be interested in it. Most Zimbabweans also probably can’t tell the difference between science and Scientology.

Implicating science in worldview matters won’t fly in most Zimbabwean circles. If anything, most will see it as Satanism as they do everything else that contradicts their Christian beliefs.

Jacobsen: What does this minority status within the larger religious demographics mean for the humanist community in Zimbabwe in political and social involvement (when that time comes as it must)?

Mazwienduna: It means the Humanist Society in Zimbabwe should remain vigilant and bold if they want to stay relevant in socio-political circles. We should stand up for secularism every time it is compromised and as long as the law is on our side, making sure it is enforced is the best we can do. All the weight we can give it.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Takudzwa.

Mazwienduna: Thank you, Scott.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, In-Sight Publishing.

[2] Individual Publication Date: April 7, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/ask-takudzwa-16-minorities-within-majorities.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on the American Social and Political Framework, and Puerto Rico and the Coronavirus: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: April 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,534

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Ricardo Rosselló Nevares holds a PhD in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. He graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with a Bachelor’s degree in Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering with a concentration in Developmental Economics. Rosselló continued his academic studies at the University of Michigan, where he completed a master’s degree and a PhD in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. After finalizing his doctoral studies, he completed post-doctoral studies in neuroscience at Duke University, in North Carolina, where he also served as an investigator. Dr. Rosselló was a tenure track assistant professor for the University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus and Metropolitan University, teaching courses in medicine, immunology, and biochemistry. Dr. Rosselló’s scientific background and training also makes him an expert in important developing areas such as genetic manipulation and engineering, stem cells, viral manipulation, cancer, tissue engineering and smart materials. He discusses: American political extremes; and the coronavirus for Puerto Ricans.

Keywords: complexity, coronavirus, leadership, Puerto Rico, Ricardo Rosselló Nevares.

Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on the American Social and Political Framework, and Puerto Rico and the Coronavirus: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (4)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Looking at Canada, as a comparative metric, we have the similar situation with two dominant parties, but three minor to moderate-sized parties in terms of election numbers. In the United States, much more extreme with the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. You see a  bit with the Green Party and the Liberty Party.

I think you may see this with the Pirate Party or something. Extreme support of anything science-supporting in policy. I don’t know if it is thought out much beyond that. This binary of two extremes becoming more extreme, as you stated it.

It is, certainly, reflective of a condition of the United States that is concerning because when the wind blows with the United States. You don’t what other boats it is going to rock if not bump into because it $20,000,000,000,000+.

Only the European Union and the People’s Republic China have a similar kind of financial force. What are you seeing as some of the root sources of these divisions that  then lead to this bifurcation, this splitting into extremes in either direction?

Dr. Ricardo Rosselló[1],[2]*: I think this phenomena, even though it is occurring in the United States, as you said, is reverberating in many different parts of the world. I think there is a reason or several reasons for this. One, I think social media has changed the game.

There are a lot of voices, which is good. Now, the sort of negative symptom that I see. Unless, you make an outrageous claim. You really won’t get covered. Let’s take healthcare, you have three folks. One says, “I have this proposal: work with the insurance companies, work with choice. This and that,” sort of nuance.

Another says, “Let’s completely privatize healthcare.” Another says, ‘Let’s give healthcare completely for free.” Who do you think is going to get more attention?

Jacobsen: [Laughing]

Rosselló: It is, unfortunately in my view, the person who says, “Just give it for free,” versus the guy who says, “Privatize everything,” because it is a sort of a seemingly simplistic solution to a very complex problem. That’s a fell swoop.

I’m not diminishing. There are some things where solutions may be like that. I’m saying not all the solutions are like that. In fact, many are complex and nuanced. You need to think of secondary and tertiary effects.

What do I think keeps on happening? People see that the more extreme – I do not mean “extreme” derogatorily – or on the fringes that you make a statement, or the bolder the accusation or the bolder the statement, then the more coverage you’re going to get.

It is a symptom of something. Someone might have an interest analytical solution to one of these problems. Nobody cares. That’s one thing. A second thing, I lived this. I told myself as an element of discipline when I was governor, “I am not going to attack the opposition. I am going to oppose them on policy issues.”

The strength of the personal and negative attack, the effect of it, is so much greater than anything positive that you can do. Inevitably, a rational player in the game will always say, “If I want to get to do this, I will have to play by these rules and will have to get nastier.”

If Nancy Pelosi stands up and says, “I kind of disagree with President Trump.” It is not the same as saying, “That guy is crazy and has to be imprisoned.” What one of the two is going to get the headlines? That’s where I think this complexity is a little bit out of hand in a way.

Jacobsen: It’s our fault as journalists too. We play into this.

Rosselló: It’s everybody’s fault. It is like a chicken and an egg thing. People want to consume something. Take CNN, for example, CNN was – 20 years ago, 15 years ago – maybe, left-leaning, but center-left. It was sort of an editorial push.

Washington Post over here, as well. It has gone to a place, where it is very bold, strict statements that fly in the face and catch your attention. When you see that, and you’re producing as a media entity, you see; there’s been other media outlets that have tried to stay informing the news.

Those have died out. Again, taking just the news shows, I say “CNN.” But you could apply this to anyone. Back in the day, I remember watching with my grandfather Crossfire. It was the talking heads show. The rest was the news. Now, it’s the opposite. It’s like there’s an opinion show 50 minutes out of every hour, then it’s like “this happened.”

Because of the strength of that, there has been this emergent phenomenon. In my view, there is this big center. That was partially my calculation and I’ll tell you how I failed. There is this big center looking for rational solutions. Neither from the left or the right.

What is the rational solution to improve the quality of life of the people in my jurisdiction? Because the initial conditions in Puerto Rico are different than the initial conditions in Vancouver. Policy that might apply there might not apply here.

My view was, “I’m going to try to apply this scientific approach.” But because I was so tame, in the middle, I was sort of over-run by the corners. Then there’s another thing that you said. I want to be watchful. I don’t to pass judgment.

But I want to be watchful. I hear people say, “Let’s listen to science. Let’s listen to the experts.” I hope this doesn’t become a tag sentence that becomes cute. Because you can repeat it over and over again. There’s so much noise. They won’t be able to tell the difference.

I can envision two paths. Either we say it and we do it. I have some ideas on how we can get there. Or people say it. They will say it from both sides, but just use different data to support their claims.

Jacobsen: Sure [Laughing], which is primarily anti-scientific.

Rosselló: It is! It is. Even though, on the top layer of it, it is “trust science, trust science, trust science,” but it is really “trust science only if it fits into your storyboard.” Before, there was not a lot of information. People didn’t have enough information, perhaps, to make the correct choice.

Now, there’s so much information. I fear people have an innate feeling of something: “I like this” or “I like that.” They will pick-and-choose whatever data fits into that as opposed to being persuaded because the data is so strong on one side and so strong on the other.

To me, one of the clear issues is climate change. I make no apologies that climate change is happening and is happening at a very speedy rate. Not only do I say this as a scientist, I say this as somebody who had to lead a jurisdiction was the third hardest hit jurisdiction in global climate change in the world.

I – literally – saw an island off the coast of Puerto Rico called Palominito. It was there four years ago. It’s not there anymore. I’ve seen the hurricanes, of course. I have seen the coastlines. For Republicans, unfortunately, depends on your prism, to have veered into this opposition view of climate change – some of them, it seems ludicrous to me.

Because there’s no more conservative agenda in the galaxy than avoiding climate change.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Rosselló: Somehow, some way, “if my opponent is here, I have to be in a stark contrast over here. Otherwise, I get railroaded.” There’s a lot of that happening. There’s two paths. It could unravel a little bit. My gut tells me: it’ll unravel for a little bit longer, then things will, like the ebbs and flows of waves, start coming back to the shoreline.

It is still concerning to see that that is the paradigm and whoever yells loudest and has the craziest claim has a seat at the table.

Jacobsen: In Canada, our most cited doctor is a epidemiologist named Gordon Guyatt. He makes the distinction between equity and autonomy in medical systems. Western European, most North Americans excluding the United States, value equity when it comes to healthcare.

So, then you get kind of a nationalized healthcare system, in the United States, they value autonomy more, so get privatization more in healthcare. So, he doesn’t make it in terms of a judgment, but the outcome you would expect in different situations of evaluation, intersubjective national evaluation of what matters in certain areas.

Even in Canada, he said ‘by accident’ to me. We don’t have pharmacare [Laughing]. Some Western European countries have pharmacare, which allows them to bargain better. In Puerto Rico, you have a situation in which healthcare and pharmacare are not present.

Yet, after your term in office, Puerto Rico has the coronavirus impacting it. There is a distance from other areas in which there may be more supplies to give the citizenry. How are Puerto Ricans handling the coronavirus? What is the situation for ordinary citizens?

Rosselló: I think it is similar to what is happening in the United States, but with a wider broken structural integrity. When you look at a black elephant event, like a pandemic, some say it is a black swan, because it is unexpected. I think we should expect pandemics.

We should embed them into the design of whatever it is that we are doing. Now, you could see countries that do that responding better. There’s a plethora of different factors. It is hard to compare a democratic society to an autocratic society and how they respond.

Whether you like it or not, that matters, but there are some things that I think are important in this. It’s one of the big things. If we move forward with this scientific mentality in the United States and in the world, I do believe there is a need to create what other places have created.

But we need to tailor it more to a Western mindset, which is a foresight capability. The way I see this is people talk about science and people talk about government. Let me go back philosophically to what I have found are the major differences between being a political figure and a scientist, I happen to be both.

The scientist, typically, explores ad nauseam, looks for every little thing, analyzes, has the whole map in front of them, but are reluctant to make a conclusion from it. They, typically – and by “typically,” I mean “we typically,” the political figure needs no evidence, a whim or an intuition if you will. Some have it; some don’t.

They can make a very clear and concrete determination based on it. If this is the starting point, if you agree with this concept that this is a starting point, and if we endeavour to merge the world’s of science and politics and policy, there needs to be some bridges made to approximate that.

To me, one possible solution, they may be many, which may be better. One possible solution is creating or establishing a basis of your government, like the judicial system, but a system of foresight that is there to do a few functions.

Number one, to care-take for longer term projects, one of the advantages, for example, which could be a disadvantage as well; one of the advantages that Qatar or one of those places has the autocratic rule saying, “The next 40 years, we are going to invest here. This is what is going to happen.”

The liability in the democratic system is I could come and say, “We’re going to invest here,” and then a few years later. Somebody comes to say, “No, no, scratch that, we’re going to invest here.” It might be good, but that might also be bad for long-term growth.

We need to start segregating some of these things that are infrastructure, for example. It needs to be always changing, but a longer term endeavour because, otherwise, you’re never going to see those results. Similarly, crisis and disaster management is something that’s rarely on the mind of elected officials.

Because they operate – their space of operation is solving the problems right ahead or looking forward to a brighter future, but avoiding all these inconveniences, avoiding earthquakes, avoiding pandemics. I see that one possible path is creating a foresight function, embed it into government.

You put scientists there. But also, you put project managers there. The idea is you have all of these people in a dormant state for some time planning, preparing, and doing these things with foresight, expecting, and helping.

In the dormant state, you help the leader develop his path. So, you give the leader, “Hey, here are all the conditions, these are all the things that we see. These are all of the facts. You create a path forward. These are the things that we see. These are the things that we need to look at, and consider.”

Say an earthquake, a hurricane, or a pandemic hit, then these teams, different to the rest of the political establishment, they’re ready to be activated, because they are thinking about this all the time. You couple this with project management, then you deploy.

Now, for example, the United States has FEMA. FEMA is another big bureaucratic monster. It gives a lot of money and that’s great. But it is nowhere near as effective. I’ve had this thought for four years. I tried to implement this in Puerto Rico.

It was a long-term path forward. The pandemic highlights why this is necessary. With the pandemic, you are battling a virus that is really 14-days ahead of you. A lot of policymakers that didn’t understand that were always going to be behind the curve.

They were reacting what is happening today. What is really happening, it is what you are projecting happening in 14 days. I think establishing that model will be very helpful. So, bringing it back to Puerto Rico and to the United States, I think they lack that model. Singapore has that model. Great Britain in some parts has that model.

Again, other factors, just by the sheer or the immediate reaction of some of these countries, “Hey, put a mask on”; whereas, others took months. The numbers are staggering in terms of the difference that one fact provided. I think there needs to be that bridge between science and policy, and politics.

There needs to be that institutionalized mentality of how we create this. I know it’s very raw how I foresee it. But I envision it as a judicial system if you will, which runs parallel and takes care of some of these things that are longer term and reacts to these phenomena.

To me, what is evidently clear, whether for good or for bad, complexity is going to keep increasing. If you have people thinking linearly in positions of power, they’re going to shoot themselves in the foot one time after the next.

Whereas, if you have people understanding complexity, maybe not controlling it, but, at least, understanding it, it changes the ballgame completely.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Former Governor, Puerto Rico.

[2] Individual Publication Date: April 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/rossello-4; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on the American Social and Political Framework, and Puerto Rico and the Coronavirus: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (4) [Online]. April 2021; 26(A). Available from: https://in-sightjournal.com/rossello-4.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, April 1). Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on the American Social and Political Framework, and Puerto Rico and the Coronavirus: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (4). Retrieved from https://in-sightjournal.com/rossello-4.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on the American Social and Political Framework, and Puerto Rico and the Coronavirus: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (4). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, April. 2021. <https://in-sightjournal.com/rossello-4>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on the American Social and Political Framework, and Puerto Rico and the Coronavirus: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. https://in-sightjournal.com/rossello-4.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on the American Social and Political Framework, and Puerto Rico and the Coronavirus: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (April 2021). https://in-sightjournal.com/rossello-4.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on the American Social and Political Framework, and Puerto Rico and the Coronavirus: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <https://in-sightjournal.com/rossello-4>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on the American Social and Political Framework, and Puerto Rico and the Coronavirus: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., https://in-sightjournal.com/rossello-4.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on the American Social and Political Framework, and Puerto Rico and the Coronavirus: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): April. 2021. Web. <https://in-sightjournal.com/rossello-4>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on the American Social and Political Framework, and Puerto Rico and the Coronavirus: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (4) [Internet]. (2021, April 26(A). Available from: https://in-sightjournal.com/rossello-4.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Science, Food, Farming, and Finance: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: April 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,308

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Chef Craig Shelton has over 40 years of experience in science-based cooking and teaching in the hospitality business. He trained in eight of the world’s greatest restaurants, including “El Bulli”, “Jamin”; “Ma Maison”, “L’Auberge de l’Ill”, “Le Pré Catelan”, “Bouley”, “Le Bernardin”, and “La Côte Basque. Chef Shelton has earned countless awards as Chef-Owner of his own restaurants including a James Beard Best Chef medal, NY Times 4-Stars ratings on four separate occasions, a 5-Star Forbes rating, the Relais & Châteaux Grand Chef title; and Number One Top Restaurant in America in 2004 from GQ. Mr. Shelton is also an instructor at Princeton University in the Princeton Environmental Institute, where he teaches a freshman seminar on the interrelationships between public policy, agriculture, diet-related disease and anthropogenic climate change. Mr. Shelton began his expertise in this area while an undergraduate of Yale where he earned his degree in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry. He is a co-founder of the think tank, Princeton Center for Food Studies, the founder of King’s Row Coffee, and a co-founder of Aeon Holistic Agriculture, Inc. He is recognized as a consummate business consultant with specialization in macro finance. He is known for his ability to generate excitement in his cooks and instill in them the drive toward excellence by connecting all aspects of gastronomy to the larger intellectual landscape – chemistry, ecology, literature, art and human physiology. His great passions are reading and ocean sailing. His full C.V. can be seen here. More about Aeon HospitalityMountainville ManorAeon Holistic AgricultureKings Row Coffee, and Princeton Studies Food (in the hyperlinks provided). He discusses: science; Aeon Hospitality; financial consulting; awards; and restaurant models.

Keywords: Aeon Hospitality, Craig Shelton, culinary arts, enterprise, finance.

Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Science, Food, Farming, and Finance: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (2)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: So, we were cut short due to time constraints yesterday around the subject matter, which you’ve devoted 20+ to 35+ years of your life depending on the metric. This is around culinary arts and business, and the biophysics infused into those, not everyone will do them. Because they take common sense and folk knowledge from centuries past into the current style of culinary art. When, in fact, the science may have some evidence contrary to what is considered wisdom from days past. Let’s talk a little more.

Master Chef Craig Shelton[1],[2]*: What is interesting too, there is so much pent-up demand. When you’ve allowed an entire century to pass, and have almost isolated a discipline like the culinary arts, you’ve isolated it from any and all advances made in the rest of the intellectual world.

Once that pin is pricked, it’s an intellectual prophylactic. Then there’s an explosion. So, it really came in the moment with El Bulli, so, it didn’t just like a light switch happen that one day; no one is willing to embrace or talk about or allow reading about kitchen science, then it became a little bit allowed.

It was like an absolute immersion. It went from nothing to everything seemingly in the top kitchens. It was laboratory-type equipment. People are pushing this thing on steroids. It was quite an extraordinary thing to witness. A deficit has built up over centuries, this intellectual deficit.

When the levy broke, it was quite a flood. It was really quite a beautiful thing to witness. To be in that picture for a while, to see it, it was important.

Jacobsen: Why the name Aeon Hospitality?

Shelton: So often, people and companies are consulting companies, economists. I did not use that because I wanted to emphasize an intellectual position rather than a personality. Most hospitality comes to a brand of a personality.

I was a very reserved, very quiet, very brainy human being. Then all of the sudden, it is my turn to be a sous chef. In those days, back in the mid- to late-80s of the last century, there was this presumption of a larger than life personality. I had to manufacture one, adopt my style.

It took a certain effort to get into producing a persona that I felt was required for the task. I think part of this explosion, which kept some out of the discipline. I think it levels off rather quickly. Then the notion of chefs was not so thoughtful.

It suddenly allowed for a much broader type of presentation.

Jacobsen: How do you build financial consulting into the expertise you have around hospitality and running restaurants?

Shelton: It is a question that deserves a question. In the sense, when you say, “Financial,” there is a whole suite of disciplines in finance. There’s expertise in raising money. There’s expertise in managing money.

The kind of expertise that would come into play when you’re running a restaurant have to do with general knowledge. It’s odd the industry has no exposure to financial concepts, time value of money, pricing of risk.

The most basic fundaments of the entire body of knowledge in our world. But it is most useful for people in understanding the basics: What do you mean by “present value”? What do you mean by “these things”? What do you mean by “return on”? What is the function of a business?

How many thousands of times a manager said to me, “Craig, how can you say this project is upside down when it profits?” They don’t understand the difference between an operating profit and a return on investment, even something as simple as that.

It completely can change the way people can understand their job, the management of labour. So, it’s kind of like this. You have studied a lot of high-range people. You become more – I’m sure – learned in a range of subject matters, which is quite expansive.

Here’s this person who experiences a similar thing, which he chose to stay current, he is reading the Harvard Business Review vigorously each month. Every year, these kinds of journals publish lists of the most important business books ever written.

You start reading some of the stuff. There’s absolutely no limit to how much it could improve your business, how much it improves your life, your inner life and relationships in life. What you find, in a lot of industries, this is a long-time standing observation.

Entrepreneurs are too busy to work on improving their business, more lives suffer, even more tragic on the lives on their employees who dramatically suffer for it. The businesses suffer for it. They are underperforming.

I have read so much. I have real-world experience, as I have CPAs in my companies, MBAs in my companies, who helped me along; I tried to get mentors for me, from an early age. One of my business partners was very, very, very, successful as a United States developer.

He allowed me to be his mentor, and an understudy of how he runs successful companies. Like you, when I was young, my restaurant was in the middle of the world’s most important pharmaceutical center, New Jersey.

One of the centers for telecommunications was there and for business products, e.g., insurance, financial services. So, the people who come to my restaurant every single day for 25 years are some of the best minds in the business world, in the entire world, I befriended many of them.

They were absolutely generous in sharing their insights with me. I was extremely fortunate in that way.

Jacobsen: You’ve had a number of awards. “#1 Top Restaurant in America” in 2004 from GQ, a 5-star Forbes rating, a number of distinguished titles or accolades for performance in your relevant area. What do you attribute most of the success at the highest to now?

How do you integrate that into more improvements still in the performance of a restaurant, of the consulting, while still keeping your feet on the ground while acknowledging individual and collective excellence either under the individual or business name?

Shelton: One of my taglines is “I never witnessed a business in my life ever working harder than us.” Every restaurant, generally, which I have seen fail, is people weren’t thinking deeply enough, certainly not deeply often enough.

Jacobsen: In what way?

Shelton: In every way, business models, the business model was broken 150 years ago, but there was more demand than supply. If you had 25 days, I could start talking and never repeat myself and not run out of new topics.

I’ll give you the simplest example. Every restaurant in the world punishes good customers and rewards bad customers. All of the incentives in restaurants reward things that lead to bankruptcy and punishes things leading to financial success.

Jacobsen: Is this where the restaurant models were broken 150 years ago?

Shelton: Yes, if you used to own a restaurant in Italy or France, you most likely inherited it from your father, who inherited it from his. Your pricing model did not need to include capitalization expenses, because you inherited it tax-free.

Secondly, who were your workers, all these family enterprises didn’t have to account for labour. It was your family. You didn’t need to pay for all the labour and made profits if you will. Overhead was generally diminished because there weren’t a lot of insurance costs, of marketing going on, etc.

These things were negligible to many of their costs. Primarily, it had not yet gone through the artificial asset inflation process of the 20th century in British banking and in Europe. So, what I observed early on, the fact of three macros in business.

The cost of the materials on the plate or on the glass if you’re drinking. Then you have labour, which is the second macro. The third is all the single line items. We call this overhead in business. It could be 500 things all related to this.

At any rate, the point is: If you think about it, if you do the thought experiments, you understand the labour or the overhead costs are, actually, fixed costs. That is, if you filled your restaurants with 100 diners, and if each dish sold might be a chicken dish, on one given night in the suburbs with a single seating (they’re not turning the tables in America in the suburbs), you’re selling chicken at 20$ per person.

On some other arbitrary night, it happens the same number of people, 100 people, came in and ordered the most expensive item. Let’s say the rack of lamb at 50$ a plate, would there be a penny’s difference in the labour between those items? The answer is “No.”

Would there be a penny’s difference in the overhead? The answer is “No.” Those things have to be considered fixed. The only variable thing is the cost of goods. There is not a single restaurant in the world pricing to that reality.

No one says, “I have a million dollars a year of the combination of labour and overhead. I have 100,000 customers in the year. Therefore, my pricing model should be 1,000,000/100,000 equals 10$ at fixed cost plus the variable cost, whatever it is that they choose to eat, plus some amount of profit.

There is not a single restaurant in the world, outside of my own clients, which have even the awareness of this. Then what happens, they are coached by the finance community into this faulty way of thinking, which is the way you price everything.

You only worry about the cost of goods. A 5$ cost of goods for this dish, mark it up times 3 for 15$. A 10$ cost of goods goes to 30$. A 15$ dish goes to 45$, and so forth. Then they’re told, “If you subtract the cost of goods from the retail price, then you get gross margin.”

In those cases, 15 minus 5 is 10, 30 minus 10 is 20, 45 minus 10 is 35. Now, we’re going to allocate a fixed percentage of the gross margin to account for labour in each of these cases, which is – let’s say – 50% of gross margin.

So, that’d be 5$, 10$, and 15$. The overhead may be 40% of those margins: 4$, 8$, and 12$. That is a mathematical representation. It seems to tell you. In the case of the first dish, you are making 1$ on the first, 2$ on the second, 3$ on the third.

It is like mainstream economics, but it excludes banks, credit, and money from their formulas describing the new economy. It may be beautiful mathematics. It may be stunningly beautiful mathematics. But does it have any relationship whatsoever to reality?

The answer in both cases is “no.” Hence, the almost perfect failure of prediction in economics. They resort to calling things black swans, as in unpredictable, rather than realizing the models are based on false assumptions.

Why did you exclude this money from the banking sector, when it’s the single largest source of money? Perhaps, 50:1 or 100:1 depending on the nation. Economics entirely omitted it. It is a similar kind of situation in restaurants.

The reality: Once you understand, it doesn’t matter what the customer orders once the labour and the overhead is fixed. “I am not making money on the chicken dish. I am losing 12$ on a dish, which I sell for 15$. I am overcharging the customer.” Not knowing this, not understanding things such as what the true cost of using your purveyors as your source of interim credit rather than using the financial institution for credit.

These are multimillion-dollar mistakes. I can keep going on, and on, and on, where the first assumptions, almost everything held to be true in the hospitality industry, are absolutely wrong. So, there’s lots of opportunity if you can get someone into a place of willingness to do something generally uncomfortable in our industry, which is this thing called “thinking.”

When you have mispriced your entire array of goods, it comes down to this: Not understanding, every restauranteur has been brainwashed into believing that they have one business, which is to sell food and beverage; the reality is quite different.

The reality: You have two different businesses under one roof, not even in the same industry. You manufacture food. You merely retail beverage. When you manufacture, you have to include the pro rata cost, fixed costs, per product or per customer.

In addition to the variable cost, now, the beverage component is purely discretionary. It’s purely incremental. Therefore, it should be priced as no proportion of the fixed costs in it. What ends up happening, in most restaurants, if you do the forensics correctly, you realize.

They are losing about 75% on the totality of their food sales. If you took away all the beverages, you would see that they are losing the food part at about a 75% loss. That’s the reason that they have to mark up their beverages for an average of 4 times. That’s how they stay alive.

It is two mistakes trying to cancel each other out. You are gouging on the beverage side because you are mispricing on the food side. It is not that they are overcharging or undercharging. They are doing both. You are overcharging on the expensive items.

You are dramatically undercharging on the cheaper items. You are turning your generic customers, unwittingly, with your improper use of math. You turn them into customers who lose money on the food side and aren’t even aware of it.

This terrible so-called solution is to gouge everybody on their beverage purchases, which especially punishes the people who want the finer things, e.g., the nicer bottles of wine or the nicer drinks. They really get gouged. That’s one small example.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Aeon Hospitality.

[2] Individual Publication Date: April 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-2; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Science, Food, Farming, and Finance: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (2) [Online]. April 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-2.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, April 1). Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Science, Food, Farming, and Finance: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-2.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Science, Food, Farming, and Finance: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, April. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-2>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Science, Food, Farming, and Finance: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-2.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Science, Food, Farming, and Finance: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (April 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-2.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Science, Food, Farming, and Finance: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-2>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Science, Food, Farming, and Finance: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-2.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Science, Food, Farming, and Finance: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): April. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-2>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Master Chef Craig Shelton on Science, Food, Farming, and Finance: Founder, Aeon Hospitality (2) [Internet]. (2021, April 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/shelton-2.

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Conversation with Gareth Rees on Genius and Philosophy: Member, Canadian High IQ Society (2)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: April 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,180

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Gareth Rees is a Member of the Canadian High IQ Society. He discusses: extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses; the greatest geniuses in history; a genius from a profoundly intelligent person; profound intelligence necessary for genius; some work experiences and jobs; job path; the more important aspects of the idea of the gifted and geniuses; God; science; the tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations); the range of the scores; ethical philosophy; social philosophy; economic philosophy; political philosophy; metaphysics; theology; worldview-encompassing philosophical system; meaning in life; meaning; an afterlife; the mystery and transience of life; and love.

Keywords: Canadian High IQ Society, Gareth Rees, genius, intelligence, IQ.

Conversation with Gareth Rees on Genius and Philosophy: Member, Canadian High IQ Society (2)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: When you think of the ways in which the geniuses of the past have either been mocked, vilified, and condemned if not killed, or praised, flattered, platformed, and revered, what seems like the reason for the extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses? Many alive today seem camera shy – many, not all.

Gareth Rees[1],[2]*: I do not have a great answer for this. Negative reactions that lead to death likely threatened then current paradigms, positions of power or monetary inflows. Those mocked were probably poor communicators or their surrounding kind were of low mean intelligence, making it difficult to be understood. Reasons for the opposite ends of those reactions are usually the witnessing of whatever groundbreaking production. Seeing is believing, and in such cases, it is simply novelty (not seen before). It is a simple rule of deviating from the norm. Deviating enough results in getting noticed and that is sometimes inevitable. It can also get more complex than what I have mentioned though. There is also the social dynamics side of this phenomena but that is not as important. People simply enjoy having role models or heroes, there might be an aspect of divinity therein. The element of rarity is another ingredient for such reactions.

Not wanting to be in the spotlight is probably due to most geniuses being introverts. If nothing or little is gained from it or they find the attention off-putting then perhaps it is the way the media is framing such events. The media can be obnoxious, so I am not surprised.

Jacobsen: Who seem like the greatest geniuses in history to you?

Rees: I believe I have answered this before. The ones that are also mystics are my favorites. Tesla, Einstein, and Newton are my favorites. There are so many geniuses that have lived as enough time has passed despite their rarity. Another one was possibly Walter Pitts, but he was destroyed by a certain someone’s irrationality and might not have been a genius but just one with an IQ >170 SD15.

There’s also Archimedes, Maxwell, Ramanujan, and da Vinci that I admire.

Jacobsen: What differentiates a genius from a profoundly intelligent person?

Rees: One must accept that a genius is more than one identified by IQ. This would best be answered on a case-by-case basis. A high caliber genius such as Ramanujan is extremely difficult to explain. He supposedly did not quite have the distasteful personality that has been most common. Such a personality is not static anyway, or at least is dependent on mood, therefore diet, health, social life, status, resources etc. States of mind change from minute to minute, hour to hour, day to day, week to week and so on. If Ramanujan truly received most of his insights in his dreams, then that is some very powerful unconscious noesis. It is almost as if he was given the knowledge as he claimed. This is extremely disturbing from an artificial intelligence standpoint. It implies a limit, but one can hope his interpretation of dreams are simply coincidental. In other words, Ramanujan was of divine being. More than just IQ, more than just being creative and more than just being in states of high creative output. It would take a super intelligence to deconstruct the algorithms of intelligence that he possessed.

There have been other models of genius that have been extended. Paul Cooijmans has two very well explained definitions that are necessary to grasp the concept. Starting from Eysenck, Paul has reiterated intelligence, associative horizon, and conscientiousness. I would like to add that conscientiousness is required to produce work over extended periods of time, it is not quite necessary to come up with the ideas required for the work. Conscientiousness also aids in learning, but it is not necessary to keep an interest in whatever one’s subject is.

Another important detail is awareness as outlined by Paul Cooijmans. From my understanding, being in a genius state, awareness is increased. This is highly important because not many discuss or reference it. I think this is probably the most common situation for one’s mind required for extreme breakthroughs. High awareness is not sustainable though. It requires a certain brain wiring/structure which is not neurotypical, and on top of that the amplification of awareness is regulated by dopamine/serotonin. Dopamine is the neurochemical driver of mania. There is some research that suggests being in a state of flow leads to genius, but this is something different that is not even that rare. Genius is the rarest of all. We can even stream a synthetic version which is by the pharmaceutical product, Adderall. This is something that is relatively new, released in 1996.

To sum it up, a profoundly intelligent person is much less complex than a genius. A profoundly intelligent person can be identified by IQ alone, if one defines an arbitrary classification as such. 160 SD15 is quite commonly used for this category, but that is just a score achieved on one test. Enough tests need to be taken to qualify one at that level.

It is usually said that Mensa accepts those in the top 2%, but really, they accept a score of 130 (should be 130.8) SD15 which leads to members not actually requiring an IQ within the top 2%. Paul has also mentioned this. This goes for any high IQ society though, including his own, Glia.

There’s more to be said about this distinction but this should suffice. Genius is extremely rare. It requires training of the mind, the necessary genes for the unique brain wiring and reception to neurochemistry. It requires intelligence and optimal personality characteristics. It requires time and isolation. It requires passion and conscientiousness. It requires luck of being born in the right era for whatever that genius is wired to do. It requires being in delicate states which are not sustained, but not all geniuses seem to require this. They are often molded by harsh environments, sometimes involving the death of a parent at an early age. A profound intellect mostly just requires a healthy upbringing. It also doesn’t hurt to have mentors and a strong intellectual social network or more.

Jacobsen: Is profound intelligence necessary for genius?

Rees: If 160 SD15 is a level of profound intelligence, then no, it is not.

Jacobsen: What have been some work experiences and jobs held by you?

Rees: Factory worker, door-to-door sales, IT support worker and software specialist. There are more but they are not anything special.

Jacobsen: Why pursue this particular job path?

Rees: I work best when I am at a computer. That will never change.

Jacobsen: What are some of the more important aspects of the idea of the gifted and geniuses? Those myths that pervade the cultures of the world. What are those myths? What truths dispel them?

Rees: The fact that the word “genius” is overused, and still used as an IQ classification, whether that arbitrary cut-off is 140, 150 or 160 SD15. It is not important; it is just annoying. The researchers know the distinction, so no harm done really.

Harm can come from expectations though, so really if parents think their child is destined for greatness just by evidence of an IQ score, they are likely to be disappointed while at the same time torturing their child.

Jacobsen: Any thoughts on the God concept or gods idea and philosophy, theology, and religion?

Rees: Sure, if I were God and had to please both sides, I would design it so intentional belief with heart was enough to make it so. If one believes in God, then God exists for them in their reality. If they do not think God exists, then there is no existence of God for them. If one wanted to live in an afterlife and did not want it to be heaven, that would be granted too, from God though. This is quite like the CTMU by Chris Langan.

Other than that, I do not care much for it. Some people seem to require it; The need for support or a framework. Provided they are not trying to influence others too strongly then it is mostly harmless. The biggest problems seem to come from wars caused by religion, but there would be wars regardless I would think.

Jacobsen: How much does science play into the worldview for you?

Rees: I am typing on a computer and use electronics daily, and mostly listen to electronic music. The result of science is the biggest aid to my life bar none.

Jacobsen: What have been some of the tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations) for you?

Rees: My scores worth mentioning are as follows:

DynamIQ (1st attempt) 150 SD15

FIQure (1st attempt) 150 SD15

WARP (avg of 1st/2nd) 149 SD15

LexIQ 152 SD15

CIT5 152 SD15

PIGS3 154 SD15

VAULT 162 SD15

GIFT III N 158 SD15

GIFT IV V 156 SD15

GIFT III V 160 SD15

GENE III V 146 SD15

GET (avg of 1st/2nd) 147.5 SD15

Verbatim 148 SD15

VerbIQ 150 SD15

Vortex 151 SD15

SymboIQ 158 SD15

WIT 148 SD15

Spark 142 SD15

Logica Stella 140 SD15

W-Test 148 SD15

Jacobsen: What is the range of the scores for you? The scores earned on alternative intelligence tests tend to produce a wide smattering of data points rather than clusters, typically.

Rees: My scores range from 115 SD 15 to ~160 SD15. My outlier scores are on homogeneous tests, so they aren’t that meaningful. My attempts are also quite brief as I am not that persistent. I am not the kind of person that is able to work on a test for months on end as I end up getting bored.

Jacobsen: What ethical philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Rees: That is private for now. I will make it public later.

Jacobsen: What social philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Rees: I do not really understand the importance of a social philosophy. People will do what they want to do, given whatever constraints they wish to abide by.

Jacobsen: What economic philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Rees: This is dependent on the citizenry. Different systems work for different people, so I am not sure I would subscribe to one. I would divide the people up and optimize to tailor to their benefit and thus the system.

Jacobsen: What political philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Rees: Same deal as above. Since not one works for everyone, it is best to divide people up. Existing philosophies could have their complexity increased as an alternative, but that’s messy, time consuming and might not work.

Jacobsen: What metaphysics makes some sense to you, even the most workable sense to you?

Rees: My own of course. More detail on that later through other means of communication. I have a negative outlook on the utility of metaphysics. It is hard to transform it into meaningful use for everyone. Making a framework isomorphic to sensory experience is not only very difficult, but not even really necessary.

Jacobsen: What is theology to you? Is this an important part of life for you?

Rees: Theology is an interesting development. People long for an answer and the popular one has seemed to be an easy way to deal with the inception of reality. It is not that important to me.

Jacobsen: What worldview-encompassing philosophical system makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Rees: That intelligence rules all and determines the future.

Jacobsen: What provides meaning in life for you?

Rees: Positive sensory experiences. Being on the computer, being with a woman or exercising. Daydreaming. I am a slave to dopamine as is everyone that is free enough to benefit from it.

Jacobsen: Is meaning externally derived, internally generated, both, or something else?

Rees: Meaning is determined by level of investment, which can be associated with low to high level attribution and time. It is obviously external mapped then internally processed, executed by a continuous process we call consciousness/awareness.

Jacobsen: Do you believe in an afterlife? If so, why, and what form? If not, why not?

Rees: An afterlife could be fun. I would not mind one. I also would not say I believe in it since it implies uncertainty. If it is a possibility then cool, sign me up.

Jacobsen: What do you make of the mystery and transience of life?

Rees: I have no idea. Life just is. If there is a higher order of being then it is not going to be easy to reach.

Jacobsen: What is love to you? 

Rees: A neurological, biological, and chemical process. It is a synergy of many things from awareness of the object, the experience, impact, and evolutionary bind that forms the bond. Pretty faces or beauty gives us dopamine. We cannot escape this constraint, but would we want to? The rest that follows is more complex, but the gist is that love serves as trust and survival for our species.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, Canadian High IQ Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: April 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rees-2; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Gareth Rees on Genius and Philosophy: Member, Canadian High IQ Society (2) [Online]. April 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rees-2.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, April 1). Conversation with Gareth Rees on Genius and Philosophy: Member, Canadian High IQ Society (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rees-2.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Gareth Rees on Genius and Philosophy: Member, Canadian High IQ Society (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, April. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rees-2>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Gareth Rees on Genius and Philosophy: Member, Canadian High IQ Society (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rees-2.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Gareth Rees on Genius and Philosophy: Member, Canadian High IQ Society (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (April 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rees-2.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Gareth Rees on Genius and Philosophy: Member, Canadian High IQ Society (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rees-2>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Gareth Rees on Genius and Philosophy: Member, Canadian High IQ Society (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rees-2.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Gareth Rees on Genius and Philosophy: Member, Canadian High IQ Society (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): April. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rees-2>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Gareth Rees on Genius and Philosophy: Member, Canadian High IQ Society (2) [Internet]. (2021, April 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rees-2.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on God, War, Lore, Armies, and National Motto: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Land of Fire and Ice: Islandia, Snelandia, and Insula Gardari (2)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: April 1, 2020

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,686

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Terry Gunnell is Professor of Folkloristics at the University of Iceland. He is author of The Origins of Drama in Scandinavia (1995); editor of Masks and Mumming in the Nordic Area (2007) and Legends and Landscape (2008); and joint editor of The Nordic Apocalypse: Approaches to V†luspá and Nordic Days of Judgement (with Annette Lassen, 2013); and Málarinn og menningarsköpun: Sigurður Guðmundsson og Kvöldfélagið (with Karl Aspelund), which received a nomination for the Icelandic Literature Prize (Íslensku bókmenntaverðlaunin) for 2017. He has also written a wide range of articles on Old Norse religion, Nordic folk belief and legend, folk drama and performance, and is behind the creation of the on-line Sagnagrunnur database of Icelandic folk legends in print (http://sagnagrunnur.com/en/); the national survey into Folk Belief in Iceland (2006-2007); and (with Karl Aspelund) the on-line database dealing with the Icelandic artist Sigurður Guðmundsson and the creation of national culture in Iceland in the mid-19th century (https://sigurdurmalari.hi.is/english). E-mail address: terry@hi.is. He discusses: the conception of God within Iceland; reactions to catastrophes; and the national motto.

Keywords: þetta reddast, armies, Christianity, God, Iceland, Terry Adrian Gunnell, War, World War Two.

Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on God, War, Lore, Armies, and National Motto: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (3)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted May 23, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: The one thing that stands out is God.

Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell[1],[2]: Yes.

Jacobsen: Even in a Christian context, Christians will mean different things.

Gunnell: Oh, yes.

Jacobsen: The mentioning of World War Two is important because countries that tend to go to war a lot or have war imposed on them a lot. They tend to have populations looking to something to rally around or to find some kind of comfort or consolation, or some unifying image they can build a community around in a life of chaos and destruction.

So, if you look at the developed nations, the most religious country is the United States. It is off the spectrum. It is a very war-like country. It is still embroiled in two major wars, Iraq and Afghanistan, which has claimed upwards of 500,000 to 1,000,000, or more, lives depending on the estimates.

There are many estimates. The fact that Iceland does not have army. I want to take this in two directions. On the one hand, a country without too much chaos can maintain and sustain general culture. This includes the beliefs.

The people’s ideas about Fylgjas, a Christian God, about having a sense that the land is alive, etc., will be consistent. On the other hand, things will, more or less, be the same in terms of the trajectories we’re seeing with more comfortable lives with healthcare, pharmacare, education for all or most at least.

We see a decline in formal traditional religions. Those religions with practices and beliefs connected to some kind of transcendent object of worship. So, how does not having an army affect Iceland?

When Icelanders think of “God” in a Christian context or otherwise, how are they conceiving this being?

Gunnell: [Laughing] What is particularly clear, Iceland has been living on the periphery for such a long time. First World War, Second World War, all of the European wars hardly touched Iceland at all.

Jacobsen: That’s amazing.

Gunnell: These are things that Iceland hears about, until the Second World War forces itself onto them and Britain invades Iceland. I’m still not really sure about the word “Invade” there. Yes, it was an invasion, but it wasn’t an invasion that had much affect on people except bringing a lot of money.

It was a flood of cash into the country, which had been up until that time poor. In that sense, war was a good thing for them. So, this is very deep within the Icelandic culture of not having an army. You haven’t got soldiers around all the time.

It is not part of the way that they view history. The soldier, the army, isn’t part of the way they look at the world compared to the way I do or you do. British history is war all the way through from the beginning to the end: French is; German is; American is. Canada is drawn into it wherever Britain goes.

We carry the blood of so many people with us. Iceland just doesn’t have this. It is non-existence. In a sense, to other cultures outside, they don’t really understand in the same way that I do from Britain.

People of a different colour are new. Icelanders will go abroad and stare and walk into lamp posts and say, “Look!” They are intrigued by this. Same way by Judaism and Islam. They are foreign. Nothing against it, but they find it strange.

There is this still island character, much more so than Britain. A periphery culture all the way through. So, armies, in Icelandic history, very recent with the arrival of first the Brits, and then the Americans and the American base, which forced itself onto Icelandic mentalities.

You couldn’t go abroad without going through the American base and get accepted every time you went out there. The influence on Icelandic culture of English-speaking soldiers who were coming into town and going to dances and whatever.

The Icelanders keeping black soldiers out of the base. There’s a fear. This fear of losing the pure Icelandic-ness, which is still floating around in terms of language. So, in a sense, war and armies are never part of Icelanders themselves in spite of the Sages with fighting and battles there.

You fight. You fight for your farm. You have arguments with other farmers, but you don’t have really armies. They know from the Sagas, the contemporary Sagas of the 13th centuries of the civil wars in Icelandic discourse caused trouble.

They haven’t got time for space or war. It’s about daily survival for a long time. It’s simply armies are not the way Icelanders look at things. They’re very different to the way you or I will, as Brits and Canadians. A very strong left movement against NATO, against the American base, and so on.

The right will be more open to it, but not in terms of sending your sons off to join. It brings cash with it. “Okay, come on America, we like you if you bring some money with you.” In terms of God, I think if you asked any Icelander, “Are you Christian?” They would look at you as if you were nuts.

It is a lower level somewhere. This sense about superstition of the cross and a power out there. I would expect them to answer with a power in nature. They believe strongly in a sense of fate. What came out of this, it was a Christian God, which has somehow been brought in on the side.

But the two are very separate. To being Icelandic, that causes problems at the same time. In the sense, it has caused, to a large extent, the banking crash. Icelanders were brought up with the Sagas and their poems from the early 19th century.

The Sagas will tell them when you go to another country; the first person you meet is the King of Norway. Why? You’re an Icelander. It’s quite natural. You’re a poet. You go to Norway. That’ll do nicely. Thank you!

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Gunnell: It’s the equivalent of the American Express card. You have people in the 19th century. The romantic poets saying, ‘Iceland, what has happened to your fame of the past, the golden years…,’ and whatever.

What happened with the crash, they started fulfilling the dream that they’d been presented with for a long time. You have to go out buy a football team, buy a private jet, hang out with the royalty, everybody wants you.

It was a fulfillment of the idea that Icelanders are different than others. You could watch the news and people saying, ‘How could an Icelander in a country like this could buy a football team, could buy half of the main strip of Oxford St.? Because he’s an Icelander. They are different.’

The President says, ‘It is because they are Icelandic. They take risks better more than anybody else.’ It didn’t really bring out the risks that it would have on the economy. The Star Trek idea of going where no one else goes before.

“This is an Icelander. We’re better.” It is the ‘How do like Iceland?’ thing. When I’m teaching courses on Icelandic culture, again, these two sided elements of it. It expresses, on one side, a hope that the person is going to say, “Wonderful, perfect, better than anywhere else.”

“Why is it us?” Because there is an inferiority complex behind it. That you might not be. Then the rest is saved for the football clap. Suddenly, everybody wants Iceland again. Suddenly, I am being asked by bloody English journalists, ‘Does Iceland do so well in football because of their elves?’

Come on! [Laughing] Get over it.

Jacobsen: Who asked you this?

Gunnell: This was when Iceland was winning football games and it was an English newspaper wanting to know if it was their belief in elves. Basically, they know each other. They have grown up together. It is a stronger sense of a team.

Iceland has done some amazing things in terms of the strongest man in the world and the most beautiful. But only if they aren’t putting that in front of your face all the time, being the best. It is part of the, again, island culture: ‘We’re different.’ There’s something about the DNA of Icelanders.

The crash was a matter of shame, which they never had to deal with before. Of going to different places, like islands off Greece, the first question, ‘How are you doing financially? Poor Iceland.’ They went from being the worst in the world to not being the worst in the world.

The first to get over COVID. It is to be the first or the best. But there is a very strong sense of being Icelandic. That we are a little nation that has done so much. Different to the Brits, we’re just hobbits. Icelanders aren’t really hobbits. There’s much more dwarfishness about Icelanders.

Jacobsen: At the end of the 1700s, there was the catastrophe that took out 1/5th of the population. What does this do to people’s faith in lore? Does this look as if it’s, as you’re noting, just simply a matter of fate or the fates playing out?

Gunnell: No, the sense of fate is seen in people interpreting dreams for example. That there is something laid down. You can tap into it. There is a sense that your life is mapped out, a plan behind it, a higher power.

It’s not the Christian God. There’s a higher power that’s laid down. It goes back to the Sagas very much. You die and even know your fate/meet your fate.

Jacobsen: They sound like Spinoza.

Gunnell: Yes, there’s elements of this. It is very much a Scandinavian element. You go down bravely in spite of it. Things go badly. Okay, they go badly. We’ll survive. This wonderful Icelandic motto: þetta reddast. It’ll work out. [Ed. Literal: “It’ll all work out okay.”] Things go badly.

Okay, things go badly. We’ll survive. þetta reddast, people have begun accepting it as the national motto. It’ll all work out. It is both good and bad.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland.

[2] Individual Publication Date: April 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-3; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on God, War, Lore, Armies, and National Motto: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (3)[Online].April 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-3.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, April 1). Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on God, War, Lore, Armies, and National Motto: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (3). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-3.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on God, War, Lore, Armies, and National Motto: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (3). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, April. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-3>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2020. “Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on God, War, Lore, Armies, and National Motto: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-3.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on God, War, Lore, Armies, and National Motto: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (April 2020). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-3.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2020, ‘Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on God, War, Lore, Armies, and National Motto: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (3)‘In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 24.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-3>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on God, War, Lore, Armies, and National Motto: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (3)‘In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-3.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on God, War, Lore, Armies, and National Motto: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2021):April. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-3>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on God, War, Lore, Armies, and National Motto: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (3)[Internet]. (2021, April 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-3.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

AFAW Welcomes Closure of Faith Healing Church in Uganda

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 30, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 587

Keywords: Advocacy for Alleged Witches, Africa, BBC News, COVID-19, faith clinics, faith healing, Leo Igwe, Uganda.

Witch killing: When Will Enough Be Enough in Malawi?[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

The Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW) commends the Ugandan authorities for closing down an evangelical church in Kampala where a pastor “treated” people with mental illnesses through prayer. According to a BBC report, the police in Uganda arrested the pastor and rescued many people held at the church. Nine of them were shackled to metal poles as part of the treatment process. There have been reports of similar ‘healing’ practices in NigeriaGhana and Zambia

In the quest to grow their churches and finances, many African clerics venture into faith healing.

Evangelical churches as well as Islamic centers across Africa operate faith clinics, prayer camps where they claim to provide healing services for persons with all diseases, including cancer, HIV/AIDS, and even COVID-19. In the absence of affordable health care, many Africans go to churches to get “healed” by faith. But they end up suffering abuses and further health damage.

Unfortunately, for many people across the region, faith healing places are the first port of call whenever they fall ill. In the Ugandan case, most of the persons rescued had not been to any mental hospital. The reality is that many people cannot afford the costs of evidence-based medicine or treatment, even if there are hospitals to go to.

The mental health infrastructure is inadequate. Mental health hospitals are few in the region. Some countries have mental hospitals, but they lack equipment or facilities. In cases where the facilities exist, there are no health experts to operate them. And where there are equipment and personnel, the cost of mental health services is out of reach for the local population. As the case in Uganda has shown, evangelical churches are filling the personnel and infrastructural gap in the mental health sector in ways that leave much to be desired. And local authorities must rise to their duties and responsibilities.

AFAW urges African governments to explore ways of improving evidence-based mental health care in the region. Governments should make medical services available and affordable to the local population. Without a robust public health care system that most people can access and afford, these faith clinics will continue to operate and proliferate. Governments should devise innovative ways of stopping the brain drain and address factors that make African health workers migrate to work in the West. Brain drain has created a personnel gap, which these pastors and fake healers are trying to fill.

As was the case in Uganda, the police should arrest faith healing pastors/imams and close down their churches and healing centers. Although faith clinicians seem to be filling the gaps in the health sector, they are making the health situation worse because faith healers lack the capacity and competence to deliver effective health care services. Governments should prosecute pastors, imams, or anyone who pretends to treat people with mental illness through prayers and rituals because these medical impostors are harming, not healing people.

By their training, traditional, Christian, and Islamic clerics are religious, not medical experts. They have no business with mental health work. Churches, mosques, and shrines are worship centers, not hospitals. They are not established or equipped to treat the sick. Clerics who claim to treat people with mental illness through prayer are quacks and charlatans. They pose a danger to public health. They spiritualize ailments and attribute the causes of diseases to demons and witchcraft and then subject the sick to violent exorcism and abuse. Other African countries should borrow a leaf from Uganda and rein in ‘faith doctors’ and stamp out faith-healing practices.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 30, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/afaw-welcomes-closure-of-faith-healing-church-in-uganda.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Ask Takudzwa 15 – Political Influence, Political History: Zimbabwe’s Governance Heritage

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Author: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 1.A, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 30, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: One Time Per Year

Words: 340

Keywords: Humanist Society of Zimbabwe, Lazarus Dokora, Takudzwa Mazwienduna, Zimbabwe, Zimbabwean Secular Alliance.

Ask Takudzwa 15 – Political Influence, Political History: Zimbabwe’s Governance Heritage[1],[2]

*Interview originally published November 16, 2019, in Canadian Atheist.*

Takudzwa Mazwienduna is the informal leader of Zimbabwean Secular Alliance and a Member of the Humanist Society of Zimbabwe. This educational series will explore secularism in Zimbabwe from an organizational perspectiveand more. 

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: If we examine the history of Zimbabwe, and its modern leadership, who have been bright lights of science, cosmopolitanism, and the like?

Takudzwa Mazwienduna: The former minister of Primary and Secondary education Dr. Lazarus Dokora has been the most progressive force and he has faced backlash from the ultra-religious Zimbabwean population because of it. He banned religious prayers and proselytizing from public schools. He also introduced a program that enhanced science education in schools.

Jacobsen: Has anyone identified as a humanist, freethinker, atheist, or something akin to simply rejecting the religious beliefs of the general public without accepting them?

Mazwienduna: There hasn’t been a public figure that has come out as a Humanist or Freethinker in the history of Zimbabwe. It is political suicide considering that Zimbabwe is ultra-religious.

Jacobsen: How is the inherited political legacy of past generations holding some aspects of Zimbabwe back from progress? How is this bringing Zimbabwe forward in its efforts to modernize?

Mazwienduna: Patronage is the biggest problem in that regard. Liberation war credentials are the ultimate golden ticket for Zimbabweans to benefit from the corrupt, totalitarian system. The system of patronage impacts everything to do with progress.

Jacobsen: How can the Humanist Society of Zimbabwe utilize these heritages of national governance to bolster the efforts for humanistic progress in Zimbabwe?

Mazwienduna: The Humanist Society of Zimbabwe finds itself in a tricky position in this situation. Its mission is not a priority for the totalitarian government hence unlikely to receive any genuine support. Some government ministries have been welcoming however, since they had the same goals and initiatives, such as the ministry of education under Dr. Lazarus Dokora. The government is obliged to respect secularism as the constitution dictates, but they do otherwise very often and opposing them almost always ends in death. As long as the Humanist Society of Zimbabwe stand for secularism without crossing the government or countering its interests, they are safe.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Takudzwa.

Mazwienduna: It’s always a pleasure Scott.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, In-Sight Publishing.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 30, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/ask-takudzwa-15-political-influence-political-history-zimbabwes-governance-heritage.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Witch killing: When Will Enough Be Enough in Malawi?

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 29, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 619

Keywords: Advocacy for Alleged Witches, Africa, Leo Igwe, Malawi, superstition, witch persecution.

Witch killing: When Will Enough Be Enough in Malawi?[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

Some days ago, an advocate against witch persecution in Malawi shared this report on a WhatsApp group: “Mother Killed Over Witchcraft Allegations in Karonga, Malawi“. The report says that “An angry mob in Karonga, Malawi yesterday Sunday (December 27) killed a 67-year-old woman Esinala Mbowe over witchcraft allegations that she bewitched her 37-year-old son Patrick Chitete”. I checked online and discovered that some media outlets in Malawi had published the story. The story states that Mr. Chitete was ill, and later “passed away on December 24, 2020, at Atupele Mission Hospital where he was admitted”.

According to a local police officer, some people in the village accused Mbowe of bewitching and killing the son. Following the death of the son, Mbowe’s accusers mobilized and lynched her. Police authorities in the area are conducting investigations. They are trying to apprehend the suspects. The Police have urged the general public against mob justice. There have been many cases of witch persecution and killing in Malawi. Alleged witches have been stoned to death or murdered in districts across the country including Dedza, Karonga, Ntchisi, Chitipa, Rumphi, and Dowa.

These tragic incidents follow the same pattern. Cases of illness or death are linked to persons, the alleged witches, in the communities. Mobs attack or kill these suspected witches. In some cases, alleged are heavily fined or abducted by witch hunters who detain them until they pay up. In cases where alleged witches are murdered, the police usually arrive at the scene after the mob had meted out jungle justice against the accused.

The police claim to be conducting investigations or to be looking for the suspects, who are usually at large. Witch persecution and killing happen too often in Malawi. The authorities are aware of these tragic incidents. But Malawian authorities seem to lack the political will to tackle the problem. They appear to be taking no effective measures against witchcraft allegations and witch killing. So when will Malawian authorities rise up to their duty to protect all Malawians especially the alleged witches? When will the government say: Enough is enough? When will they say: Enough of this bloodletting and show of shame?

When will Malawi take a firm stand against this savagery and barbarism? When will Malawi declare: Never again? Never again will any alleged witch be attacked, killed, or abused in the country? Malawi must take a strong stand against witch persecution otherwise these horrific abuses would not stop. For instance, there is virtually no program in place to reorient the minds of people and get Malawians to understand that witchcraft is a form of superstition.

There is no mechanism to educate and let Malawians know that witchcraft allegation is baseless, mistaken, and absurd; that witch hunters are charlatans who should be exposed and sanctioned. Now, what is stopping the government of Malawi from initiating a nationwide program to dispel witchcraft fears and anxieties? What is preventing Malawi from setting up an awareness campaign to combat superstitions and promote scientific thinking and critical inquiry?

Look, Malawians need to know that there is no link between witchcraft and illness or death as popularly believed; that witchcraft is an imaginary crime and alleged witches are innocent. Simply put, Malawians need to realize that they are lynching and stoning innocent people to death. Malawi has no reason to allow witch bloodletting to continue in the communities of this age. It is evident that the reactive approach to combating witch persecution has been ineffective; it has not worked.

So a change of approach is needed and has become necessary. Malawi must adopt proactive measures to eradicating this social disease. The government should firmly and categorically say Enough of witch killing and persecution in the country.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 29, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/witch-killing-when-will-enough-be-enough-in-malawi.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Ask Mubarak 6 – Et Tu?: Punishment by Religious Believer

 

 

 

 

 

Author: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 1.A, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 29, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 856

Keywords: Boko Haram, Mubarak Bala, Nigeria, religion, secular.

Ask Mubarak 6 – Et Tu?: Punishment by Religious Believer[1],[2]

*Interview originally published November 10, 2019, in Canadian Atheist.*

Mubarak Bala is the President of the Humanist Association of Nigeria. We will be conducting this educational series to learn more about Humanism and secularism within Nigeria. Here we talk about Humanism.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: You were punished by religious believers. How long, and in what ways? Why is this permitted by the culture in Nigeria?

Mubarak Bala: Well Scott, I was punished not just with the dumping in a psychiatric asylum, I was out a year plus, having been closeted half a decade. I was sanctioned and counselled, carrots mostly, in hope, but I also stayed, hoping to normalize relations and my secular life.

When my replies always became same, bold, blasphemous and sincere, they now sought prayer and psych analysis, this is what religion demands, after which, you have a 3-day ultimatum, die, or recant.

As I was drugged and put in that hospital, my father picked my phone and recanted, apologized and posted to the public, my reconversion back to Islam. He hoped by the time I woke up, I would be back to normal sense, back to their normal. I woke up angry.

It was 18 days, and was allowed visitation by govt. officials, clerics, family, and lawyers, all due to your action online. I thank you.

Before long, even the leader of Boko Haram has heard, and threatened me, raining curses, that this is what education entails for the northern Nigerian elite… leaving lovely Allah, an Allah so dear to both Boko Haram and northern Muslims.

This is all permitted by the culture in the north, because the region is unique, operates outside of the world system. We were never colonized, just a contact by the British mostly to our emirates as an indirect rule, they never wanted to disturb much of the system and stability built by the Usman danfodio Jihad, a century earlier, the region is too far from the coast, too vast, and too many people to rule without a possible mob action, we still are too many, a century later, the largest despondent human concentration in the world, largest uneducated, largest number of poor, largest fanatical populace, largest unemployed, this is why even today, the federal govt. has to look away, when parents, husbands, and males own their kids, and determine their lives, even in adulthood. Emirates still hold slaves. Too much conservatism. A 12-year-old will marry a 53-year-old, just as the best life is to copy the best of mankind, dare make an arrest, and Nigeria may be no more…

Jacobsen: You were punished by the state. The state endorses religion in several countries, explicitly and implicitly. How long, and in what ways? 

Bala: I was never punished by the state, the governor had a Federal ambition, so cannot be seen by southern voters as an Islamic zealot, and rightly so, they mostly see sharia as a political liability, for the poor, uneducated, which meant deep down, I relieved them.

I was however left unprotected, unhelped, forlorn, left for picking, either by mob or by poverty, I was an IDP with no friends and no help, running around from place to place. But it is my life, my land, my region, I made sure I survived, because I anticipated worse, and devised ways to survive over the closet years. I still am alive today, normalizing humanism, a thorn they hate, but unhindered.

There are only 12 states of 36 in Nigeria that implemented the Sharia in 1999-2002. Others are secular. I live in Kano (home) and Kaduna (work) and visit Abuja, (the safest), and eke out survival tactics everyday. I plan to be President someday in future. It is going well, even in the Sharia states.

Jacobsen: What were the justifications for the punishment of a nationally leading humanist with some international renowned?

Bala: If I had died, by family punishment, a committee may be set up, paper work and money would pass around, and no one would go to jail, none may die.

If sharia had acted on me, I will still be tried shoddy, though the clerics would spew it just so the mob behead me lawless, in court, or in police custody, or in prison, it has happened before.

If the mob did it, no one would be arrested, politicians would only make noise, you from far away Saner Climes, would write, fuss, blog, spew and haggle, but I will stay dead, life will go on, and I am not even a Khashoggi, so I would be forgotten far sooner.

If poverty had killed me, it is only natural they’d say, but is it? When friends left, family absconded, help ceased, I went hungry alone in my room, licking dry pepper, sugar and water, just to balance the electrolytes in the blood, no one knew… I would even post funny jokes on facebook… Those were hard times, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016, with some respite time to time, with help from Saner Climes, individual and Organizations… I thank all.

I am very comfortable now, with a job and contingency plan. But the government did not help. I was mostly alone, still mostly alone, the internet is my lifeline, my small zoo gives me happiness, and made a few friends here and there. Times have changed.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Mubarak.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, In-Sight Publishing.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 29, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/ask-mubarak-6-et-tu-punishment-by-religious-believer.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Ask Takudzwa 14 – Soft Spots in Legislation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Author: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 1.A, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 29, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: One Time Per Year

Words: 307

Keywords: Canada, churches, Humanist Society of Zimbabwe, Takudzwa Mazwienduna, Zimbabwe, Zimbabwean Secular Alliance.

Ask Takudzwa 14 – Soft Spots in Legislation[1],[2]

*Interview originally published November 11, 2019, in Canadian Atheist.*

Takudzwa Mazwienduna is the informal leader of Zimbabwean Secular Alliance and a Member of the Humanist Society of Zimbabwe. This educational series will explore secularism in Zimbabwe from an organizational perspectiveand more. 

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: If we look at a Canadian context, one soft spot is the possibility for removal of the tax exemptions for churches or the creation of a single, secular, and public school system for all children and adolescents.

Roman Catholic Christians acquire privileges in society through public taxpayer monies due to the dominance of the faith at the foundation of Canada. Any comparable cases with Zimbabwe?

Takudzwa Mazwienduna: Such cases in Zimbabwe have been dealt with, the government is very secular and as from 2015, churches were taxed. Taxing churches has however posed a threat to secularism because they have now acquired a legal voice in political issues as taxpayers.

Jacobsen: Any possible starting points for these efforts? Any radical ideas or notions from not just the leadership but the membership of the Humanist Society of Zimbabwe?

Mazwienduna: We have raised our concerns when we have seen something like that happening and the government knows better than to repeat the same mistakes. Current threats to secularism from the political establishment are nothing more than stunts to get votes or scapegoat the government’s incompetence, corruption and violence, such as the recent National Prayer against sanctions.

Jacobsen: Could there be risks of violent reprisal on the part of the religious against the humanists and the secularists?

Mazwienduna: The religious stunts by the government are something we could speak against, if it was not for the fear of violence. We know just as well as everyone that religion is not at the core of the issues, rather political scapegoating. The government has a record for abductions of activists or opponents that contest them on any issue. The religious stunts are clearly not to endorse Christianity however, but an advancement of government propaganda.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Takudzwa.

Mazwienduna: It’s always a pleasure Scott.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, In-Sight Publishing.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 29, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/ask-takudzwa-14-soft-spots-in-legislation.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Ask Mubarak 5 – African Freethought

 

 

 

 

 

Author: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 1.A, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 28, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 878

Keywords: Africa, Amadioha, freethought, Hausa, Humanism, Kwarankwatsa, Mubarak Bala, religion, Sango, Yoruba.

Ask Mubarak 5 – African Freethought[1],[2]

*Interview originally published November 5, 2019, in Canadian Atheist.*

Mubarak Bala is the President of the Humanist Association of Nigeria. We will be conducting this educational series to learn more about Humanism and secularism within Nigeria. Here we talk about Humanism.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: What defines African freethought?

Mubarak Bala: Africa, the cradle of homo sapiens species, and one of the earliest of civilizations, along major rivers and valleys sparring the continent, allowed for the development of humanity from the crudest hunter gatherer families, to settled agricultural communities, which naturally, inquired about how we came about.

This is interesting because, back then, pre-organized religion, priests were not yet ordained, and so, every family, community and civilizations, divided by contours, watersheds, hills and forests, developed their own unique stories that best explained the world to them, and passed it down through generations.

It may interest the reader to know, that these wide variety of free inquiry, free guesses and unhindered thought patterns, aided the development of languages, tribal and cultural diversity, as well as provided later generations a way of tapping into the experiences and lessons learnt over thousands of years, which still manifests today beyond the continent.

Physically, the African thought process, grew from storytelling, to legend, mythology, mysticism, magic, spirituality and nature worship, which best fits the people and the threats they faced at any particular time.

Do not be surprised, Thunder, scared and rattled the primitive man, which then created many myths around it, becoming one of the main pillars of their belief, Sango in West Africa among the Yoruba, Amadioha, among the Ibos, Kwarankwatsa, among the Hausa, are all thunder and associated mythology of lasting impact on the psyche of people to this day. Thor has cousins you know.

So, thunder, rivers, fire, rains, fertility, organs of fertility, death, air, animals, disease, and strange looking residual mountains, all became part of the deified nature, to which Africans found meaning and purpose, and the will to inquire more, then came Jesus on a Chariot from the sky, and Muhammad on a flying winged pegasus, and everything turned upside down…

Without the freedom to think and inquire, since everything became blasphemy, heresy or apostasy, Africa lost its roots, lost its pandora-tree of sapping information from ancestor avatar, and became zombified by religions and modes of thinking of mostly, singular phased brains whose source of information was mostly dreams and whims.

Without such intervention, African free inquiry might have led the continent, into a more nature-friendly, sustainable, and better economic and social diversity, with enough resources to also tame the natural environment, and shape their destiny, not losing a single child or gold to ships sailing to far worlds…

Jacobsen: How can Africans remove colonial baggage and traditionalist superstition to emancipate both mind and body for themselves?

Bala: Luckily, the same colonial conquests that destroyed African superstition for Abrahamic superstition, also came along with science and education, albeit with adulterated means and methods of dissemination of such, as well as disregard for diversity and history, so education became premium.

These unforseen circumstances, gave the continent a chance to reawaken and start over and pick up the pieces. Although many societies still lag behind others in the pace of rational awakening, the internet is doing wonders among the youth, unconventionally.

African youth have now set the tone that even political leaders, hardly ever stand on the way, talk less of trying to regulate the massive reawakening of the populace, effectively exposing lying pastors, abusive priests, murderous turbans, and purging poisonous texts away from curricula, imported to create as many minions as possible for desert perverts.

Africa is now being put back on track, not by the governments and the incompetent politicians, but by rational voices bypassing the conventional media, to set the tone, and set the agenda, for rational and empirically viable discourse that spills over to even beyond the continent. The next generation, I assure you, would not be as hopeless as this one, nor as wretched as the past few!

Jacobsen: How can humanism provide a language and tradition for this?

Bala: Humanism, inculcated in not just children, but all free rational minds, have the power to turn around the continent, from mostly slumbering old giants ruddering the people to a clueless oblivion, back into the path for cohesion, freedom, compassion, education, free-inquiry, freethought, as well as sure footed political, social, economic, and sustainable, stable today and tomorrow.

Education is the key. Tolerance is the mechanism. Communication is the baton. Internet is the power.

Good news everyday so far, amid the appalling bad news. Nigerian government promising to lift 5m out of extreme poverty in 10 years. Also promising to put 10m children in school in 5 years. Also breaking 100s of chains from legs of adults and minors incarcerated in slavery, in Islamic torture centres in north Nigeria. Same government merging uniquely taught religious subjects to pupils in schools, into one course, which sees Islam and Christianity as well as a sprinkle of other paganisms into one course for all, does all the good we could hope for… Teach all the religions at once to kids or none at all, this would neutralize the radicalization and general delusion by growing minds, we always suggested, a decade into an endless war with terrorists and tribal hate.

We advocated all these and pressured the government to act, and yes, they did, and promise much, much more. There is hope!

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Mubarak.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, In-Sight Publishing.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 28, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/ask-mubarak-5-african-freethought.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Ask Takudzwa 13 – Pump Up the Volume: Dealing with the Media

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Author: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 1.A, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 28, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: One Time Per Year

Words: 405

Keywords: Christianity, Humanist Society of Zimbabwe, London Missionary Society, Sunday Mail, Takudzwa Mazwienduna, Zimbabwe, Zimbabwean Secular Alliance.

Ask Takudzwa 13 – Pump Up the Volume: Dealing with the Media[1],[2]

Takudzwa Mazwienduna is the informal leader of Zimbabwean Secular Alliance and a Member of the Humanist Society of Zimbabwe. This educational series will explore secularism in Zimbabwe from an organizational perspectiveand more. 

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: When you’re writing to these newspapers, what is their attitude or orientation?

Takudzwa Mazwienduna: The newspapers are usually indifferent to our plight. They are obliged to include us as national newspapers in the name of diversity because they get religious contributions too.

Jacobsen: What are the acceptance rate of articles and press releases submitted for distribution to these newspaper and media services for secular and freethought – humanist – content in Zimbabwe?

Mazwienduna: The Sunday Mail is Zimbabwe’s biggest Sunday newspaper, and Shingai Rukwata Ndoro has had a column for Humanist and secularist issues entitled Chiseling The Debris since 2014. It has gained a committed audience over the years.

Jacobsen: What have been the main messages other than “we’re here, we’re near, get used to it”?

Mazwienduna: We have helped in sensitizing the public to get up on speed with secular policies, raised our concerns over violations of secularism by government officials and the response was generally positive.

Jacobsen: Why do they portray the community of humanists as Satanists?

Mazwienduna: The nature of Christianity in Zimbabwe is totalitarian amongst the public. You are either for God or for Satan, a rigid belief that was established during colonial times by the London Missionary Society. I always ask people who accuse me of Satanism if they believe in Horus, and if they worship Seth because they don’t.

Jacobsen: When the community grows, or as the community develops, would an internal survey of demographics and attitudes help guide 5-year plans?

Mazwienduna: The nature of Christianity in Zimbabwe is totalitarian amongst the public. You are either for God or for Satan, a rigid belief that was established during colonial times by the London Missionary Society. I always ask people who accuse me of Satanism if they believe in Horus, and if they worship Seth because they don’t.

Jacobsen: How can technology be a means by which to self-publish content? Young Humanists International has a platform called Humanist Voices if they would like to contact me: Scott.D.Jacobsen@Gmail.Com. I am more than happy to publish and polish their content.

Mazwienduna: Internet is not as widespread as it is in South Africa or other well off countries in Zimbabwe. People seldom read online publications and the majority of the population lives in rural areas where they don’t even have electricity. National newspapers and radio have been the main platforms for us.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Takudzwa.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, In-Sight Publishing.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 28, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/ask-takudzwa-13-pump-up-the-volume-dealing-with-the-media.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Combating Witch Persecution in Africa: Looking Ahead to 2021

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 28, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,255

Keywords: 2021, Advocacy for Alleged Witches, Africa, Leo Igwe, superstition, witch persecution.

Combating Witch Persecution in Africa: Looking Ahead to 2021[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

Although the coronavirus pandemic dealt a heavy blow to global public health and economy, this year has seen some positive developments, and some signs of hope for humanity and pointers to a better future. One of such developments is the launching of an advocacy campaign against witch persecution on the continent of Africa. Witchcraft allegations constitute a form of death sentence for the accused in the region. And this should not be the case because witchcraft is a form of superstition. Since January, the Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW) has been working to fill in the gaps in activism against witchcraft allegations in the region. Witchcraft belief has been associated with the African continent for too long. Western anthropologists designate witchcraft as the gatekeeping concept for Africa, which is the frame to study and understand Africa including African thought and culture. This designation is no longer helpful if it ever was and it is time that the concept was discarded.

While there have been reports of egregious abuses linked to witch persecution in Africa, very little is being done to eradicate this social menace. Local and international programs to combat witch persecution leave much to be desired on all fronts. Western NGOs dominate and drive efforts to end witch persecution in the region. Unfortunately, many of these NGOs have some hidden agenda that is incompatible with dispelling witchcraft fears and anxieties in the region. In the name of what they call “respect for African religious and cultural beliefs”, these organizations have betrayed the cause of ending witch persecution in Africa because these organizations cannot call African witchcraft by its name: superstition. So these Western NGOs organize wishy-washy programs that paper over the problem of witchcraft allegations. 

Look, to end witch persecution in Africa, the region needs robust and effective campaign programs with a clear and categorical position against witchcraft imputation and witch-hunting. Africa needs NGOs that operate without double standards, organizations that are genuinely committed to eradicating this dark and destructive phenomenon without reservations.

In its Decade of Activism 2020-2030, AFAW outlined a vision to end abuses linked to witchcraft allegations in 2030. It aims to realize a critical mass of advocates against witch persecution in all African countries. AFAW proposed an expiry date for witchcraft imputation in the region to ensure that witch persecution is approached with the urgency that it deserves. Expectedly, this Decade of Action has elicited mixed reactions. Some people think that the target is unrealistic and cannot be achieved given the enormity of the problem. These persons welcomed the vision to end witch persecution by 2030 but wondered where AFAW would get the resources to achieve this objective. Others were of the notion that the target of 2030 was realizable and that ending witch persecution in Africa was long overdue. British scientist and humanist, Richard Dawkins tweeted saying that we should not wait that long to end this violent and horrific abuse.

Since January, AFAW has hit the ground running. Despite the restrictions occasioned by the global pandemic, the campaign has made progress on various fronts. AFAW has been visible in local and international media. it has used reports and articles, press releases, and statements to challenge the narratives of witchcraft. Witchcraft belief persists in Africa because witchcraft narratives are seldom questioned or critically examined. AFAW exists to change this culture of dogma and blind faith. AFAW’s declaration that witchcraft was a myth and a form of superstition was widely reported in the media. Media outlets found the declaration newsworthy because the predominant notion was that witchcraft was real and witches existed. In churches and mosques, schools, colleges and universities, over the radio and television, on print and electronic media, Africans are taught that witches and other demonic and occult forces are facts, not fantasies. Many of those who promote these narratives are priests, pastors, and mallams, quasi clerics and spiritualists who claim to speak in the name of the traditional, Christian, or Islamic God. The largely unchallenged dubious views of these godmen and women are reported in the media. And they reinforce witchcraft beliefs and fears in the minds of the people. AFAW has been critical of the preaching and questionable claims of witch-hunting clerics. AFAW has challenged witch-hunting pastors who claimed that they healed or could heal Covid-19 patients. The skeptical challenge generated debates and discussions on social media for weeks. AFAW will continue to use its media statements to educate and enlighten, and to persuade Africans to question and critically examine witchcraft ideas.

In the past one year, AFAW has intervened in several cases of witch persecution. It has rescued and helped relocate accused persons. AFAW continues to support child victims while urging the police and other state authorities to arrest and prosecute suspected witch hunters. Beyond Nigeria, AFAW has petitioned the police and other state authorities in Kenya, Zambia, Ghana, Malawi, and Liberia urging them to take action against witch killers and witch-finders. Unfortunately, 2020 has been marked by tragic incidents linked to witchcraft beliefs. Alleged witches have lynched and stoned to death in various African countries. In Ghana, a local mob set an alleged Akua Denteh ablaze.  In Nigeria, some witch hunters including a local politician lynched 15 persons suspected of witchcraft in Boki, Cross River state. Mobs burnt alleged witches in the Kisii region in Kenya and stoned them to death in Dedza, Malawi. In fact the list of victims goes on. That these horrific incidents continue to happen in this 21st century is a cause for concern and more cogent actions. Proactive measures are urgently needed locally and globally to address this problem.

Looking ahead to 2021, AFAW will continue the public education and enlightenment of the African public. It will continue to pressure state authorities to take necessary measures to dispel witchcraft fears and anxieties. AFAW will work to end impunity for crimes linked to witchcraft beliefs and ensure that witch-killers and witch hunters are brought to justice. The internet has helped in getting advocates to alert AFAW of cases of witch persecution in the region. AFAW will liaise with its partners, families of victims, community leaders across the region to ensure a rapid response to any instance of witch persecution. It will strive to extend support to the victims, educate and enlighten witchcraft accusers and believers. Witch persecution happens more often in rural communities where there is a limited presence of state institutions and services. 

AFAW will work with all affected communities to specifically address the root causes and drivers of witchcraft allegations. AFAW is aware of some complex underlying drivers of witch-hunting in the region. In A Short Textbook of Preventive Medicine for the Tropics, Lucas and Gilles(1982) noted some development features in African countries: “Limited central organization of services, scattered populations living in small self-contained units, low level of economic development, limited educational facilities, and inadequate control of common agents of diseases”. They noted that “Some of these communities are still held tightly in the vicious circle of ignorance, poverty, and disease”. 

Unfortunately these observed features of the African society of the 70s and 80s apply to Africa today. One must add superstition to that circle because ignorance, poverty, and disease provide a subsoil for the proliferation of irrational fears and anxieties. As AFAW’s Decade of Activism enters its second year, the movement will press ahead with its vision and mission. It will draw attention of global, regional, and local institutions to this vicious circle and other dire socio-economic situations and stressful conditions that breed witch persecution and killing.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 28, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/combating-witch-persecution-in-africa-looking-ahead-to-2021.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

No Safe Place for Alleged Witches in the Central African Republic

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 26, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 966

Keywords: alleged witches, Central African Republic, Leo Igwe, superstition, witches.

No Safe Place for Alleged Witches in the Central African Republic[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

An Al Jazeera report has revealed the dangers that alleged witches face in the Central African Republic. But is that really news? Not at all. CAR is one of those African countries where witch persecution is pervasive. There have been several reports and studies of how this country of 4.6 million people has grappled with the destructive phenomenon since independence. This report is replete with many gaps and misleading insights.

The report links witch persecution to social disintegration occasioned by a brutal civil war in the country. That is a valid point, isn’t it? But if one may ask: Was CAR socially integrated before the war? CAR did not have a socially robust system before the conflict, did it? So one needs to take a critical look at a report that draws a connection between witch persecution and the conflict in the CAR. No doubt, the war has destroyed institutions that could have been used to protect and defend elderly persons especially women. Thus there are no effective mechanisms to guarantee the safety of this vulnerable population. So the report concludes that alleged witches are attacked and killed with impunity in the CAR. Now, since witchcraft allegations and witch persecution predate the civil war on the CAR, it is pertinent to look beyond the conflict for a more persuasive explanation of the manifestation of witch persecution in contemporary CAR. Some of the factors linked to the war had been there before the war- a dearth of medical personnel, poor health infrastructure, witch finding chiefs, etc. The war could only have exacerbated the social conditions and made the target population more vulnerable. Now let us look at the issues raised in the report.

Sentence Without Appeal

The report quoted the president of the female lawyers association in the CAR, Nadia Carine Fornel Poutou who said that the existing law was unhelpful in resolving witchcraft matters. State laws in the CAR do not recognize mystical matters so state authorities cannot intervene in witchcraft issues. But this is nonsense. Must state laws acknowledge the reality of witchcraft before it can effectively tackle related crimes? This often-repeated proposition in African witchcraft literature is sterile and misguided. It has been advanced to give witch persecution as in the case of the CAR a free pass and to exoticize African witchcraft. State authorities should be pressured to enforce the law and tackle witch persecution. There is an ample provision under the law for the prosecution and punishment of those who make false allegations or those who take laws into their hands by attacking or killing alleged witches. Criminals should not be excused or exonerated on the ground that the state law does not deal with mystical issues as the report suggests. State laws deal with murder, assault, and abduction. Don’t they? In cases where the state authorities are failing in their duties, measures must be taken to compel state actors to fulfill their responsibility to protect citizens.

Unsafe At Home and In Prison

The report notes that death is inescapable for alleged witches in the CAR. Alleged witches could be killed by the mob. They also suffer death while locked up in their homes or in prison. Alleged witches have to choose between self-imprisonment at a family house or voluntary state imprisonment.

While imprisoned at home, they seldom venture outside because they could be attacked or killed. But family imprisonment is effective in situations where some family members support the accused. Otherwise alleged witches flee to the state prisons. Even in public prisons, alleged witches are not safe. As the report says, they could also be attacked and killed by witch believing prison guards or other prisoners.

In linking witch persecution to the conflict, the report states that thousands of persons who have been traumatized by the war are prone to be accused of witchcraft. But there is an oversight in drawing this connection. The report ignores the state of mind of the accusers. It overlooks the fact that those traumatized by the conflict are likely to indulge in witchcraft allegations. Trauma engenders irrational fears and anxieties. Witchcraft allegations originate from the accusers, not the accused, and should be explained in relation to the mental state of the accusers, not the accused. So it is the imputers of witchcraft who need psychiatric attention and care. Incidentally, the report rehashes the mistaken position of some western anthropologists who explain the manifestation of witchcraft allegations in relation to the state of mind of the accused. The field of African witchcraft is in need of an analytical shift. This shift in focus from the accused to the accusers is vital in properly situating witchcraft allegations and in understanding the precarious state of alleged witches in the region. 

The Advocacy for Alleged Witches urges the authorities in the CAR to take administrative and legislative measures to combat witch persecution in the country. Given the pervasiveness of witchcraft-related abuse, CAR needs to declare witch persecution a humanitarian emergency because witchcraft allegation poses a serious threat to the life, health, safety, security, and well being of the citizens. CAR should prosecute a national awareness program to educate and reorient witchcraft believers and accusers in the country. The people of the CAR need to realize that witchcraft is superstition and that alleged witches are innocent. State authorities and community leaders should cooperate in dispelling witchcraft fears and anxieties. The practice of witch-hunting – witch trial and forced confession- should stop. Local chiefs should use their positions to educate and enlighten the people in their various communities. They should stop the practice of using potions to establish the guilt of occult harm or to coerce alleged witches to confess. CAR should get its citizens to abandon the belief in witchcraft and other superstitions and embrace science, reason, and critical thinking.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 26, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/no-safe-place-for-alleged-witches-in-the-central-african-republic.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Old Norse Religion and Christianity, Women’s Changing Roles Over Time, and Fylgja and Folkloristics: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Land of Fire and Ice: Islandia, Snelandia, and Insula Gardari (2)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 22, 2020

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,654

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Terry Gunnell is Professor of Folkloristics at the University of Iceland. He is author of The Origins of Drama in Scandinavia (1995); editor of Masks and Mumming in the Nordic Area (2007) and Legends and Landscape (2008); and joint editor of The Nordic Apocalypse: Approaches to V†luspá and Nordic Days of Judgement (with Annette Lassen, 2013); and Málarinn og menningarsköpun: Sigurður Guðmundsson og Kvöldfélagið (with Karl Aspelund), which received a nomination for the Icelandic Literature Prize (Íslensku bókmenntaverðlaunin) for 2017. He has also written a wide range of articles on Old Norse religion, Nordic folk belief and legend, folk drama and performance, and is behind the creation of the on-line Sagnagrunnur database of Icelandic folk legends in print (http://sagnagrunnur.com/en/); the national survey into Folk Belief in Iceland (2006-2007); and (with Karl Aspelund) the on-line database dealing with the Icelandic artist Sigurður Guðmundsson and the creation of national culture in Iceland in the mid-19th century (https://sigurdurmalari.hi.is/english). E-mail address: terry@hi.is. He discusses: the political context in the early 1900s; when “Christianity comes along; the influence of religion in Iceland now; claimed Christian belief mixing with the worship of the land; a fylgja or a following spirit; and professional folklorist.

Keywords: Christianity, Folkloristics, Fylgja, God, Iceland, Old Norse Religion, Pietist Church, Terry Adrian Gunnell, University of Iceland.

Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Old Norse Religion and Christianity, Women’s Changing Roles Over Time, and Fylgja and Folkloristics: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (2)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted May 23, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: What about the political context in the early 1900s with famous writers like Laxness, Halldór Laxness? One individual described some of his writings as a way of giving a tip of the hat to women’s movements in Iceland before there were formal movements, and movements in other parts of the world.

He described them as the ‘big mommas.’ They managed the resources, the young, the finances of the household. Some spheres, not all, at least prominent ones, were dominated by women in the family and in the community.

Was there an adaptation of the lore around this time too? Or were these folklore notions a relatively consistent one regardless of relatively rapid – historically speaking – dynamic changes in either gender relations in the culture, economic situations or technology situations in the culture that can have impacts in the home and in the community?

Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell[1],[2]: It is going to be a long answer too. We need to start off with going back to the Viking Period and going back to Germanic tribes. It is very, very clear that religion was in the hands of women. You had some very powerful goddesses.

I got a sense myself when teaching old Norse religions that even the year was divided into male and female. It was a Winter more associated with women and Summer more associated with men, war, and trading.

Certainly, when we look back at that period, women are much stronger, in a sense, before Christianity comes along. The old Norse religion, certainly, has much more respect for independent women. You see that much reflected in the Sagas. You do not mess with these Saga women.

They give back as much as they are given. Very famous figures in the favourite Sagas, they are being read about on the farms and everyone is very well aware of them. At the same time, in the division of labour, women control the farm.

This is partly why I am talking about the division of the year. Summertime, you’re out working, travelling, and out on the fields. Winter, you move to the farm. Women keep the keys to the farm. They are in charge of the slaves of the farm. They are the bosses in the Wintertime.

There is a strong sense of equality right the way through. Gradually, Christianity raises the idea, priests certainly, of men doing the governing. It is the idea of men going out doing the fighting and the travelling; women are out in the farm, but not in a derogatory sense.

They’re very powerful is what I am trying to underline there. As we start, in a sense, moving through time, people are still reading these Sagas right from the beginning. They’re still coming into contact with these strong women.

Men are, certainly, as in other countries beginning to take over governance, law, and this sort of thing. At the same time, Iceland does become one of the first places where women get the vote. This is happening quite early.

There is this strong sense of women demanding equality. I am trying to think of other places giving that same sense. Iceland and Scandinavia are not the same areas. A lot of similarity of equality running across Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, which is somewhat different from other countries.

Women getting the vote is much earlier than in many countries. It is similar to Scandinavia. As we start moving towards women’s rights, that’s developing quite strongly among Suffragettes n whatever else in Britain. From getting the vote within the city and within the countryside, we have a sense of women demanding equality.

There was the Red Sock movement in the 1960s. It’s not new that Icelanders should be doing this. That’s what I am saying. It’s part of the culture. Certainly, they are held behind other countries in Parliament. They can’t become priests, can’t become sheriffs, and are held more to the farm.

But the respect for the female gender is much higher here than in many other countries. But it also the same in Scandinavia. That provides a foundation for what happens within the 60s, in my mind. I’m glad, at least.

This was a good place to have daughters. We have two daughters who are now in their 30s. I don’t think either of them has grown up thinking they’re lesser to men, which is a good thing in my mind. There’s more equality in wages and jobs than in many other countries. But I think this is a very Scandinavian thing, when it comes down to it.

Jacobsen: You have mentioned the phrase when “Christianity comes along.” What was the sect of Christianity? What is its impact on the present?

Gunnell: We’re going to have two levels. One of them is the slaves who come to Iceland from Ireland and those who have had contact with Irish Christianity. That is brought to Iceland at an underground level.

Certainly, many of the settlers say they are Christian, which is Irish Christianity. A missionary movement comes from Norway and from Norway back to Hamburg-Bremen. That, when it comes to Iceland, led by the Norwegian king; they tried to wipe out the Irish connection and act as if Christianity had never been here.

They tried to pass around the idea that Christianity was wiped out. It wasn’t. It was German Christianity. Britain has less influence here than in Norway, for instance, at that time. It brings in the idea of women had been beginning to lose their position that they had in the old Norse religion.

Men are beginning to take over both religion and politics. This is really the final nail in the coffin as Christianity moves in. You get the idea of the Virgin Mary, for example, versus Freya who will go out and sleep with whoever she wants…

Jacobsen: …[Laughing]…

Gunnell: … who won’t be pushed around by anybody. A very different image of women to the Virgin Mary or Mary the Mother. They’ve been given very new models. The previous model was Valkyries and women on horseback in armour giving back as much as they get.

The idea of the warrior women that you see in the Viking series. It is definitely there. Christianity formally puts an end to that and starts instituting things like women regarded as dirty for four days after giving birth, and having to be locked away, which I’m sure they didn’t know when they first accepted it.

There you go [Laughing]. Catholic, of course, and Protestant come in the late 1500s, early 1600s. There’s more in Iceland, seems to have been more freedom, within Catholic beliefs than there was in the Lutheran beliefs that were brought in.

Jacobsen: What is the influence of religion in Iceland now?

Gunnell: Fading fast, as it is in so many other countries, partly because of the various scandals connected to the Church, you have a number of scandals that have rocked the Church here in the last couple of years.

If you talk about religion, Iceland is different than the other Scandinavian countries. We did a survey of folk beliefs in 2007, 2008. There had been one done earlier in 1970. I was sure things would change radically by that time.

I was tired of people asking about elves based on surveys. We did a national survey with about 1,000 people in 2007/2008. We asked, as part of that, “Do you believe in a God?” I was proved wrong with it. I expected, given a range of questions, differently.

A large number of people said they believed in a God and a good God that you can pray to, which meant that we were dealing with a Christian God here. It was really weird because Icelanders don’t go to church and have no sense of the Bible.

I was teaching a course and doing an oral exam about a piece of literature in which someone was carried across a stage, hanging from a piece of wood, were bleeding from their hands and their side. Who was this character?

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Gunnell: They don’t go to church except once or twice a year, maybe, for Confirmation, which, again, they’ve got no idea about. As a friend of mine who is a son of a bishop and a teacher within the theology department, they say people in Iceland are Christian in spite of the Church.

In a sense, their Christianity doesn’t come from the Church. It comes from the parents. I use the word “superstition.” They think the cross is protective. You find them putting up crosses. You find them putting up icons. You find parents encouraging children to pray.

It is a childish belief rather than anything to do with the Church. It is about the figures. They are probably changing now. At heart, it was something as high as you find in the Catholic countries and the fundamentalist areas of the Stats. 70% of Icelanders would say they are believers in the Christian God.

At the same time, what is fun, it may have changed a little bit. If you ask them in European values surveys:

“Do you believe in God?”

“Yes.”

“Do you believe in the Devil?”

“No.”

“Do you believe in Heaven?”

“Yes.”

“Do you believe in Hell?”

“No.”

“Do you believe in sin?”

“Yes.”

Ha! Which means, basically, if you sin, you go straight to Heaven, which explains the banking crash when it comes into it. The Devil seems to have come to more belief since the banking crash, according to figures. But, again, this says something about the idea that everyone will go to Heaven, whatever they do.

It is a different Christian belief. It is very interesting. It needs to be looked into in more detail.

Jacobsen: It sounds like an inchoate, incoherent set of vague beliefs, where, in Daniel Dennett’s terms, it is “believing in belief.”

Gunnell: It is a superstition in a positive sense. In the same sense, we walk around ladders. When I use the word “superstition,” I don’t mean it in a negative sense. I mean it as a form of protection.

But it partly because the Church, in recent years, hasn’t forced itself on people as you get in some areas of Scandinavia. The Pietist Church worked on wiping out old folklore banned it. Here, the priests were not that Christian.

You didn’t have much choice if you were educated. People became priests. Everyone knew about elves. They weren’t really against these beliefs. It has been more open to spiritualism when the theology departments opened here. It is different. It makes Iceland different than other countries.

Jacobsen: How is this claimed Christian belief mixing with the worship of the land, in a sense, and some of the folklore that goes back many, many centuries like the Sagas?

Gunnell: What was interesting about the survey, all of the strongest beliefs in the survey were not the hidden people (Huldufólk), the elves. That’s only about 10% who say that they strongly believe and 10%/15% who say they don’t believe. Everybody else is in the middle, open to it.

Stronger things like belief in dreams, belief in spirits, belief in telepathy, these are quite deeply rooted and go back to Saba times. They don’t believe in Dobby the house-elf from Rowling. They don’t believe in UFOs. If you bump into one, you’re drunk.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Gunnell: [Laughing]. It is not a deep belief. But the things that are believed go back a long way. The idea of having a fylgja when you’re born, the following spirit. They all go back to the Saga times. In a sense, they have been passed on by the reading and telling of the Sagas. These are literal cultures.

Jacobsen: What is a fylgja or the following spirit?

Gunnell: It is the idea that when you’re born; there’s a spirit born with you. It follows you around. A little bit like the Golden Compass books, where everyone has a little animal that follows them.

The oldest version in Scandinavia was an animal. When Christianity came, it was an angel. This idea that you hear a door go five minutes before somebody arrives. That’s the Fylgja coming. Or you think about them all of a sudden.

That is very old. You don’t find it in Gaelic belief as much as you find it here. You do find it in the Sagas. People have a sense. That there is a spirit with you, alongside you, can, sometimes, be a part of you, but, certainly, accompanies you.

Jacobsen: As a professional folklorist, what are some aspects of Icelandic folklore that you do not find in any other culture? Not things necessarily quintessentially Icelandic, but you never find them anywhere else.

Gunnell: First of all, I never learned folkloristics. I just researched and studied it. I never called myself a folklorist. What is different in Iceland compared to other countries, what I try to tell other people, if you go o Western Ireland, you will find similar ideas still alive.

Because there, as in Iceland, the move from an almost medieval world to the one that we have now, a modern, up-to-date, online culture happened in the Second World War, the rural culture, suddenly, because the urban culture.

So, memories of these old ideas are still around with parents and grandparents. Kids are still in contact with this rural, early way of thinking. What makes Iceland different, the fylgja idea is different from Ireland.

At least, the elf idea is very similar to Ireland, but you don’t find it anymore in Britain or Scandinavia anymore in the same way. At the same time, I say to journalists who are coming here. It says more about them than about anything else, about their longing for the fairy tale world that they grew up in, which is reflected in Thrones and Lord of the Rings.

This fantasy literature world, a place where people actually believed in these things. They don’t really understand how the belief is; it is a sense that the landscape is alive. It’s not that Icelanders are out there dancing around rocks with little guys with pointy ears and ballet tutus every Friday night, which is partly what they’re expecting.

It’s not like that. It is a sense of respect for the landscape. That was, certainly, in Scandinavia up until the 40s, 50s, and in Britain until the First World War. It is still alive here. How different it was to Scandinavia, in the past, as I say, Iceland is different from the rest of Scandinavia due to the mix of the Irish and the Scottish.

It is a blend. But it is Nordic as a culture. So, I don’t know if there’s anything hugely different, if Icelanders are that special when it comes down to it in terms of beliefs. On the other hand, what I said about the belief in God, that is very different to anything I’ve seen anywhere else.

One other aspect that is true too, which I haven’t seen anywhere else. You name your children after a dream. I don’t know where that came from. There are a few scraps in Norway during the Saga time.

Your wife is pregnant and dreams of somebody who says, “Let me stay.” Then she names her child after that person. You speak to a group of Icelanders. A large number of them will tell you stories of that kind.

You don’t go against it because there is a fierce, “What will happen to your child if you don’t?” One of our children is named in that way. The landscape is different too. It is a volcanic landscape, which speaks to you through the sounds of the hot springs and the grinding of the glaciers.

People are aware that a volcano could go off by the airport and cut Reykjavik off, at any moment [Laughing].

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland.

[2]Individual Publication Date: March 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-2; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Old Norse Religion and Christianity, Women’s Changing Roles Over Time, and Fylgja and Folkloristics: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (2)[Online].March 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-2.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2020, March 22). Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Old Norse Religion and Christianity, Women’s Changing Roles Over Time, and Fylgja and Folkloristics: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-2.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Old Norse Religion and Christianity, Women’s Changing Roles Over Time, and Fylgja and Folkloristics: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-2>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2020. “Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Old Norse Religion and Christianity, Women’s Changing Roles Over Time, and Fylgja and Folkloristics: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-2.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Old Norse Religion and Christianity, Women’s Changing Roles Over Time, and Fylgja and Folkloristics: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (March 2020). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-2.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2020, ‘Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Old Norse Religion and Christianity, Women’s Changing Roles Over Time, and Fylgja and Folkloristics: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (2)‘In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 24.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-2>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2020, ‘Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Old Norse Religion and Christianity, Women’s Changing Roles Over Time, and Fylgja and Folkloristics: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (2)‘In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-2.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Old Norse Religion and Christianity, Women’s Changing Roles Over Time, and Fylgja and Folkloristics: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2020):March. 2020. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-2>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Old Norse Religion and Christianity, Women’s Changing Roles Over Time, and Fylgja and Folkloristics: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (2)[Internet]. (2020, March 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-2.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright  © Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 2012-2020. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees co-copyright their interview material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Democratic Participation, Colonialism, and Former President Donald J. Trump: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,181

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Ricardo Rosselló Nevares holds a PhD in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. He graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with a Bachelor’s degree in Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering with a concentration in Developmental Economics. Rosselló continued his academic studies at the University of Michigan, where he completed a master’s degree and a PhD in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. After finalizing his doctoral studies, he completed post-doctoral studies in neuroscience at Duke University, in North Carolina, where he also served as an investigator. Dr. Rosselló was a tenure track assistant professor for the University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus and Metropolitan University, teaching courses in medicine, immunology, and biochemistry. Dr. Rosselló’s scientific background and training also makes him an expert in important developing areas such as genetic manipulation and engineering, stem cells, viral manipulation, cancer, tissue engineering and smart materials. He discusses: the moves made forward in the 2010s; and the Trump Administration.

Keywords: colonial territory, Donald Trump, Puerto Rico, Ricardo Rosselló Nevares, Trump Administration.

Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Democratic Participation, Colonialism, and Former President Donald J. Trump: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (3)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Another aspect, I think the big cautionary note is vigilance about no matter how good things are; for instance, the approval ratings two months prior to then needing to resign. Maybe, not hypervigilance, but certainly vigilance.

When it comes to the people fo Puerto Rico, a big thing is a 500+-year colonial history. So, that’s a major issue. Well over 90% of the population wants equal status with other states. In other words, they want equal democratic participation for themselves, for democratic self-governance.

What have been some of the moves made forward in the 2010s that you consider the most significant, whether in the office or not?

Dr. Ricardo Rosselló[1],[2]*: The way I try to tell this story. There is a 500-year story of Puerto Rico. There is a 50-year story of Puerto Rico. Then there is a 5-year story, approximately, of Puerto Rico after that. We are a colonial territory.

We have been a colonial territory all of our existence. The first 400, some of Spain and Italy, after with the Hispanic-American War were transferred to the United States. So, never has Puerto Rico been an independent company or a full partner of another country.

It is something to really keep in mind. It is an inevitable part of our culture because it’s been embedded into it for all of our existence. The second part, the 50 years, how government mismanagement based on these differences, because Puerto Rico as a colonial territory got some government ‘freebies,’ let’s put it that way.

It became a tax haven for big corporations. Bondholders would not have to pay taxes on bonds that they bought in Puerto Rico. So, that was pretty active. It is an hour-long talk. How those mismanagements got us to the place where $72 billion (USD) in debt in the bond markets, about $50 billion in debt for unfunded pension liabilities, then the last 5 years, it has been a crosshair of how it crashed.

In my view, it crashed in 2014, when we didn’t pay our first issuance of bonds. It, essentially, removed us from the market or in the short-term from getting any money back, getting an oversight board. I’m sure all of the things that you have seen.

How do you get those things started and get some transformational reform and structural reform? Unfortunately, there’s no fell swoop here. Everything, as with a lot of things, before it gets better, it’s going to have its cracks.

Through it all, my thesis has been, “Hey, granted, there’s been government mismanagement. There have been all these things. There’s been corruption. But really, the root of all of this is that we’re a colonial territory.”

Citizens of Puerto Rico get a 1/4th of the same citizens in places like Florida. You only have to get a flight. That’s it! It’s not even complicated. All you have to do is make that transfer. That’s one of the reasons people leaving Puerto Rico.

My thesis is that we have been needing to solve this problem. One thing I did prior to my administration was spearheading a first plebiscite that rejected colonial status. We won the plebiscite. Even though, the party lost. That was in 2012.

When I took office, I, immediately, established a plebiscite for the three alternatives – statehood, independence, or free associated states – to keep moving this agenda. Statehood won significantly, but a lot of the opposition members boycotted the event.

The only reason that you boycott an event like that is that you don’t have a chance to win. This year, before I left office, I established another plebiscite that would run concurrent to the election. That way, the idea behind it is, “Listen, if we do it the same day as the election, you can’t boycott it. You are going to vote for your candidates. You can’t boycott this.”

The first argument is in the past ten years. We have three distinct events, where the will of the people of Puerto Rico has said, “We don’t want to be a colonial territory. We want to be an independent state.” The next is, “How will the United States act?”

I thought it was improbable, but it crystallized. Since I was in office, I started working with Mayor Bowser, which is the mayor of Washington, D.C., to create this coalition saying, “You guys want to become a state. We want to become a state. It’s different, constitutionally different, but we are, essentially, equal partners in this.”

Interestingly, both jurisdictions have a focus that minorities are a majority. In Washington, D.C., black people are a majority. In Puerto Rico, Hispanics and Latinos are, obviously, a majority. So, we started doing that.

For the first time, there’s a narrative over here in the States that democrats would stand to benefit, not only on their story, which is, “Let’s give equal rights to all Americans,” but also politically. Sometimes, I know, it is the ugly part of it.

I think that’s also a reason why some Republicans were opposing statehood. They thought that Puerto Rico would become a democratic state and would cost them two seats in the Senate. Now, for the first time, you have a democratic president and a democratic House.

With recent events, you have, by the smallest of margins, a democratic Senate. So, there is a 2-year window in my view. If these things are going to happen, they can crystallize now. There needs to be a push. There needs to be a push from all parties.

From a global perspective, there has never been a clear path because of what has been said, because what is at stake, to have Puerto Rico and Washington, D.C., become states. I’m hopeful that those things will happen and, again, I put my little grain of sand in that process.

I’ll still be [Laughing] pulling for that and helping as citizens or behind the scenes as much as I can, because I really think it is the single biggest difference that Puerto Rico has relative to any of the other states. It is the single different driver – the data is alarming.

Before, you would say, “Hey, so, Puerto Rico is the poorest state, twice as much as Mississippi or West Virginia.” Now, there’s more Puerto Ricans on the mainland than on the island. You can take what they represent as a state or as an economy, or health-wise, or crime-wise, and compare it to Puerto Rico.

The difference is staggering. I think there is an opportunity to do that and things will, hopefully, move along in the next 20 months or so.

Jacobsen: So, I want to touch on some of the recent political histories as well. This is the 500-year, 50-year, or 5-year. This is the 4-year-and-one-month or even a few weeks. For many years back, for many African-Americans, many black Americans, it was an interesting era with the Trump Administration.

Rosselló: [Laughing].

Jacobsen: As a Canadian, it was also interesting to watch from a distance. Probably, less fun in the midst of it, depending on your ethnic identity and political leaning in the United States.

Rosselló: [Laughing].

Jacobsen: Within January, the anti-science, the conspiracy theories, came to a head along with the ethnic nationalism, via the white nationalist form of it being stoked to a riot or an insurrection on the Capitol, on the Capitol building in particular.

As we all saw, one colleague posted about the QAnon Shaman. These sorts of things. From opinions and attitudes from Puerto Rico, what were the Trump years like for them? What was the reaction on social media and in the news to the insurrection on the 6th (Jan.)?

Rosselló: I can speak to this on many levels. First level is the quantitative level, I had access to public opinion polls. I can clearly share that sense with you. Essentially, President Trump had about a 100% approval rating in Puerto Rico. 10% for and 80% (or so) against. Not very different from the rest of the States.

Even though, the quantity was different. That 100% was staunch supporters. They were people that would take up the fight. Let’s put it that way. I think he wasn’t viewed as someone who did good by Puerto Rico.

I had the opportunity of interacting with him. I had this sort of question posed to me, which was, “I’m in a territory. I completely depend on the President allowing these funds to flow to Puerto Rico, so we can get FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency), the military, and everybody, to help in this moment.

There are people attacking him. I am a democrat. I was never really quite understood how Trump – I shouldn’t say that. I didn’t expect Trump to win. The election days in Puerto Rico were the same as in the United States.

At 1:00 a.m., I was still in a press conference. Someone said, “Hey, he won, it seems there might be an outside chance Trump becomes president.” My answer was completely dismissive, “Hillary is going to win. I’ll be working within her,” etc.

Then the results came in. The position I was in, I was like, “Do I trash the president just because everybody doesn’t like him and then risk the people of Puerto Rico not getting anything or do I have to play ball with him?”

Even though, I’m going to get attacked and scrutinized because I sat down with the man. I welcomed him to the island. I spent time with him. The position was very clear, very obvious, “I can’t put 3,000,000 people at risk because I will get a headline if I say, ‘This guy is x, y, or z.’”

So, my decision was that while, at the same time, the mayor of San Juan – who was also an opponent of mine – was heavily critical of Trump. She would get all of the headlines, all of the news stories. I was try to get to sit down with this man who doesn’t have the biggest of attention spans and is very much a “you’re with me or against me” type of persona.

I think I, for the first couple of months, was able to manage. Little has been said. But in the beginning, we were going to get nothing, zero. I was able to move that to $19.9 billion (USD). It was a bipartisan effort. Maybe, another time, we can go through that story. It is an interesting one.

I think, obviously, this is my opinion; the man is flawed. I don’t think he cared about policy. I tried to talk to him about policy: didn’t care, didn’t even try to hide the fact that he didn’t care. But I think a lot of people underestimated him, as well.

I have never a met a person with better political, raw political, instincts than him. I think that needs to be part of the story. That is why, and in some ways, Trump represents what is going on, this divisiveness. This is why some people see him as the saviour.

Even though, it is a lower number of people. Some see him as the son of Satan. In some ways – and apologies for getting into this, I think explains a little bit what is going on. The two side, in my view, keep on getting more extreme sometimes.

There are no bridges. There are very few bridges left. I think that’s going to be Joe Biden’s big challenge now. How does he rebuild some of those bridges? How do we get to a point where we can completely disagree on politics, but we don’t have to want to kill the other opposition guy?

In many ways, my fear with Trump is that he was a manifestation of that divisiveness. He, of course, poured gas into the fire, but we’re dealing with Puerto Rico. In the beginning, he was – I can say, I want to give him his due – trying to, but then his White House, apparently, disconnected.

As the years went along, people left. He got himself more in isolation. We could not connect with him anymore. Progress stopped occurring for Puerto Rico. That got me into several media battles with him as well.

So, I think he is going to be seen poorly. Again, on a policy basis, I think it’s accurate. On an execution basis, it was underwhelming. But again, I think there’s a lot to dissect. Instead of saying, “Let’s wipe the slate clean and move forward and heal,” we really need to think about what the hell got us into this situation in the first place.

Why is this happening? How can we start mending this? Otherwise, my fear, Scott: If the prevailing attitude is going to be from the new side, “Hey, you have to heal with us because we say you have to heal with us.” It won’t work out. I hope it does, but I don’t think it will.

I think there needs to be patience, time to heal, and time to understand the phenomena that was this presidency.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Former Governor, Puerto Rico.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-3; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Democratic Participation, Colonialism, and Former President Donald J. Trump: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (3) [Online]. March 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-3.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, March 22). Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Democratic Participation, Colonialism, and Former President Donald J. Trump: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (3). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-3.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Democratic Participation, Colonialism, and Former President Donald J. Trump: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (3). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-3>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Democratic Participation, Colonialism, and Former President Donald J. Trump: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-3.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Democratic Participation, Colonialism, and Former President Donald J. Trump: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (March 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-3.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Democratic Participation, Colonialism, and Former President Donald J. Trump: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-3>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Democratic Participation, Colonialism, and Former President Donald J. Trump: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-3.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Democratic Participation, Colonialism, and Former President Donald J. Trump: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): March. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-3>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Democratic Participation, Colonialism, and Former President Donald J. Trump: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (3) [Internet]. (2021, March 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-3.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Kenyans: Stop Burning Witches, Witchcraft is Superstition

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,407

Keywords: Kenya, Leo Igwe, Nigeria, superstition, witch burning.

Kenyans: Stop Burning Witches, Witchcraft is Superstition[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

The Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW) urges the people of Kenya to stop lynching persons suspected to be witches because witchcraft allegations are mistaken assumptions. The call has become necessary following reports of the brutal murder of elderly women accused of witchcraft in the country since August. Kenyan advocates drew the attention of AFAW to a particular video that was circulating on social media. One advocate who shared the video also said: “Very disgusting this is! And the people that do this will not know peace. Witchcraft only exists in people’s minds. I’ve never believed in it. How do you even tell that a person is a witch if you’re not or you’ve never been one yourself?” The video contains revulsive scenes where an alleged witch, a woman in her 70s, was pleading for her life. She had been beaten and had bruises on her face. The mob put a tyre on her neck, covered her with dry leaves, and then set her ablaze while members of the public watched and cheered.

Many Kenyans have been commenting on the incident and pervasiveness of witch persecution and killing in the country. Njeri Wa Migwi-Mwangi posted this comment:”The first time I saw a video on Whatsapp of an elderly woman being burnt, she was in a ditch, she was bleeding and crying and begging them but they beat her anyway and they burnt her. I remember I broke down and cried and cried. They said she had red eyes so she was a witch and deserved to die. No one was arrested. That was 2016. On 28th October, an elderly woman was burnt in and the same allegation was made: she was a witch. That a child had died from flu in the neighborhood. My god, no one had a mask, no one. No one was arrested. I’ve checked and it’s a habitual thing to kill elderly women in Kisiiland under the guise that they’re witches. Most of these women are also widows. Is this a case of land grabbing? Where is the outrage? Is it a crime to be elderly? Why are you killing old women? Why is no one talking about this! Thousands of posters advertising the services of witch doctors are in this city, with their numbers but somehow the ones in Kisii are the effective ones! Stop killing old women”.

In the same vein someone said: “I watched that clip, I couldn’t stand it. A chilling fear ran down my spine. Fear of the young men and women we are raising, who will commit murder in broad daylight, and will be applauded. This has been, will always be, murder. When people want to disinherit widows, they first accuse them of killing their husbands or being a witch’. My heart bleeds for our society”.

Another Facebook user commented: “I hated when I saw one of the guys slapping our old mum, I couldn’t do the whole video when she caught fire, I missed mum who died a natural death(I was there seeing someone’s mum burning away. It’s painful, I wish we could do away with this kind of act”

Usikimye, a local organization that campaigns against gender-based violence said this on its Facebook page: “Gender violence comes in many ways and one of the many ways is the killing of the elderly especially women under the guise of witchcraft. There was a heartbreaking video doing rounds of an old woman being beaten by a mob, and eventually, she was set on fire. On 28th October, the same fate befell another old woman and the mob burnt her, they claimed that she had bewitched a child that died. This is a practice in Kisii and seems like parts of the coastal province are also on it.

We cannot in good conscience continue to be silent when the elderly are burnt. This could be an issue of disinheriting widows or grabbing land. Stop killing elderly women”.

In addition to comments on social media, a report in the Nation summarizes what transpired in Kiisi. A mob attacked the woman after she allegedly dropped “some leaves considered as witchcraft paraphernalia at the home of her stepson”. The stepson had lost three children in ‘mysterious circumstances’. The expression, ‘mysterious circumstances’ usually refers to situations that defy commonsense and everyday explanations. This elderly woman was suspected to be responsible for the death of the children. According to the report, the woman confessed to being behind the death when she was confronted. She claimed to have killed the children along with two other persons. The mob descended on the woman and lynched her. As the report noted, the father of the children wondered what the woman was doing at their house very early in the morning.

When families suffer many deaths within a short period, members become paranoid and sometimes think that some persons might be using harmful magic against them. Elderly women are often suspected and scapegoated. The belief is that elderly persons use magical means to extend their lives, and achieve longevity. Elderly persons kill children and younger persons to exchange their young souls with their elderly ones. Thus the young persons die pre-maturely while the elderly continue to live.

AFAW implores all Kenyans to discard this baseless assumption and superstitious nonsense. The people of Kenya should understand that there is no evidence for witchcraft explanations of death, diseases, and other misfortunes. Kenyans should stop attacking and burning elderly women for witchcraft because these women are innocent and have no hand in deaths and other misfortunes in families. Witchcraft allegations are informed by ignorance, fear, and anxiety over existential challenges and uncertainties. Elderly women need care, love, and protection because in some cases they suffer from dementia and other old age-related ailments that predispose them to make confessions and utterances that could easily be attributed to witchcraft. The people of Kenya should abandon the superstitious belief in witchcraft and embrace science and critical thinking.

In response to the recent development, AFAW has started a local Whatsapp group for advocates in Kenya who are discussing various ways to tackle the problem of witch persecution. Some have proposed to organize public education campaigns in the communities. Others have proposed to set up shelters for victims in the affected regions. It is encouraging to know that there are Kenyans who do not believe in witchcraft and who are willing to take measures to address this menace. For instance, one of the advocates posted the following on the platform:

It’s sad to see how very innocent human beings are killed in a very vindictive and savagery manner in the name of witchcraft. I don’t believe that there exists such a thing as witchcraft. I come from Nyamira County in Kenya where very many elderly people and surprisingly many of them are old women are killed for allegations of witchcraft. The latest case captured the attention of many because it was caught on camera but many such cases end up unreported. So what’s the relationship between witchcraft and age? How can a person be very good throughout life only to become a witch at an advanced age? I have not seen a young person being accused of it. Why the elderly? This allegation has been used to eliminate people for various reasons but coming from a region this happens I’ll tell you one reason. That the elderly people are being eliminated because such things as land and other things that can be inherited, and also their age have made them a burden to their families. You’ll be surprised that families play a key role in this persecution of their elderly ones. And the reason why the perpetrators of these satanic acts don’t face justice is that the society is first mobilized against alleged witches and because the belief that somebody can be a witch is still deeply rooted. The victims are eliminated through mob justice and that makes it difficult for people to testify against the perpetrators because many people in the village are involved and we’re not a country that protects witnesses who could give information about what happened”.

While the views and perspectives of Kenyans who do not believe in witchcraft constitute a sign of hope, to root out witch burning, Kenya needs a critical mass of advocates against witchcraft allegations and witch burning. All Kenyans need to embrace AFAW’s decade of activism and work to end witch persecution in the country by 2030.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/kenyans-stop-burning-witches-witchcraft-is-superstition.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Ask Takudzwa 12 – Coaxing the Closet to Open Up

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Author: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 1.A, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: October 6, 2020

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: One Time Per Year

Words: 299

Keywords: Humanist Society of Zimbabwe, Takudzwa Mazwienduna, Zimbabwe, Zimbabwean Secular Alliance.

Ask Takudzwa 12 – Coaxing the Closet to Open Up[1],[2]

Takudzwa Mazwienduna is the informal leader of Zimbabwean Secular Alliance and a Member of the Humanist Society of Zimbabwe. This educational series will explore secularism in Zimbabwe from an organizational perspectiveand more. 

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: You mentioned the need, now, to bring more of the freethinking Zimbabweans out into the public sphere for the Humanist Society of Zimbabwe. What are some planned campaigns to normalize humanism?

Takudzwa Mazwienduna: We have been doing a lot of writing addressing secular issues in national newspapers and social media. It doesn’t look like a lot of Zimbabweans read however, so are thinking about awareness campaigns, sensitization meetings with community leaders and being represented on national talk radio.

Jacobsen: What have been some feedback from members of the community on the use of public campaigns to further bring closeted humanists into the Humanist Society of Zimbabwe community?

Mazwienduna: Some closeted Humanists have come out as a result, although not in large numbers. We received much more backlash from religious establishments and some of them even went on to write about us in national newspapers portraying us as Satanists.

Jacobsen: For those who were closeted, have they said anything about what would and would not be effective in the development and implementation of awareness campaigns in solidarity with the closeted humanists?

Mazwienduna: We have heard general discussion about that, but I’m realizing this instant that the previously closeted Humanists would probably have more insight into that. I will pass the idea by the group.

Jacobsen: What demographics will more likely embrace humanism and the Humanist Society of Zimbabwe?

Mazwienduna: Segregated religious minorities are likely to support secularism because they stand to benefit from it. We have received moral support from leaders of the African Traditional Religion and Muslims. They are excited about the prospects of religious diversity. It is only the dominant Christian establishment that is mostly appalled by the idea.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Takudzwa.

Mazwienduna: It’s always a pleasure Scott.

 

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, In-Sight Publishing.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/ask-takudzwa-12-coaxing-the-closet-to-open-up.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing and African Freethinker by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and African Freethinker 2012-2020. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.  All interviewees co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Glia Society, Games, Tests, Puzzles, Thoth, Policy, and Absolute Freedom of Speech: Administrator, Glia Society (4)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 5,152

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Paul Cooijmans is an Independent Psychometitor and Administrator of the Glia Society, and Administrator of the Giga Society. He discusses: animated presentation of the Glia Society; three-part polyphonic piece; a palindromic “crab” canon; mind games; Glia Society crossword; the memory game; the Mastermind game; tests, puzzles and games; domain and aesthetic; community; active is the publication; absolute freedom of speech; heated exchanges; the general impression from the more active members of Thoth; the “value” of the “golden opportunity” of Thoth; the major themes of the publications; the policy of Thoth; the frequency of Thoth; annoying moments; parts of the copy section have been altered in the history of Thoth description; italics and bold; unusual font colours, font sizes, font changes, font types; most common font colours, font sizes, font changes, and font types; “the mark of bad authors”; the single most read/viewed article in the history of Thoth; infrequent errors of copy; frequent errors of copy; and further disclaimers or caveats.

Keywords: copy, Douglas R. Hofstadter, Field of eternal integrity, font, games, Glia Society, Paul Cooijmans, publications, Thoth.

Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Glia Society, Games, Tests, Puzzles, Thoth, Policy, and Absolute Freedom of Speech: Administrator, Glia Society (4)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: For those with an interest in an animated presentation of the Glia Society, they can see the website (The Glia Society, n.d.a; Cooijmans, 2016). Why the creation of an animated presentation?

Paul Cooijmans[1],[2]*: At that time, in 2003-2004, I was taking a web design course, and one of the assignments was to make an animation in “Flash”. I made one that I could actually use. Later I converted it to video. To avoid confusion, I should explain that I took a programming course at the same school in 2002.

Jacobsen: With the “three-part polyphonic piece consisting of three canons using the same theme — a theme beginning with four notes based in pitch and duration on the letters Glia Society in a fairly trivial way — in three different manners,” what has been the feedback if any on the music and the animated presentation? (Cooijmans, n.d.a)

Cooijmans: I do not remember any feedback at the moment.

Jacobsen: Why have a palindromic “crab” canon? (Ibid.)

Cooijmans: Crab canons have fascinated me since the 1980s when I learnt how to write them in counterpoint class at the conservatory. One thing about them is that you do not hear that it is a canon. Another thing is that every note of the theme has to function in at least two different situations: in the top voice and in the bottom voice. That requirement creates a synergy, wherein the whole is more than the sum of parts. Double functions are key to understanding life and the universe. This is also dealt with in my favourite book, “Gödel, Escher, Bach” by Douglas R. Hofstadter. Many phenomena in nature, and many works of genius are, “under the hood”, akin to crab canons. If you learn how to write a crab canon, you understand more of reality and advance to a higher level of creative functioning.

Jacobsen: The mind games section has four parts: Glia Society crosswordMemory gameMastermind, and More tests, puzzles and games. (Cooijmans, n.d.b). What has been the feedback on this section of the Glia Society webpages? Why create this particular section?

Cooijmans: Very little feedback on the crosswords. A little feedback on the memory game and mastermind. The reaction speed test has drawn much more feedback. Someone sent me collected data on it and asked to make a statistical report, which I did. But I fear that its meaning is limited because one’s score on the test may be affected by the hardware of one’s electronic computer, in particular the graphics card or “on-board” graphics. Also, simple reaction time is only one elementary cognitive task with a limited “g”-loading. For a better picture, one needs to test other tasks related to working memory, perceptual threshold, and decision time. And the hardware should be the same for all candidates, so this is not something you should be doing on your own computer with software. It takes standard equipment in a laboratory setting. I see no way to do that with high-range test candidates, because (1) I do not have the equipment and facilities and (2) said candidates are living all over the world so it is not doable to get them to travel thousands of kilometres to a particular location. For the same reason, supervised tests, valuable as they may be, are not usable for high-range purposes, unfortunately. I tried for years because I really like supervised tests and the in-person psychological examination, but could not get more than a small handful of people to travel here to take them.

The creation of this section, too, was part of the web design course I took.

Jacobsen: For the Glia Society crossword, what percent of people get all the answers correct? (Cooijmans, n.d.c)

Cooijmans: I have no idea, no one has ever sent me their answers, and that would also be superfluous because the solutions are given on the crossword itself. Hm, perhaps I should remove them to make it harder.

Jacobsen: For the memory game (Cooijmans, 2003), what was the inspiration for creating it?

Cooijmans: Also the web design course, and I chose to make games that had something to do with intelligence.

Jacobsen: What purpose does the Mastermind game or activity serve? (Cooijmans, n.d.d)

Cooijmans: The same answer as the previous about the memory game, I would say. Regarding the web design course, I might add that the institute where I took this course also housed a bodyguard school and a stewardess academy. Both, on two separate occasions, appeared in a television program during that period because of students who complained about having been ripped of. The episode about the stewardess academy came from a studio full of aspiring stewardesses in their professional attire. My novel “Field of eternal integrity” briefly mentions this stewardess academy.

Perhaps it is interesting to tell a bit more about the web college: When I started there, it was still allowed to smoke in the canteen, but at some point they forbade that, and from then on we were always sitting outside, often in the cold, on the terrace of the building during lunch breaks, overlooking the impressive garden. Several students were chain-smokers, so they could not have lunch indoors any more. One of the students was an astrologer who had worked as a brothel manager before. He was doing the course because he was planning to create an astrology-based dating program. I do not know if he succeeded eventually. For a short period I assisted in the project as a programmer, and he invited me home for dinner, which consisted of paprika filled with meatloaf prepared by his twenty years younger girlfriend. A few other programmers were involved too, including one of our teachers. The astrologer insisted that the dating program allow matches between people with a twenty-year age gap, like he had with his fiancée. Whenever a match was found, the candidate would be notified instantly on one’s mobile telephone. This was futuristic at the time, in the early 2000s, when not nearly everyone had a mobile phone yet, and long before smart phones became common. He was ahead of his time, also having been one of the first sex telephone line operators in the 1980s.

Not all of the students were knowledgeable regarding informatics; this was revealed when the teacher instructed us to make a web site and bring it along on a compact disk so he could see it. “What?! Does a whole web site fit on a compact disk?!” remarked one web designer-to-be. This person was taking the course for the second time, and would not show up any more after the first few lessons. For clarity, the web sites we made were in the order of a few hundred kilobytes, while a compact disk could hold 700 megabytes, so several hundred of those sites. But the astrologer took file-size-blindness to a new level when he tried to share with us the full documentation of a certain corporate developer’s network by electronic mail; he really could not understand why that e-mail had failed to sent after he attached the complete set of compact disks totalling several gigabytes. For information, the upper limit of an e-mail attachment was in the order of a few megabytes at the time, so he had exceeded it by a factor of thousand. Attaching compact disks to an e-mail message would be a remarkable feat even today, if I am correct.

Later on in the course, one of the participants brought a Universal Serial Bus stick of 200 megabytes with him to show his work, instead of a compact disk; this was the first time I saw a U.S.B. stick. This person worked at a fish store and was making a web site for it. On that occasion he printed a page from his site, containing a recipe for plaice. Then he looked around where the printer was, but could not find it. The teacher informed him that the printer was located in the school’s office, where they were probably wondering what to do with the recipe. In the years after the course, I sometimes used the building of the web college as a target when training for a marathon or longer distance. It was 35 kilometres up and down there from my house, mostly along the canal.

Jacobsen: The “More tests, puzzles and games” link leads to “I.Q. Tests for the High Range” (Cooijmans, n.d.e). A page with one of the most quotable phrases in the high-range testing environment, “A megalomaniac’s Waterloo,” which I love dearly. Individuals with an interest in further explorations into the high-range testing world can explore the website and the rich resources from there. Actually, this leads to some short side questions if I may, please. Some comment on the old nature of many of the high-IQ society web domains and web pages within them. When I examined 84 of them formally, or more informally, this appears true. Many are defunct. Others are extant, but inactive. Others are merely directories or listings of individuals who qualify for the societies. Some have a modest level of activity. A few are decades old, active, and well-run. Yours, happily, qualify for the lattermost, Glia Society and Giga Society. For the domain and aesthetics of the Glia Society, or the entirety of the lifework for you, as presented online, why this particular design?

Cooijmans: Regarding web design, I am for accessibility and not bothering visitors with unneeded distractions or intrusions like pop-ups, side-bars, or frequent changes of the site that send people looking for things they could find blindly in the previous design version. Do notice that the text on the site is actually legible, and not illegibly tiny as “professional” web designers insist on. In the past I had advertisements appear on my web sites, but I removed them after it became compulsory to ask visitors permission to store the advertisement-related cookies on their electronic computers. I do not want to harass people with that.

In this respect I want to mention it is nowadays rare to get honest advertising on your web site. I have been contacted countless times by people who wanted to “advertise” on my sites, but invariably it concerned sneaky text links disguised as normal content, not recognizable as advertising, to deceive the search engines and make the advertiser’s web sites seem popular. This is unethical and spoils the Internet. They call this “search engine optimization”; one of the cesspools of modern-day “marketing”.

Jacobsen: Why keep this domain and aesthetic into 2021?

Cooijmans: Because of its extreme beauty and accessibility, and to avoid forcing visitors to waste time and attention by learning to navigate something new all the time. As we say here, “what you do not want done to you, do not do that to others” (this rhymes in Netherlandic). I avoid all those things that make me run away from other web sites.

Jacobsen: What have been the feedback on those aforementioned levels regarding it? I should add. In the first part of the interview, you stated:

First, I must say that it was not the aim to construct a digitally-based community. In 1997, I did not have an Internet connection, and all communication regarding and within the Glia Society was conducted via regular correspondence… Only in January 2001, I bought a modern computer and got Internet access, and that was the first time I used the Internet and electronic mail. Around midnight of the day on which I got Internet access, I had a web site online, and from that moment on, the Glia Society had an online existence (it had been advertised online by a few friends of mine in the years before already though). (Jacobsen, 2020).

So, the original intent changed into the online, where the intent was the non-digital community the whole time, as a reminder to newer readers to this Glia Society series of interviews.

Cooijmans: I do not understand what is meant with “those aforementioned levels” and with “it”. Also I do not remember saying anything about a non-digital community. I said “it was not the aim to construct a digitally-based community” in response to a question about the Glia Society being a digital community. But that does logically not equate to saying “the aim was to construct a non-digital community”. The feedback in the period before going online (if that is the question) was hugely positive. This is also logical, as membership in those days involved regular mail correspondence and paying for a paper journal sent by mail, and I imagine that negatively inclined people would not be willing to go through all that trouble just to be negative about the society. You could not join an I.Q. society on a whim then, as you can now with everything going via the Internet.

Jacobsen: We have talked about the journal Thoth before, a bit.[3] It is a digital publication available to members alone. “It guarantees absolute freedom of speech and has no editorial changes or censorship of any kind. Thoth is filled with members’ submissions, and occasionally contains material by others.” (Cooijmans, n.d.f) What makes “no editorial changes or censorship of any kind” a benefit to the Glia Society community? How active is the publication?

Cooijmans: “No editorial changes or censorship of any kind” is a benefit because it allows members (and possible non-members who submit copy) to express their ideas without interference. Anyone who has ever had an incompetent or corrupt editor destroy one’s work will recognize the value of that. The publication is quite active in some periods, and less active in others. It varies, and with the advent of Internet fora, the importance of a journal has gone down. It is no longer the only communication medium of the society.

Jacobsen: The policy section of the public website states:

Thoth is meant to be a verbatim, uncensored, unedited publication forum for Glia Society members’ materials of almost any kind, and as such offers an almost unique and golden opportunity to who understand the value of such. So, actually to very few.

Copy for Thoth is published without alterations and as close as possible to what the author wrote or created (insofar as electronic word processing allows this; some formatting changes are inevitable). Notice that this means that one’s possible errors too remain uncorrected; to write correctly is the author’s task. Please check copy for errors repeatedly and meticulously before submission. Do not just rely on a software spelling checker.

Notice that the previous paragraph implies one needs to put one’s name and the possible title of one’s submission in one’s copy. Leaving these out implies that the copy is anonymous and/or has no title. For clarity; this means that the name and title must be in the submission itself, not just in an accompanying note. The previous sentence follows from the fact that copy is not altered, implying that the author’s name and title are not added if one does not put them in oneself.

It is recommended to put one’s address in one’s copy so that readers can respond directly to the author if they wish. Remarks to the Administrator about copy are not passed on to the author. (Ibid.)

With absolute freedom of speech, have there been any issues internal to the Glia Society community or Thoth itself?

Cooijmans: The main issue I remember is the publication, in instalments, of a novel by a member. A number of other members objected to its contents, which they found too violent and explicit. There was discussion on it on the electronic mail forum of the society, but no official measures were taken. The novel’s author was not online oneself, which made discussing the topic difficult. Arguments were, “I can not show the journal to my family with this content in it”, which was countered by “but the journal is members-only so you are not supposed to show it to your family anyway”.

Jacobsen: Have there been any significantly heated exchanges in such fora based on absolute freedom of speech?

Cooijmans: The one I just mentioned, about the novel.

Jacobsen: What is the general impression from the more active members of Thoth, in terms of submissions/publications in it, of the quality of the submissions if any feedback at that level?

Cooijmans: There are two types of submissions: From ambitious members who send a lot of material to promote their work and themselves, and from members who send copy to contribute toward a high-quality publication. Both are welcome and fit the goals of an I.Q. society.

Jacobsen: To the aforementioned “very few” from the block quote, what is the “value” of the “golden opportunity”? (Ibid.)

Cooijmans: The value is in the rare chance to publish one’s work uncensored and verbatim.

Jacobsen: What are the major themes of the publications? What is the most common type of submission, e.g., articles, interviews, etc.?

Cooijmans: Articles are the most common type of submission I think. Other types are poems, short stories, photos, things like that. I have no idea how to describe the major themes of the publications, I do not think in themes myself, in fact I have sometimes turned down participation in activities with prescribed themes. It can be said that the articles and other submissions in Thoth often reveal a way of looking at or experiencing the world that is typical of highly intelligent persons.

Jacobsen: Has the policy of Thoth ever changed?

Cooijmans: No.

Jacobsen: The copy section of the public website states:

Copy can be submitted at any time and will appear in the next issue. Please try to get it right at once and not send corrections or corrected versions to already submitted copy. Thoth appears whenever a minimum amount of copy is available. Obviously, there is no “deadline”; the time to send copy is when that copy is ready.

The best file formats for copy are .txt, .rtf, .odt, and .doc. Send the copy in any one of those formats; there is absolutely no need send the copy in more than one of those formats simultaneously. Do not send copy as .pdf; that is a read-only format and can not be edited or inserted into another document without corruption of white space and layout.

To avoid loss of quality, possible images should best be (also) sent separately, for instance as attachments, rather than inserted into a word processor document. Displaying text in image form is extremely unwise as it increases file size in the order of a hundredfold.

Be sparing with layout features like italic and bold, and especially sparing with underlined, font colours, font size changes, font changes and so on. Keep in mind that underlined nowadays means “this is a hyper reference”, and dozens of readers will click on it only to discover it is not. Be informed that the excessive use of layout features is the mark of bad authors.

To obtain an impression of how copy looks, one may consult this Thoth copy template.

It is possible to submit copy even if one is not a member but has material one thinks is of interest to the Glia Society members. Copy should be sent to the Administrator; indicate in an accompanying note that the submitted material is copy, to avoid confusion between personal correspondence and copy. (Ibid.)

What has been the frequency of Thoth issues per year? How many per year? How much does this rate vary? What is the range?

Cooijmans: In the first few years it was eight times per year, then it went down to six and remained at that for over two decades. About a year ago I reduced it to “whenever there is copy”, but in practice it has mostly appeared every two months still. The size of an issue has gone down a few years ago, when I stopped filling it up with my own material when there was little copy. The size now reflects how much copy there is.

Jacobsen: Have there been any particularly annoying moments of corrected versions sent an inordinate amount of times to you? In that, there were a large number of corrected versions sent to you. Is it a fair time to recount these potential historical moments?

Cooijmans: I remember one person who had a habit of sending corrected versions to almost everything said person submitted. This was annoying because I tend to work ahead in producing the journal, so every correction caused unneeded (“double”) work. A typical example of a situation where a lazy person, who postpones his work until the last moment, has an advantage over a conscientious person who wants to get things done.

Jacobsen: Have many parts of the copy section have been altered in the history of Thoth description, based on adaptations and difficulties faced in the midst of production of it?

Cooijmans: Eight parts, it seems. The matter is always, how explicit and emphatic do you have to phrase something to get through to people who are persistently not “getting” it?

Jacobsen: What textual circumstances justify the use of italics and bold to you?

Cooijmans: In technical texts, when there are requirements or conventions to italicize or embolden things et cetera, it is justified to do so, and the best (or easiest) way to reproduce this in a journal is probably in image form, or in a tag-based markup language like H.T.M.L. or X.M.L. But in more informal prose, articles, columns and so on, when one’s writing has to be included in a publication edited by another person, it is plain antisocial to make heavy use of text layout features. Let me explain, for the sake of readers who have not experienced this hell first-hand: A submission that includes such layout as bold, italic, font changes and more tends to come in the form of a word processor document. The editor has to insert (or paste) this into the target document. Almost invariably, the layout is corrupted in this process, especially if the author’s and editor’s word processors are not of the exact same brand and version (which they never are, trust me; everyone’s computer system is different from everyone else’s!)

Repairing this corrupted version is usually so laborious, if possible at all, that it is more convenient to reduce the submission to plain text and redo the layout from scratch. Depending on the submission’s length and the use of layout, this is a tedious task because one has to scan with eagle eyes over the original and reproduce every layout feature one sees, with the risk of overlooking something. And then imagine the joy when the author sends a corrected version after one has already gone through this mountain of labour…

That is why it is generally best to submit copy as plain text. Unfortunately, many do not know these days what “plain text” is. They think that a text in a word processor document can be plain text, but this is not so. It contains hidden layout codes. Plain text is the output of text editors like Notepad.

Jacobsen: What contexts in submissions would justify unusual font colours, font sizes, font changes, font types, and so on?

Cooijmans: Almost the same answer as the previous question, except that these features are even much worse to deal with. For instance, most people do not realize that when they specify a certain font family, readers who do not happen to have that font installed on their system will see the text in a replacement font and it will look different. And this is the rule rather than the exception because, again, everyone’s computer system is different from everyone else’s. There are as good as no fonts that can be relied upon to be present on a random other person’s computer.

And yes, you can include a font in the eventual portable document format publication (popularly known as “P.D.F.”) with the “archive” option, but that increases file size. Is an individual copy submitter so important that you want to do that?

Jacobsen: What are the most common font colours, font sizes, font changes, and font types?

Cooijmans: In principal I use the font Verdana in Thoth, and make the size so that the number of characters on a line, excluding spaces, does not exceed 70. Legibility is about the number of characters on a line, not about actual font size. You have to count them to get it right; otherwise the inexperienced amateur editor will choose a childishly big font, while the graphically inclined visual artist will gravitate toward the illegibly tiny (such people never actually read what they publish, they only look at the “big picture” and care not about the poor eyes of the readers).

The colour is black, except for warnings, which are strong red, or #CC0000 in hexadecimal code; incidentally, this was also the colour of the bow tie of the pianist who used to play in the hall of the institute where I took that web design course. On Saturdays, the day of my course, they were always showing around potential students and their parents, and a pianist was sitting there playing all day on a grand piano to create an attractive atmosphere to reel in new customers. Not infrequently, some of my fellow students expressed their secret desire to slowly strangulate aforesaid musician. The piano did not bother me much though, being used to the cacophony of a music conservatory, where I sometimes sat practising in a study room with the noise of trombones, tubas, trumpets, and sopranos coming from neighbouring rooms so that is was hard to tell if my guitar made any sound at all. When all rooms were occupied, guitarists would sometimes practise in corridors or on the halfway-plateaus of staircases in between floors.

In Christmas time, a Christmas tree was placed in the hall of the web college, with a device attached to it that played pacifying Christmas melodies incessantly. This would not be turned off when the pianist came; he just had to hammer the keys a bit harder, and some students could then be observed making movements as if wringing a wet towel. The lessons lasted all day on Saturday, and many students came from remote parts of the country, some having to travel over 200 kilometres. This had to do with the fairly aggressive marketing by the (locally) somewhat notorious family who ran the institute. Incidentally, a course there would cost a bit over 4000 euros, but if you paid within two weeks you got a discount of almost 1000 euros, and under certain conditions you could take a second course for free.

Ideally, font family never changes. If someone submits copy with some marked and apparently intended layout, I try to copy or reproduce that, which is mostly more work than starting from plain text and applying the default Thoth layout.

While writing the above I realized that the following warning is in place: The default Thoth layout referred to here is applied after reducing a submission to plain text, as explained before. So, there is no point in trying to apply or imitate this default layout oneself in one’s submission; that self-applied layout will be removed anyway.

Jacobsen: Why are “the excessive use of layout features… the mark of bad authors”? (Ibid.)

Cooijmans: If you are an author of text, your task is to express yourself in words, in language, verbally. Layout is non-verbal, it is visual expression. If you find yourself needing things like italic, bold, colours, and font changes, that means you are failing to express yourself in words; that is, you are failing as an author of text. To overcome this, you should force yourself to avoid all layout and write purely in language, exerting yourself to express what you want to say in words. A good method is to use a text editor instead of a word processor; advanced text editors have spell checking, incidentally, so that is feasible. I always write in a text editor (Notepad++), never in an word processor. The advice contained in this paragraph will help more than one writer toward a Nobel prize in literature. (Editor, italicize that last sentence please.)

Jacobsen: If I may ask, or if the information may be divulged, what has been the single most read/viewed article in the history of Thoth? What was its content, theme? Who was its author? What seems like the reason for the responsiveness to the publication?

Cooijmans: We have not done a formal counting, but the novel “Die Wohnungenparkdämmerung” by Barney Vincelette springs to mind. A highly idiosyncratic tale of culture clash, and controversial because of the violence occurring in it.

Jacobsen: On the frequent errors of copy, you state:

Although the above instructions should suffice, for extra redundancy here is a list of typical errors in submitting copy to make absolutely certain that the reader understands what is meant:

Submitting copy in .pdf format;

Leaving out the title of the piece;

Leaving out the author name;

Leaving out contact information (if applicable);

Withholding (not sending) copy that is ready, thinking that copy can only be submitted shortly before a “deadline”;

Sending corrections or corrected versions to already submitted copy;

Using excessive layout features like bold, italic, font colours, font size changes and so on;

Sending copy in several file formats simultaneously;

Submitting copy inside a message that also contains (non-copy) correspondence without very meticulously distinguishing the copy from the correspondence. (Ibid.)

What are the infrequent errors of copy?

Cooijmans: A few infrequent errors: Sending “original” essays that have really been constructed by copying and pasting from existing online news articles; sending esoteric “decodings” of hidden patterns in certain texts, works of art, or historical events; imitating the default layout of Thoth in one’s submission. The last is superfluous because I reduce the submission to plain text anyway and then apply the default layout. I know I already stated that a few answers ago, but these layout matters in word processing are so poorly understood that it is warranted to repeat this once more here, just for extra redundancy.

Jacobsen: What are frequent errors of copy, correspondence clarification, and future copy? Where you see an error in the copy, it’s pointed out by a Glia Society member or the Administrator. Yet, future submissions continue to contain the same kind of copy error by the same author.

Cooijmans: The repeated sending of corrected versions to already submitted copy is an example of that.

Jacobsen: The disclaimer states, “Everything published in Thoth is for the exclusive responsibility of the author. If you have comments on things you read in Thoth, respond to the author or in Thoth.” Are there any further disclaimers or caveats to the current disclaimer needing stating here – minutiae or common misunderstandings beyond the general statement?

Cooijmans: Not really, but it could be noted here that responding in Thoth to another’s article has become a bit old-fashioned, now that things can be discussed easier and quicker on Internet-based fora.

References

Cooijmans, P. (2016, January 25). Glia Society animated presentation. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgqNoHcgQzc&feature=youtu.be.

Cooijmans, P. (n.d.c). Glia Society Crossword. Retrieved from https://gliasociety.org/games/cross.html.

Cooijmans, P. (2003). Glia Society Memory Game. Retrieved from https://gliasociety.org/games/memory.html.

Cooijmans, P. (n.d.b). Glia Society mind games. Retrieved from https://gliasociety.org/games.html.

Cooijmans, P. (n.d.d). Glia Society Mastermind. Retrieved from https://gliasociety.org/games/mastermind.html.

Cooijmans, P. (n.d.e). I.Q. Tests for the High Range. Retrieved from https://iq-tests-for-the-high-range.com.

Jacobsen, S.D. (2020, September 1). Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Introduction to the Glia Society: Administrator, Glia Society (1). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-1.

The Glia Society. (n.d.a). The Glia Society: Animated presentation. Retrieved from https://gliasociety.org/aboutmusic.html.

Cooijmans, P. (n.d.f). The Glia Society: The journal “Thoth”. Retrieved from https://gliasociety.org/thoth.html.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Administrator, Giga Society; Administrator, Glia Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-4; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

[3] “The Glia Society: The journal “Thoth”” states:

Thoth is named after the Egyptian moon god, who weighed the hearts of the deceased to determine if they would be admitted to the hereafter or, if the examination was failed, torn apart by a monster. Thoth is also the name used by the future Grail Society member.

Cooijmans (n.d.f).

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Glia Society, Games, Tests, Puzzles, Thoth, Policy, and Absolute Freedom of Speech: Administrator, Glia Society (4) [Online]. March 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-4.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, March 22). Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Glia Society, Games, Tests, Puzzles, Thoth, Policy, and Absolute Freedom of Speech: Administrator, Glia Society (4). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-4.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Glia Society, Games, Tests, Puzzles, Thoth, Policy, and Absolute Freedom of Speech: Administrator, Glia Society (4). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-4>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Glia Society, Games, Tests, Puzzles, Thoth, Policy, and Absolute Freedom of Speech: Administrator, Glia Society (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-4.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Glia Society, Games, Tests, Puzzles, Thoth, Policy, and Absolute Freedom of Speech: Administrator, Glia Society (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (March 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-4.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Glia Society, Games, Tests, Puzzles, Thoth, Policy, and Absolute Freedom of Speech: Administrator, Glia Society (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-4>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Glia Society, Games, Tests, Puzzles, Thoth, Policy, and Absolute Freedom of Speech: Administrator, Glia Society (4)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-4.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Glia Society, Games, Tests, Puzzles, Thoth, Policy, and Absolute Freedom of Speech: Administrator, Glia Society (4).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): March. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-4>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Paul Cooijmans on Glia Society, Games, Tests, Puzzles, Thoth, Policy, and Absolute Freedom of Speech: Administrator, Glia Society (4) [Internet]. (2021, March 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/cooijmans-4.

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In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Father’s Rights Activism in Pakistan, Humanism, and the International Humanist and Ethical Union/Humanists International: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,675

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Gulalai Ismail is a Co-Founder of Aware Girls. She has been awarded the Democracy Award from the National Endowment for Democracy, the Anna Politkovskaya Award, and recognized as one of the 100 Leading Global Thinkers of 2013 by Foreign Policy. She discusses: rights activism and her father; Humanism; and the International Humanist and Ethical Union/Humanists International.

Keywords: Aware Girls, blasphemy, Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Convention of the Rights of the Child, Gulalai Ismail, Humanism, Islam, Pakistan, Sunni, Wahhabi, Zia-ul-Haq.

Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Father’s Rights Activism in Pakistan, Humanism, and the International Humanist and Ethical Union/Humanists International: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted April 24, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: So, let’s start from very early age, even before, your father was – and is – a human rights activist well-known in Pakistan. What kinds of rights activism was he involved in while growing up and while you were also observing him as a youngster?

Gulalai Ismail[1],[2]: As a child, I saw my father as a human rights activist. He was working on the issues of democracy, even before I was born. He was involved in resistance against the military dictatorship of Zia-ul-Haq in Pakistan.

He is in political history as one of the darkest military dictatorships of Pakistan. My father worked for democracy, even during the military dictatorship there. He was put in prison many times.

Growing up, I saw him working on economic inequality and the economic empowerment of women. He was running a program to economically empower women through small loans. It was a fabulous program. You could see how it was helping women in the rural areas to run their own businesses and become economically empowered.

He was working against terrorism and violent religious extremism. He was very vocal against extremism. I was very young, maybe 10-years-old. We had to leave our village. He was attacked for his beliefs, his ideas, and issues related to blasphemy and religious extremism.

Because of that situation, my father decided to move to Peshawar. He didn’t want us to live in an environment where there are risks to life and livelihood based on your opinion. He moved to Peshawar and continued to work for democracy and human rights.

A lot of his work was around peacebuilding and strengthening democracy and local governments. He worked on issues of domestic abuse. He worked on issues of child marriages. He worked on a range of issues.

I remember when he was working on corporal punishment. He was doing research. My father used to run an NGO for children’s rights. It was working on child rights and doing research on corporal punishment.

Right as my father was working on it, my brother was badly beaten in his school. It was all over the news. My father made sure to not let this go; a child should not get beaten in school.

As a child, I viewed my father resisting oppression, resisting against class oppression. If his children were badly treated, then he was not simply letting this go away. He was making the world better for women, children, and other people.

He was vocal on the state’s policies regarding extremism and jihad. It was a time after 9/11. Now, Jihad is known as terrorism around the whole world. Back then, it was not viewed as terrorism as the whole world.

When it happened in Afghanistan, it was in the 1990s when the Taliban were ruling Afghanistan. Pakistan as a state had been supporting the Taliban and the jihadis. My father used to speak out against this saying the jihadism is terrorism. He was given a blasphemy case.

This was the most difficult time for us. Our father was booked for blasphemy. He was put in prison. He got released on bail later. He fought the case for seven years. After 9/11, of course, many things changed in the world. The Taliban were no longer seen as religious leaders, but as terrorist leaders.

My father’s case was dropped as a result. He was released. But it continues. One thing he taught us. You have to speak up for your rights. If you do not get your rights, in communities like this, you have to fight hard and speak for your rights. I was living in this kind of household.

My father was engaged in political movements, in civil society movements. He was working against class inequalities. He was working against religious extremism and for human rights. I was a child grown in an environment of human rights.

Our childhood story books were about equality. They were about rights. I read the Convention of the Rights of the Child when I was 11 years old or 12-years-old. I learned the CEDAW, the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women, from a very young age. My father taught the human rights perspective. This helped a lot in what I am doing today.

Jacobsen: Was the word “humanism” floating around at all?

Ismail: The word “humanist” has been known in different connotations in Pakistan. My father introduced me to the word “humanist.” I do not know when this word was floating in Pakistan. It was not an era of social media. It was not a tech-savvy time.

My father introduced me in 2005. I attended a human rights leadership course organized by an organization for women and girls. This course helped me unlearn so many things and boxes; I had learned or internalized growing up in my community.

This helped me unlearn stereotypes and vices. It was an amazing human rights course. Also, the course gave the questioning of everything, even questioning religion, questioning status quo, questioning institutions. I engaged in a lot of debates on religion with my father.

He was like, ‘It is time to introduce Humanism.’ He introduced me to the website. Now, it is known as Humanists International. Before, it was known as the International Humanist and Ethical Union or IHEU. He introduced me to the website of IHEU.

That’s when I was introduced to Humanism. Also, I became a member of the organization. I was running an organization called Aware Girls. We became a part of IHEU. That’s how I became introduced to the word Humanism.

In online spaces, the word may have been floating. These are very difficult times in Pakistan. These are the times when the religious extremism was increasingly growing in Pakistan. It was a time when 9/11 happened.

It was a time when the militant organizations were organizations themselves in Pakistan and organized themselves. It is not simply extremist organizations advanced narratives. Our state policy has been actively promoting religious intolerance and religious parties.

The Taliban were organizing, targeting, and killing people. By 2007, the Taliban had already occupied parts of Pakistan. Their suicide attacks already began in Pakistan. By 2007, our city was almost facing daily suicide attacks. Targeted killings were happening. Abductions were happening.

It was really a non-peaceful decade in our region. It was not an easy time to be there, to be openly a humanist or openly a non-religious person. Because if you’re openly a humanist, you could easily have been killed.

Even now, if you look at the statistics of Pakistan, you cannot come out as a non-religious person in Pakistan. You will be accused of blasphemy. You can be killed in mob violence. Many people have lost their lives in mob violence. The blasphemy laws in Pakistan are very regressive laws.

They are used against people who are critical of religion or who do not fit into the box of Wahhabi Islam, Wahhabi Sunni Islam. Sometimes, even to settle some scores, the law is used there. Then it was not easy to be a humanist and talk about it. It has never been easy.

There weren’t any humanist networks. It was much later when social media became very common. People started using Facebook and social media. Different social media groups were formed. We started connecting with other humanists and other non-religious people.

A few years ago, the person was behind – you know the story Scott – who was protesting and then was later arrested. The networks were disrupted later as well.

Jacobsen: When people think about the term atheist or agnostic, they more readily assume: if something negative is happening, then it is more serious. When people hear the term humanist and something negative happening to a humanist, my sense is there is less urgency around it.

Even though, there can be as much or more discrimination against them. You’re perfectly well-aware of this on a personal level. Why is that?

Ismail: In Pakistan, it doesn’t matter if you identify agnostic, atheist, or humanist. It doesn’t matter. You will face similar kinds of hostility. Mashal Khan who was killed in mob violence in university. He was killed three years ago. This young student, his Facebook profile is online to this day saying, “Humanist.”

He was accused of blasphemy. He was killed in mob violence by his own class fellows, by his own university fellows, brutally. It doesn’t matter as long as the box is non-religious, and the box is not Wahhabi Sunni Muslim. Then you are in danger in Pakistan.

Even if you are from a minority sect of Muslim, your life will be in danger. Ahmadi community in Pakistan recognize themselves as Muslim. The constitution of Pakistan states the Ahmadi sect is non-Muslim. It forbids them from saying that they are Muslims.

It forbids them from reading the Quran. They can be charged with blasphemy. There have been many riots in Pakistan against the Ahmadi community where the houses were burned, the Ahmadis were killed.

There were labels on shops in some parts of Pakistan saying, “Anyone, but Ahmadis and dogs, can enter here.” There is a huge persecution of Ahmadi Muslim communities in Pakistan. There are terrorist organizations, which can be banned terrorist organizations.

Nonetheless, they keep declaring the minority Muslim sect, Shia Islam, as non-Muslims. They keep saying, “They are non-Muslims. Therefore, they are apostates. Since they are apostates, they can be killed.” If you are in Pakistan in this box of Wahhabi Sunni Muslims, you are okay.

If any other box, then you are in trouble. If you are in any box that is non-religious, whether humanist, atheist, or agnostic, you will be in a difficult situation in Pakistan. In Pakistan, people are not aware of “humanism” as a term.

They will believe this is someone who believes in human values, human wellbeing, and for the betterment of humanity. They do not necessarily understand the meaning of humanist. If I say, “I am a humanist.” There will be very few people who would understand what the word “humanist” means, actually.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Co-Founder, Aware Girls.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-1; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Father’s Rights Activism in Pakistan, Humanism, and the International Humanist and Ethical Union/Humanists International: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1) [Online]. March 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-1.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, March 22). Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Father’s Rights Activism in Pakistan, Humanism, and the International Humanist and Ethical Union/Humanists International: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-1.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Father’s Rights Activism in Pakistan, Humanism, and the International Humanist and Ethical Union/Humanists International: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-1>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Father’s Rights Activism in Pakistan, Humanism, and the International Humanist and Ethical Union/Humanists International: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-1.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Father’s Rights Activism in Pakistan, Humanism, and the International Humanist and Ethical Union/Humanists International: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (March 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-1.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Father’s Rights Activism in Pakistan, Humanism, and the International Humanist and Ethical Union/Humanists International: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-1>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Father’s Rights Activism in Pakistan, Humanism, and the International Humanist and Ethical Union/Humanists International: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-1.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Father’s Rights Activism in Pakistan, Humanism, and the International Humanist and Ethical Union/Humanists International: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): March. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-1>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Gulalai Ismail on Father’s Rights Activism in Pakistan, Humanism, and the International Humanist and Ethical Union/Humanists International: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1) [Internet]. (2021, March 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/gulalai-ismail-1.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Saba Ismail on Family History in Pakistan, Gulalai Ismail, and Aware Girls: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,114

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Saba Ismail is a Co-Founder of Aware Girls. At the age of 15, she co-founded Aware Girls for the empowerment of young women in leadership capacities and to advance social change. She completed a Masters in Biotechnology from COMSATS University Abbot Asad and the Hurford Youth Fellowship with the National Endowment for Democracy. She has worked as Youth Ambassador for Asia Pacific Youth Network (APYN: 2012-2013), the Steering Committee of UNOY, and is an alumnus of the International Visitors Leadership Program in the United States. Ismail was recognized by Foreign Policy as one of the 100 Leader Global Thinkers in 2013. She is the recipient of the Chirac Prize for Conflict Prevention. She discusses: human rights and the family in Pakistan; and Gulalai Ismail and Aware Girls.

Keywords: Aware Girls, Convention on the Rights of the Child, girls’ rights, Gulalai Ismail, middle-class, Pakistan, Saba Ismail, The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, women’s rights.

Conversation with Saba Ismail on Family History in Pakistan, Gulalai Ismail, and Aware Girls: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted July 2, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: You come from Pakistan. You have a family history there. What is the family history there? What are some other contexts for your family, even farther back than your father for Pakistan and for human rights?

Saba Ismail[1],[2]: Gulalai and I come from a middle-class family. Our grandfather was an artisan. My father became a professor. He and my mother became activists. My mother is a housewife. We were brought up by our parents. We were born in a rural village in the Northwest of Pakistan. When I was 7-years-old, we had to leave the village to live.

My father was accused of liberalism and secularism. With his political ideologies, we had to leave our village. We moved to Peshawar. Since I remember, I have never been told or taught that I was different than my brothers.

My parents ensured equal opportunities with our brothers. We grew up in an environment where gender equality was not only preached. It was practiced, too. For example, as kids, in the area where we grew up, men don’t do the housework and the chores.

However, in our house, my brothers would clean the bathroom or elsewhere. Even for my cousins and other extended family members, it was a different situation. As we were growing up, our childhood stories were not about Cinderella or a prince coming to save the princess.

Our childhood stories were about the CEDAW (The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women), the UDHR or the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the Constitution of Pakistan.

Generally, in Pakistan, we don’t read about the Constitution in schools or in academia, or about general strikes, basically. There is nothing like this being taught in schools. At our home, our father taught basic human rights. My father used to have workshops with us.

We learned and were introduced to these concepts, whether the concept of secularism, Humanism, or human rights. Our father would give us a paragraph of a convention to read. We had to read a point and understand it, and interpret it to the rest of our siblings.

So, when people do training in the NGO sector, there are group activities and team-building activities. Our father used to do all of these growing up. While growing up, every day was learning and unlearning.

In our schools, we were taught people who were not Muslims had to be beheaded. It is the duty of Muslims to preach the religion. We were taught to hate people who are from other religious backgrounds.

We were taught a Muslim should not share a cup or anything, e.g., a utensil, with a non-Muslim. Muslims should not shake hands with non-Muslims because non-Muslims are dirty. We were introduced to these concepts in academia, in the schooling system, and in our society, generally.

At home, we were taught everyone is equal. Everyone has rights. You cannot hate someone based on their religious identity. It was difficult for a child to learn a completely different set of values at home; a completely different set of things taught than things taught in society, in school, and in the media.

I remember when I was young. We always had hard print newspapers at home. I remember reading descriptions for the government jobs, a sweeper job, for example.

They would want a non-Muslim. It was a requirement. If someone has to apply for a sweeper position, their religion should not be Muslim. This was the type of thing. These were the kinds of things that we were learning from media.

When they advertised these advertisements for jobs in the newspaper, when you read it, and integrate it, and then get a completely different set of things at home, in the public space, you had to cover up and behave publicly.

Boys would go out in public. But we were not allowed, not by family, but the society. Our family was worried about men dominating society. We lived in completely different worlds at one time.

Because our father knew if he introduced us to these concepts at a young age, only then would we become different human beings. Then these concepts, without them, we wouldn’t be who we are today.

Both of our parents, our mother is a housewife. She has been to school, but only until 3rd or 4th grade. She ended up not continuing her education because there was no girls’ school in her area. Her father didn’t allow girls to go to another village for education.

My mother ended up not going to school and not getting an education. When we were being brought up, like both of our parents gave support, our father had the ideological side, the mind. Our mother was the one more implementing the ideas of the children.

Her focus was on education and learning all these different things from our father. My mother would do the housework at all hours, so we would have enough time on our hands and could do all these different things.

They invested their time. They invested their energy in bringing up all of their children. Also, what our father did differently, in the patriarchal and male dominant society, he would take Gulalai and I to different programs.

He used to work in collaboration with different NGOs, INGOs, etc. We used to go to the events that were organized by our father’s organization and participate in them. We were, actually, exposed to and had the opportunity to meet women who were leading an NGO and were in positions of power.

Also, he showed us. Women don’t have to do what society is telling them. The roles and responsibilities of society. It was, ‘We can be like them.’ He showed us, role models, from a young age.

For us, growing up, it was different compared to other girls and women. Also, we saw that our father also stood up for girls’ education within our family. Our own cousins were not allowed to go to school or to go to college to continue their studies.

What our father did, he would talk to the parents. He would say, “I am a parent. They can come to our house. They can stay for a few days.” Sometimes, he would not tell them about being a professor. He would teach them.

They would spend some time with us and help with household things, or spend time with our cousins. It was excused to let these girls have months, sometimes, at our house. My father would teach them everything.

He would enroll our cousins in colleges or schools. Sometimes, in Pakistan, people can give private exams. If they don’t have to go to school or college to study classes, they study at home and only give the exams and pass.

We saw our parents. If other girls from our family were not allowed to go to schools or colleges, then they became able to develop ideas. They did the best that they could do in their capacity to make sure some girls can have degrees.

I’ve never seen someone standing up for other girls in a way trying to create opportunities for other girls as well in our family. This was the kind of childhood and family for us. As I said earlier, it was not only about teaching us concepts, but showing us.

They showed us. You can stand up for someone’s education and be creative. You can help other women doing this other work. You can be like that. This was early childhood. We grew up and had our own ideologies. Our father drove and mentored us, in our work.

Jacobsen: Your name should be as prominent as Gulalai, but is not as prominent as Gulalai. In light of the fact, you co-founded Aware Girls with her. Which is interesting, when people think of prodigies, they think of some mathematical or scientific pursuit.

But I don’t see prodigy applied to morals or rights-based prodigies as much. Gulalai, your sister, and you seem to me like former moral prodigies. Because you co-founded Aware Girls as adolescents.

In a country, Pakistan, rated among the worst in the world for the status of women and girls, so, what was the driver in the context of all this upbringing and experience with women leaders, and so on, for founding Aware Girls? What was the inspiration there?

Ismail: The inspiration was one of our cousins who dropped out of school one day. She was told that she was not allowed anymore. One day, she was told, “Okay, you can’t go to school. Because you’re getting married to a man who was 15 years an elder to her.”

We were too young. I was 13. Gulalai was 12 at that time. We couldn’t do anything. We were already teenagers. We didn’t understand the contexts of a lot of these. We wanted to help. But we couldn’t at that time.

We were like, “What can we do so other girls do not have to go through this?” We have seen dreams shattered. When our cousin used to come to our house, she used to wear pants and shirts of our brothers and act as a pilot.

You see someone so closely. They’re desperate and passionate about something. Then their dreams were gotten destroyed because of their gender. They have to get married because girls are a burden to their parents, and at a young age as well.

We knew it was wrong. But we didn’t know how to fix it, at that time. We had to do something. That was the inspiration, which led to the foundation of Aware Girls. Now, you mentioned Gulalai is more prominent.

One of the reasons I tell people. It does come across. It is not a competition among sisters. We are best working together as a team. She has certain skills. When she’s passionate, she is seen as a spokesperson who can articulate things.

My set of skills comes at a different level. I’m better at the managerial level, managing finances and office management. I am not saying Gulalai is not organized. I am saying I am more organized and structured at the organizational level.

People with different personalities. We have one sister who is a better storyteller. Gulalai is more like a better storyteller. This is the best fit for us. It worked well in Pakistan. Like I said, I took on certain roles and responsibilities, which I liked.

It was never a competition. Who is more prominent or well-known? It wasn’t there. When Gulalai gets an award, it’s my award. When Gulalai gets recognition, it’s my recognition. We were never separate individuals in that way. My siblings would all tease me. Saying, “You’re her secretary.”

When we were too young, my siblings would say, “How much is your salary because you always take her side, never say anything against her?” We were siblings. We used to fight. Gulalai used to always be on my side. I used to always be on her side.

We are one year apart. We were like twins. We went to the same school. We went to the same university. It happened almost at the same place. Our exposure and travel together to different countries. We were and are a good team; we are good together.

We complement each other so much. Also, we understand each other. We are the closest siblings. This is my answer to this person. It is more important what the organization, Aware Girls, is doing. What work are we doing? Who will it impact?

Rather than focusing on, “Who is the speaker?” People have different skill-sets. Gulalai is good at managing social media and public speaking, and saying opinions on different things. This is the good thing about us. Each has a skill set.

We become strong. It was good for the institution, for the organization. It was one thing. Everything we have achieved; we have achieved together. As I said, she has a different skill-set. I have a different skill-set.

I am working from here. Even with Covid-19, people working remotely. In the US, I used to work with Gulalai remotely. That’s it. That’s the inspiration that we got from our own family, our own cousins.

These are the things that we have done together. We co-founded the organization. We have been through thick and thin together. We had to move places. It all started years ago. We were all being harassed and persecuted, had to relocate ourselves, relocate our office, and so on.

We have been doing it. The impact that we had was really important for us.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Co-Founder, Aware Girls.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-1; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Family History in Pakistan, Gulalai Ismail, and Aware Girls: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1) [Online]. March 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-1.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, March 22). Conversation with Saba Ismail on Family History in Pakistan, Gulalai Ismail, and Aware Girls: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-1.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Family History in Pakistan, Gulalai Ismail, and Aware Girls: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-1>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Family History in Pakistan, Gulalai Ismail, and Aware Girls: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-1.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Saba Ismail on Family History in Pakistan, Gulalai Ismail, and Aware Girls: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (March 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-1.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Saba Ismail on Family History in Pakistan, Gulalai Ismail, and Aware Girls: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-1>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Saba Ismail on Family History in Pakistan, Gulalai Ismail, and Aware Girls: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-1.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Saba Ismail on Family History in Pakistan, Gulalai Ismail, and Aware Girls: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): March. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-1>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Saba Ismail on Family History in Pakistan, Gulalai Ismail, and Aware Girls: Co-Founder, Aware Girls (1) [Internet]. (2021, March 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/saba-ismail-1.

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Conversation with Donald Wayne Stoner on Family, Life, Love, and Reality: Member, Epimetheus Society

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 22, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 8,815

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Donald Wayne Stoner is an Author, a Physicist, and a Software Engineer. He is a Member of the Epimetheus Society and One-in-a-Thousand Society. He discusses: growing up; family legacy; the rest of the family; experience with peers and schoolmates; professional certifications, qualifications, and trainings; some work experiences; job path; important aspects of the idea of the gifted and geniuses; myths that pervade the cultures of the world; treatment of geniuses; the greatest geniuses in history; purpose of intelligence tests; high intelligence; some of the tests taken and scores earned; the range of the scores; a genius from a profoundly intelligent person; the God concept; science; ethical philosophy; social philosophy; economic philosophy; political philosophy; metaphysics; worldview-encompassing philosophical system; the mystery and transience of life; meaning in life; meaning; an afterlife; and love.

Keywords: afterlife, Biblical Christian, Donald Wayne Stoner, Epimetheus Society, love, One-in-a-Thousand Society, physics, reality.

Conversation with Donald Wayne Stoner on Family, Life, Love, and Reality: Member, Epimetheus Society

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: When you were growing up, what were some of the prominent family stories being told over time?

Donald Wayne Stoner[1],[2]*: How detailed a response would you like? There have been quite a few books written by and about my ancestors. My grandfather’s book of family stories is here:

http://dstoner.net/Science_Speaks/oneman.html

For a very brief outline of what part of my family has been up to:

My Dad was a Caltech Mechanical Engineer who never stopped adding to his education. Our house was a playground of books and odd equipment. My Mom was a school teacher who took a crash course in physics and electronics during WWII, in order to get a good summer job.

They met at Oak Ridge, TN, while they were both working on the Manhattan project:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Stoner-640

My Paternal Grandfather was a Mathematics and Astronomy Professor, inventor, and author:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Stoner

His father, “C.C.” was a Civil War soldier, then a Judge, then served on the Kansas assembly. More:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Stoner-635

The “Stoner” line carried the surname “Steiner” before we emigrated from Switzerland to the Colony of Pennsylvania, probably in 1738. The fellow who made the move was Johannes John Steiner (in local records, there is a double “n” in “Johannes”). He lived from 1673 to 1758. The Swiss records:

https://archive.org/stream/listswissemigrant01fausrich/listswissemigrant01fausrich_djvu.txt

use a single “n” in “Johanes.” The intent of the surname-change was, probably, so we would blend in better. That worked until about 1968 when the meaning of “Stoner” changed.

We were descended from Ashkenazim Jews (Ashkenazim being Yiddish for “German), who have family records dating back to the early 1400s. For the details, work back from here:

https://www.geni.com/people/Peter-Stoner/6000000034847136199

C.C.’s wife was the daughter of a well-known evangelist, Peter Winebrenner:

https://www-personal.umich.edu/~bobwolfe/gen/pn/p8667.htm

Who was the nephew of the preacher John Winebrenner, whose name many churches still bear:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winebrenner

Jacobsen: I presume this family legacy provided a sense of an extended self.

Stoner: Indeed it did. Of course, I’m focusing on the highlights. It wasn’t all perfect. For example, C.C.  short for “Christian Cowen,” Cowen being his middle name, and his mother’s maiden name), didn’t have much good to say about his parents.

Jacobsen: What about the rest of the family?

Stoner: I’ve mentioned some examples: Engineer, teacher, technician, scientist, inventor, author, soldier, judge, politician, evangelist, and preacher. Add to that: consultant, programmer, farmer, jeweler, lawyer, contractor, homesteader, pitch scraper, artist, musician, and you have a start at it. Most of them came to the eastern “U.S.” from various parts of Europe. Most worked their way west by wagons or trains.

If you let me get started, I’ll probably overload you with my own stories. For example, at least presently, all of my children and grandchildren have Cherokee mitochondria (which is always completely from the mother’s side).

Jacobsen: How was the experience with peers and schoolmates as a child and an adolescent?

Stoner: Not very pleasant, at least in grade school; but I won’t waste any time complaining about that. Occasionally I had an outstanding teacher, and that made a great deal of difference. My third grade teacher suggested that my Mom teach me algebra at home. My Mom did that for a while, then switched to getting me books and materials for studying electronics. My Grandfather gave me a book on how to build simple calculating devices and computers. A 10th grade math teacher took the class to study a now-antique drum-memory computer at the local community college. I wrote a binary program that ran on it, and was immediately hooked. A 12th grade physics teacher started an after-school physics club and taught us some relativity and quantum mechanics. He also entered some of us in a state-wide (California) physics competition for which I received very little recognition outside of my physics class. At graduation, when various student’s names and accomplishments were listed, the last announcement was, “and one of these students placed fifth in a state-wide physics competition.” I turned to my “assigned walking partner” (I didn’t know enough girls to line one up for myself) and told her “that was me.” I doubt she believed me. The hard-core nerds thought I was cool, but I wasn’t usually respected by many of the other students.

College was better. The students who had made trouble were all gone. I majored in physics (and also math and chemistry during the first few semesters). I also took every computer class I could squeeze in. The local community college had an IBM system 360, which impressed me enough that I started building a computer of my own in my bedroom. My dad helped me run down parts for it. As much of it as I ever finished appeared to work correctly. (I still have it on a shelf in my garage, right next to many other complete and working computers which I have designed and built since then. Electronics has advanced so rapidly, that my first attempt became obsolete before it was completed. My most recent addition is thousands of times smaller, thousands of times faster, thousands of times cheaper, and indescribably more useful.)

One of the requirements for a degree in physics was a “bone-head” electronics class. I sat through the first lecture and asked the professor if I could just take the final. He smiled at me as said he’d like for me to look over some notes first. He gave me a thick stack of pre-Xerox copies and I took them home and started looking them over. My immediate reaction was that I had made a serious mistake. I was already learning new stuff in the first ten pages. I decided to stick it out anyway, and worked my way through the stack a couple of times, until I thought I understood what it said.

It had taken about two weeks, so I was a little worried that he might ask me why it took so long. He didn’t ask; he just smiled again and gave me the test. There were five problems. The first one was a shock. I had learned to use differential equations in my physics classes, but I had no idea that they could be applied to electronic circuits as well. I looked at the other four problems; they were even harder. After some experimenting, I figured out how to apply the equations to the first problem. It worked, and I experienced a bit of hope. The second problem was a little harder; but it eventually gave up its secrets and I had its solution as well. The third problem stopped me. I wrote about a page of notes explaining how I would set up the problem, but explained that I had no idea how to work the math. The last two problems were hopeless. I gave up, turned the test in, and explained to the professor that I had not done as well as I had hoped.

He smiled again and asked what I would like to do for the lab part of the class. Seeing a possible opportunity, I told him about the computer I was building, and asked if figuring out how to read and write data into, and back out of, its core memory would be a good enough project. He agreed that it would be an acceptable substitute. I had the use of a well-equipped electronics lab for the whole semester! I managed to get enough of it working that I was able to write up a paper to turn in, which explained how the memory worked. He agreed this met the lab requirements.

During that semester I had repeatedly asked him how I had done on the test. All I could get out of him was, “I’m sure you passed,” and the same smile. It wasn’t until the last day of class, when I was cleaning up my bench in the lab, and the rest of the students were going over their finals with the professor that I figured out that I had just had a brilliant practical joke played on me. Years later, when I compared notes with my friends who had received degrees in electrical engineering, I learned I was better prepared than they were.

When it came time to graduate, my “grad check” reported that I was one general education unit shy of graduation. This was due to my having had a math class “waved.” (I had taken it at a different college; they had waved the requirement but hadn’t transferred the units. I hadn’t bothered to do the math and hadn’t realized that this could become a problem.)

Since I had planned on leaving school and starting my life at that point, that’s what I did. A friend (who, unlike myself, was now a degreed physicist) asked if he should look for a job for me. I told him I thought I would be happy just doing fun stuff; but to keep my options open, I suggested that if a really cool job came up, maybe he should give me a call to check to see if I was hungry.

Jacobsen: What have been some professional certifications, qualifications, and trainings earned by you.

Stoner: Pretty close to noting. My inventions (mostly applications of A.I. to embedded-system computers) eventually earned me a pair of patents which seemed to impress potential employers; but I didn’t go back to finish my degree until a “real” publisher decided to pick up one of my books. Since it was a controversial book, heavily relating to science, I thought a degree in physics might look better than nothing next to my name.

By that time, one of my old professors was the head of the physics department, and he didn’t see a problem, so I retook the offending math class (a quick summer course) and they mailed me a signed piece of paper that purported to be a degree in physics. No employer ever seemed to care very much about it, but it was, technically, a bit of certification. My book was published, and I started to be regarded (and

occasionally quoted) as an “authority” in many of the different technical fields which I had addressed. The book’s controversial nature gained me at least as much notoriety as fame.

Jacobsen: What have been some work experiences and jobs held by you?

Stoner: Roughly in order: draftsman, aerospace electronics designer, [college fits in here] musician, sound system designer, ditch digger, optical disc engineer, programmer, inventor, embedded system consultant, author, lecturer, toy electronics engineer, semi retired, retired. This list reminds me of the spread of occupations covered by various members of my extended family.

Jacobsen: Why on earth did you pursue this particular job path?

Stoner: There was no consistent strategy: I’ve always just done whatever I thought was most needed (in different situations) at each time. Originally I worked for my Dad’s engineering company, doing whatever he needed at the time. But during college, I became interested in a local church-startup, which had caught my interest. By the end of college, I was doing more volunteer work for the church than studying. This included performing music and maintaining sound equipment for churches and evangelical groups of musicians.

I didn’t really have all that much use for money, until I asked a drop-dead gorgeous young lady (with a similar family background to my own) to marry me. I hadn’t warned her that I was thinking in those terms, so she was kind of shocked (understatement) when I asked her. Since, at the very least, I was expecting her to ask if I had any plans to get a real job, so I could support her, I was also kind of shocked (literal clinical “shock” would be a more accurate description) when she immediately and enthusiastically accepted. (In case, you hadn’t already guessed. She’s part Cherokee, on her mother’s side, straight up the female lineage — as are all of my grand kids, since my son’s have not yet produced any grand kids as of this writing.)

I started working on an early power-line carrier invention of a friend of the family who was an electrician. He had a contract to install some underground conduit which would ultimately use this invention, but what he needed immediately was to get some ditches dug. It was a job, and it would cover the immediate bills while I finished his invention.

Unfortunately, that friend died before we finished either the job or the invention. My bride to be went through with the wedding anyway, and we were off to what could have been a very bad start.

Fortunately, one morning, the phone rang. It was my “physicist” friend from college. He asked me if I was hungry. I answered, truthfully, that I actually was hungry. Having received my go-ahead, the next item on his agenda was that he had found that “really cool job” and wondered if I could please come in and apply for it. I did; and I immediately became a member of the team that was in the process of developing the “optical” disc. (These were later called CDs DVDs and a few other more familiar names). While I was there, microprocessors first hit the market. I was the only member of the team who had electronics, computer, and programming experience, so I became a paid participant in a new and wildly growing profession. For details, see:

http://blamld.com/DiscoVision/DiscoVision_History.htmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DiscoVision

As a relevant aside, Kevin Langdon’s L.A.I.T. came out while I was still working there. That company had intelligent management who, consequently, knew how to pick out intelligent engineers (even those who had questionable education and work experience). Kevin’s test was an immediate hit with all the engineers, who began copying it and passing it around. We were having so much fun with it, that it probably cost the project a day or two of lost work. I played with it long enough to acquire the reputation of being up to Langdon’s standards, which meant something even in that highly cerebral environment.

When the project was completed. All of the managers and engineers found work elsewhere. I soon found myself with large base of clients who all needed consulting help in the new field of embedded-systems microprocessor engineering.

Jacobsen: What are some of the more important aspects of the idea of the gifted and geniuses?

Stoner: There are only two really important categories:

1) Learning to survive: No one is expecting you; they have probably never met anyone like you before; they may not even really believe you exist. Furthermore, they are as different from you as you are from them; you may see them daily, but it may be difficult to comprehend how different they might be. Those other people will do unexpected things, and you can’t let your surprise show. The easiest way to tick people off is to let any implied “contrast” in abilities slip. You either have to master patience or become a hermit. Either path is a “short drive” to becoming “crazy.” For details, see: “The Outsiders”:

https://prometheussociety.org/wp/articles/the-outsiders/

I was lucky in this category. My extended family has always been like me and have understood me. I also fell into many professional circles in which I felt quite “at home.”

2) Learning to be useful: The “Peter Parker principle” (popularized by Spider-Man) says, “With great power comes great responsibility.” The proverb dates back to earlier times, and different contexts, but the general message is that we all owe something to the rest of society. Being a hermit is, arguably, a waste of our entire existence; but trying to help others is risky at best. The average person can’t tell the difference between a “prophet from God,” and a “heretic from the Devil.” Both are likely to get themselves crucified. There is a risk anytime you can “see” things which other people can’t.

Erwin Schro:dinger’s “cat” and Fred Hoyle’s “big bang” were both terms used to deride the sources of those ideas. More experiments eventually vindicated both ideas. But that vindication took many years. Those who take a stand, do so at their own risk. Those who don’t, risk the consequences of shirking their responsibility.

Again, I have been acceptably lucky. I have been in the wrong place at the right time, with sufficient frequency, to have made what difference I can; and have certainly earned my fair share of both derision and respect.

Jacobsen: Those myths that pervade the cultures of the world. What are those myths? What truths dispel them?

Stoner: I can make an enemy anytime I want to by identifying any one of those myths. I’ve certainly tried often enough to do this. Some pastors think my book “A New Look at an Old Earth” contains God’s Holy Truth. Others consider it the Devil’s own heresy:

http://web.archive.org/web/20170606063247/http://answers.org/newlook/index.htm

https://www.amazon.com/Earth-Resolving-Conflict-Between-Science/dp/1565075951

“Truths” do not normally dispel “myths.” Otherwise, Schro:dinger and Hoyle’s “truths” would have won the day. When we are lucky, additional “evidence” will eventually prevail, as it eventually did with quantum mechanics and big-bang cosmology.

Jacobsen: When you think of the ways in which the geniuses of the past have either been mocked, vilified, and condemned if not liked, or praised, flattered, platformed, and revered, what seems like the reason for the extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses? Many alive today seem camera shy — many not at all.

 Stoner: People like being told they’re right; they don’t like being told they’re wrong. Converting those who are wrong may be difficult or impossible. We all face different audiences; We have different abilities; We each choose our battles; And we get whatever results we get.

Jacobsen: Who seem like the greatest geniuses in history to you?

Stoner: That would, obviously, be whoever’s thoughts matched whatever I happen to be thinking at the moment. [sarcasm warning required?] Seriously, I’m in no position to rank the greatness of any minds which are greater than my own. Instead, I’ll answer an easier question: I’ll identify some men who have actually caused me to change my thinking: [or you could simply ask a follow-up question …]

Albert Einstein: Convinced me that my classical concepts of space and time were completely wrong.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity

John Wheeler: Convinced me that my classical understanding of [the] relationship between “time,” “causality,” and “human observation” was impossible.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheeler%27s_delayed-choice_experiment

C.S. Lewis: Convinced me that it was impossible for valid human thought to be produced in a causal environment.

Chapter 3: https://www.amazon.com/Miracles-C-S-Lewis/dp/0060653019/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=miracles+lewis&qid=1609788881&s=books&sr=1-1

Roger Penrose: Convinced me that (and showed me how) “uncaused” human thought could “cause” physical events.

Chapter 6: https://www.amazon.com/Shadows-Mind-Missing-Science-Consciousness/dp/0195106466

Thomas Sowell: Convinced me that differences in human conclusions (e.g. liberal and conservative) result from fundamentally different world views.

https://www.amazon.com/Conflict-Visions-Ideological-Political-Struggles/dp/0465002056/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=conflict+of+visions&qid=1609788987&s=books&sr=1-1

Donald Johanson: Convinced me (with his detailed photos and descriptions) that neither Dawkins, Gould, nor my church had evolutionary “jumps” straight.

https://www.amazon.com/Lucy-Language-Revised-Updated-Expanded/dp/0743280644/ref=sr_1_5?dchild=1&keywords=johanson+lucy&qid=1609789059&s=books&sr=1-5

Bill Watterson: Convinced me that sometimes I just need to relax and enjoy the ride.

https://www.amazon.com/Complete-Calvin-Hobbes-Bill-Watterson/dp/1449433251/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=bill+watterson&qid=1610415995&sr=8-1

Jacobsen: What is the purpose of intelligence tests to you?

Stoner: Mostly no purpose. They generally tend to cause more trouble than good. However, there is at least one exception.

Once, one of my daughters was having trouble quickly sorting guys who were or weren’t “mentally challenged.” (Not really too surprising.) I remembered Langdon’s L.A.I.T. and went looking for it on the internet. Instead, I found Hoeflin’s Power Test. I printed a few copies for may daughter and kept one for myself (to make myself an “answer key”). My daughter decided against using it, but I had been having enough trouble at work (not always understanding or being understood) that I decided to send off my answers (with a check) and see how I’d do. I had kept track of my rate of answering the problems, and how often I had found an error in those answers; from this information, I had calculated that there were probably still two wrong answers left, at the time I mailed it. Dr. Hoeflin scored me with four misses. I didn’t like that, but it was still a good enough score to get into some societies. I joined a couple of them and actually made a few cool internet friends that way. That gave me a chance to try arguing some of my ideas with some people who were prepared to give me at least as hard a time as I could give them. Eventually, I decided the exercise was a learning one, and well worth doing. (This is the one exception noted above.) Over the next few months I located the two mistakes I was expecting to find. Much later I noticed that another problem had multiple possible answers. I wrote to Dr. Hoeflin Explaining this, but wasn’t really expecting the answer I didn’t receive. Recently, I noticed that the problem in question had been changed on the copy of that test which is still on the internet. I don’t know if there was a connection or not. In any case, attempting to measure high-end intelligence is, at best, a “black art.”

Jacobsen: When was high intelligence discovered for you? 

Stoner: My mom told me she was watching me the first time I got a chance to play with my big sister’s blocks after that sister had finished. I was wondering if it would be possible to build “a tower” with them.

(It looked like it might be.) Well it was, but I remember being too clumsy to get the height I’d hoped for. Years later, when my mom told me about it, she also explained how it compared with what she had read

in child development books. But, of course, you can never trust a mother bragging about her own kids. Besides, she also told me that my sisters were all geniuses. I was sure that couldn’t be correct — except that, since then, I’ve watched my sisters grow up. In hindsight, it appears that you also can’t trust a brother complaining about his own sisters.

There were other clues: I was singled out as an artist in kindergarten; I’ve mentioned my 3rd grade teacher suggesting my mom teach me algebra. I had the best score at my jr. high school on a math placement test. There was the state physics competition, and the professor who handed me the effective equivalent of an advanced electrical engineering degree as a practical joke. Those around me often seem to have figured it out quite a bit faster than I ever did. What may have first clued me in was when the L.A.I.T. showed up at the lab where I was working — when I saw some of the actual problems. They were all very hard; but most of them had clear solutions.

A friend of mine once rescued a baby bird who was being pecked to death by a flock of adult birds. While he was trying to figure out what to feed it, he was informed that his young pet was actually a hawk. Maybe the way some of my peers treated me, early on, makes more sense than I could have guessed at the time. I did end up with more than my share of “life’s prizes,” which normal people tend to want to keep for themselves.

Jacobsen: What have been some of the tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations) for you?

Stoner: My strategy for not acting creepy and ticking people off includes not publishing that kind of information. If anyone cares enough to do their own research, my raw score on the H.P.T. was 32; The other details can be found here:  http://miyaguchi.4sigma.org/index.html (I personally don’t endorse any high-end normings; I strongly suspect all are inflated; otherwise no one would like those tests.)

Jacobsen: What is the range of the scores for you? 

Stoner: I haven’t taken all that many of them, and their scores have differed greatly from each other. The lowest I’ve ever scored was under 120 (above average but not “gifted”), and the highest was on the H.P.T.

Jacobsen: What differentiates a genius from a profoundly intelligent person? Is profound intelligence necessary for genius?

Stoner: I’m not even sure what those two terms mean anymore. In the 1600s, Shakespeare’s plays and the King James Bible kind of canonized the English language. Before that, spelling was kind of free-for-all, and it was difficult to read works which preceded one’s own time by more than fifty years. With “political-correctness,” we’re sliding back into that morass again; words no longer have stable meanings. The I.Q. categories used to be: >=140: genius, >=160: high genius, >=180: highest genius, >=200: unmeasurable genius. Today there doesn’t appear to be any universally agreed-upon definition for either of your terms. Examples:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4XMlhCfp3Q

https://wondergressive.com/the-profound-intelligence-and-intuition-of-elephants/

I’m guessing that if you defined those two terms for me, I would simply use your definitions as the answer to your own question. [or questions]

Jacobsen: Any thoughts on the God concept or gods idea and philosophy, theology, and religion?

Stoner: Yes, quite a few: I happen to be a “biblical” Christian (although I’m widely regarded to be something of a heretic, probably because I also study science and history before I make decisions about what that Bible means). For example, I believe that the first chapter of Genesis needs to be understood in the context of both 5000-year-old Sumerian writing and the best information we have from current cosmology.

I wrote a book on the age of the earth explaining how this works:

http://web.archive.org/web/20170606063247/http://answers.org/newlook/index.htm

https://www.amazon.com/Earth-Resolving-Conflict-Between-Science/dp/1565075951

I have also posted a short web page explaining the remainder of Genesis, in the context of ancient Sumerian language and history:

http://www.dstoner.net/Genesis_Context/Context.html

Pastors and others who can be persuaded to change their minds often think my writings could save many Christians’ credibility from self-destruction. Those who are unwilling, or unable, to change their beliefs might actually consider “me” to be a threat to Christianity itself (as if that were possible). Unfortunately, most of the latter’s beliefs appear to be grounded in the science and philosophy of about A.D. 1500-1700.  I believe that combining modern understanding with the language and history in which the biblical writings were originally created is a much better approach.

It is my belief that “the Church” has been too slow ditching the ideas of Descartes and Newton, in favor of those of Einstein and Wheeler. Secular philosophers also seem to show the same reluctance to change, but in their case, it’s more easily understood: Not only is it true that modern physics: (general relativity, the Bell experiment, the big bang, …) give back all the ground that God supposedly yielded during the so-called “enlightenment” (circa 1600-1800), it’s also true that modern science doesn’t really even make sense, until we discard many of the philosophical structures which were created under naturalistic, causal, Newtonian mechanics. In one form or another, God” is back, whether or not either camp is willing to recognize “Him” in his real-world embodiment. For more detail, see my online book: Who Designed God?:

http://www.dstoner.net/Philosophy_Religion/WDG.html

Jacobsen: How much does science play into the worldview for you?  

Stoner: Quite heavily. Science is, arguably, inseparable from my worldview. I am, after all, (finally) a “degreed physicist;” (although that is not actually a significant fraction of my scientific education. My chemistry and other science classes didn’t really make that much difference either.)

It started with my home environment: When I was in about the third grade, my dad started a local science club. This meant we always had plenty of interesting scientific equipment scattered around the house. This, coupled with a remarkable collection of readily available science books and other reference materials, got me started on many unsupervised projects of questionable safety. Mixing this kind of activity in with toy trucks and Monopoly games kept science a very real part of my early world. At about the same time, my dad also started taking me to the “Alumni” lectures at Caltech every year until he died. After that, my wife’s uncle, also a Caltech graduate, filled that gap by taking me to those lectures.

For another significant contribution: About forty years ago I was asked to teach a class on the first chapter of Genesis at the church I then attended. That first chapter addresses the history of the universe in approximately the same order in which the 500-579 section of a Dewey Decimal system Library is arranged. This coincidence made it convenient to organize my research by simply reading through that section of the local county library in its natural physical order.

Although I had formal training in physics, chemistry, and mathematics (and the one college biology class), and had been an avid reader of all kinds of scientific material, I realized I was still pretty ignorant of most of what I might need to know for the class. I really needed to fill in the holes.

Time was limited: (I had exactly eight full-time weeks budgeted). To help keep the task manageable, I mostly skipped over the physics and chemistry sections, figuring I was probably sufficiently well-informed there. I also skipped 580-599 just because those parts weren’t sufficiently relevant. To further thin the load: I used Isaac Asimov, as a guide. Dr. Asimov was still alive and writing at the time. He had already written so many books that he had some kind of introductory layman’s guide, spaced maybe about one for every ten or twenty running feet of books — all through the whole science section. Each of his books would introduce me to the key names and events in each division. I would start reading his book, then some of the more significant books, which he had mentioned. Next I would “chain” my way outward, using that additional information, until the authors were all beginning to repeat each other. I would also “judge books by their covers;” skipping over old, scientifically-dated books, among others.

Toward the end of those weeks, I was starting to notice that the authors in one section often appeared to be unaware of what authors in other sections had written. For one example, the geologists appeared not to have read what the astronomers had written about how the early earth lost its original atmosphere; otherwise, they would have had only one theory, instead of two, to explain how this had happened. I used this single theory in my own book (mentioned and linked in the previous question) which I wrote after teaching this class (to document my research and to make it available others). Here is a brief web page which includes the one single theory I had accepted:

http://www.dstoner.net/Math_Science/Solar.html

After teaching the class and writing the controversial book, I received quite an extreme range of reactions (including being vilified and revered). I’ve been invited to speak and debate; I’ve also been “negatively featured” in the works of many who disagree with me. Although I’ve never actually been kicked out of a church, I don’t always feel completely welcome in every one.

This blended approach to science and theology is actually a continuation of my family legacy. My grandfather, Peter Stoner, wrote a book which was similar in many ways but was directed to a different (nearly exactly opposite, in fact) target audience:

Science Speaks

http://sciencespeaks.dstoner.net/

https://www.amazon.com/Science-Speaks-Peter-W-Stoner/dp/0802476309

Jacobsen: What ethical philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Stoner: For most of us, the concepts of “right” and “wrong” seem to be, more or less, universally understood. The “Golden Rule” states: “Do to others whatever you would like them to do to you.” This rule is generally regarded to be the best summary of what morality requires. It was taught by Kung Fu Tzu (in the Sayings of Confucius 5:12), the Buddha (in the Dhammapada #129), Jesus (in Matthew 7:12, and Luke 6:31), and by many others. This Rule is not unique to any particular culture or religion; it is something which nearly everyone seems to understand.

Even so, the claim is often made that the terms “right” and “wrong” have no absolute meanings. “The Trolley Problem” is one of many exercises which are designed to support this claim; it forces a person to decide between two choices – both of which are obviously “wrong.” The two options are deliberately balanced to make the choice difficult; the specific options which are normally given in The Trolley Problem are: killing five helpless people by inaction (letting a runaway trolley crush them) or: taking action and killing one helpless person (switching the trolley onto a different track). When presented with these two options, most people will choose to save the five by actively killing the one – but some will argue that inaction is the better choice. Does this prove that moral standards differ – and that morality is, therefore, not really absolute?

In real life, people seldom encounter such extreme choices. They usually consider it their moral responsibility to look far enough ahead to anticipate situations where only bad options remain; once identified, they try to avoid those situations by disarming potential problems while other options are still available.

But this example is still an interesting way to explore what could happen in a situation where very small differences in judgment can produce opposite choices. Those differences can actually be as small as different life experiences. A medical doctor who has worked under wartime triage conditions, for example, may find it easier to make rapid life-and-death decisions (based on mere numbers) than a Hollywood stuntman – who might need to see convincing proof that the five aren’t just stunt dummies before he “takes action” to murder the one real actor.

For more detail, see Chapter Thirteen: The Weird Nature of Morality, here:

http://www.dstoner.net/Philosophy_Religion/WDG2017.01.10.pdf

Jacobsen: What social philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Stoner: My first choice would definitely be living like a hermit. But “God” doesn’t leave me alone when I try it. “He” even enlisted help (in the form of the aforementioned jaw-dropping, nerd-kissing babe). She tends to make sure I live my “social” life by a philosophy which I would, by my own selfish nature, naturally avoid. I do not consider this to be an “error,” even though it is outside of my comfort zone; it is an acceptable compromise in the direction of social (and moral) responsibility.

When possible, I prefer to fulfill my social responsibilities by doing quiet, secluded research, from which others are likely to benefit.

Jacobsen: What economic philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Stoner: Ever since we left the hunter-gatherer phase of our existence, and then moved past the “traditional” nomadic/village existence, there have really only been two choices (or possibly three, counting the various attempted combinations): 1) Capitalism: Let it all take care of itself, and accept the consequences (for better and for worse) which Charles Darwin promised. 2) Socialism: Have someone take care of it all by force, and accept the consequences (so far, always a disaster, but the idea always promises hope): the mutant degradation, also promised by Darwin’s thesis — if not properly implemented anywhere in nature.

I’m solidly with Darwin on this one. Darwin’s other stuff appears to work as advertised with two notable (but presently irrelevant) exceptions:

A) The first living cell: http://www.dstoner.net/Math_Science/cell1.html

B) Punctuated equilibrium: http://www.dstoner.net/Philosophy_Religion/SurMom.html

Jacobsen: What political philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Stoner: I am of the opinion that humans are barely capable of governing themselves, and completely incapable of governing each other. Winston Churchill probably had it straight: “Democracy is the worst form of government, except for all the others.” Here’s the problem: If we start with the two economic systems (remembering that economics is a major part of what government must control), we have to try to strike some kind of balance between 1) Capitalism: self-regulating (but inherently ruthless), and 2) Socialism: idealistic (but requiring ruthless enforcement).

Darwin sorts out the errors in the former (at the expense of the less fit), but even if those who became the “masters” (over the rest of us) were sufficiently “omniscient” to know who should get the STM32F413 microprocessors, and who should make do, the best they could, with the STM32F103s, both producers and consumers will still lose their motivation to improve the system. (This example was deliberately chosen to be obscure, to emphasize the inherent difficulty in managing an entire technical economy.)

When you remove “survival pressure” from a system, the individuals don’t remain the same, they will still “mutate” randomly — and random mutations are seldom an improvement. If you make sure all “voters” are taken care of, by giving them a “living wage,” you will soon find that the majority of those voters will become incapable of supporting themselves. (It is extremely unlikely that many people will bother to study the differences between STM32F103s and STM32F413s without there being a significant reward in return for their efforts.) “Darwin” offers to fix this problem for us (with his bloody teeth and claws), but do we really want his “help?” On the other hand, what if we can’t even “survive” without that help?

What kind of “balance” could possibly keep everyone both happy (satisfied) and motivated (dissatisfied) at the same time? When worded this way, the problem becomes obvious: Any workable system must provide satisfaction to those who are productive and dissatisfaction tho those who are not. Otherwise, productivity quickly “devolves.” Historic examples are ubiquitous. Counterexamples, ephemeral.

Jacobsen: What metaphysics makes some sense to you, even the most workable sense to you?

Stoner: As a very young child, my default presumption was that matter was all there was. I had blocks, and other toys which also had wheels, levers and gears; I understood how these worked, and simply presumed that all other things worked essentially the same way. Then one day (all I remember for sure is that it was before my fourth birthday), I had caught myself staring out through my own eyes, at nothing in particular, and noticed how very strange it was that I could perceive the world around me, and how odd it was that I was aware of my own existence. In this case, there was obviously something very different about the “device” involved; it wasn’t just more complex; it seemed to operate on a completely different principle. (Half a century later, I would learn that scientists call this “The Hard Problem.”)

I was in college — building my own computer, one transistor at a time – before I had completely rejected the idea that an electronic computer could actually “think.” I finally understood “electronics” well enough that I simply knew better. For more detail, See Who Designed God? Chapter 8:

http://www.dstoner.net/Philosophy_Religion/WDG2017.01.10.pdf

At that time, it would be fair to say I’d stopped being a mind-matter “monist,” and was firmly in the “dualist” camp.

This was before my education in physics included very much detail about relativity or quantum mechanics, partly because I was less than halfway to a mere B.S., but mostly because much of the really cool stuff hadn’t been discovered yet. My reading eventually brought me up to date. There were four men in, particular, (mentioned and linked above) who, together, forced my last step: Albert Einstein, John Wheeler, C.S. Lewis, and Roger Penrose. Together, these four finally convinced me that “mind” was the “primordial substance” and that “matter” was the “illusion.”

This makes me a “mind-monist.” Philosophers call this position, “Berkeleyan idealism.”

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/berkeley/

It often requires the “Bell experiment” to convince a skeptic to accept the truth of John Wheeler’s “Delayed-choice experiment.;” but, arguably, all of the evidence is actually present in Wheeler’s earlier and simpler version of this same odd piece of evidence. Wheeler’s Wikipedia page is linked above; the experiment is also summarized here pp.208-213:

https://www.amazon.com/Search-Schr%C3%B6dingers-Cat-Quantum-Physics/dp/0553342533/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=john+gribbin+schrodinger%27s+cat&qid=1610233653&sr=8-1

Jacobsen: What worldview-encompassing philosophical system makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Stoner: Here’s the very short explanation “Berkeleyan idealism,” rephrased in the language of Wheeler’s experiment: “The “physical universe” doesn’t assume an “actual” form until after “observers” have chosen in what manner they will observe it; “reality” delays making all of it’s “choices” until after the “mind” of an “observer” has made “his/her/its” choice.

This is what George Berkeley (1685-1753) decided, hundreds of years ago, without the benefit of the evidence from Wheeler’s experiments. At that time, most philosophers could easily dismiss his suggestion. But since that evidence became available, this became about the only way I could make any sense out of the universe. Explaining this realization in detail is the central theme of my online book, Who Designed God?:

http://www.dstoner.net/Philosophy_Religion/WDG.html

After Wheeler forced me to drop my naturalistic prejudices, and permitted me to consider stranger options, I was able to understand how that time, and space, might “exist” in “intangible form” — as mathematical properties which are self-existent and only statistically constrained. The final missing piece was the understanding that the “catalyst” which triggers the “solidification” of these mathematical properties (physicists call this “collapse of the wave function”) was “observation” by a “mind” (a “human” mind in every experimental write-up I have ever read, however, I am unconvinced that Erwin Schro:dinger himself was necessary to determine the fate of his “cat;” I suspect the cat was capable of performing his or her own observations.)

In any case, the experiments tell us that a “mind’s” act of “observation” determines the outcome of a “physical” experiment. Further, every bit of the “physical matter” from which the experimental apparatus is constructed, comprise nothing more than statistical mathematical properties, which do not become permanent either, until they are observed by a “mind.”

This oddness extends to the space and time (in which matter exists). They are, themselves, “bent” in odd ways to accommodate whichever “observer” happens to be looking at them at the moment. (This even goes as far as “simultaneously” accommodating two observers with very different coexisting frames of reference.)

Add to this the fact that statistical “mathematics” themselves are arguably more like “mental” concepts than they are like “physical” things, and it becomes hard  to think of anything as being “physical.”

Much of this will sound like patent nonsense to anyone who hasn’t “served time” in a quantum physics lab, as it would to any properly educated person living during the “enlightenment,” but it’s still a much better approximation of the true all-encompassing philosophical system which calls the shots in our universe.

However, this is not the only “possible,” way to resolve the evidence. It is just the “least complex” way. There are other equally absurd-sounding models which otherwise-lucid people propose to avoid the conclusion I have reached. One involves the universe constantly experiencing “infinitely” many bifurcations, to accommodate all possible observations which any sentient being might ever make. This requires a literally-infinitely more complex universe; but some consider this preferable to allowing that “mind” might have cosmic qualities. Here is a quite serious presentation of one such theory: See pp.236ff:

https://www.amazon.com/Search-Schr%C3%B6dingers-Cat-Quantum-Physics/dp/0553342533/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=john+gribbin+schrodinger%27s+cat&qid=1610233653&sr=8-1

Those, like myself, who take the “cosmic-mind” path, have other issues to consider — such as deciding what to make of a few ancient passages from 2000-year-old biblical Greek:

In the beginning was the “logos” (Logic, thought, mind), and the “Logos” was with/at Theos (God), and Theos was the Logos. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made. -John’s Gospel 1:1-3

Or:

He is before all things and in him all things “hold together.” (consist) -Paul’s letter to the Colossian church 1:17

These bits of ancient religion sound suspiciously like the sort of universal mind-monism which is presently haunting the world’s physics laboratories. Men, having once driven “the gods” from their realm (back during the “enlightenment”), are naturally somewhat reluctant to welcome back anything which sounds even faintly like them — or worse yet, anything like “Him” (capitalized and singular).

I’ve chosen to go with the traditional religious understanding followed by my family historically: Originally Jewish, then Christian..

Jacobsen: What do you make of the mystery and transience of life?  

Stoner: That is a very interesting question. Here are some more related questions: Why is it a “mystery” that life is so short? How long is life really supposed to last? Why is it that we all seem to sense that this life is *not* what it is supposed to be? Maybe what is truly strange isn’t that life is “brief,” it’s our firm conviction that this obvious and observable “fact” is somehow “wrong.”

These question could all be answered with the same simple suggestion: “This life” isn’t “real life.” It’s just “a test.” As we all seem to sense: “Real life” must be something which is more real and lasts much longer.

Jacobsen: What provides meaning in life for you?

Stoner: If you mean: “Why are we here?” “What is life all about?” “What is the purpose of existence?” … then this question can easily be answered in the context of the answer suggested for the previous question:

If this “life” is just” a test,” then the only things which are really “meaningful” are the “choices” we make. Those, alone, determine who we “really are.” Nothing else will be “graded.”

(This shouldn’t surprise us: According to Wheeler, those “choices” are exactly

what shapes all of “reality.”)

Jacobsen: Is meaning externally derived, internally generated, both, or something else?

Stoner: People often ask whether “truth” is externally derived or internally generated. Both are really the same question: Are our “minds” alone and in charge? Or do they act within a system of greater definitions?

I’m pretty sure that logic, and therefore mathematical truth, and therefore quantum mechanical truth, make up a greater reality within which my own thoughts can, rightly, be judged to be objectively true or errant. I have a similar opinion about the absolute-nature of the “morality” of my “choices.”

Jacobsen: Do you believe in an afterlife? If so, why, and what form? If not, why not?

Stoner: I do believe in an afterlife. The long explanation for “why” can be found in my online book “Who designed God?”:

http://www.dstoner.net/Philosophy_Religion/WDG.html

It requires a fair sized fraction of that book to nail this question down. I’ll try a shorter answer here. The argument is not easy to follow, so I’ll begin with a simple warm-up problem: Is logic itself valid? There are two ways we might attempt to answer this question:

1) We could construct a “logical” proof that “logic” was valid.

This, unfortunately, would involve a circular (and therefore be an invalid) argument.

Or:

2) We could construct an “illogical” or “alogical” proof.

In which case we would be making an “invalid” argument right from the beginning. It would seem there can be no valid way to prove the validity of logic itself. But should we accept it anyway? Again we have two choices:

A) We can simply reject logic, in which case we are now finished with all logical arguments (including this one).

Or:

B) We can accept logic, in which case we must accept the consequence that logic is “primordial” (in the

sense that it cannot be tested by other things, but that it is a first principle by which all other ideas are tested). That would make it an “uncaused” “first cause” from which all other valid reasoning emerges.

That was the “easy” first step. Next, can our thoughts really be trusted? To answer this we must know how they are “caused.” If they are “caused” at all, do we cause them ourselves? Or do non-sentient forces cause them? If our thoughts are merely the last “domino” to fall, in a long chain of causes, then we might have good reason to distrust them. In my book, “Who Designed God?” I took several chapters to develop this idea properly:

Chapter 5: Quantum Mechanics

Chapter 6: From Quantum Mechanics to Brain

Chapter 7: From Brain to Mind

Chapter 8: Mind, Logic, and Mathematics

Chapter 9: Can Logic be Trusted?

http://dstoner.net/Philosophy_Religion/Who15old.pdf

Here, I’ll just touch a few key points:

As I explain (in an argument borrowed from C.S. Lewis) in chapter 9 (of my book), two different (actually opposite) meanings of the word “because” tend to confuse our thinking about causality. The more causality (because[CAUSE]) encroaches upon the process of our logic and reasoning, the less reason we have to trust the basis for that reasoning (because[GROUNDS]). When causality finally becomes absolute, our grounds for believing our conclusions disappears completely. This is the sense in which because[CAUSE] and because[GROUNDS] are opposites. They are mutually exclusive in our thought processes. When a person has a mechanical reason to say something (for example, because[CAUSE] they are prejudiced, or because[CAUSE] they are drunk, etc.) we believe we are justified in disregarding any “authority” their opinions might otherwise have carried. For more Detail, see: C.S. Lewis, Miracles, Chapter 3:

https://www.amazon.com/Miracles-C-S-Lewis/dp/0060653019/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=miracles+lewis&qid=1609788881&s=books&sr=1-1

Next, Physicist Roger Penrose (co-author of Stephen Hawking’s paper on black holes), structures within our brain’s cells. He has teamed up with Stuart Hameroff to present very convincing experimental evidence that consciousness itself is a quantum-mechanical property. See: pp. 348ff:

https://www.amazon.com/Shadows-Mind-Missing-Science-Consciousness/dp/0195106466

Quantum mechanics breaks us free from the causal chain which would, effectively, have eliminated our ability to choose and robbed our thoughts of having independent meaning.

Returning to our choice above:

A) We can simply reject logic, in which case we are now finished with all logical arguments (including this one).

Or:

B) We can accept logic, in which case we must accept the consequence that logic is “primordial”

The “A” path rejects truth and logic. The only way we can continue to follow the “B” path is if our thoughts are “uncaused causes” instead of merely “caused” events. If we are sticking with a belief in logic and in our own ability to make choices, then we must conclude that our thoughts are not “caused” by matter. But if so, then it follows that they cannot be “uncaused” (though death) by the absence of, or by the failure-to-function of matter. That does not mean that there is nothing which can “uncause” them, but it wouldn’t be mere physical death. This argument is obviously contingent on truth and logic being accepted, but if they aren’t, then no questions have “answers.” So, it about as strong an argument as I am able to raise in defense of any logical concept. Accept it or reject it as you choose. I also have an opinion about “why” there “should” be an afterlife: It’s what we all sense is missing from this present life. It’s where and when everything will finally make sense.

Jacobsen: What is love to you?

Stoner: “To me?” There’s more to this than “my opinion.” My wife knows (objectively) what “love” is, and what love requires from me. So do I. In real life, “love” is effectively a verb. It’s what we do. Our acts can be either selfish or selfless. If my actions don’t line up with what love requires, It won’t fly. “Love” is what we should do in any situation. Love’s opposite is what we must learn to avoid. Darwin’s world optimizes Whatever works pragmatically best for each individual. Whatever sort of “god” designed this world, he/she/it (all three are technically wrong) obviously put “Darwin” in charge of maintaining survive-ability over the long term, (with wildly shifting climates and environments). Would such a “god” then need to be completely uncaring? Maybe, but if so, then why would we (also a result of that same creation) be designed to feel so strongly that “Darwin’s” path is “morally wrong?” My answer to this question is the same as for many of the previous questions: This isn’t “real life.” It’s a test to see how we will react to the different situations in which we each find ourselves, and what “choices” we will make. Some of us live in Communist China, some in Beverly Hills, some in the Congo or in Bangladesh. Some of us are holding our breaths, waiting to see what our own country might soon become. Is Darwinian Capitalism “good?” Certainly not. Is Communism an improvement? Certainly not (especially if humans are put in charge of either). What should we do personally? In every case, under any government, we  must try to be the solution instead of the problem. We must look out for others with as much sincerity as we look out for ourselves. (The responsibility is our own. No human government can or will take care of that for us.) “True life’s” rewards cannot depend on human governments either. I recommend that everyone make all of their choices as wisely as possible. Slightly edited from my web page: Extraordinary evidence exists everywhere:

The big bang (something from nothing);

the first cell (complex life from non-life);

punctuated evolution (information accumulation exceeding the population-mutation rate);

sentience (awareness from nano-electro-mechanics);

The very existence of logic and morality (an obvious is/ought causality reversal).

These require no more proof than that we observe them to exist.

Theories to explain this extraordinary evidence can rightly be debated.

Such theories necessarily make extraordinary claims.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, Epimetheus Society; Member, One-in-a-Thousand Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 22, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/stoner; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Donald Wayne Stoner on Family, Life, Love, and Reality: Member, Epimetheus Society [Online]. March 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/stoner.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, March 22). Conversation with Donald Wayne Stoner on Family, Life, Love, and Reality: Member, Epimetheus Society. Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/stoner.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Donald Wayne Stoner on Family, Life, Love, and Reality: Member, Epimetheus Society. In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/stoner>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Donald Wayne Stoner on Family, Life, Love, and Reality: Member, Epimetheus Society.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/stoner.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Donald Wayne Stoner on Family, Life, Love, and Reality: Member, Epimetheus Society.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (March 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/stoner.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Donald Wayne Stoner on Family, Life, Love, and Reality: Member, Epimetheus Society’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/stoner>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Donald Wayne Stoner on Family, Life, Love, and Reality: Member, Epimetheus Society’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/stoner.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Donald Wayne Stoner on Family, Life, Love, and Reality: Member, Epimetheus Society.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): March. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/stoner>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Donald Wayne Stoner on Family, Life, Love, and Reality: Member, Epimetheus Society [Internet]. (2021, March 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/stoner.

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Justice For Alleged Child Witches in Ogun State

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 21, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 884

Keywords: child witches, Leo Igwe, Nigeria, Ogun State, witchcraft.

Justice For Alleged Child Witches in Ogun State[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

It is not often that victims of witch persecution get justice. Abuses linked to witchcraft beliefs are usually perpetrated by the powerful against those in weaker sociocultural positions-the poor, women, elderly persons, or people living with disabilities. Even in situations where the avenues to seek redress are there, victims seldom utilize them. Some of these avenues expose alleged witches to further victimization and exploitation. In response, survivors of witch persecution resign to their fate, or as they say in Nigeria, they hand the matter over to God. The Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW) campaigns to end this culture of silence and resignation. AFAW adopts a proactive approach. It supports alleged witches and empowers them to defend themselves and tackle their accusers and abusers.

In the spectrum of victims and victimhood, children are most affected. Children are the most vulnerable, the most victimized because they cannot defend themselves or seek redress anywhere. Unlike adult victims, alleged child witches have little or no knowledge of witchcraft or occult harm. Adult torture and coerce them to confess to witchcraft. Family members often abuse children. Those who are supposed to show children love and care, those who should protect them- parents, brothers, sisters, and other relatives are their persecutors. Witch believing family members torture and abuse children suspected of witchcraft as a form of duty; as a way of disciplining or correcting them. More importantly, relatives maltreat alleged child witches as a way of protecting themselves and thwarting some impending occult schemes. So situations, where child witch victims get justice, are rare. That is why AFAW commends the police in Ogun state- especially the Divisional Police Officer in Awa Ijebu for the diligent work; for ensuring the successful prosecution of child witch abusers.

In July, AFAW reported how the combined efforts of the police, the social welfare department, and the ministry of justice brought an end to the abuse of suspected child witches in Ogun state. The police arrested the couple and charged them in court. In August, the Divisional Police Officer of the station at Awa Ijebu called to informed me that the magistrate had ruled on the case; that the court had convicted them. He tried giving me the details on phone, but I told him that I would visit and possibly have a copy of the judgment. The plan was to visit the station and interact with the police officers and then go to the orphanage to see the victims. The DPO told me that I could visit at my convenience. On October 9, I confirmed via a text message that I would be at the station. The DPO explained the outcome of the trial. The court convicted the man on all the four-count charges, including conspiracy, failure to provide necessary, assault occasioning harm, and causing grievous harm. The court fined the wife and subsequently discharged her. According to the DPO, no option of the fine was given to the man for causing grievous harm. So he was sentenced to two years in prison. The conviction of this couple for violations linked to witchcraft beliefs is a welcome development. It confirms that there are existing mechanisms to seek redress under the law in the country. AFAW commends the Ogun state police command for the diligent prosecution of the case. If the police in other parts of the country respond to complaints of witch persecution in this manner, there would have been significant progress in tackling and containing the menace.

However, I noticed that something was missing in the charges as recounted by the DPO. There was no mention of witchcraft accusations among the offenses that the couple committed. Look, section 210(b) of the Nigerian Criminal Code Act states that any person who “ accuses or threatens to accuse any person with being a witch or with having the power of witchcraft” is guilty of a misdemeanor and is liable for two years imprisonment. Now I wondered: if witchcraft accusation is an offense under the Nigerian law, why was it omitted in the count charges against the couple? And this omission is common in the prosecution of witchcraft-related offenses.

In my conversation with some police officers at Awa Ijebu, they made it clear that witchcraft allegation informed and motivated the harm and abuse of the children. So I expected witchcraft allegation to feature on the list. But witchcraft accusation was not mentioned on the charge sheet. It was not included. Why? To root out witch persecution, perpetrators must be prosecuted for the crime of witchcraft accusation as provided by the law. The offense of witchcraft accusation must feature in the hearing. By omitting witchcraft accusations in the prosecution of witch hunters, the police and the court are not helping efforts to stamp out and eradicate this social disease.

After a brief meeting with the DPO, I went to see the children at the orphanage. The children have enrolled in a school, and the injuries have healed. The Advocacy for Alleged Witches donated some money towards the education and general upkeep of the children. While AFAW welcomes the outcome of the child witch persecution case in Ogun state, it urges the government to do more to enforce the law and help deter witch hunters and witch persecutors of children and adults in other parts of the country.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 21, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/justice-for-alleged-child-witches-in-ogun-state.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Ask Mubarak 3 – Better Than a Candle: Humanism as a Light in the Ethical Night

 

 

 

 

 

Author: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 1.A, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 21, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 580

Keywords: Africa, ethics, Humanism, Mubarak Bala, Nigeria.

Ask Mubarak 3 – Better Than a Candle: Humanism as a Light in the Ethical Night[1],[2]

*Interview originally published August 5, 2019, in Canadian Atheist.*

Mubarak Bala is the President of the Humanist Association of Nigeria. We will be conducting this educational series to learn more about Humanism and secularism within Nigeria. Here we talk about Humanism.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Humanism seems to wring the supernaturalism out of the ethical systems of the world’s religions and then systematize the important parts in a naturalistic framework linked to a scientific comprehension of the world. How is this view of ethics, of the foundation of ethics and morals, at odds with much of the wider Nigerian cultural framework and worldviews for understanding the nature and basis of ethics and morality?

Mubarak Bala: Well, historically, Nigeria, and the region, used to be culturally indigenous, where each section of spread tribes had their deities, cultural identity and perception of morality.

So much of these norms, before tinkering with external religions, were derived from the natural world, fearing what harms, and imbibing what’s good, over the generations.

Save those cultures that feared the birth of twins, and murdered them, or thought thunder was the voice of the gods demanding for sacrifice, blood sacrifice, we sure could say that the norms were not alarming, albeit non-homogenous, not out to conquer and absorb others.

Then came the Arabs from the north, and Europeans from the south, mass conversions, conquest, cultural elimination, redefined what is supposed to be moral, and skewed the pristine beliefs that allowed for others to thrive, soon after, our comprehension of the world skewed. Where women used to be goddesses, became ribs.

Naturally, everyone starts out as a humanist, empathetic to others, and inquiring to nature, then society either guides that to good, or deludes into indoctrination.

Nigeria specifically today, is a contraption of Arab-wannabes from the north, mostly Hausa-Fulani Muslims, Jewish wannabes to the southeast, the Igbos, and White-Caucasian wannabes, the Yoruba. The other 360 minority tribes, just wanna be one of these big three.

Smaller northern tribes hope to be seen as Hausa, those in other regions would prefer being seen as part of the other bigger tribes of Igbo or Yoruba, which essentially all reduces our ancient diversity to alien cultures – which in all sincerity, should have been better. But skewed by the Abrahamic religions, it is just worse, thus, as the religions hate the other, so do the people that adopted it, which disallows an actual Nigerian cohesion, each side with where they hope to be, in life, and in death, in harmony, and in destruction.

The south is at a better place, discarding superstition, and re-aligning with pseudo-humanism, such as a fair rational thought, education, freedom and awareness about how the world works, via exposure to cultures, media, global languages, proximity to the shores/ports, and frequent air travel.

However, the north, landlocked as Afghanistan, encroached by the Sahara as Arabia, deserted by deforestation as Somalia, swamped by illiteracy as dark-ages Europe, becomes a gradual sinking ship that threatens to swallow the country and region.

If not tamed, it will give the world a never-before witnessed humanitarian disaster of 100 million refugees with no country, and nowhere to go, trapped by the Sahara and rivers, as the other regions reject illiterate economic dead-weight.

There is hope, I hope. Humanism may show the north the way, the region with the most number of out of school children, called almajiri. The highest poverty globally, and the deadliest terror group in modern times, Boko Haram. Sad thing is, the people mostly see education, rational thought, exposure, liberalism, secularism, and humanism, as the enemy. They are convinced, that remaining conservative absolutists to centuries-old dogma, would make a better country and people.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Mubarak.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, In-Sight Publishing.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 21, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/ask-mubarak-3-better-than-a-candle-humanism-as-a-light-in-the-ethical-night.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Quarterly Report, July-September 2020 Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AfAW)

Author: Igye Dooyum

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 21, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,245

Keywords: Advocacy for Alleged Witches, Africa, Igwe Dooyum, West Africa.

Quarterly Report, July-September 2020 Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AfAW)[1],[2]

Igye Dooyum is a Guest Reporter for Advocacy for Alleged Witches. This is the quarterly report from July-September 2020. 

Foreword

The year 2020 has witnessed an exponential rise in witch-hunts in Africa, especially in West Africa. Within this context, the elderly and children, who constitute a helpless and vulnerable category, have suffered indifferent, cruel, sadistic and/or barbaric treatment from people – including family members – who accuse them of being responsible for one form of ill luck or death of another person or people. It is, on this note, that the Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW) was established by Nigerian humanist, Dr. Leo Igwe, with the vision to end witchcraft persecution by 2030. Since its inception, the Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW) has been able to track and intervene in several life threatening witch accusation and persecution cases.

In this report, therefore, you will read more about the objectives of Advocacy for Alleged Witches and the challenges that it faced, as well as cases handled so far by the organisation.

Introduction

In this century, it would be expected that humans view the events of earlier centuries like items in a museum, given the advancement of reason and science. While this is the case in other parts of the world such as the industrialized part of Europe and America, Africa, Latin America, and some parts of Asia tell different stories. One issue that has survived the old world and still happens in contemporary Africa is witch hunting.

In Africa, cases of death, diseases, poverty, and/or ill luck are often interpreted as witchcraft related. The superstitious belief that physical events are manipulated by an older relative or person in the community is widely accepted. This is why, in communities, there are witch hunters or doctors, with assumed traditional powers, to identify witches and to exorcise witchcraft. Sometimes, as in the case of Hassan Patigi (http://saharareporters.com/2020/08/13/group-urges-niger-state-government-police-stop-hassan-patigiswitchcraftexorcismmokwa?fbclid=IwAR2E2dvhSf5xluqINowJ9foPGoApVshPLjtVYIeeSglwjnvqPYJTF6NCKo), these self-acclaimed healers and witchcraft exorcists move round communities healing or identifying alleged witches through unhealthy, humiliating and unorthodox means. The class of people who are mostly affected are women and children. When accused, this class of people stands a high chance of being lynched or burnt by community members. There are recorded cases where families have cast out children who are accused of belonging to covens. Some accused persons are banished from their homelands and deprived of possession of whatever properties or investments previously had in such lands. Given the grounded belief in witchcraft in Africa, members of these communities support and even join in the persecution of alleged witches. And when alleged witches are harassed, stigmatized or lynched, family members actively involve themselves in the maltreatment of these perpetrators of occult harm.

Over the years, governments in Africa have done little especially to address these persecutions or to enlighten the people about the falsity of these ideas. Often, when an alleged witch is killed, the government makes condemnatory statements which are not followed with expected concrete action – the arrest and prosecution of the guilty and education of the people. Witchcraft is not real. It is a baseless unverified illogical belief. If it were real, those accused would employ their supernatural powers to defend themselves from these persecutors. As Nowak says: “there is no such thing as witchcraft. But there are accusations and stigmatization designed to demonize people; indeed to discredit in order to gain selfish advantage for others”(https://www.dw.com/en/witch-hunts-a-global-problem-in-the21stcentury/a54495289?fbclid=IwAR2E2dvhSf5xluqINowJ9foPGoApVshPLjtVYIeeSglwjnvqPYJTF6NCKo).

As related by the founder of the Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW), Dr. Leo Igwe, in response to the existing outrageous situation, he launched the advocacy for Alleged Witches project earlier this year, with the vision to end witch persecution in Africa by 2030.    (https://peoplesdailyng.com/the-real-witch-hunting-in-africa/?fbclid=IwAR2E2d vhSf5xluqINowJ9foPGoApVshPLjtVYIeeSglwjnvqPYJTF6NCKo).

The following has been identified as the objectives of the Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW);

  1. Defending and empowering alleged witches
  2. Educating and enlightening witchcraft accusers and believers
  3. Pressuring state authorities to protect citizens and maintaining law and order
  4. Fostering critical thinking in schools.

News Items/Activities of AfAW

At its inception, AFAW organized two campus seminars at the University of Ibadan and Nsukka on the theme: who is afraid of witches/witchcraft on campuses? Christian students at the University of Nigeria Nsukka opposed the organization of an academic seminar on witchcraft at the university as they claimed that it was a solicitation for witches to take over the university. The Christian students later organized a parallel prayer conference to spiritually counter the seminar. In fact, the organizers had to change the venue as the initial venue was cancelled. The organizers also changed the theme of the seminar from, Witchcraft: Meaning, factors and Practices to Dimensions of Human Behaviour”.        (https://peoplesdailyng.com/the-real-witch-hunting-in-africa/?fbclid=IwAR2E2d-vhSf5xluqINowJ9foPGoApVshPLjtVYIeeSglwjnvqPYJTF6NCKo).

AFAW has also intervened in a numbers of cases;

In Cross River, AFAW issued a statement condemning the burning of alleged witches and calling for the arrest and prosecution of Thomas Obi Tawo AKA General Iron, an adviser to the Cross-River State Governor who ordered the burning of about 20 persons alleged to be witches. Some of the victims have died while others are in hospitals nursing their wounds. It was discovered that the alleged witches were identified using a mirror. Among the burnt persons is the uncle of General Iron, whom he claimed that he saw in his dream trying to kill him. Another relative of General Iron said that the fire affected his private organ which has made it difficult for him to urinate.

In response to the above, AFAW has called on the Inspector General of Police and the Governor of Cross-River, Prof. Ben Ayade to arrest and prosecute Thomas Obi Tawo (General Iron), his Special Adviser on forest security. AFAW has also asked the government to compensate victims and families of victims/survivors for their losses. https://in-sightjournal.com/2020/06/03/afaw-condemns-witch-burning-in-cross-river-state-calls-for-arrest-and-prosecution-of-thomas-obi-tawo-aka-general-iron/amp/

In Plateau State, AFAW reached out to two children accused of witchcraft and burnt. These children were accused by a sick family member of being responsible for his illness. A Christian evangelist, who came with a fuel in a gallon was invited to question the children, and when the children denied the allegation and started crying, someone in the crowd poured the fuel on them. Another person set them ablaze with a box of matches.

AFAW is working with the family of the victims to support and rehabilitate them. The program focuses on two areas – medical treatment and education. (http://saharareporters.com/2020/08/12/children-burnt-witchcraft-central-nigeria-leo-igwe?fbclid=IwAR2E2d-vhSf5xluqINowJ9foPGoApVshPLjtVYIeeSglwjnvqPYJTF6NCKo).

  • AFAW has also condemned the murder of an accused witch in Ghana. 90-year old Akua Denteh, accused of witchcraft in Kafaba, East Gonja in Northern Ghana, was killed in public. A video showed how people gathered and watched her hit with objects and finally set ablaze. Akua Denteh was accused of being responsible for several misfortunes in the community. This accusation was confirmed by a local diviner called Tindana. AFAW has called on the government of Ghana to put in place effective and proactive mechanisms against witchcraft allegations and witch persecution. https://www.modernghana.com/news/1020142/akua-denteh-last-witch-to-be-murdered-in-ghana.html?fbclid=IwAR2E2d-vhSf5xluqINowJ9foPGoApVshPLjtVYIeeSglwjnvqPYJTF6NCKo
  • AFAW strongly condemned the banishment of a woman in Ezi Akani Ukpa in Afikpo North for allegedly using charms. In the statement, AFAW stated that the case of this woman illustrates the ravaging impact of superstition based abuses. Accordingly, AFAW regards the banishment as an act of cruelty, and a debasement of humanity.

On September 3, 2020, an advocate drew the attention of the founder of AFAW, Dr Leo Igwe, to a video that was circulating online. In the video titled, A Woman Accused of Using Evil Charms Was Banished from Her Village Ezi Akani Ukpa Afikpo Ebonyi State, video and posted on a Facebook page called Palace of Justice, a woman was expelled by members of her community of a woman for allegedly using charms. In the video, the woman was carrying a baby, about two years old, and holding a handbag, a sack, a calabash containing the so-called charms. While been driven out, commentator said: “The woman that has been affecting the community for some time in Ezi Akani Ukpa. She has been told to leave the community for good”. By ‘affecting’, the commentator meant that the woman had used the charms to kill or harm people in the community. After being rejected by a neighboring community, she was forced to relocate to her father’s hometown. AFAW notes that ‘it is shocking to know that this form of maltreatment is going on in 21st century Nigeria. There is no evidence that the so-called charms harmed anyone in the Ezi Akani Ukpa community. And nobody has the right to banish another human being.’

AFAW has resolved to ‘trace this woman who has been scapegoated by people in Ezi Akani to support her and her children. AFAW will explore ways of engaging the leaders and youths of Ezi Akani community and help dispel superstitious beliefs and fears that often motivate these abusive treatments. AFAW believes that if people do not abandon superstitious notions and magical beliefs and embrace scientific outlook and critical thought, such acts of cruelty and abuse will not stop.

(https://www.modernghana.com/amp/news/1029757/fear-of-charms-scapegoating-and-humanrights.html?fbclid=IwAR29Pl4nO4qgRPw81wlQ4bXnyjfxaLgITFQg3yRCh8yzh5ULIk8BaRmrKRY).

Again, recently, the Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW) urged the government of Niger State to immediately prevail on the traditional ruler of Mokwa, the Ndalile of Mokwa, Shaba Aliyu Mohammed, to immediately stop the inhuman and abusive healing practices of Mallam Hasan Patigi, an exorcist, in Niger state. The Founder of AFAW, Dr. Leo Igwe, has called on the Ndalile of Mokwa to discontinue his support and endorsement of Patigi’s fake healing and inhuman treatment of the people of Mokwa. He stated that “some revulsive images and videos of Patigi’s healing activities have been circulating online, showing scenes of torture, inhuman and degrading treatment of alleged witches, and others he claimed to be healing. In some of the videos, Patigi forced alleged witches to go naked, fight and urinate on themselves. In one video, Hassan Patigi was seen maltreating an old woman, accused of witchcraft in the community.’’ Sadly, the Ndalile of Mokwa has refused to retract his support for Patigi who uses his compound for healing sessions. AFAW will continue to explore various legal ways of stopping Patigi from carrying out his abusive healing sessions.

(https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2020/10/03/exposed-massive-torture-of-purported-witches-in-niger/?fbclid=IwAR29Pl4nO4qgRPw81wlQ4bXnyjfxaLgITFQg3yRCh8yzh5ULIk8BaRmrKRY)

Finally, AFAW has also written and petitioned the authorities in Ghana, Zambia, Nigeria, and Malawi, drawing their attention to witch persecution in these countries. (https://peoplesdailyng.com/the-real-witch-hunting-in-africa/?fbclid=IwAR2E2d-vhSf5xluqINowJ9foPGoApVshPLjtVYIeeSglwjnvqPYJTF6NCKo)

Recommendations

  • AFAW recommends that governments in Africa should place effective and proactive mechanisms against witchcraft allegations and persecution.
  • AFAW appeals to the government in Africa, to expose and sanction all witch hunting pastors and traditionalists.
  • AFAW urges the police to ensure the security of life and property of every person.
  • AFAW request the police to enforce the laws against witchcraft accusation, the perpetration of jungle justice and trial by ordeal in all African countries.
  • AFAW requests the governments in Africa to defray the cost of medical treatment for all victims.
  • AFAW asks the governments in Africa to compensate victims and families of victims/survivors for their loss.
  • AFAW requests the government to sponsor public health education and science literary programs. AFAW also recommends the mandatory acceptance of evidence based knowledge to expose the falsity of superstitious beliefs.

To do this, AFAW recommends the setting up of a team tasked with the goal of intensive education and enlightenment of communities. It must be made known, and accepted that, witchcraft is a baseless accusation or belief. It has no basis in reason, science, or reality.

Sponsorship

The campaign against witchcraft persecution in Africa is an costly activity. It requires support to alleged witches, transportation, litigation, security, education, etc. To this end, AFAW is appealing to the public to support the project and help eradicate witchcraft persecution in Africa by donating to the project via the link below.

https://www.betterplace.org/en/projects/84477-advocacy-for-alleged-witches-afaw-nigeria/opinions?fbclid=IwAR2E2d-vhSf5xluqINowJ9foPGoApVshPLjtVYIeeSglwjnvqPYJTF6NCKo#ppp-sticky-anchor

Thank you.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Guest Reporter, Igye Dooyum.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 21, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/quarterly-report-july-september-2020-advocacy-for-alleged-witches-afaw.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Ask Mubarak 2 – This is Nigeria: Freedom of Expression for the Secular

Author: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 1.A, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 18, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 806

Keywords: Akon, Childish Gambino, Falz, Goodluck Jonathan, Mubarak Bala, Muneerat Abdussalam, Nigeria, Rahma Sadau.

Ask Mubarak 2 – This is Nigeria: Freedom of Expression for the Secular[1],[2]

*Interview originally published April 4, 2019, in Canadian Atheist.*

Mubarak Bala is the President of the Humanist Association of Nigeria. We will be conducting this educational series to learn more about Humanism and secularism within Nigeria. Here we talk about Nigerian freethought and freedom of expression.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: In a song by FALZ, inspired by the work of Childish Gambino, entitled “This is Nigeria,” one of the reactions to the video reflects something interesting around the world.

The religious preachers, pastors, imams, and others, at times, can simply spread falsehoods without consequence, e.g., legal action or other threats. Then someone – FALZ – speaks, in an artistic production, on organized religion and gets a threat of legal action by a religious organization, the Muslim Rights Concern.

Does this reflect a typical double standard in the discourse towards Nigerian society’s arts and culture community by the religious? Does this reflect other issues around freedom of expression for secular compared to other Nigerians?

Because they have this right to freedom of expression in the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 19 and the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria in Section 39(1).

Mubarak Bala: Typically, secularists and atheists the world over, are quite misunderstood and often misrepresented.

The more the society is religious the higher the contempt and disdain. They think it’s a favor to befriend or even allow you live, have a job or date you.

The video by FALZ drew their ire, but they quickly realized, that they were giving the song more popularity with the controversy and withdrew their threat of litigation.

There are funnier incidences, sometimes they win, other times they lose. But the positive outcome of it is that our community gets more analysis by the typical, normal citizens, and they now see us for who we are.

Just this morning, see what I woke up to:

https://punchng.com/atheists-too-deserve-buharis-cabinet-appointment/

In fact, this incident you mentioned was not the first, two years ago, Akon and a few other Hollywood stars intervened in a case of a Muslim actress from northern Nigeria, after we publicized her case online, so vigorously that the clerics were forced to swallow their fatwa.

They decreed that she should marry, and banned her from Kannywood, the local film industry. Her crime: singing and holding hands with a male teenager. Her name is Rahma Sadau, her co-singer, Classiq. A Christian male from the region.

Her case gave them the shivers because he is controversial, does not conform to the conservative rules they imposed and fights misogyny in the industry. A Muslim girl with a nonMuslim associating even if on camera is strictly frowned upon.

When Goodluck Jonathan (President 2010-2015) provided seed money in billions of naira, millions in dollars, to fund the booming northern Nigerian film industry dominated by Muslims, the clerics moaned and fought it with all their might, until it was scrapped. An attempted revival by the current President also hit the rocks, as the clerics lobby has great voting blocks in the region.

Ironically, a few months after their jihad against this ‘Zionist agenda’ to dilute Muslim morality with joy and entertainment, the Saudi Prince, MBS launched his cinema and entertainment industry, so huge that Hollywood would be jealous. The clerics were now confused.

So all in all, in this region of the world, conservatives try hard to fight art, liberalism, secularism as well as anything new. They mostly target the female more, FALZ just happened to show girls in hijab dancing the ‘Shaku Shaku’, which is what really caught their attention.

He was drawing attention to recent abductions and forceful conversations to Islam, of Christian students in northern Nigeria. Those that did not, are killed or enslaved, as Islam would have wanted.

Just this week, my long term friend and Humanist publicly discarded humanism and converted to Islam at the national Mosque in the capital, when online zealots raised ire, that she was promoting sex education by selling sex items and or providing counsel about male and female orgasm.

The online Mullahs of the fanatic sect of Islam called for her boycott, and sternly warned her, her apologies only drew more to call for her head. She then decided to seek the best protection around, since we could not help her with anything beyond online defense, neither would the government.

She is now donning the ‘Proud to be a Muslim’ tag on her Facebook page, Muneerat Abdussalam, and the region, is celebrating her, including those that just a few days ago posted that they would mob her and behead her.

It is either a case of genuine conversion through Stockholm Syndrome, or a ploy to be safe, as all the other atheists do in this part of the world, be safe, just to survive.

I knew what she’s going through when she says they almost made her commit suicide due to the threats. I knew exactly how it feels. Then I know, at least I’m male, it is why I was spared. They hate women more.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Mubarak.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, In-Sight Publishing.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 18, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/ask-mubarak-2-this-is-nigeria-freedom-of-expression-for-the-secular.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Hunting and Being Hunted: Witchcraft Belief and African Enlightenment

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 18, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,594

Keywords: African Enlightenment, Leo Igwe, Nigeria, witchcraft.

Hunting and Being Hunted: Witchcraft Belief and African Enlightenment[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

Nine years ago I visited Australia for my first speaking tour. I came to Australia excited but very nervous because I constantly wondered what I could tell people in Australia whom I considered more knowledgeable, and more exposed. I wondered what I could communicate in my Nigerian English to persons who spoke English as the first language. But thanks to your warmth and friendship I overcame my nervousness and had a memorable stay.

Shortly after I returned to Nigeria, I left to do a 6-year doctoral research on witchcraft accusation at the University of Bayreuth in Southern Germany. Before embarking on the study I worked with some NGOs tackling abuses linked to witchcraft beliefs and at one of the seminars, a local pastor, a self declared ex witch and witchcraft exorcist, Helen Ukpabio sent her church members to disrupt the event. They beat me up and stole my personal belongings. She later sued me to court for denying her the right to belief in witchcraft but she lost. Within the same period, police arrested and detained me for days in the course of rescuing children who were branded witches.

The doctoral program came as a relief, and an opportunity to step back and reflect on my activism how I was hunting and being hunted in the quest to combat the dark and destructive influence of witchcraft belief and further the cause of African enlightenment.

The academic program came with its own challenges. Apart from contending with the rigors of the degree, I had to wrestle with western anthropological representations of Africa and African witchcraft. I noticed this conceptual dichotomy between western and African witchcraft that informed the existing literature and studies. For instance at one of the seminar, one European student said, “For Europeans, witchcraft is a form of superstition but for Africans it is not”. I wondered: if witchcraft is not superstition for Africans, what is it? Science? I noticed that many western anthropologists, in an attempt to explain the manifestation of witchcraft beliefs in Africa argued along this line. Dirk Kohnert has this to say regarding witchcraft beliefs among the Nupe in Nigeria: “Although it is undisputed that in most individual cases witchcraft accusations were directed against innocent people, there is a growing awareness among social scientists that occult belief systems may have a social justification, and that they are not necessarily a sign of backwardness, but quite to the contrary, symptoms of modern development”. Nhhh symptoms of modernity?

Propositions and perspectives such as this agitated my mind and sometimes made me restless. I constantly wondered if the research on witchcraft that brought me to Bayreuth was of any value and worth.

As a person who looked to this doctoral research as a program that could be an invaluable resource in the efforts to combat witch persecution, I found these propositions problematic and troubling because at face value, these perspectives had legitimizing undertones. The explanations resonated in ways that I considered exoticizing and enabling of witchcraft imputations. Again I had a problem of positioning myself because I could not like the mainly western anthropologists that dominate the studies claim to be distant from the phenomenon or imply that ‘I had not seen anything like this before’.

I concluded the program in 2017 and submitted a thesis that contributed to the debate on the modernity of witchcraft in Africa.

Back home in Nigeria I wrestled with the challenge of what to do with the Ph.D. – to lecture in a university or work with NGOs. Western anthropologists who travel down to Africa to research and return to share their findings and lecture at universities, with students that are unfamiliar with the phenomenon. But I am not a western anthropologist. I am an African, researched in Ghana and now back in Nigeria. While I appreciated lecturing, researching and writing academic papers, I wanted to be more involved changing the situation and fixing the problem of witchcraft accusation. Just as I had issues with how the phenomenon had been explained; I was unsatisfied with how the issue had been address by NGOs. So while trying to secure a post doctoral position or a lecturing job, I tried working with some NGOs and some UN agencies. Still I faced additional challenges because those in charge of these agencies were more interested in keeping their jobs and ensuring the flow of funds than in taking drastic measures to tackle witch persecution and killing. Like western anthropologists, these NGOs and agencies based in the West were distant from the issue that they were trying to address. Whilst the scholars were explaining the phenomenon of witchcraft accusation in ways that seemed to legitimize it, their NGOs counterparts were campaigning against witch persecution in ways that seemed to paper over and perpetuate it. These NGOs or agencies fund projects in one village or province in an African country for a couple years and after that they pack up or discontinue the program.

The NGOs were very reluctant to designate witchcraft as a form of superstition in deference to African culture and tradition. They tried not to criticize the church or call out religious enablers of witch persecution and killing in the region.  Meanwhile these NGOs and agencies dictated and directed the campaign agenda for the eradication of witch persecution in the region. Still they were unable to give an expiring date for witch persecution in Africa. Simply put, they did not approach witch persecution in the region with the sense of urgency that this issue deserves.

I had no plan of starting another project or organization. I was already involved in too many. My plan was to lecture and conduct research on part time basis, while facilitating campaign initiatives from behind. However at the end of 2019, I was left with no better choice than to launch a new initiative, the Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW). The last straw that broke the camel’s back in this case was an incident in November 2019 where some Christian university students protested the organization of an academic conference on witchcraft. They called it a meeting of witches and wizards. I outlined a decade of activism with the goal of building a critical mass of advocates in all African countries and ending with persecution in the region by 2030.

The launch of AFAW was greeted with support as well as skepticism more especially the target of ending witch persecution in Africa by the year 2030. Richard Dawkins tweeted that we should wait until 2030 to realize this vision. A BBC journalist contacted and asked me: Where would you get the funds? This was an important question. Given the economic realities in the region, funding would be a challenge. But I thought there was more than enough funding out there to wage such an important campaign and make this decade of activism happen.

So obviously many were of the view that the goal of AFAW was mission impossible and that the advocacy campaign would soon fizzle out.  But the advocacy campaign has not ended as envisaged. In fact the campaign is very much alive and active and continues to grow in strength, reach and momentum. We are making interventions in many cases in Nigeria, Malawi, Ghana, Liberia, Zambia including instances where alleged witches have been lynched, beaten or stoned to death, abducted and held hostage, forced to take poisonous concoctions etc

We intervene by drawing the attention of the government and other relevant agencies to the cases of witch persecution. For instance, AFAW has been urging the Nigerian authorities to arrest and prosecute those who set ablaze 15 alleged witches in Cross River state in Southern Nigeria. AFAW has also called on the police to arrest and prosecute a local priestess and witchcraft exorcist, Bernadette Tembo, who abducted and held hostage about 30 alleged witches in Malawi.

AFAW is also working with the Humanists International to raise these issues before the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights and the United Nations. As part of the advocacy campaign, AFAW supports and rehabilitates adult and child victims-paying their medical bills and defraying the cost of education for child victims, and being there for them and ensuring that they do not suffer any more harm. AFAW has supported some victims of witch burning in Nigeria, including children who were tortured by their parents for witchcraft. AFAW also carries out public education and enlightenment, challenging witchcraft beliefs and narratives.

To this end AFAW has challenged witch hunting and faith healing pastors and clerics. Witch hunting is a form of faith healing and many clerics engaging in this exercise as part of their faith healing exercise. As part of its campaign, AFAW has challenged and criticized foremost Nigerian pastors, Apostle Suleman and Bishop Oyedepo. Both claimed to have healed persons with COVID-19. Another Pentecostal pastor and witch hunter was selling COVID-19 prevention oil at 100 dollars. The challenge went viral on social media and generated discussions and debates on the efficacy of miracles and faith healing claims. It is amidst these activities that I received a distracting letter from the lawyers of Helen Ukpabio threatening to sue me for libel. She stated through her lawyer that I defamed her in some of my articles and asked for an apology. She said that I should pay her an equivalent of 57.2 million US Dollars. I am still waiting for the court process to begin.

Tackling witch persecution poses a tough and difficult challenge. It is a risky undertaking that entails hunting, trying to bring witch hunters to justice, and being hunted.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 18, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hunting-and-being-hunted-witchcraft-belief-and-african-enlightenment.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Background, Informal Culture, Native Americans and Icelanders, Choosing Iceland, and Mythologies: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 27.A, Idea: Land of Fire and Ice: Islandia, Snelandia, and Insula Gardari (2)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 15, 2020

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,991

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Terry Gunnell is Professor of Folkloristics at the University of Iceland. He is author of The Origins of Drama in Scandinavia (1995); editor of Masks and Mumming in the Nordic Area (2007) and Legends and Landscape (2008); and joint editor of The Nordic Apocalypse: Approaches to Vluspá and Nordic Days of Judgement (with Annette Lassen, 2013); and Málarinn og menningarsköpun: Sigurður Guðmundsson og Kvöldfélagið (with Karl Aspelund), which received a nomination for the Icelandic Literature Prize (Íslensku bókmenntaverðlaunin) for 2017. He has also written a wide range of articles on Old Norse religion, Nordic folk belief and legend, folk drama and performance, and is behind the creation of the on-line Sagnagrunnur database of Icelandic folk legends in print (http://sagnagrunnur.com/en/); the national survey into Folk Belief in Iceland (2006-2007); and (with Karl Aspelund) the on-line database dealing with the Icelandic artist Sigurður Guðmundsson and the creation of national culture in Iceland in the mid-19th century (https://sigurdurmalari.hi.is/english). E-mail address: terry@hi.is. He discusses: family background; highly informal culture; well-preserved culture; Iceland; and Celtic mythology, Native American mythology, Icelandic mythology.

Keywords: culture, Celts, Folkloristics, Iceland, Native American, old Norse, Scandinavia, Scotland, Terry Adrian Gunnell, Tolkien.

Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Background, Informal Culture, Native Americans and Icelanders, Choosing Iceland, and Mythologies: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (1)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview conducted May 23, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: This is one of the earlier interviews for a series on Iceland. Let’s discuss some family background, personal history, to give a grounding where you’re coming from. What is some family background, e.g., geography, culture, language, religion or lack thereof?

Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell[1],[2]: Born in Brighton and Hove in East Sussex, south of England, father worked with the BBC. From school there, I went onto university to do drama and theatre arts, which is my main subject.

After taking a year between school and university, I went to work in Norway in a hotel. That’s my first connection with Scandinavia. That’s where I met my wife as well working at the same place. She is Icelandic.

She went back to Iceland. I went back to university. She found a way to coming to Birmingham afterwards, where we went on from there. After doing drama, which is not just practical, I ended up doing my B.A. in Icelandic Drama.

I was into Scandinavia at the time. People had written about Norwegian drama, certainly. So, I interviewed people and looked at Norwegian drama, which led me back to Viking times. The beginning of drama and some ancient poems from the Viking Period, certainly monologues and dialogues.

The next step was to do a teaching qualification. A year in my life, as far as I am concerned, a wasted year because you learn much more by teaching practically. One year in teaching in Birmingham in inner-city schools there.

Then we moved to Iceland. I learned Icelandic. I started teaching in the Hamrahlíð College, which had no objection to people having long hair, wearing jeans. Which is part of my problem in Britain, everyone is supposed to wear suits and ties. People are supposed to call the teacher, “Sir.”

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Gunnell: Then I taught English there for roughly 18 years. In between in the summertime, we would be regularly going to Norway and teaching there, doing lectures for tourists, especially American tourists, on Vikings and Scandinavian folklore.

In between, I do a doctorate where I continue with that idea on the background or origins of Scandinavian drama. Then a sense that performance subjects are something that I’ve done since. It brings together things that I’m writing, doing, and in terms of teaching.

1998, I had been teaching for 18 years doing courses. We could do a whole range of experimental courses because it was meant to be an experimental school. We took up a course on Native Americans. We wanted to underline that pigeon-holing isn’t really helping the world.

That if you’re going to understand Native Americans, you need to understand their way of living, and their beliefs and their culture. To understand their beliefs and culture, you need to understand their history and their way of living. Everything was connected.

So, we had a history teacher, an anthropology teacher, and me teaching literature and the beliefs of the different people. We connected the students with Native Americans through the web. That picked up quite a lot of attention around the country.

It was new and making use of the new media. Anyway, 1998, I was offered a position at the university teaching folkloristics. I’d also applied to teach drama as part of comparative literature. I got the folkloristics position. That’s where I’ve stayed since.

Teaching courses on Scandinavian folklore, Celtic folklore, Scottish folklore, Icelandic folktales and beliefs, festivals, Tolkien, old Norse religion, I teach a lot of it. Formal studies of a whole range of stuff, which is what I have been doing now.

I have been moving into retirement from now until next year. That’s basically the story. Strong context with Scotland, Ireland, Scandinavia, and then Britain at the same time. I have a lot of international students coming and taking my courses. Does that do it?

Jacobsen: It’s good [Laughing]. An earlier part of the response, with the transition of teaching in Iceland or even living in Iceland, which is going by a first name, “Terry,” rather than “honourary” this or “Sir” that.

Is that reflective of a highly informal culture where everyone is brought to the same playing field?

Gunnell: It is, certainly, very similar to Germany and Britain, where you have this element of “sir,” “professor,” “doctor,” and whatever else. I’ve got little patience for that. What was great about teaching in senior high, which was where I was before, I was in my early 20s. The students were 18, 19, 20.

The ones, who I were around, were fairly young. There’s a lot more equality. Students and the staff, I did not have much space for the professor. In Iceland, you’re never called “Mr.”

The great thing about Iceland, your name is your Christian name. The surname is a patronymic. Everybody here is called by their first name. The phone book goes by the first name.

Yes, it was healthy. It was nice. This way of doing things. In my case, I had three names, which made it even more confusing.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Gunnell: I had to change my name when I was given citizenship here. My name didn’t fit into the rules of names, which has to be a Scandinavian name. So, I went to one of the earliest names in the phonebook and found Axel.

“Axel,” we were worried about the axel on the car crashing. We were in Britain for a while. So, I became Axel for a few years.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Gunnell: Then the University of Iceland refused to have three names and ordered me to just go back and change it. Somehow, Irish names were allowed and Terry was accepted. So, I became Terry, again.

Jacobsen: Iceland is a very well-preserved culture in terms of language. You studied some of Native American history. Is there a similar trend – of those that have been kept – of an accepted norm that the languages have been more or less the same, or is this an incorrect comparison?

Gunnell: Of course, we know very well in terms of Native Americans. We know so little because so little is recorded. We have no idea how the languages developed at the time. Iceland, on the other hand, we have literature.

While it would have sounded slightly different in the Viking times, Icelanders can read that material. It is much easier for them, for example, than for us to read Chaucer. Reading Sagas for them is easier for them than people reading Shakespeare when it comes down it, it comes down to the culture of the Sagas being read on farms for a long time.

It keeps the language in that mode. Languages developed and changed over time. It is a way of speaking and spelling things in the Sagas, but it is not difficult to read. A large number of people can read from an early point.

Literacy in Iceland is much higher than in many other countries. I wouldn’t really compare it to the Native Americans. The pride of the language is, certainly, there. But it is old and an older language in a sense than others that we find around elsewhere.

Jacobsen: Why did you choose Iceland in the end?

Gunnell: [Laughing] My wife’s Icelandic [Laughing], we were working in Norway every Summer. Our plan had been to move to Norway to work. She survived living in England for three years. The idea was that I would survive living in Iceland for three years.

Then we would move to Norway after. She was happy moving back here. I was happy teaching in that school. We found a way of doing both in the sense of going to Norway in the Summer while being here.

I learned Icelandic. It was a good place to work if you could get out in the summertime. Which you can’t at the moment, this year, the first time in, roughly, 40 years [Laughing]. You can’t go anywhere in the summertime.

Jacobsen: If you’re looking at Celtic mythology, Native American mythology, Icelandic mythology, what are some common themes that tend to pop up?

Gunnell: Take them separately, what makes Icelandic mythology and folklore different from other Scandinavian countries, Iceland is definitely Scandinavian. The Celtic side was wiped out, a little bit like the Native American languages were wiped out in the schools. The slaves were not allowed to use their language.

The interesting thing about Iceland is it’s a blend of Scottish, Irish, and Nordic. 50% in terms of DNA, 50% of the women, female DNA, is Gaelic, Celtic. Male, I think, is about 80% Nordic and 20% Gaelic. So, there’s a lot of slaves brought from the Celtic area.

You can see that in the faces and can see it in a number of the folktales and ideas within the Sagas. We are dealing with a culture that is blended. You go to the west of Ireland. You see similar things here, almost Medieval culture, where the land is very much alive and people have respect for rocks.

There are places that you don’t touch or go anywhere near at particular times of the year. Everyone has taken note of Iceland and the elves here. Western Ireland, you have the fairies. You have roads that go around particular trees. You have a strong respect for the land.

It is that that we can connect to the Native Americans. The respect for the land and the sense that the land is alive; that you need to work with it and, certainly, think long-term. Iceland in a sense is split.

Everything you hear me say about Iceland is like two sides of a coin. You were talking about a similar thing in Canada before [Ed. Long, off-tape discussion]. The rightwing is about making money off the land today.

The rightwing is very much an American dream of making cash. The left is more Scandinavian and more aware of the long-term and the need to preserve the landscape. It is a 19th-century romantic sense of respect for the land, which you see among the Native Americans too.

You see this clash in Iceland. Both sides have a historical background. The rightwing, in the 1700s in Iceland, the people were well-aware that you had to live for the day. They were living so much on the edge. They were surrounded by pack ice. The volcanoes were going off, killing 50% of the domestic animals and 1/5th of the population.

This was a time of survival, thinking about just today, became quite instilled within Icelanders. Everybody knows a volcano could go off at any moment. A hot spring could go off in your kitchen at any time.

One is the sense of living for the moment, taking what you can get out of the land. The other is this sense of preserving it, looking at the landscape as beautiful, which is something people in the past didn’t have time.

It is something that you get used to and live with. There is a difference. If you look at Icelandic farms to farms across Denmark and Norway, which are, often, very, very beautifully preserved buildings, in Iceland, you rebuilt your buildings endlessly.

Farms here are more of a dump. A little bit like what you find in Shetland or elsewhere, which I know very well. Because you are living for the moment, ‘Why should we make the farm pretty for anybody. It is just a place that you live.’

That’s one side. On the other side, it is a sense of the power of the country. For everyone, they’ve been brought up with a sense of the country being unique and something that you need to work with and is reflective of those beliefs. It is similar to the Native Americans.

We know it was the same right across Scandinavia and Britain. It is a very long answer.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland.

[2]Individual Publication Date: March 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-1; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Background, Informal Culture, Native Americans and Icelanders, Choosing Iceland, and Mythologies: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (1)[Online].March 2021; 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-1.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2020, March 15). Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Background, Informal Culture, Native Americans and Icelanders, Choosing Iceland, and Mythologies: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (1). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-1.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Background, Informal Culture, Native Americans and Icelanders, Choosing Iceland, and Mythologies: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (1). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-1>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2020. “Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Background, Informal Culture, Native Americans and Icelanders, Choosing Iceland, and Mythologies: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-1.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Background, Informal Culture, Native Americans and Icelanders, Choosing Iceland, and Mythologies: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 27.A (March 2020). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-1.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2020, ‘Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Background, Informal Culture, Native Americans and Icelanders, Choosing Iceland, and Mythologies: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (1)‘In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 24.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-1>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2020, ‘Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Background, Informal Culture, Native Americans and Icelanders, Choosing Iceland, and Mythologies: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (1)‘In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 27.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-1.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Background, Informal Culture, Native Americans and Icelanders, Choosing Iceland, and Mythologies: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 27.A (2020):March. 2020. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-1>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Professor Terry Adrian Gunnell on Background, Informal Culture, Native Americans and Icelanders, Choosing Iceland, and Mythologies: Professor, Folkloristics, University of Iceland (1)[Internet]. (2020, March 27(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/Gunnell-1.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright  © Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 2012-2020. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees co-copyright their interview material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Ph.D. in Bioengineering, Science, Being the Governor of Puerto Rico (2017-2019), and Resignation and Lessons Learned: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 2,522

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Ricardo Rosselló Nevares holds a PhD in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. He graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with a Bachelor’s degree in Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering with a concentration in Developmental Economics. Rosselló continued his academic studies at the University of Michigan, where he completed a master’s degree and a PhD in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. After finalizing his doctoral studies, he completed post-doctoral studies in neuroscience at Duke University, in North Carolina, where he also served as an investigator. Dr. Rossello was a tenure track assistant professor for the University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus and Metropolitan University, teaching courses in medicine, immunology, and biochemistry. Dr. Rossello’s scientific background and training also makes him an expert in important developing areas such as genetic manipulation and engineering, stem cells, viral manipulation, cancer, tissue engineering and smart materials. He discusses: moving past a Ph.D. into becoming governor of Puerto Rico and resigning from the position.

Keywords: academia, bioengineering, biotechnology, governor, Puerto Rico, resignation, Ricardo Rosselló Nevares.

Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Ph.D. in Bioengineering, Science, Being the Governor of Puerto Rico (2017-2019), and Resignation and Lessons Learned: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (2)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: So, you finished your education, you are away from your parents, you get your Ph.D. in bioengineering. Most people think, “Okay, this is a great capstone. I can get going with a straight tenure track job, do some research, and coast into retirement.” More things have happened!

Dr. Ricardo Rosselló[1],[2]*: Yes.

Jacobsen: What is the thought process following from the Ph.D.? Because these are the highest levels of education attainment that any national system provides. So, what was the thinking for you, once that was accomplished?

Rosselló: I love science. Although, I struggle: There’s this strict analytical side and then this emerging observational type of new complexity being observed. I enjoy both of them. I think they are at odds at some points. I’d say: when I was done with my Ph.D., I though that I wanted to continue an academic career – just move forward.

Then I stumbled upon this idea right after my Ph.D. to try a startup. It was very exciting. I must admit. It was new for me. Ultimately, it was not successful. I think the idea was fairly good at the time. Now, you can get all this information without that.

It was a way of extracting more information out of public opinion polling being had at that time. I stayed. I gave myself a year to try that. It didn’t quite work. I sold my part in the company. I sort of need to reconnect with the pure science part of it.

I went to Duke to do a post-doc and get some grants, and practice before I applied to an academic position. Focusing on bioengineering principles, I focused on neuroscience, particularly this phenomena of the vocal learning pathway.

To this, it shows the beauty that I was speaking about before. There are all these connections. There’s even an explanation for evolution, and so forth, but there are some traits that skip some phylogeny. Vocal learning is one of them.

To briefly define it, not to make it about this, though, I find it interesting. Humans are vocal learning. Someone tells us something often enough; eventually, you’ll spit it out. Our closest relatives are not. If you go back, bats are vocal learners. Whales are vocal learners. Songbirds are vocal learners. But close phylogeny to them are not vocal learners.

So, how did this property from really similar brains evolve? There’s many theories. We were looking into them a lot. It is this concept of emergence. Evolution keeps tinkering, tinkering, tinkering, and then all of the sudden finds a way. Vocal learning was a very interesting stepping stone for me to comprehend all of this.

Because I don’t think I’ll ever be able to tap into this question. Obviously, to keep the curiosity juices flowing, the concept of consciousness is really the most complex version of these complexities that emerge. I did that for a while. I was in the States all throughout.

I finished it. I went and applied for an academic position in Puerto Rico. I got it. There’s another parallel track, which is s thing that impassions me. It is the civil rights situation in Puerto Rico. Basically, to reduce it crudely, we are a part of the United States, but not an equal part.

We are a colonial territory. I was passionately linked to that. My family was linked to that. Up until that point, I was really engaged in politics whatsoever, but that issue in particular, to this day, sparks emotion and passion.

So when I got to Puerto Rico, naturally, worlds collide, I start getting involved in this question of how Puerto Rico, from our view, can become a state. My preferred solution is Puerto Rico becoming a state. The tough solution would be becoming something different that what we are not.

Ultimately, we have a say in what happens to the people of Puerto Rico. Then, as I got involved in it, I started seeing all the problems in the island. I started looking around at political cycles. My brain, using my scientific preparation, started seeing that really every political cycle that came and went; there were these promises. The promises were, essentially, the same, even from opposite ends of the political spectrum. For instance, everyone wants a better economy and everyone wants a better education.

The devil is in the details on how it goes. But based on how limited the public discussion is, you could argue there are more ways to get that, but you could argue there are more inaccuracies. Seeing that, unless, we broke with that way of doing things.

Things were going to be the same. Using Einstein’s old adage, ‘Madness is defined by people who do the same experiments and expect different results.’ Not thinking about jumping into politics, I said, “What seems to me, there are complex problems in Puerto Rico. Nobody is touching them.”

If I veer off, take a hold of me, I will try to come back. In the case of Puerto Rico, it had a fiscal and economic collapse. That not only wasn’t like anything seen, barring Greece, in the world. It is a precautionary tale for countries moving forward and states if we’re looking at the United States.

It is complex. It is not just going to be saved by the moxy of somebody saying, “We need more jobs. I’m going to create more jobs.” We really need to dig in deep and question, “How are we going to do this?”

I said, “Let me set up a framework, so whoever runs can buy into it.” The framework was as follows. Let’s start preparing a long-term plan for Puerto Rico, that’s based on a 4-year path identifying the root cause problems.

People say, “The economy is a problem.” Sure, but what is the root of the problem? It is a symptom of other things occurring. Let’s land on these root problems, the second one was: Let’s see if we can go elsewhere, once we identify those problems, in the world, and see what are the best practices.

Even though, the idiosyncratic behaviour is different in the government structures. We can learn something from it, at the principle levee. Some of the guys and girls, and I, went to different countries. We went to Singapore, for example.

There, we studied a few something. Something called the T Government. What is called Urban Redevelopment Authority, which is really cool, we’re talking about how everywhere else infrastructure is falling down.

In Singapore, those guys solved it. They solved it 50 years ago. It is a long-term problem. You need long-term institutions to solve that, not those that change on the whims of politics every four years.

We went to Estonia to see, at the time, e-government. They were at the forefront at the time. We went to Finland to seen the education system to get best practices. We decided to do something, which was the turning point for me in running for office.

It was civic engagement. We went. The idea was: Let’s present what we think are the root-cause problems, and how they connect to what they feel everyday, let’s present what some other places are doing to tackle those problems, and let’s, maybe, present what we can do in Puerto Rico to see if it fits or not.

It was more a call for papers saying, “Hey, look at these things. Why don’t you help us find proposals for the island?” We did. I think it was very successful. At that point, when I decided to really go ahead and run for office, I was running against a guy who was a two-time congressman incumbent, clearly the leader of the party.

But I said, the crystallization moment, “I think this is a critical moment in the history of Puerto Rico. I think there are a lot of things that need to be done. A lot of those things may be hard to explain. But they need to do anyways.”

I don’t think anybody else will buy into this plan for Puerto Rico that we were doing. Long story short, I, through the moxy of that and engaging citizens, was able to squeak out a victory in the primaries by about 2%. I was able to squeak out a victory in the general election by about the same margin.

So, but what I had, which nobody else did before, was a great starting point to start executing reforms, I made everybody in our party sign a document saying that they would support the reforms. Otherwise, they would be kicked out of the party.

The problem: Not a lot of people read them, but they signed them because it was the thing to do. The first part of the administration, we were successful in enacting reform. We were able to push forward some external entities that have said that we were able to do more reform in 100 days than the previous 16 years combined.

It was, essentially, because we had the willpower before rather than arriving over there and starting to figure out what we wanted to do. It started moving along under the most challenging of circumstances. Puerto Rico, at that point, had a little under $300,000,000 in the bank. To give a sense that pays for two payrolls, for about a month’s worth of payrolls in Puerto Rico.

We have to figure out how get more money. We have to figure out how to kickstart the economy. At the same time, with our colonial history with the United States, six months before my administration; there was a fiscal oversight board, which was imposed in Puerto Rico.

So, lots of haggling, lots get done, by the end of Summer, as we were moving along, a black swan or a black elephant event occurs. We get struck, by not one but, two major hurricanes in Puerto Rico.

The first one was September 6, 2017. It was Hurricane Irma. We were able to bounce back quickly from that one. We were able to rescue 5,000 people from the neighbouring islands to give them support, help, and so forth.

The next was Hurricane Maria, which was, by all accounts, a 500- or 1,000-year storm. The strength of it, breadth of it, the complete devastation that it cost. It really set us back. As this thing was unfolding, I felt I had to work on three parallel tracks.

One, the immediate response, people were going to be dying, struggling for their lives. How do we stabilize that element? How could we provide food? How could we provide all these things? That lasted about 2 months, that period.

A typical storm lasts, maybe, a day. For us, it lasted two days. We had no electricity in any parts of the island. No way to communicate with anybody. Roads were clogged or broken down. Different to if this occurs in Vancouver or in Florida, neighbouring parts can come to the aid.

Neighbouring parts were disconnected by a sea. So, it took longer for them to get to Puerto Rico. That was the first phase. The second phase: How do we restore normalcy or a new normal? How do we recover from it?

That meant: When do we start schools? When does everybody have electricity again? The third phase, in my mind, the most exciting phase: the rebuild, how do we take this awful act of nature and try to turn it into something that we can build from?

The truth of matter is we now, or then, have the opportunity to rebuild effectively, to get a lot of federal funds more than ever, and redo our energy grid, redo our education system. That happened when we were getting to the normalization phase.

We went through a second phase of fundamental reforms on energy, on insurance, on poverty, on education, and so forth, to leverage the rebuilding and embed it into this new opportunity. I saw Puerto Rico. Some might find it crude. But we have a blank canvas now.

Pace-wise, instead of building Puerto Rico little by little, we can take a fell swoop at things and fix them. As things are moving forward, we’re stabilizing, reducing the size of government, making some social reform changes.

We abolished – or I had to abolish – conversion therapies in Puerto Rico because the Congress didn’t want to do it. So, I had to do it via executive order. We made equal pay for equal work for women. A lot was happening at the same time.

There was a sort of under-layer of resent and anger for, maybe, things I did, but also because of the environment. Some people didn’t have energy for a year. That’s just ludicrous to think about in the 21st-century.

That was the situation through it all. With the impetus of trying to do reforms, I think I created a lot of enemies. I did an energy reform that would shift energy towards renewables. The petroleum companies were not too happy. Let’s put it that way.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Rosselló: Similar to a lot of things, coming through to the Summer of ’19, some communications that I had with my government officials, close government officials, had inappropriate language. Of course, I regret using it.

Filtered out, all of the sudden, there was this perfect storm of things happening. Two months before, polls came out saying I would, essentially, win fairly easily if there was a re-election. Two months later, I had to take the determination to resign because of two things.

Number one, I was concerned about the safety of my family because there is a lot of emotion. I don’t blame anyone. It is just what happens. I realized, even if I stayed, I couldn’t do what I was supposed to do.

I did not have the wherewithal to execute the changes that I wanted to. So, if I stayed, I was, essentially, holding the island hostage for two more years. When push came to shove, obviously, after that, there were very unflattering things.

Obviously, part of my effort is correcting some of the record that were said. I made the decision, stayed about a week after – or 10 days approximately – to make the transition to give the opportunity for Puerto Rico to move forward.

Since then, I have stayed away. My mentality, I wanted to removed myself from the equation. Challenges still remain. Hopefully, things can move forward. It has been an interesting life. Obviously, during this process, I’ve reconnected, somewhat, with academia as well – doing some other things.

One of the things that I want to do based on my experience: share those experiences and tackle some of the mistakes I made, so other people can learn from them. Hopefully, Puerto Rico can be a cautionary tale for other jurisdictions of how these things unravel very quickly if you’re not paying attention to them.

That’s a longwinded – sorry if I overextended – account of what happened. There’s many other ways to spiral this. Of course, I will answer any questions coming to mind. That’s, essentially, an overview of what went along.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Former Governor, Puerto Rico.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-2; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Ph.D. in Bioengineering, Science, Being the Governor of Puerto Rico (2017-2019), and Resignation and Lessons Learned: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (2) [Online]. March 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-2.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, March 15). Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Ph.D. in Bioengineering, Science, Being the Governor of Puerto Rico (2017-2019), and Resignation and Lessons Learned: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-2.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Ph.D. in Bioengineering, Science, Being the Governor of Puerto Rico (2017-2019), and Resignation and Lessons Learned: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-2>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Ph.D. in Bioengineering, Science, Being the Governor of Puerto Rico (2017-2019), and Resignation and Lessons Learned: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-2.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Ph.D. in Bioengineering, Science, Being the Governor of Puerto Rico (2017-2019), and Resignation and Lessons Learned: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (March 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-2.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Ph.D. in Bioengineering, Science, Being the Governor of Puerto Rico (2017-2019), and Resignation and Lessons Learned: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-2>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Ph.D. in Bioengineering, Science, Being the Governor of Puerto Rico (2017-2019), and Resignation and Lessons Learned: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-2.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Ph.D. in Bioengineering, Science, Being the Governor of Puerto Rico (2017-2019), and Resignation and Lessons Learned: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): March. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-2>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Dr. Ricardo Rosselló Nevares on Ph.D. in Bioengineering, Science, Being the Governor of Puerto Rico (2017-2019), and Resignation and Lessons Learned: Former Governor, Puerto Rico (2) [Internet]. (2021, March 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/rossello-2.

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Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician & Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (3)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.D, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 3,704

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Erik Haereid is an Actuarial Scientist and Statistician. Eivind Olsen is the Chair of Mensa Norway. Tor Arne Jørgensen is the 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe. They discuss: the identification of the gifted students in Norway; Norwegian education; Norway improving its education; early childhood education; Mensa Norway; age limits and provisions for the youngest members of Mensa Norway; the upper limit of the measurements of the Mensa Norway proctored and accepted tests; Mensa Norway and the high-range test community; e of the barriers to the coordination and cooperation of the high-range communities with Mensa International or Mensa Norway and the consideration of the high-range community.

Keywords: Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, IQ, Mensa, Mensa Norway, Tor Arne Jørgensen.

Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician & Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (3)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: In terms of the identification of the gifted students in Norway, what are the ways in which to spot them?

Erik Haereid[1]*: Norway is an egalitarian society, where the Law of Jante rules. It’s a lot about suppressing each other, unless the common voice allows the single individual to shine. (I love my people, but I dislike this trait.) That happens with a few, who are marked as ideals. Concerning intelligence, we talk about Magnus Carlsen, who looks good, is young, eccentric and the world’s best in chess. But there are more than 100.000 persons in Norway with Mensa entrance-IQ-level and higher. The main problem is not to spot them, but wanting to keep focusing on them.

Until the society internalizes that there is no threat by providing gifted students an opportunity to evolve, like the society lets many of the cross-country skiers and other athletes do, it will suppress gifted people. It’s about changing views, from feeling personal threat to accept that one can profit on nurturing intelligent and gifted children and students. We have to see the benefits. The benefits by top-athletes are clear to us; people start jogging and feel happy, without comparing themselves like in a competition with those athletes. People have to do the same with gifted people. It’s about respect, about that some are smarter or more gifted in some areas than themselves, and about that they don’t lose worth because of that; on the contrary.

Tor Arne Jørgensen[2]*: Based on the task of “discovering” these most capable students, the general knowledge in our own country of Norway is at best very limited within the field of orientation. However, it should be said that some progress is being made and a few but obvious tell-tale signs can be found, that in turn is viewed as both highlighted as clear indicators, and representative to reveal of subject matter accordingly:

  1. The search for older friends/adults whom can meet them more intellectually.
  2. Constantly searching for new information and learning.
  3. Extended vocabulary, and early understanding of literacy, etc…
  4. Stagnating school teaching bores these students, as they constantly need new and innovative teachings that again can enable the teacher to capture their brilliant intellects.
  5. The imprint of the apparent cliché coated notation of a “class clown” is often used about these students, whereby one prejudices oneself in the fear of not standing out as the clever student that everyone wants to pick on.
  6. Lastly, the overly recognizable designation of «Drop-out» whereby the system fails to catch these students dropping out from schools altogether.

Eivind Olsen[3],[4]: Parents often “know”, but at the same time, parents can also be blinded by the feeling that *their* kid is special. Teachers will also “know”, but there’s not always resources to test the kids. Testing of kids normally happen if either the parents are willing to pay for it at a psychologist, or if the kid is “acting out” in class. There’s no widespread testing so many go undetected.

Jacobsen: How does Norway educate them?

Haereid: Like the others.

Jørgensen: Firstly, Norway does almost nothing to educate these gifted students. Will by that proclaim my statement for the purpose as to address the primary school education system in Norway, by way of exemplifying a purpose directed status quo, as to point out its direct relevance based on which has the greatest impact on these students due to their relatively long education, spanning from early childhood to early adolescence. My personal experiences are by that notation, that the Norwegian schools seem to be knowledge-oriented impaired when it comes to the theme about gifted students, with reference to their innate teaching requirements to get an adapted, as well as purpose-oriented, by implicit targeted schooling. The Norwegian education systems extremely lack knowledge, and extremely lack commitment in order to focus on these students is by that, nothing short of horrible.

I have addressed this issue before in my article in the religious high IQ magazine; Deus Vult, whereby I pointed out a tremendous skewed distribution of resources, according to the learning of weak students who receive full coverage of teacher staffing, and sharpened knowledge tools that follow their specially adapted educational courses from kindergarten level up to and out of high school level. This follow-up system does not include these gifted students, not in the least, at best these gifted students are transferred to a school level above their original school level, or, as in most cases left to fend for themselves, because as the school management always says: “These school-savvy are so self-driven”. When I took my practical pedagogical education (PPU) at the University of Notodden in the South-East of Norway, a fellow student group in pedagogy did a research assignment, that dealt with these gifted students and looked for what type of school programs that was purpose intended and directed at gifted students at these schools. Use of method, was to seek out what type of general knowledge there was to be found in some selected schools in central Norway.

Their findings corresponded to what I expected them to find with regards to my daily profession as a teacher, that these schools had no knowledge of what their obligations were, nor as to what they could do to properly guide these gifted students in their educational course. The Norwegian Directorate of Education (UDIR) has just recently taken up a separate section, where these gifted students appear with vague concretes in accordance with what the primary and lower secondary schools themselves must commit to in accordance with the gifted student educational program and the rights that follow these programs.

In terms of educating these gifted students who represent around 10% of the total number of students in Norway, the Norwegian schools violate these mandatory rights of the gifted students daily! I hope that in the future I can have the opportunity to shed some light on this enormous problem in order to help these gifted students achieving their full potential on an equal footing with regards to the learning weak students at the other end of the intelligence spectrum. This is principle-based on the human rights act, that all children are entitled to the same education according to their inherent abilities. We must therefore now, establish equality before the law for all students, weak and strong!

Olsen: The teachers in the regular school system often don’t have time, resources or knowledge to handle gifted children. When they do, though, they frequently end up giving the kids more tasks, which might almost be seen as some form of punishment. “Oh, you’re done already? Here, solve these equations as well.” In some cases, kids have been allowed to skip a year. Gifted children are not legally guaranteed to get individually adjusted education, that seems to be reserved for the ones struggling in the other end of the pond.

There has been talks about opening up private schools for gifted children, but so far that hasn’t happened either. It seems easy enough to open a private school if it’s based on religion or sports though, but not when it’s based on intellectual giftedness/potential.

Jacobsen: How could Norway improve its education of them?

Haereid: First, accepting the gifted ones, then providing additional environments that give them the necessary freedom to use their abilities. It’s more about a cultural acceptance of extra provisions, than removing the children or students from the others.

It’s about making them feel good, to take charge of themselves and the society, and mix it to a social and common advantage. Creating egocentric capitalists and opportunists is not wanted. I guess this is one possible consequence the authorities are afraid of by making too severe divisions into an already steady egalitarian educational and welfare-system, which already functions quite well concerning the economy.

Jørgensen: Here I must first point out by directing focus on some of the issues mentioned above about the various components that include, the point-by-point concrete references of previously exemplified paragraphs, that this is just one of many ways to recognize that there is an actual problem that must be dutifully addressed according to its severity. But before all this can be started, a serious policy must be properly place, whereby The Norwegian Directorate of Education (UDIR), must have its direct guidelines presented by key political actors, so the way forward is to then properly place the impoder [sic] of the case promoted by proposals and implementation by and for these implementation statutes. Next, the articles of association must be made subjects to the Education Act with a direct reference to immediate measures for these gifted students.

But sadly with regards to the educational policy about these gifted students in schools today whereby an in-depth continuing debate may be presented in its entirety, one experiences that going further into a complementary political debate at the present time may seem futile for now. Will by that notion rather present an expectant hope, that the correct political bodies can now have its final awakening surrounding the debate about gifted students as to the ongoing neglect and ineffective schooling at the expense of negligent involvement on the part of key political actors within school policy, whereby an ongoing skewed distribution is based on prevailing school policy surrounding the Norwegian gifted students in todays schooling programs.

Olsen: It would help if gifted children were legally entitled to individually adjusted education.

Jacobsen: What are some of the things that can help with early childhood education of the profoundly gifted, arguably the most sensitive ability category and exceptional ability category due to significant and obvious mentation differences from same-age peers?

Haereid: I am not sure to which degree one should split very young humans from each other. Everyone needs friends, and to feel socially connected. But assimilation is about using what one has, to everyone’s advantage. It’s not only about how to exploit giftedness, but how to use it for mankind’s best. It’s not a lack of motivation or to find the right path that is the main problem for the gifted child. The challenge is to provide circumstances that make this motivation endure.

To deny a profoundly gifted child its opportunities is as devastating as deny that child a normal social contact. Children need to play and have fun together. If parents and the adult society force prodigies to nurture their gift, it could end as catastrophic as forcing them to be normal.

As a system, one could give gifted children the opportunity to use their abilities, as in separated classes and with special teachers, some hours during the week, and at the same time imprint to the other children that this is not bad for them. I think this has to do with focusing on the other children’s abilities as well. The problem occurs when some define some children better than others, and not by defining some as good at something and others at other things.

Jørgensen: Since there are no clear guidelines within Norwegian public education, hereby understood as the Norwegian Directorate of Education (UDIR) and their exercise of diligence. The Directorate of Education is perceived as then of an weakening confidence, both in terms of idealistic and innovative innovations within the mentioned topic. Consequently, this is justified on the basis of their deficient appropriate indicators, which are indicatively strongly attached within their subsequent specific declarations minted directly at these gifted students and their God-given right to equal education. Thus promoted, as well as desirably presented, to be consolidated in accordance with the same principled statutes as to what their counterpart receives, hereby referring to the special education law’s statutory directives within Norwegian schools regarding student base recipients of special education.

Summed up, an explicit repeal of targeted legislation must be clarified on a point-by-point basis in the Education Act, where scholastic clearing implicators are given with the applicable indicative ratifications regarding; subject material, earmarked for state support by newly acquired competent pedagogical personnel who in turn can carry out targeted pedagogical activities, by and for gifted pupils in Norwegian schools with the assurance of equal education by «all» students hereby enshrined in the Norwegian Education Act.

Olsen: Personally, I believe that broader testing of all the pupils (not just of the “troublemakers”) and following up on the results would be an improvement. Sure, it would require more resources initially but I think it would pay off eventually.

Jacobsen: How does Mensa Norway deal with these issues?

Haereid: Eivind is the best man to answer this.

Jørgensen: This is best answered by Mr Olsen.

Olsen: We have our gifted children resource group that are working on this. As I mentioned previously, we’ve sent answers on a hearing regarding a suggested new law for education. And we have initiated a process to bring more information about gifted children to the schools and teachers, with one major point being that they shouldn’t assume that every gifted child will be fine on their own, “after all, they’re gifted so they’ll figure it out by themselves”.

Jacobsen: What are the age limits and provisions for the youngest members of Mensa Norway?

Haereid: Eivind…

Jørgensen: Do not know.

Olsen: The only qualifications needed to become a member initially is to have taken a valid intelligence test showing them to be in the top 2 %, and to pay the membership fee. There are no other eligibility requirements, such as age limits. That being said, we don’t have a very large percentage of non-adult members. This gives us the “chicken and egg”-problem; it can be tricky to provide for the social aspect when there’s not that many members in your own age group. There are other organisations that are focusing more on providing a social environment for the gifted children, such as Lykkelige Barn (“Happy children”, https://www.lykkeligebarn.no/). We’re more than happy to inform people about them, even if we’re not formally affiliated with them.

Jacobsen: What is the upper limit of the measurements of the Mensa Norway proctored and accepted tests, so the range of scores with the appropriate standard deviation?

Haereid: I don’t know.

Jørgensen: Again best answered by the Mensa Norway leader.

Olsen: The proctored test we provide has an upper limit of “IQ 135 or higher, at SD 15”. This is sufficient for our use, and for what most people would need. As for the other accepted tests: it depends. There are several, but we don’t have a complete list. Accepting (or not) external tests is the prerogative of our test psychologist.

I believe the normal WISC and WAIS tests go up to 160, with SD 15 as well.

Jacobsen: How can Mensa Norway and the high-range test community coordinate or work together more in some early steps of cooperation if not done at this time?

Haereid: My impression is that Mensa Norway is skeptical to this environment, not at least because they don’t rely on the authenticity of the tests, the norms, if the testees cooperate with someone and so on. It’s a homage to the cemented psychometric accepted tools, and a corresponding contempt for tests aspiring to measure intelligence, e.g. the amateur tests made by people who, some of them, scores among the highest on Mensa-accepted tests (like CFIT and WAIS).

One step is to create stricter IQ-norms and tests in the HR-environment. That could be done by constituting a leadership, an instance inside HR that put stars, like Michelin, on tests concerning their validity and reliability, and establishing common norms on those best tests (let’s say with 1, 2 or 3 stars). Then we could exclude the bad tests and every norm made by single creators.

A second step is to evolve some kind of control as to untimed tests. I think these tests are valuable because they measure something more than the timed “easy” ones. All proctored and accepted tests are timed. IQexams.net is a place that strives for something like this; they combine timed and untimed tests, and stretch for uniform norms.

I think a cooperation would be groundbreaking, and a step towards acceptance of more types of IQ-tests aiming to measure intelligence. Maybe the psychometricians, the psychologists, would disagree, because of the so far unstable construction of the HR-tests. But I think such a cooperation could benefit the whole IQ-environment in the long run.

Jørgensen: In the hope of experiencing some kind of early coexistence between Mensa Norway and the high-range community. Then a more sober lying policy must be in place first according to high-range communities within, whereby the implementations of body’s intentions depend on creating stability, as well as the correctness of their individual-based leading figurants with subsequent targeted infinites.

Only when this is in place, then one can look over to the “other” side to put it that way, in the sense of being beyond one`s own statute. The engraving species functional tasks are then understood out of its prominent being, where entrusted to its declaring mandate that a possible cooperation can be produced according to its organist functionalists consisting constructs.

Olsen: That’s a difficult question to answer, as there doesn’t really seem to be much of an active high-range IQ community in Norway. Perhaps the best suggestion I can give is the obvious one: join Mensa Norway, and put in some effort in the areas you wish. We’re more than happy to support initiatives that align with our constitutional goals.

Jacobsen: What seem like some of the barriers to the coordination and cooperation of the high-range communities with Mensa International or Mensa Norway, in particular, if taking into account many members of the high-range communities remain members of Mensa International via local or national representatives or chapters?

Haereid: Attaining more mutual respect. To gain respect you have to listen and look. And the first issue is as mentioned about the tests’ credibility.

Jørgensen: Well the foremost barrier concepts between their polarized thiogramic discrepancy hereby understood as Mensa International on one side, and the high-range communities on the other side. Will by that, start by addressing the explicitly construct with regards to their metronome autocratic forums, whereby it is presented within a presumed alienated statute surrounded by its self-exalted status to which the contaminating paradox is implied. The assessment of its legislative conditions of one’s identity is therefore produced through the consideration of its leading discrepancy consequently as a basis for the question formulated constructs. What does this mean, well simply explained, one must first clarify the grounds of factualization by the extent of which a common unionization is indeed feasible.

Secondly, hereby promotively understood by and for the leading homonymous fortifications and if it can again be proven realizable through a unification of the pole oriented structures regarding the conglomerate respectalizing and their processes, hereby promoted through their tentative extracts as to a possible positive outcome of respectable unionization between Mensa International and the high-range community. As for the outcome of unification of these polarized opponents, well one can only hope for a positive result in the end.

Olsen: For Norway, I think the problem is as mentioned in the previous answer: there just doesn’t seem to be any active high-range community here outside of Mensa Norway. If one such community were to exist, I might have had a more informative answer. As for the international scene, I don’t know whether there has been attempts at contact or why that didn’t come to fruition.

Jacobsen: What would make the consideration of the high-range community more serious within the regular mainstream testing community of Mensa International and others? How could Norway be a leader in this?

Haereid: Creating a leadership, common norms, “Michelin” stars on tests depending of factors that make a test as best as possible, timed or untimed. One problem is that “everyone” creates tests, and make norms, and there are no or just a little supervision or control. The statistical measures are not sufficient. But there are huge differences between the tests, and some authors are more into psychometrics than others. There should be some kind of qualification mark on the tests.

I think the Swedish guy Hans Sjöberg has started a good job here (creator of IQExams.net). The HR community has to establish some common rules, and in cooperation with Mensa or professional psychometricians that want and believe in a future HR-environment with more serious tests gathered under an umbrella.

Jørgensen: Firstly, I guess that from Mensa International point of view with reference of recognition of its overall standard towards the high-range community, is hereby executive exemplary shown accordingly by the fact that the high-range communities is not perceived as a matter of nonsense, but could rather be considered hereby understood as a type of «social camaraderie», whereby means through common interests can lift the impletory impressions outwardly for the common good.

This can only be done by clarifying the «awareness of responsibility” by the high-range communities’ own standards through the equality of a uniform expression brought forward out of respect by one’s own reformatted forum. Only if this proves to be feasible, then the road can be laid further, where mutual understanding and recognition receive the necessary main focus that in turn may seem like the foundation of a hereby understood unison format.

Secondly, regarding Mensa Norway’s possibilities of lead a conglomerate of different online communities towards a conciliatory unison forum. Well if one can hereby look at the stamp of professionalism at its central core, with the understandable purpose of agreeing on common political values, where mutual respect, test correlations and their subsequent implicit functions fulfilled by allowing itself to come into play. Furthermore, to create a new platform that can also act as an intermediary between Mensa International and the high-range community, whereby the best of both worlds can create a new foundation that in turn can be distributed back outwards onto both sides by reasons as to strengthen the grassroots movement by preeminent purpose as to recruit on further, then we will bear witness of the proper consolidation.

Olsen: I’m not sure. We can’t make use of / accept the various high-range IQ tests until they’re accepted by our test psychologists (both nationally and internationally), and that’s probably not going to happen without a solid foundation, proper norming, etc.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1]  Erik Haereid has been a member of Mensa since 2013, and is among the top scorers on several of the most credible IQ-tests in the unstandardized HRT-environment. He is listed in the World Genius Directory. He is also a member of several other high IQ Societies.

Erik, born in 1963, grew up in OsloNorway, in a middle class home at Grefsen nearby the forest, and started early running and cross country skiing. After finishing schools he studied mathematics, statistics and actuarial science at the University of Oslo. One of his first glimpses of math-skills appeared after he got a perfect score as the only student on a five hour math exam in high school.

He did his military duty in His Majesty The King’s Guard (Drilltroppen)).

Impatient as he is, he couldn’t sit still and only studying, so among many things he worked as a freelance journalist in a small news agency. In that period, he did some environmental volunteerism with Norges Naturvernforbund (Norwegian Society for the Conservation of Nature), where he was an activist, freelance journalist and arranged ‘Sykkeldagen i Oslo’ twice (1989 and 1990) as well as environmental issues lectures. He also wrote some crime short stories in A-Magasinet (Aftenposten (one of the main newspapers in Norway), the same paper where he earned his runner up (second place) in a nationwide writing contest in 1985. He also wrote several articles in different newspapers, magazines and so on in the 1980s and early 1990s.

He earned an M.Sc. degree in Statistics and Actuarial Sciences in 1991, and worked as an actuary novice/actuary from 1987 to 1995 in several Norwegian Insurance companies. He was the Academic Director (1998-2000) of insurance at the BI Norwegian Business School (1998-2000), Manager (1997-1998) of business insurance, life insurance, and pensions and formerly Actuary (1996-1997) at Nordea in Oslo Area, Norway, a self-employed Actuary Consultant (1996-1997), an Insurance Broker (1995-1996) at Assurance Centeret, Actuary (1991-1995) at Alfa Livsforsikring, novice Actuary (1987-1990) at UNI Forsikring.

In 1989 he worked in a project in Dallas with a Texas computer company for a month incorporating a Norwegian pension product into a data system. Erik is specialized in life insurance and pensions, both private and business insurances. From 1991 to 1995 he was a main part of developing new life insurance saving products adapted to bank business (Sparebanken NOR), and he developed the mathematics behind the premiums and premium reserves.

He has industry experience in accounting, insurance, and insurance as a broker. He writes in his IQ-blog the online newspaper Nettavisen. He has personal interests among other things in history, philosophy and social psychology.

In 1995, he moved to Aalborg in Denmark because of a Danish girl he met. He worked as an insurance broker for one year, and took advantage of this experience later when he developed his own consultant company.

In Aalborg, he taught himself some programming (Visual Basic), and developed an insurance calculation software program which he sold to a Norwegian Insurance Company. After moving to Oslo with his girlfriend, he was hired as consultant by the same company to a project that lasted one year.

After this, he became the Manager of business insurance in the insurance company Norske Liv. At that time he had developed and nurtured his idea of establishing an actuarial consulting company, and he did this after some years on a full-time basis with his actuarial colleague. In the beginning, the company was small. He had to gain money, and worked for almost two years as an Academic Director of insurance at the BI Norwegian Business School.

Then the consultant company started to grow, and he quitted BI and used his full time in NIA (Nordic Insurance Administration). This was in 1998/99, and he has been there since.

NIA provides actuarial consulting services within the pension and life insurance area, especially towards the business market. They was one of the leading actuarial consulting companies in Norway through many years when Defined Benefit Pension Plans were on its peak and companies needed evaluations and calculations concerning their pension schemes and accountings. With the less complex, and cheaper, Defined Contribution Pension Plans entering Norway the last 10-15 years, the need of actuaries is less concerning business pension schemes.

Erik’s book from 2011, Benektelse og Verdighet, contains some thoughts about our superficial, often discriminating societies, where the virtue seems to be egocentrism without thoughts about the whole. Empathy is lacking, and existential division into “us” and “them” is a mental challenge with major consequences. One of the obstacles is when people with power – mind, scientific, money, political, popularity – defend this kind of mind as “necessary” and “survival of the fittest” without understanding that such thoughts make the democracies much more volatile and threatened. When people do not understand the genesis of extreme violence like school killings, suicide or sociopathy, asking “how can this happen?” repeatedly, one can wonder how smart man really is. The responsibility is not limited to let’s say the parents. The responsibility is everyone’s. The day we can survive, mentally, being honest about our lives and existence, we will take huge leaps into the future of mankind.

[2] Tor Arne Jørgensen is a member of 50+ high IQ societies, including World Genius Directory, NOUS High IQ Society, 6N High IQ Society just to name a few. He has several IQ scores above 160+ sd15 among high range tests like Gift/Gene Verbal, Gift/Gene Numerical of Iakovos Koukas and Lexiq of Soulios.

Tor Arne was also in 2019, nominated for the World Genius Directory 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe. He is the only Norwegian to ever have achieved this honor. He has also been a contributor to the Genius Journal Logicon, in addition to being the creater of toriqtests.com, where he is the designer of now eleven HR-tests of both verbal/numerical varient.

His further interests are related to intelligence, creativity, education developing regarding gifted students. Tor Arne has an bachelor`s degree in history and a degree in Practical education, he works as a teacher within the following subjects: History, Religion, and Social Studies.

[3] Eivind Olsen is the current chair of Mensa Norway. He has scored “135 or higher” (SD15) on the test used by Mensa Norway. He has also previously been tested with WISC-R and Raven’s. He recently took the MOCA test and aced it. When he’s not busy herding cats, he works in IT. He sometimes spends time with family and friends.

Eivind Olsen is a member of Mensa Norway since 2014, having filled various roles since then (chair of Mensa Bergen regional group, national test coordinator, deputy board member, and now chair).

He was born in Bergen, Norway, in 1976, but has lived in a few other places in Norway, including military service in the far north of the country.

Since he got bored at school and didn’t have any real idea what he wanted to do, he took vocational school where he studied electronics repair. He has worked in a different field ever since (IT operations).

He is currently residing in Bergen, Norway, with his significant other, 2+2 offspring, 2 cats and a turtle.

[4] Individual Publication Date: March 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-3; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician & Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (3) [Online]. March 2021; 26(D). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-3.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, March 15). Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician & Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (3). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-3.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician & Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (3). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.D, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-3>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician & Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.D. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-3.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician & Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.D (March 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-3.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician & Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.D. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-3>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician & Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (3)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.D., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-3.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician & Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (3).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.D (2021): March. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-3>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Norwegians of the High-Range Discussion with Erik Haereid, Eivind Olsen, and Tor Arne Jørgensen: Statistician & Actuarial Scientist; Chair, Mensa Norway; 2019 Genius of the Year – Europe, World Genius Directory (3) [Internet]. (2021, March 26(D). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/norway-3.

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Conversation with Michael Baker on Blue Collar Labour, Geniuses, Deism, Collective Intelligence, and His Dog: Member, CIVIQ Society (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,779

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Michael Baker is a Member of the CivIQ Society, SPIQR, EPIDA, ISI-S, Logiq, IQuadrivium, EPIQ, and IIS. He has sat on numerous executive boards, given more than 100 educational presentations and keynotes, represented the Pennsylvania Department of Education in sharing updates on the Classrooms for the Future program to the US Congress, and been recognized by the National School Board Association as a 20 to Watch in Education. He discusses: growing up; a sense of an extended self; the family background; the experience with peers and schoolmates; some professional certifications; the purpose of intelligence tests; high intelligence discovered; the extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses; the greatest geniuses in history; a genius from a profoundly intelligent person; profound intelligence necessary for genius; work experiences and jobs; particular job path; the gifted and geniuses; God; science; the tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations); the range of the scores; ethical philosophy; social philosophy; economic philosophy; political philosophy; metaphysics; philosophical system; meaning in life; meaning externally derived, internally generated; an afterlife; the mystery and transience of life; and love.

Keywords: blue-collar labour, CivIQ Society, collective intelligence, deism, EPIDA, EPIQ, IIS, Iquadrivium, ISI-S, Logiq, Michael Baker, SPIQR.

Conversation with Michael Baker on Blue Collar Labour, Geniuses, Deism, Collective Intelligence, and His Dog: Member, CIVIQ Society (1)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: When you were growing up, what were some of the prominent family stories being told over time?

Michael Baker[1],[2]*: Growing up, my family was made up of steelworkers, construction workers, coal miners, and laborers.  I was drilled on the idea of working smart not hard.  My family didn’t hide their faults and frequently modeled how to be a better person.  All of my family encouraged me to be something different.  

Jacobsen: Have these stories helped provide a sense of an extended self or a sense of the family legacy? 

Baker: Each day, I follow in the footsteps of my family’s encouragement.  Although far from perfect, I hope to set an example for the next generation.  This is what gives me purpose. 

Jacobsen: What was the family background, e.g., geography, culture, language, and religion or lack thereof?

Baker:  I spent some of my youth in the middle class and another in poverty.  The plight of the steel mills in Western Pennsylvania impacted a lot of local families in this way.  We were not an academically focused family, but curious and happy.  Religion never played a true role in my upbringing.  Although I’ve always felt myself a deist, formal religion was never ingrained in me. 

Jacobsen: How was the experience with peers and schoolmates as a child and an adolescent?

Baker: I was quiet but curious.  I would have never stood out.  I think I was in second grade when we were first given a large group aptitude test.  Although I was an amazingly normal student, the school took interest in me after receiving my score.  I was placed in the advanced classes and started to be exposed to a lot of new experiences.  I found my best friends through these classes.  My classmates were deep and knew so much more than me.  Because we were a small school, I stayed with most of the dozen or fewer students throughout high school.  My friends didn’t ask if I would go to college.  They asked what I was planning on majoring in and where would I go.  Being from a family that didn’t have any previous college students, my peers gave me the drive to chase a dream I didn’t know I had.  I am proof that your circle of friends can have a greater impact on your life than even your family. 

Jacobsen: What have been some professional certifications, qualifications, and trainings earned by you?

Baker: I have undergraduate degrees in Elementary and Early Childhood Education and  a minor in Music with emphases in Math and Science.  I received my Master’s Degree in Curriculum and Technology and just recently I finished some post-graduate work in Computational Thinking.  

Jacobsen: What is the purpose of intelligence tests to you?

Baker: They gave me opportunities when nobody seemed to notice me.  

Jacobsen: When was high intelligence discovered for you?

Baker: In my youth, the only real test I took was a group test called the OLSAT.  I think I was in 7th grade.  I missed 1 on the test and outscored all of the gifted students.  When I first started college, I intended to be an engineer.  I took an aptitude test on mechanical ability and was one of a handful of students who receive the 99th percentile.  When I took my first psychology course, our professor gave us the Ravens Progressive Matrices test and he told me privately I received the highest score he has ever had in his classes.  To this day, I have no idea what ‘my number’ really is.  I know I have some natural talents, but am ok with the mystery of my ranking!

Jacobsen: When you think of the ways in which the geniuses of the past have either been mocked, vilified, and condemned if not killed, or praised, flattered, platformed, and revered, what seems like the reason for the extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses? Many alive today seem camera shy – many, not all.

Baker: Intellect is only one piece of the equation.  Social and emotional intelligence help to harness support and collective intelligence.  Many people smarter than me can lack humility and openness to different ideas.  I try to categorize problems into quantitative and qualitative buckets.  In much of science and mathematics, quantitative solutions can be expressed in a binary way.  In the humanities and society, we see more qualitative problems.  The solutions can be infinite and require relationships, empathy, and popularity to ignite the wisdom of the crowds.  Being smart will always make a larger impact when you are likable.  Innovations only need to be driven by quantitative solutions. 

Jacobsen: Who seems like the greatest geniuses in history to you?

Baker: People like Rosa Parks, Grace Hopper, Upton Sinclair, or anyone else that breaks the functional fixedness society establishes over time.  They are people that conquer qualitatively problems with lasting impact. 

Jacobsen: What differentiates a genius from a profoundly intelligent person?

Baker: A genius changes the world and leaves his/her footprints for future generations to follow. 

Jacobsen: Is profound intelligence necessary for genius?

Baker: No.  Henry Ford was considered to have average intelligence and Andy Worhol was considered dull.  The very idea the reader knows these names speak volumes about their impact. 

Jacobsen: What have been some work experiences and jobs held by you?

Baker: For the majority of my work career, I have had the honor to teach elementary students.  First computers and about 6 years ago, I began teaching STEM.  As a youth, I worked in construction, the steel industry, labor, and a number of side jobs.  The entire time, my family reminded me these were only temporary until I started my career. 

Jacobsen: Why pursue this particular job path?

Baker: You have the greatest impact as a teacher on younger students.  

Jacobsen: What are some of the more important aspects of the idea of the gifted and geniuses? Those myths pervade the cultures of the world. What are those myths? What truths dispel them?

Baker: The first myth would be that they are easy to spot.  I have grown to understand the dunning–kruger effect.  Many people focus attention on confidence and accolades when deciding whom to place their trust.  I have found passion and empathy to better ingredients in the crowd I prefer to follow.  

Jacobsen: Any thoughts on the God concept or gods idea and philosophy, theology, and religion?

BakerI feel comfortable in calling myself a deist.  If I am wrong, I chalk that up to my human imperfection.  I do respect the importance of all religions.  In many ways, religion solves a lot of qualitative problems caused when groups lack faith.  

Jacobsen: How much does science play into the worldview for you?

BakerScience is life.  I understand so little but can learn so much from just listening to those that are curious.  

Jacobsen: What have been some of the tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations) for you?

BakerMy lowest score came in second grade on the Stanford Ability Test 127.  This is the test that changed my trajectory in life.  The OLSAT was 143.  The Ravens was 150+.  I really enjoy the tests created by Ivan Ivec and have several of my performances listed on his site.  My favorite test I ever took was the SLSE by Jonathan Wai.  I felt my 150+ score was an accomplishment.  Although I don’t share my results with anyone in my direct life, I enjoy seeing my ability to push myself and think deeper.  

Jacobsen: What is the range of the scores for you? The scores earned on alternative intelligence tests tend to produce a wide smattering of data points rather than clusters, typically.

BakerSince college, I typically range between 147-157 on tests I take.

Jacobsen: What ethical philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Baker: The Golden Rule exists in almost every religion for a reason.  Collective intelligence is proven to be the most consistent path to long-term success.  This is why my philosophy is to be nice and try to empathize with everyone you meet.  

Jacobsen: What social philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Baker: Concepts like the Diffusion of Innovation and the Tragedy of the Commons have been very useful in understanding why some things succeed while others fail.  

Jacobsen: What economic philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Baker: Money doesn’t really exist.  All economies are based on trust and faith.  Be careful when trust and faith are fractured.  

Jacobsen: What political philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?  

Baker: e pluribus unum – Out of many one.  In the US, our founding fathers understood the importance of group decisions and diversity of power.  I’m not so sure the US always remembers its roots.  This concerns me for the future.  

Jacobsen: What metaphysics makes some sense to you, even the most workable sense to you?

Baker: Things are the way they are until we say otherwise.  =)

Jacobsen: What worldview-encompassing philosophical system makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Baker: I’ve always been a believer in collective intelligence.  This concept only works when you have leadership that can focus on the qualitative needs of the group without personal gain or bias.  Movements that promote elitism gather strong support from the group but fail to spread beyond the entitled.  Our future is together.  This would be the antithesis of an Orwellian view.  A society that promotes every individual’s purpose will always be stronger than a group that attempts to define how each person should live their lives. 

Jacobsen: What provides meaning in life for you?

Baker: Helping others

Jacobsen: Is meaning externally derived, internally generated, both, or something else?

Baker: I guess I enjoy the Oxytocin boost, but I like to think I make the world a little better each day. 

Jacobsen: Do you believe in an afterlife? If so, why, and what form? If not, why not?

Baker: I don’t think life is a line, line segment, or ray in time.  You focus on what you can at each moment and work towards goals for the future.  Neural pruning does a nice job of helping us forget and re-invent the past.  I guess the afterlife is created from the waves you make that help carry the future voyagers forward on this pale blue dot.  

Jacobsen: What do you make of the mystery and transience of life?

Baker: It’s a story you read and write as you go.  There is always something exciting only a page away!  

Jacobsen: What is love to you? 

Baker: My family – including my dog. 

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, CivIQ Society; Member, SPIQR; Member, EPIDA; Member, ISI-S; Member, Logiq; Member, IQuadrivium; Member, EPIQ; Member, IIS.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/baker-1; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Michael Baker on Blue Collar Labour, Geniuses, Deism, Collective Intelligence, and His Dog: Member, CIVIQ Society (1) [Online]. March 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/baker-1.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, March 15). Conversation with Michael Baker on Blue Collar Labour, Geniuses, Deism, Collective Intelligence, and His Dog: Member, CIVIQ Society (1). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/baker-1.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Michael Baker on Blue Collar Labour, Geniuses, Deism, Collective Intelligence, and His Dog: Member, CIVIQ Society (1). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/baker-1>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Michael Baker on Blue Collar Labour, Geniuses, Deism, Collective Intelligence, and His Dog: Member, CIVIQ Society (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/baker-1.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Michael Baker on Blue Collar Labour, Geniuses, Deism, Collective Intelligence, and His Dog: Member, CIVIQ Society (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (March 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/baker-1.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Michael Baker on Blue Collar Labour, Geniuses, Deism, Collective Intelligence, and His Dog: Member, CIVIQ Society (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/baker-1>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Michael Baker on Blue Collar Labour, Geniuses, Deism, Collective Intelligence, and His Dog: Member, CIVIQ Society (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/baker-1.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Michael Baker on Blue Collar Labour, Geniuses, Deism, Collective Intelligence, and His Dog: Member, CIVIQ Society (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): March. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/baker-1>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Michael Baker on Blue Collar Labour, Geniuses, Deism, Collective Intelligence, and His Dog: Member, CIVIQ Society (1) [Internet]. (2021, March 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/baker-1.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Bob Williams on Davide Piffer, Francis Galton, Hans Eysenck, Arthur Jensen, Richard Haier and Rex Jung, Scientists and Artists, Howard Gardner, Robert Sternberg, and Charles Spearman: Retired Nuclear Physicist (3)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 4,044

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Bob Williams is a Member of the Triple Nine Society, Mensa International, and the International Society for Philosophical Enquiry. He discusses: the more evidenced theories of creativity similar to g or general intelligence as the majority position of researchers in the field of general intelligence; theories of genius; the main figures in these areas of creativity and genius connected to the research on g; personality differences between scientists and artists; conscientiousness; the ability to think; the expected probability of genius at higher and higher cognitive rarities; Howard Gardner; Robert Sternberg; the works of Arthur Jensen building on Charles Spearman; and the questions remaining about genius.

Keywords: Arthur Jensen, Bob Williams, Charles Spearman, creativity, Davide Piffer, Francis Galton, g, general intelligence, genius, Hans Eysenck, Howard Gardner, Rex Jung, Ricard Haier, Robert Sternberg.

Conversation with Bob Williams on Davide Piffer, Francis Galton, Hans Eysenck, Arthur Jensen, Richard Haier and Rex Jung, Scientists and Artists, Howard Gardner, Robert Sternberg, and Charles Spearman: Retired Nuclear Physicist (3)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Now, I want to touch on another orbiting topic to intelligence research, which comes from this notion of genius. What are some of the more evidenced theories of creativity similar to g or general intelligence as the majority position of researchers in the field of general intelligence?

Bob Williams[1],[2]*: The evidence lies primarily in neurology. Creativity measurements are not as informative as intelligence measures. We understand g well and have a massive amount of research to support the structure of intelligence, g, the underlying neurology, and finally the genetics picture is coming together. Even in personality, there is a general factor, but if a general factor has emerged from studies of creativity, I have not seen it. Davide Piffer wrote a paper that specifically addressed the question of a general factor of creativity. He made a convincing argument that aspects of creativity were distinct at the descriptive and neurological levels and would, therefore, be unlikely to yield a general factor. Piffer also presented good criticisms of various past studies, particularly with regard to the construct validity of various creativity tests.

Part of the problem is that much of the literature relating creativity and intelligence preceded latent variable analysis. Another part is that creativity is inherently more difficult to measure than intelligence. In intelligence research, we can easily test for the g loading of a category of test items and see if the loading is high enough to justify its use in a battery of test items, such as an IQ test. In creativity measures, the things being measured are sometimes quite removed from the thing we implicitly understand as creativity. 

The other aspect of creativity measures is that people do not have the same degree of agreement as to how a creative response should be graded. For example, one common test of creativity is the alternate uses test, in which a person is asked to list as many alternate uses for a common object (brick, paperclip, etc.) as possible in a short period of time. This is essentially a test of fluency (for example, list words beginning with the letter H). Even when used directly (without grading of individual responses) there is a claimed connection between fluency and creativity.  When the responses are graded by judges, according to the level of creativity, the results are claimed to be better. It is obvious that this sort of test is not a close match with the things we expect are happening when a person is exhibiting creative output.

The neurology of creativity is where I see real explanatory results. For example, creative brains should show these:

  • The inhibitory function is low or can be made low by the executive function. When the brain has a low inhibitory function, it rejects fewer stimuli, creating opportunities for remote associations. While this is good for creative output, it is opposite of the best function for problem solving.
  • Some brains presumably have direct connectivity between parts that are usually combined only by passing through multiple nodes. This also increases the opportunity for unrelated ideas or knowledge to become associated.
  • The brain is able to enter the default mode network (DMN) and generate ideas there. This is the network most associated with creativity.
  • Leaky attention (the opposite of maintaining focus) relates to the inhibitory function.
  • The ability to create remote associations relates to all of the creativity factors.

These brain characteristics tell us that, like intelligence, creativity depends on special properties of the brain. Curiously, these properties seem to sometimes be opposite to those we associate with high intelligence. While we do not have a parallel between intelligence and creativity, in the general factor sense, we do have a set of brain features that have a direct impact on creative output.

Jacobsen: Similarly, creative achievement at the highest levels seems to more often than not earn the title of “genius,” wherein minor creative acts and high intelligence do not. In that, a true act of genius appears to require extremes of creativity and of general intelligence. Both of these rare alone, even rarer together at the same levels. What theories of genius appear the most substantiated now?

Williams: Yes. The enigma is how these traits can sometimes all happen in one brain. The various models of genius that I have seen seem to be relatively unchanged over time, suggesting to me that we have not found measurements that lead us to any one over the others. The various models, however, are not that different and are qualitatively in agreement with the things that are seen in Genius. We have good descriptions of geniuses from the distant past that seem consistent with more recent observations, but we do not have much, if anything, in the way of brain studies because the technology to image brains has only been available for a few decades.

Sir Francis Galton listed intelligence, zeal, and persistence. Another component is probably creativity.

Hans Eysenck believed that both traits Neurosis and Psychoticism had to be elevated in true genius. Obviously if either trait is overly expressed, the individual will be destroyed and not achieve enormous feats of creative genius. When N and P are somewhat elevated they positively impact the individual–at least if he is really a genius. For example, P may cause a person to be seen as aggressive, cold, egocentric, impersonal, impulsive, antisocial, unempathic, tough-minded, and creative… not a pretty picture in terms of attractive personality. This, however, is precisely what we read in the descriptions of the great geniuses of all time.

Arthur Jensen believed that genius is the product of high ability x high productivity x high creativity.

ability = g = efficiency of information processing

productivity = endogenous cortical stimulation

creativity = trait psychoticism

Jacobsen: Who are the main figures in these areas of creativity and genius connected to the research on g?

Williams: The three above (Galton, Eysenck, and Jensen) wrote a good bit about genius and some about creativity. Dean Keith Simonton edited the Handbook of Genius and Scientific genius: A psychology of science. I would classify him as more of an author than researcher.

Much of what we have in the literature on genius is descriptive, due to the scarcity of people to study and their distribution over hundreds of years. In Human Accomplishment: The Pursuit of Excellence in the Arts and Sciences 800 B.C. to 1950, Charles Murray identified 4002 people as having extraordinary eminence. This is a very reasonable list of genius over the long time range

he covered. We are left with a better understanding of what they accomplished than of how they did it. Needless to say, we have no neurological studies of these people.

Today we have researchers who study both intelligence and creativity. The two at the top of my list are neurologists Richard Haier and Rex Jung. Their work resulted in the P-FIT model (described in my second set of questions) and has expanded into a wide range of intelligence and creativity topics. It is my belief that neurological research is most likely to shed additional light on the understanding of what rare conditions produce genius. In the more distant future, geneticists may find ways to understand the underlying genetic traits in true genius.

The neurological characteristics that have been associated with high creativity (see previous answer) include a lowered inhibitory function and long mean path length (networks). Both of these are opposite to the desirable traits for high intelligence. The inhibitory function can be dulled by alcohol or other drugs, precisely not what you want to do before taking a calculus test.  Long mean path length is associated with poor network connectivity, possibly related to low tissue integrity (measured by fractional anisotropy) or with lower numbers of connections to hubs. I have not seen anything that attempts to explain how genius incorporates both high intelligence and high creativity. There is, however, the possibility that these rare people have an ability to achieve divergent thinking and remote associations, without the biological factors just mentioned. Piffer has also argued that the focus on divergent thinking may be overemphasized and the association of creativity with intelligence underappreciated. 

Jacobsen: What explains some of these personality differences between scientists and artists mentioned in (1)?

Williams: There seems to be numerous domain specific traits, including personality, at work. I doubt that anyone would confuse an artist with an engineer when first meeting them. One personality trait that relates to creativity is Conscientiousness–low for artists and higher for scientists. Trait Openness is the only Big Five trait that relates to intelligence, but this trait also correlates positively with creativity. This suggests that intelligence is not the minor factor claimed by some researchers.

One aspect of creative professions is that they show elevated levels of alcoholism, impacting from 20% to 60% of each. The highest is for actors.

Openness is positively correlated with creative achievement in the arts, but curiously does not predict working memory capacity. Among scientists, intellect is predictive of WMC and achievement (as I would expect). In the long and detailed book The Cambridge Handbook of the Neuroscience of Creativity (2018) Rex E. Jung (Editor), Oshin Vartanian (Editor), there is a discussion of how openness and intellect relate to brain regions. As with the many studies of intelligence factors in the brain structure (and properties), neuroscience has produced similar findings for creativity. There are large numbers of structures and measures to consider, but the thing that is impressive is the frequency with which the results are opposite for creativity and intelligence; tissue integrity is one example (high integrity for intelligence, low integrity for creativity). [Tissue integrity is measured by fractional anisotropy. A high FA indicates less radial diffusivity (loss).]

Jacobsen: Does conscientiousness, whether artists or scientists, remain one of the most important traits for the achievement of a true act of genius – to follow-through despite seemingly impossible odds in the moment?

Williams: There is a big story hidden in follow-through and it seems to me to be a flaw in some of the more traditional discussions about creativity. When researchers administer a test, such as a divergent thinking exercise, they are often measuring fluency and then arguing that fluency is related to creativity. The problem is that this measure is about quantity and is completely disconnected from achievement, production, and end result. We see Michelangelo as a genius, not because he imagined the Sistine Chapel ceiling, but because it imagined AND produced it and not that he imagined the David, but because he sculpted the statue. This illustrates the difficulty of dealing with discussions and measures of creativity… the definitions are messy and can be misleading and the measures are often distant from the construct we want to measure.

Yes, Conscientiousness measured as a trait applies to acts of creativity, but in opposite directions for intelligence and creativity. We can see this without measuring creativity directly by simply measuring personality for artists and scientists. Despite the finding that it is low for artists. [I take the finding to be correct from Jung and Vartanian previously cited.]

Jacobsen: Between Mensa International, Intertel, the Triple Nine Society, the Prometheus Society, and the Mega Society, or between the escalating claimed cognitive rarities, what should one expect in regards to the ability to think of the cognitive floor of the membership?

Williams: Since these groups are self-selected, they tend to be atypical of the entry thresholds they represent. One big difference between membership in these is that people who have not been successful in education, profession, and personal relationships seem to be more attracted to them, possibly as a means of signaling their worth, despite failures. My observation from my in-person participation in the groups is that the majority of members are about what you would expect from a random sampling of people above the admission levels, but there remains a disproportionate

number of people who have not shown life success and developed appropriate interpersonal skills. In Mensa, and only that group, I noticed a significant number of morbidly obese members. 

Jensen wrote:

I received a letter from someone I had never met, though I knew he was an eminent professor of biophysics. He had read something I wrote concerning IQ as a predictor of achievement, but he was totally unaware of the present work. The coincidence is that my correspondent posed the very question that is central to my theme. He wrote:

I have felt for a long time that IQ , however defined, is only loosely related to mental achievement. Over the years I have bumped into a fair number of MENSA people. As a group, they seem to be dilettantes seeking titillation but seem unable to think critically or deeply. They have a lot of motivation for intellectual play but little for doing anything worthwhile. One gets the feeling that brains were wasted on them. So, what is it that makes an intelligently productive person?

This is not an uncommon observation, and I have even heard it expressed by members of MENSA. It is one of their self-perceived problems, one for which some have offered theories or rationalizations. The most typical is that they are so gifted that too many subjects attract their intellectual interest and they can never commit themselves to any particular interest. It could also be that individuals drawn toward membership in MENSA are a selective subset of the gifted population, individuals lacking in focus. After all, most highly gifted individuals do not join MENSA. [Intellectual Talent : Psychometric and Social Issues (1997), edited by Camilla Persson Benbow & David Lubinski] {My underline added.}

I only belonged to Intertel for 3-4 years, but I went to their annual gatherings every year until I gave up on them (simply due to inactivity in the journal, which lost contributions of new material). I did notice that when I was with the group, in person, there was a much greater maturity of discussion and sobriety than found in Mensa.

As the entrance requirement increases, I have found that there are more people who are interesting, competent in technical fields, and who have become long term friends.

Unfortunately, that increase is accompanied by the subset of obnoxious members setting new records for repulsiveness. I have not seen this same distribution of personalities in my work. As I explained in my first questions, my career was spent with mostly technical people (physics, engineering, and a few miscellaneous science fields). It may happen that the demands of both education and work in the nuclear reactor business acts as a personality filter, producing a different mix of people from those found in high IQ clubs. 

Jensen responded to a few text interviews from high IQ groups. His comments are worth reading, not only because of his prominence, but also for his style-choice of words:

Discussions on Genius and Intelligence Interview with Dr. Arthur Jensen. Mega Press, Eastport, New York

Arthur Jensen: Its hard to imagine how a group of high-IQ people with little else in common besides their IQ and probably differing in many other ways perhaps even more than a random sample of the population can do much to effect social change or carry out and large project with a unified aim.

An interview with Dr. Arthur Jensen by Steve Coy

Dr. Arthur Jensen: The interaction of ability level with interests and lifestyle confounds selection. I daresay you will find few Mensa or Mega members with few or no intellectual interests, for example, although there may be people out there in the population who are very bright but have few such interests. There is also self-selection at the top end. How many Nobel Prize winners, or members of the National Academy of Sciences are in any of the high IQ societies? I was struck by the fact that the Berkeley chapter of Mensa, with its many members, had only one member who was on the faculty of UC Berkeley, although I’m sure some large percentage of them could qualify if they wished to join. And I know a Nobel Prize winner who was invited to join Mensa, but he had no interest in it and declined the invitation. It has been my (untested) impression that if IQ and achievement could be correlated in the whole population, members of HI-IQ societies would be among those who tend to lower the correlation, falling below the regression line (of achievement regressed on IQ). Most conventional IQ tests have a general knowledge-achievement component which makes the test an amalgam of both ability and achievement and particularly skews the high end of the IQ distribution. 

Jacobsen: Have there been efforts to calculate the expected probability of genius at higher and higher cognitive rarities?

Williams: In the numerous articles I have read about genius, I have not encountered an estimate of the probability of a person being born with the rare combination of genes that lead to genius. There are some obvious problems. One is defining where to draw the line between genius and not genius. As long as you are dealing with the most distinguished individuals (at the level of Einstein, Bach, and Picasso) there is no problem. But when you want to count, who do you count and who do you skip? Perhaps the 4002 listed in Human Accomplishment is about as good as one can do, largely because they were identified by an objective and quantifiable method. [The worldwide number comes out to fewer than 1.5 per year.] Then things become quite muddy… we might argue that the production of genius has been a variable over time. There is reason to believe that mean intelligence (at least in developed nations) has been a variable. Dutton and Woodley discussed this in At Our Wits’ End: Why We’re Becoming Less Intelligent. They also

speculated that we are producing fewer and fewer geniuses, due mostly to the decline in mean intelligence, and that this will have a profound impact on the progression of mankind as it relates to innovation. My personal feeling is that this analysis may be overstated because we have entered a new paradigm, based on powerful computer resources and artificial intelligence that will undoubtedly change how people innovate and carry out cognitive tasks.

In the distant future, geneticists may be able to calculate the probability of a rare set of genetic variants appearing in a population. As of today, they have finally found 1,200 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with intelligence, but these account for only about a 10% effect size.  It may be even more difficult to find the variants necessary for the other traits, making the problem overwhelming until a powerful new approach becomes available.

Jacobsen: Now, the next triplet tie to ideas proposed about intelligence (covered a bit in the previous two sessions) and genius as laid out above, how do the works of Howard Gardner attempt to address genius? How do these efforts succeed? How do they fail?

Williams: Gardner was interested in creativity and occasionally mentioned creativity in connection with genius. He may have produced significant works relating to genius, but they have not come to my attention. He did discuss the aspects of personality that are often associated with genius and which are well known to relate to the typical non-social and sometimes abrasive behaviors of the people we all know for their monumental works. He also wrote Creating Minds (1993) in which he did a detailed description of seven geniuses, each selected to exemplify one of his multiple intelligences. The irony of this is that his model is based on individual examples of what he claimed were each a different kind of intelligence, but he based his model on people well outside of the range of “normal,” while appealing to those normal people to accept his abnormal model. [The seven people selected: T. S. Eliot, Albert Einstein, Pablo Picasso, Igor Stravinsky, Martha Graham, Mahatma Gandhi, and Sigmund Freud.]

Gardner is in a category that is highly regarded by the general public and not by many serious intelligence researchers. The multiple intelligences model is apparently loved by those who see it as “fair.” Researchers know that there is nothing fair about Mother Nature.

Jacobsen: How do the works of Robert Sternberg attempt to address genius? How do these efforts succeed? How do they fail?

Williams: Unlike Gardner, Sternberg was more involved in matters relating to genius. He was, for example, the editor of the Handbook of Creativity (Cambridge), which included some discussion of genius. The problem is that, like Gardner, Sternberg had a personal invention on the line and was inclined to make that (the Triarchic Theory) the centerpiece of whatever he wrote. The theory was not sound, as demonstrated by Linda Gottfredson, so that carries over to how I see his comments. Per my prior comments, the net observations of genius from all sources remain descriptive and do not tell us much about the underlying genetics and neurology of genius. It’s a case of we know it when we see it, but we can’t explain it from the biological perspective.

Jacobsen: How do the works of Arthur Jensen building on Charles Spearman attempt to address genius? How do these efforts succeed? How do they fail?

Williams: Jensen’s comments on genius strike me as being as good as any that can be found. He believed that the necessary, but not sufficient traits combine in genius at maximum values and that they have a multiplicative effect. I bought the book Intellectual Talent : Psychometric and Social Issues (1997), edited by Camilla Persson Benbow & David Lubinski, just to read the last chapter by Jensen. He described genius as ability at the upper end of a J-curve, which can be thought of as a logarithmic increase. In Human Accomplishment, Murray also addressed the extreme nature of genius but called it the Lotka Curve. Both signify that almost all points relating to high achievement group together, while a few are so far from the rest that they exist in a stratospheric space.

Jacobsen: What are the questions remaining about genius? In particular, what are the unknown, though potentially somewhat known, relations between intelligence, personality, and creativity, and genius?

Williams:  We cannot describe or even effectively study the genius brain or genome. There simply are not enough such brains to find and explore. There also seems to be a lack of interest in this among neurologists who have the technology to probe a brain. The only person I know who has imaged various atypical high achievers is Roberto Colom. But the instances I am aware of relate to sports figures and some creative artists. I would most like to see someone do a comprehensive study of David Lynch, as an example of the most creative level of the arts (cinema). There are various Nobel laureates (physics and chemistry) who would seem to me to be examples of the top minds in science, but I don’t think they are being studied. One thing that concerns me about such a project is the age of the person being studied. I would think the best age would be in the 25 to 35 year old range because the brain is typically functioning at its best then. Would Lynch be too old? Most likely the effort that would be required for such a project would be unattractive to many researchers.

The limited information that we have about Einstein’s brain at least tells us that his brain was highly atypical, as compared to the brains that have been studied in modern times. It would be interesting to see if any of his special properties (brain width, elevated glial cell fraction, and a few Brodmann Area size anomalies) can be found in other people and whether they show special cognitive abilities.

The other thing that I consider to be not fully resolved is the relationship between intelligence and creativity. The measurements that produce small correlations were done by correlating such things as the alternate uses test against IQ. Related to the appropriateness of the measures is whether there is a difference between artistic creativity and scientific creativity. Both allow for exploration (try this, then that) but I think that scientific creativity has to be significantly related to knowledge and understanding of the thing being studied.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Retired Nuclear Physicist.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-3; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Bob Williams on Davide Piffer, Francis Galton, Hans Eysenck, Arthur Jensen, Richard Haier and Rex Jung, Scientists and Artists, Howard Gardner, Robert Sternberg, and Charles Spearman: Retired Nuclear Physicist (2) [Online]. March 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-3.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, March 15). Conversation with Bob Williams on Davide Piffer, Francis Galton, Hans Eysenck, Arthur Jensen, Richard Haier and Rex Jung, Scientists and Artists, Howard Gardner, Robert Sternberg, and Charles Spearman: Retired Nuclear Physicist (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-3.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Bob Williams on Davide Piffer, Francis Galton, Hans Eysenck, Arthur Jensen, Richard Haier and Rex Jung, Scientists and Artists, Howard Gardner, Robert Sternberg, and Charles Spearman: Retired Nuclear Physicist (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-3>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Bob Williams on Davide Piffer, Francis Galton, Hans Eysenck, Arthur Jensen, Richard Haier and Rex Jung, Scientists and Artists, Howard Gardner, Robert Sternberg, and Charles Spearman: Retired Nuclear Physicist (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-3.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Bob Williams on Davide Piffer, Francis Galton, Hans Eysenck, Arthur Jensen, Richard Haier and Rex Jung, Scientists and Artists, Howard Gardner, Robert Sternberg, and Charles Spearman: Retired Nuclear Physicist (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (March 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-3.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Bob Williams on Davide Piffer, Francis Galton, Hans Eysenck, Arthur Jensen, Richard Haier and Rex Jung, Scientists and Artists, Howard Gardner, Robert Sternberg, and Charles Spearman: Retired Nuclear Physicist (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-3>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Bob Williams on Davide Piffer, Francis Galton, Hans Eysenck, Arthur Jensen, Richard Haier and Rex Jung, Scientists and Artists, Howard Gardner, Robert Sternberg, and Charles Spearman: Retired Nuclear Physicist (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-3.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Bob Williams on Davide Piffer, Francis Galton, Hans Eysenck, Arthur Jensen, Richard Haier and Rex Jung, Scientists and Artists, Howard Gardner, Robert Sternberg, and Charles Spearman: Retired Nuclear Physicist (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): March. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-3>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Bob Williams on Davide Piffer, Francis Galton, Hans Eysenck, Arthur Jensen, Richard Haier and Rex Jung, Scientists and Artists, Howard Gardner, Robert Sternberg, and Charles Spearman: Retired Nuclear Physicist (2) [Internet]. (2021, March 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/williams-3.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Ask Mubarak 1 – My Nigeria: Communal Organizing Amongst the More Difficult Circumstances

Author: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 1.A, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 843

Keywords: Humanism, Humanist Association of Nigeria, Leo Igwe, Mubarak Bala, risks.

Ask Mubarak 1 – My Nigeria: Communal Organizing Amongst the More Difficult Circumstances[1],[2]

*Interview originally published March 26, 2019, in Canadian Atheist.*

Mubarak Bala is the President of the Humanist Association of Nigeria. We will be conducting this educational series to learn more about Humanism and secularism within Nigeria. Here we talk about humanism in Nigeria.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Looking into the humanist community compared to the traditional fundamentalist religious community within Nigeria, what remain the greatest risks to them?

Mubarak Bala: The greatest threat to one’s existence as (a closeted) Atheist/Humanist/Secularist, is exposure, without their contingency plan.

Many are still closeted, given they have jobs, homes, families and children whose bills and responsibilities lies on their shoulders, so all could collapse like a house of cards, should anyone suffer a leak, either by mistake or betrayal, sometimes by trusted persons once intimated about one’s belief or unbelief.

There was one, whose girlfriend knew was, and showed acceptance to, (probably out of the desperation to get married and the hope he may revert back), but betrayed him, to his family after marriage and pregnancy.

He died in 2017 in what the family just said was a motorcycle accident. And as it is, we could not ascertain if it was really an accident as he was hurriedly buried according to Islamic rites, and hardly does any authority care to investigate accidents in this part of the world.

Our resources also, would not have allowed for us to further the investigation on our suspicions. As he was far, very far from the states in which we have better reach and connections.

It was sad.

Jacobsen: In addition, what was the central difficulty for individuals such as Dr. Leo Igwe, and yourself, in the maintenance of the humanist community in Nigeria, especially as the antipathy to the non-religious was, already, very high?

Bala: Firstly, we have scarce funding, from between ourselves, since we only muster from our earnings, and most of our members are still students, with no jobs nor financial independence. So organizing events, sponsorships and logistics are hard, but we still thrive, thanks to our well to do members who share more than the average fees we tax ourselves.

Secondly, there’s that sense of suspicion, as members fear newcomers fearing their sincerity, finding comfort in the small community of friends we have scouted or risked to have received their contact, who mostly are genuine rationalists and thinkers looking for a community. The fear by members, who in all honesty is genuine, drags our, (already out) efforts to longer and slower cohesion.

There’s also this nagging question between Humanists as to what or what should a humanist do or not do. Many think just by being atheist, they have ‘conquered’ and so, chose to be assholes to others, bullying the religious (their person, and not the religions we normally bash), and also, bring rancor and disharmony within the community. Although it is expected in a pack of cats, where no one lords it over others, there still need to be sanity of attitude towards the fellow human, be it a theist or non-theist.

Jacobsen: For those facing less difficult circumstances in the foundation and maintenance, and growth, of a humanist community, any encouraging words for them?

Bala: We always advise that people be safe in their closets, until they could finish school and secure the already scarce jobs in the tight economy as ours, not just in Nigeria but throughout the region (West Africa), and the continent as well. The developed countries have better soft landings for atheists and the minority, not here.

I have gone through both thick and thin, and have first hand experience in how things could go from spark to boom. Mostly, shouting out loud is only a last resort if one’s life is clearly in danger, that’s when we have to come together and save who so ever has emergency, and we do this, more efficiently now, with our experience, locally and with good contacts with others beyond our borders.

The hope is that in future, we could be able with resources and better organization, be able to lobby and educate, or pressure the authorities to help or establish protection agencies or centers for vulnerable people from at risk situations, especially since it is their loved ones in these situations that harm or try to kill them, and bury any evidence or suspicion.

The safest place to be an atheist is no longer just in the mind only, it is on the internet, with an account that keeps your identity safe, while you keep good contact with like mind, in future when it is safer, one could then come out.

Already, we have marriages between members and issues therefrom, so there is hope, we no longer have to fear that no one would marry us. Many would, even as theists as they are, especially if their parents are not a hindrance. Some, are lucky to even meet their match online or within our safe spaces across the country and the country. There is hope and always good news these past years especially.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Mubarak.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, In-Sight Publishing.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/ask-mubarak-1-my-nigeria-communal-organizing-amongst-the-more-difficult-circumstances.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Antjuan Finch on Separation from Family, Christianity, Autism Spectrum, Leonardo Da Vinci, Jacob Barnett, CAI, and PDIT: Member, CIVIQ Society (2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 15, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,927

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Antjuan Finch is the Author of After Genius: On Creativity and Its ConsequencesThe 3 Sides of Man, and Applied Theory. He created the Creative Attitudes Inventory (CAT) and the Public Domain Intelligence Test (PDIT). He discusses: separated from the larger family; a “heroic attitude”; the involvement in the Christian traditions and churches in Indianapolis; the autism spectrum; formal studies; experimental online tests at IQNAVI.net/IQexams.net; Jacob Barnett; geniuses go unrecognized; Leonardo da Vinci; the recent accomplishments; Creative Attitudes Inventory (V.1); Aberrant Salience (Unusual Thinking), Conscientiousness (discipline), and Polymathic Interests; statistics coming back for the test; Public Domain Intelligence Test (PDIT); updates on the statistical findings; strongest points in intelligence; and a universe with a self-testing function.

Keywords: Antjuan Finch, Charles Darwin, Christianity, CIVIQ Society, Creative Attitudes Inventory, intelligence, IQ, Jacob Barnett, Leonardo Da Vinci, Public Domain Intelligence Test.

Conversation with Antjuan Finch on Separation from Family, Christianity, Autism Spectrum, Leonardo Da Vinci, Jacob Barnett, CAI, and PDIT: Member, CIVIQ Society (2)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Why were you mother, brothers, and you separated from the larger family?

Antjuan Finch[1],[2]*: Largely, because my larger was to a sizable degree involved with drugs, crime, and other things that are best to keep away from children. Although, not everyone in my larger family was associated with these things.

Jacobsen: What is this sense of a “heroic attitude” for you?

Finch: I have the disposition to want to solve big problems, help people, or, save the world, in some sense. I think that these are heroic qualities.  

Jacobsen: How were your brothers perceiving the involvement in the Christian traditions and churches in Indianapolis?

Finch: Both of my full siblings have somewhat of a disdain for organized religions, at the moment. Although my older brother has still maintained some very spiritual beliefs and practices, I believe. The churches that we went to as kids had extremely long services, with no breaks and very intense, moralistic tirades. The situations really weren’t ideal for restless kids. 

Jacobsen: When were you placed on the autism spectrum?

Finch: I remember that my mom, when I was young, sometimes made comments about me being on the autism spectrum, but I don’t think that I was formally diagnosed as being so. I think that, in some ways, my intelligence might mask my autistic traits, and even allow me to compensate for them, in certain situations, which may make me less likely to receive a diagnosis, given that such a diagnosis requires significant impairments in functioning. For an example of how my intelligence may mask my autistic traits, the stilted and overly formal way of communicating that is common among autists, when combined with a wide vocabulary, and clear reasoning ability, may cause someone to appear as sophisticated instead of socially maldeveloped. 

Jacobsen: Out of “creative writing, psychometrics, astrophysics, and evolutionary biology,” what were the more interesting part of those individuated formal studies?

Finch: For creative writing, I was exposed to a lot of incredible literature that I likely never would have read otherwise. For evolutionary biology, it was interesting to see how much the field had developed over time; my autodidactic study in evolutionary theory, for the most, before then, had only involved works that Charles Darwin had written. 

Jacobsen: With further experimental online tests at IQNAVI.net/IQexams.net, did you find a community of other higher-scorers to converse and share stories?

Finch: Not really. While I ended up joining several high IQ societies, I never found gained much of a sense of community from any of them, and was hardly active in them.

Jacobsen: Where is Jacob Barnett now?

Finch: I’m not sure, he seems to have somewhat secluded from the public spotlight in recent years.

Jacobsen: Why do most geniuses go unrecognized, while, simultaneously, living in likely “squalor”? Any thoughts on the potential loss to humanity as a result?

Finch: I think that, in some ways, it may take a bit of genius to recognize one before they’ve been widely regarded as such. But to be more specific, obsessively producing extremely advanced work, creative or otherwise, can easily cause one to miss opportunities to develop the marketable skills and desirable traits which may be useful for becoming well known, and doing things other than what may be needed to just produce more and more creative work — but that may be a somewhat extreme example. Wealth has also historically been concentrated in very few hands, with much more people living in relatively impoverished states than otherwise. Given these notions, it can be inferred that prospective geniuses have been more likely to be born in, and stay in poverty than otherwise. Although, it does appear that, on occasion, a genius might become magnificently rich. 

Jacobsen: Why consider Leonardo da Vinci as the greatest genius in history? What was happening with this left-handed Italian gay man?

Finch: Before I answer your question, I must say that Leonardo da Vinci, in all likelihood, was asexual. I can’t imagine that even a gay man would make these statements: “Intellectual passion drives out sensuality,” and “The act of procreation and anything that has any relation to it is so disgusting that human beings would soon die out if there were no pretty faces and sensuous dispositions.” I further address the likelihood of Leonardo being asexual and schizoid in my paper, On the Schizoid Personality, from my Applied Theory compilation. 

But on Leonardo’s genius: besides his obvious, impressive, polymathic output, which I view as an unmistakable sign of high, general creative ability, he also produced a lot of remarkable work with, by today’s standards, remarkably little resources, and, in all likelihood, poor nutrition. Moreover, given the advances in every field of human interest since Leonardo’s time, alongside the ungodly increase in the accessibility of information that has happened in recent years, one might expect for even average Americans to be matching Leonardo’s creative output, easily. And yet, he’s still impressive. 

Jacobsen: What are some of the recent accomplishments where more desirable jobs may be available to you?

Finch: Most notably, simply being admitted to Harvard seems to confer a lot of market desirability. Some people have also found my recent test creations and website designs impressive enough to offer me paid work.

Jacobsen: Your Creative Attitudes Inventory (V.1) is a test of 55 questions taking a total of fewer than 15 minutes to complete. You posit three traits comprising creative thinking in Aberrant Salience (Unusual Thinking), Conscientiousness (discipline), and Polymathic Interests. Why develop the test?

Finch: I developed the Creative Attitudes Inventory because the creative ability assessment that I created contained tasks that, due to my lack of programming skills, I’m currently unable to administer online, at least in a manner that I think will provide reliable and meaningful data for me to analyze. The subtests of the Creative Attitudes Inventory were actually originally selected to assess the divergent and convergent validity of the tasks in my non-self-report assessment of creativity. 

Jacobsen: Why posit Aberrant Salience (Unusual Thinking), Conscientiousness (discipline), and Polymathic Interests as the core traits for measurement?

Finch: Unusual thinking and Conscientiousness are two of the three facets of my model of creativity. As for why they are included in my model: discipline and proneness for unusual thought are definitive markers of high, general creative ability, as without conscientiousness one would not have the work ethic needed to produce anything of value, or make the most of whatever creative ideas or talents that they do have, and without a high capacity for unusual thought, one could not even think up many novel ideas, to begin with. For more on the justification for the facets in my model of creativity, readers should read my short essay, Preconditions for Genius, from my short book, After Genius.

The third facet of my model, being g, intelligence, or pattern recognition, seems to be poorly testable through self-report questionnaires, so it was not included in the set of questionnaires that would eventually be called the Creative Attitudes Inventory. 

The novel Polymathic Interests Inventory was included, mainly, because I wanted to see if there was evidence that unusual thinking proneness was positively associated with interests in a wide array of scientific and artistic fields, as well as if conscientiousness moderated the relationship between having an interest in many fields, and the belief that one has actually innovated in some of those fields. The theory here was that much discipline and thoroughness may be needed to convert ideas into innovations, as well as to believe that one has done so, despite their not there not yet being much widespread acceptance that they have. 

Jacobsen: What are some of statistics coming back for the test so far?

Finch: Due to some issues with the program that hosts the test, I removed the Creative Attitudes Inventory from my website shortly after posting it, so not enough data was collected on it to produce any meaningful statistics. Although, I recently did an experiment with Shelley Carson on a creativity class at Harvard using the Creativity Attitudes Inventory and other measures of divergent thinking and creative achievement. This experiment also included the Unusual Thinking task that was part of my non-self-report assessment of creativity. I’ll receive the data that was collected from this experiment soon, and will post a report on those statistics shortly after.

Jacobsen: For the Public Domain Intelligence Test (PDIT) measuring Crystallized Intelligence (Gc) and Fluid Intelligence (Gf), what was the inspiration for it? As anyone can see, the basis for the test is derived from the old SATs considered valid for admission to the International High IQ Society of the late Nathan Haselbauer (suicide) and the Triple Nine Society.

Finch: The Public Domain Intelligence Test was developed because I was unable to find a test of general intelligence that was free, quick, openly accessible, and well-validated, both conceptually and psychometrically. The structure of the test was designed to resemble the second form of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence (WASI-2). The sentence completion items for the Verbal, Crystallized Intelligence section of the test were selected because they were openly accessible, short in form, and that there is considerable evidence validating the psychometric properties of pre-2005 Verbal SAT forms, as well as considerable evidence suggesting that sentence completion items may provide integrative measures of crystallized intelligence. The matrix reasoning item set for the Nonverbal, Fluid Intelligence section were also selected because they were openly accessible, quickly doable, and was satisfactorily validated, both psychometrically, and as a potential measure of fluid intelligence.

Jacobsen: What are some of the responses to it now? Any updates on the statistical findings?

Finch: At the time of my writing this response, PDIT has received a few thousand test sessions. Moreover, the written and spoken responses that I’ve received to the test has been quite varied. Many people have told me that the test seems very hard, and some people have told me that the test seems too easy, considering the range of scores that it provides. Quite a lot of people have lied to me directly about the scores they’ve achieved on the test, and some of those people later confessed to this after they realized that I can see every test session for PDIT, and am given some identifying information about the test’s takers. Statistical findings for the test, so far, indicate that FSIQs from the test are highly correlated with WAIS-IV FSIQs, and very highly correlated with WAIS-IV GAIs. These findings also indicate that, compared to WAIS-IV FSIQs, PDIT FSIQs are not inflated. These findings also indicate that PDIT FSIQs are normally distributed, have a standard deviation of 14.85, and are significantly more correlated with PDIT Verbal and Non-verbal scores than the scores from those two sections are with each other, indicating that PDIT FSIQs load on the common factor between its two subtests, which is presumably g, or what tends to be referred to as the general intelligence factor.

Jacobsen: What do you consider your strongest points in intelligence?

Finch: Apparently I’m most skilled at coming up with analogies and elaborating on the similarities between things. Although, I believe that this ability may be more related to creativity than intelligence, but since high intelligence is required for creativity, this ability seems to have a g-loading sufficient to be included in some intelligence tests, such as the WAIS-IV. 

Jacobsen: Given the “law of non-contradiction” and the “mechanics of emergence,” and a universe with a self-testing function ‘implying self-awareness,’ ‘how might someone become one with God?’

Finch: Become more coherent (constitutionally), creative, and enlightened or insightful. 

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, CIVIQ Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 15, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/finch-2; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Antjuan Finch on Separation from Family, Christianity, Autism Spectrum, Leonardo Da Vinci, Jacob Barnett, CAI, and PDIT: Member, CIVIQ Society (2) [Online]. March 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/finch-2.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, March 15). Conversation with Antjuan Finch on Separation from Family, Christianity, Autism Spectrum, Leonardo Da Vinci, Jacob Barnett, CAI, and PDIT: Member, CIVIQ Society (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/finch-2.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Antjuan Finch on Separation from Family, Christianity, Autism Spectrum, Leonardo Da Vinci, Jacob Barnett, CAI, and PDIT: Member, CIVIQ Society (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/finch-2>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Antjuan Finch on Separation from Family, Christianity, Autism Spectrum, Leonardo Da Vinci, Jacob Barnett, CAI, and PDIT: Member, CIVIQ Society (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/finch-2.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Antjuan Finch on Separation from Family, Christianity, Autism Spectrum, Leonardo Da Vinci, Jacob Barnett, CAI, and PDIT: Member, CIVIQ Society (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (March 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/finch-2.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Antjuan Finch on Separation from Family, Christianity, Autism Spectrum, Leonardo Da Vinci, Jacob Barnett, CAI, and PDIT: Member, CIVIQ Society (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/finch-2>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Antjuan Finch on Separation from Family, Christianity, Autism Spectrum, Leonardo Da Vinci, Jacob Barnett, CAI, and PDIT: Member, CIVIQ Society (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/finch-2.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Antjuan Finch on Separation from Family, Christianity, Autism Spectrum, Leonardo Da Vinci, Jacob Barnett, CAI, and PDIT: Member, CIVIQ Society (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): March. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/finch-2>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Antjuan Finch on Separation from Family, Christianity, Autism Spectrum, Leonardo Da Vinci, Jacob Barnett, CAI, and PDIT: Member, CIVIQ Society (2) [Internet]. (2021, March 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/finch-2.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

 

Interview with Mubarak Bala – Executive Director, Humanist Association of Nigeria

Author: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 1.A, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 14, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,615

Keywords: Humanism, Humanist Association of Nigeria, Islam, Mubarak Bala.

Interview with Mubarak Bala – Executive Director, Humanist Association of Nigeria[1],[2]

*Interview originally published March 21, 2019, in Canadian Atheist, when Bala was Executive Director, not President, of the HAN.*

Mubarak Bala is the Executive Director of the Humanist Association of Nigeria (HAN). Here we talk about his life, work, and views.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: What was early life like for you, e.g., geography, culture, language, religion or lack thereof, education, and family structure and dynamics?

Mubarak Bala: I grew up in the mid ’80s, (born July, 1984) life was liberal, and our society in northern Nigeria, multi-tribal, then the Saudi program kicked in, to counter the Iranian exportation of their Islamic Revolution. Clerics were sponsored to study Islam in Arabia, and disseminate core Islamic values (Sunni).

By the 1990s, the society started changing, more provocative sermons, women were then secluded, and the colourful Somali-type hijab, replaced the colourful light veils seen with Hausa-Fulani women.

I only spoke Hausa and understood Arabic by age 10, almost zero English, although savvy with Mathematics and Science skills. This is because I was enrolled in a Saudi-Funded ‘Islamic Foundation’ school named as such, with semi-fanatics and a Muslim-only staffing.

It was only for Muslims. By 1995, we were taught, as part of the Extra-curricular activities, how to shoot bows and arrows at an arranged Evening class, only once. Maybe it was sneaked in as a curriculum, since the Military government frowns at Fanaticism.

Families were mostly liberal, I missed most of the early childhood plays as my curricula were tight, 7am-1pm, the supposedly Western Education at Islamic Foundation, then 4-6pm another called Sabilur-Rashad Madrassah, Quran-only school, and between 8-10pm another Islam and jurisdiction lesson, mostly Islamic History and how to behave as a Muslim.

Even on weekends when we were supposed to be free, we had extra-Islamic lessons at another Madrassa, morning and Evening.

Now you understand how suffocating that would be for a kid.

Jacobsen: What levels of formal education have been part of life for you? How have you informally self-educated?

Bala: By Secondary School age, 1995-2001, I was first at a day-science-school called Islama Community Secondary School, an all-Muslim school in Kano, 1995 to 1997, then on to its sister school as a boarding school, it was a Science school with Strict Islamic discipline as well as Qur’an memorization.

I was good at both, and always read translated versions of the Quran when the things bore me, I have been warned to stop by my clerics, as no one was supposed to read and understand them by themselves, my curiosity never waned though.

I had a habit of comparing what Allah said on an issue, and what science really said, friends would jeer me if I narrate my observations, especially, as always, when Science seemed to get it right, and quiet opposite of what Islam says.

But all the self-education, also gave me the courage as to as too much, getting answers in some, or beat up/flogged on others. I hoped to modernise Islam and make it more acceptable to reasonable minds. I thought this would help humans escape that punishment of hell-fire Allah created just for them.

Now I know better, lol.

Jacobsen: What is your current role in the Humanist Association of Nigeria? What tasks and responsibilities come with this position?

Bala: The just concluded National Convention in Abuja, January 12-15th, ended with an interim executive body, with me as President, a board of Trustees, as well as tasks and charts as how to steer the Association further into success and activities, funding and further expansion of the ever growing membership in the country, from both religions.

Our Agenda has been set, we are registered, and have been more vocal and present both online and in person, to national activities and events, political and social, our website would soon take up, and the bulk of our work would be out there for all to see and follow.

As part of organising ourselves, we also are partnering with other socio-cultural/secular NGOs on a few activities of interest, such as child prevention from witchcraft accusations by the Christian clergy, and the Almajiri (google a few links) enslavement of male kids by Islamic clerics.

Jacobsen: As you consider the struggles since the foundation of the Nigerian humanist movement by Dr. Leo Igwe, what have been the real victories and honest failures of the Humanist Association of Nigeria?

Bala: Failures are the delays we faced in getting registered, it took two decades just to register the secular association, in a much debated legal tussle, this hindered our growth, organisation and funding which would have been the means by which we could support members at risk, educate society to understand our stand and why the society need reason and rationalism.

Had we succeeded in getting most of the basic structures in place from the 1990s that the founding members started, we may have countered the narrative that led to the agitation for Boko Haram and the sharia insurgency.

Our successes are numerous now, we have at least been recognised by the government, which is a very important step, and a strategic stepping stone, to achieve all other goals.

Jacobsen: What have been the hardest struggles in the fight for secularism, human rights, and humanistic policies and initiatives at the national level?

Bala: Mostly in this part of the world, it is mis-information and mis-representation. many think morality only comes from millennia old books and that whoever counters such archaic canonical orthodoxy, is up to something sinister and dangerous.

I personally was misunderstood by my immediate family, the moment I expressed doubts about religion, they called me names and sought to silence and deter me from ever coming public with it, honor to them, is ultimate, and any price could be paid to preserve it.

Same it is, at the national level, the government, having emerged from the clueless age of the military era, is handed over to semi-educated illiterates, greedy but oblivious to facts of life, which in effect, allows individuals to abuse office and sneak-in tribal and religious agenda, from both Islam and Christianity, as rivalry grow, to hoist them on the populace. Secularists and liberals suffer most from both angles.

Jacobsen: Who tend to be the ones who push back the hardest against equality of the humanist community in Nigeria?

Bala: The masses. Nigeria has the largest number of un-schooled populace, mostly in the north off the country, which is why, many are also subconsciously, just terrorists without the balls to carry arms. Democracy dictates they have a vote, which means they could influence politics and policies, and yes they do.

Second is the clergy, from either of the major religions here. They have access to the leadership, and so, exert pressure as to which direction they wish the government and country is steered, mostly to ill-ends,

Jacobsen: Why are international solidarity movements important, in spite of the inevitable times when things will become incredibly difficult, painfully so, emotionally and then hard in terms of financials as well?

Bala: Before I knew of any such secular movements in Nigeria, I thought there may never be life after atheism in Northern Nigeria, then many made contact, and I realized, all we needed is organization and a safe space.

We now no longer need International Organisations with trivial (mostly financial) assistance, we simply raise money within ourselves, and get a few support financing when the bills are bulky.

What we most need and require these days, is the voice from other International Associations, especially when we have legal or threats to counter, within Nigeria.

Such organizations have bigger voices and could influence policy-makers within and outside our shores, with good media contacts, especially the on-air ones, as well as the online flood of individual efforts. It does save lives.

Jacobsen: Who are the biggest charlatans in Nigeria? How do they exemplify the fraudulence, bilking, and manipulation through demagoguery, fear mongering, and lying seen in other mass religious movements in other regions’ histories?

Bala: We have two major religions here, Islam in the north, Christianity in the south. Both religions and their clergy, have been the bane of our national development.

They scare people with imagined monsters and social exclusion, such that reason is feared, shunned and ridiculed.

Sadly, the system favors those with the votes, and so, although on paper, the country is secular, we are nowhere near that now, with governments and politicians boasting of contributing to erection of the largest Jesus statue in Africa, (google it, it’s funny), to the largest church auditorium in the world.

Nigeria now has more worship and miracle centres, than hospitals, schools, and industries. It is appalling.

Most appalling is that the effort to educate the people that these are not what they need, were mostly met with violence. Imagine trying to save a victim of a snake-bite, only to be attacked by the victim, mistaking you as a bigger venom carrier. Sad!

Jacobsen: How can people become involved with the donation of time, the addition of membership, links to professional and personal networks, giving monetarily, and so on?

Bala: We hope to have formal websites and organization’s accounts, we mostly raise funding from ourselves, we also plan to register members, so as to see how we could spread the responsibility around, to ease the burden on the main circle.

We hope to also get assistance from other well-to-do sister organizations outside our shores, especially how to counter fanaticism and put up ads that open up the society from the general delusion that breeds terrorism and misery on and off our lands.

Jacobsen: Any final feelings or thoughts based on the conversation today?

Bala: It has been a great hour, the questions were apt, and takes one down memory lane… sweet memories, and scary paths one could have veered into.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Mubarak.

Bala: It is my pleasure. Would be glad these encounters happen more often. Thank you.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, In-Sight Publishing.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 14, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/interview-with-mubarak-bala-executive-director-humanist-association-of-nigeria.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Blasphemy Killings, Impunity and Ethnoreligious Vendetta in Northern Nigeria

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 14, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 800

Keywords: blasphemy, ethnicity, Leo Igwe, Northern Nigeria, religion.

Blasphemy Killings, Impunity and Ethnoreligious Vendetta in Northern Nigeria[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

A lot has been said about the unconstitutionality of blasphemy laws and their incompatibility with human rights norms and principles. But very little attention has been paid to the ethnoreligious implications especially in Northern Nigeria. The link between blasphemy allegations, including imputations of desecrating the Quran and ethnoreligious feud and vengeance, has largely been ignored. It has yet to be highlighted how blasphemy allegations have undermined the project of nation-building, Nigerian citizenship and mutual co-existence of persons from different ethnoreligious backgrounds in the northern part of the country. Prosecutions for blasphemy are few and far apart, but blasphemy related attacks and killings often take place. In this piece, I argue that blasphemy allegations provide a pretext for Muslim fanatics in Northern Nigeria to vent their hatred and anger on persons from other ethnoreligious backgrounds. Blasphemy accusations serve as a weapon to settle ethnoreligious scores.

Nigeria is a country with a volatile ethnoreligious mix. Politics and social interactions are largely driven by primordial instincts and sentiments. The volatility is predicated on the way that religion and ethnicity intersect. In Nigeria, religion is professed along ethnic lines. The Hausas and Fulanis are predominantly Muslim, while ethnic groups in Southern Nigeria are mainly Christian. Tension, hostility, and mistrust feature amongst the ethnic and religious groups in Northern Nigeria. Conflicts between members of the various religions, especially between Christians and Muslims, often erupt. Ethnoreligious bloodletting is rampant in Muslim dominated sections of Northern Nigeria. Persecution and oppression underlie the relationship between Muslims and ethnoreligious minorities in the region. The pervasive hostile situation has created an atmosphere where Muslim extremists in northern Nigeria are often looking for opportunities to revenge and attack other ethnic and religious/non religious persons.

Unfortunately, allegations of insulting Prophet Muhammad, or desecration of the Quran provide avenues to tackle non-Muslims. A critical look at blasphemy killings in Islamic Northern Nigeria reveals a worrisome pattern. Victims are mainly non-Muslims from the south; Christian/traditionalist Igbos, Yorubas, etc. Let us take a look at some instances of blasphemy related killings in Northern Nigeria. In the 90s Muslims beheaded Gideon Akaluka in Kano. Akaluka was a Christian trader from Southern Nigeria. They accused him of desecrating the Quran. The police arrested and detained him. But Muslim fanatics invaded the police station and abducted Mr. Akaluka. They beheaded him and later paraded his head on the streets of Kano. In 2007, some Muslims lynched a Christian teacher, Mrs. Christianah Oluwasesin, in Gombe. Her students accused her of desecrating the Quran. Muslim fanatics beat her to death and burnt her corpse.

In 2016, Muslims attacked and killed Methodus Emmanuel for making blasphemous posts on Facebook. Whilst on June 2, the same year, Muslims killed Mrs. Bridget Agbahime, a Christian female trader from southern Nigeria at a local market in Kano. These killings did not take place in private rooms and corners, but in public places, on the streets, in the market etc. They were not executed by an individual but by mobs.

Thus, allegations of blasphemy have served the interests of Muslim bloodletters who perpetrate these atrocities with impunity, sometimes with the tacit support of the sharia governments in the region. Under Nigerian law, jungle justice and extrajudicial killing are prohibited. That means those who indulge in such criminal behaviors ought to be prosecuted and punished. Sadly, this has not been the case with killings linked to blasphemy. There has not been a single instance where perpetrators of blasphemy related killing were brought to justice. Rather blasphemy killers are treated as defenders of Islamic faith, not criminals. They are celebrated and honored, not condemned or sanctioned. In most cases, no arrests are made, and in situations where arrests are made, the suspects are later set free.

In Northern Nigeria, blasphemy laws and norms have created a situation of lawlessness. Murder is not a crime if it is carried out in the name of Islam. Killing a human being is not morally reprehensible or against the law, if the person killed is believed to have insulted the prophet of Islam. Politicians and clerics openly and publicly incite violence; they call for the murder of any real or imagined blasphemer. Simply put there is no justice for victims of blasphemy related murder and attack. This unfortunate situation is illustrated in the case of Mrs. Agbahime. In 2016, those suspected to have murdered Bridget Agbahime were charged to court in Kano. But months later, they were acquitted. The state prosecutor stated that the suspects had no case to answer. In fact, no one who kills a blasphemer has any case to answer in Muslim dominated Northern Nigeria. This situation must change. Perpetrators of blasphemy related killings are murderers and should be brought to justice. Nigerian government should take urgent measures to stop blasphemy killings and ethnoreligious vendetta in Northern Nigeria.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 14, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/blasphemy-killings-impunity-and-ethnoreligious-vendetta-in-northern-nigeria.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Stop Hassan Patigi’s Abusive Healing and Witch-Hunting Activities in Mokwa, Niger State

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 14, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 417

Keywords: abuse, Hassan Patigi, healing, Leo Igwe, Mokwa, Niger, witch-hunting.

Stop Hassan Patigi’s Abusive Healing and Witch-Hunting Activities in Mokwa, Niger State[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

The Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW) urges the government of Niger state to immediately prevail on the traditional ruler of Mokwa, the Ndalile of Mokwa, Shaba Aliyu Mohammed, and stop the bogus and abusive healing practices of Mallam Hasan Patigi in the area. At this moment, it is important to impress on the Ndalile of Mokwa that his continued support and endorsement of Hassan Patigi’s fake healing and degrading treatment of the people of Mokwa is a betrayal of trust. The Ndalile’s refusal to condemn the fraudulent claims and exploitative schemes is incompatible with his duties and responsibilities as a traditional ruler. It must be made clear to the Ndalile of Mokwa that he must choose to rule following the law of the country or he would be sanctioned.

For months, Hassan Patigi, who is from Kwara state, has been conducting faith healing and witchcraft exorcist rallies in Mokwa with thousands of attendees in violation of the guidelines for the management of COVID19. Some revulsive images and videos of Patigi’s healing activities have been circulating online, showing scenes of torture, inhuman and degrading treating of alleged witches, and others he claimed to be healing. In some of the videos, Patigi forced alleged witches to go naked, fight and urinate on themselves. In one video, Hassan Patigi was seen maltreating an old woman, accused of witchcraft in the community.

These so-called ‘healing practices’ violate health management codes; they contravene human rights and the laws of the country. Unfortunately, the Ndalile of Mokwa has been frustrating all the efforts being made to stop this charlatan and end his utterly shameful activities in the area. There have been posts and comments linking the traditional ruler to the activities of Hassan Patigi. One post states: “He does his bogus healing at his residence especially in the evening, at the traditional head’s house in the afternoon and torture innocent girls, men and old women to get them to confess to practicing witchcraft”

Patigi’s ‘healing exploits’ are an indictment on the authorities in Mokwa and Niger state. They demonstrate a dereliction of duty and inability to secure and protect the lives of people in Mokwa.

Once again, AFAW implores the governor of Niger State, Abubakar Sani Bello, the Etsu of Nupe, Yahaya Abubakar Kusodu, the Commissioner of Police, the chairman of Mokwa to take urgent and immediate steps to restore law and order in Mokwa.

Hassan Patigi’s abusive healing practices must stop. Ndalile’s continued support for Patigi’s despicable activities in Mokwa must end.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 14, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/stop-hassan-patigis-abusive-healing-and-witch-hunting-activities-in-mokwa-niger-state.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Witch Persecution and Atheism in Malawi

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 14, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,093

Keywords: atheism, Leo Igwe, Malawi, witch killing, witch persecution.

Witch Persecution and Atheism in Malawi[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

The Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW) has been notified of another case of witch killing in Malawi. A local newspaper reported this unfortunate incident. According to the report, a village mob lynched a 55-year old man, David Mkandawire. He was accused of bewitching the village head. The man temporarily fled the community but was lynched on his return to the community. The police have yet to apprehend suspects. In August, AFAW was informed about a related incident, also in Malawi. In this case, a local mob destroyed houses and other belongings of suspected witches. Photos that were sent to AFAW showed rampaging mob setting on fire houses of alleged witches in a rural village. In a text message, an advocate in the area says: “There is pandemonium in Mbuta and Misi villages in Dowa district where villagers are setting houses on fire and killing livestock for individuals who allegedly practice witchcraft. The laws of Malawi do not recognize the existence of witchcraft”.

Now, if the law of Malawi does not acknowledge the reality of witchcraft, what are the law enforcement agencies doing? In an effort to understand the context, I shared the newspaper cutting with advocates in Malawi and asked for their thoughts. One said: “This is becoming a sorry sight. Almost every day we have one person killed for witchcraft. Community-based interventions could be the key to ending these abuses”.

Another advocate replied: “Terrible”. Then he stated: “The fact that this story has been filed as a brief shows that the media and society look at these issues as normal”. I asked him to clarify his point. And he noted: “I am saying that this is supposed to be a front-page story. It is a big story. But we have accepted such things as normal so we cannot give them a big space”.  I inquired to know what could be done to change the situation.

And he responded: “Raising awareness is the key. There are no serious programs in Malawi to address this. The only guy that has been fighting against this is George Thindwa. His mistake was that he launched a campaign arguing that there was no God. So when he started the anti-witchcraft campaign, he had already lost the plot”.

Now I asked him what would be the best ‘plot’ to end this harmful practice. He said: “You can mobilize resources and launch programs here. I am sure even local sponsors can join if you do it well”. His response did not address my question. So I asked him: “Should one lie about one’s belief to get the campaign right?” And he said: “The point is when raising awareness, you need to consider sensitive issues. If you want to tackle witchcraft, you do not focus on the arguments that there is no God, considering that you are dealing with people who are so deep in religion”. This advocate was not the first person to make this point- to fault the campaign by atheists to combat witchcraft allegations and witch persecution.

Indeed some have suggested that expressive atheism is a stopper, and is counterproductive in the campaign to eradicate witch persecution in the region. They advise that atheists should conceal or lie about their atheism when campaigning against witch persecution. I disagree. This proposition, which demonizes and de-legitimizes atheism has been part of the religious propaganda for ages. To wage a campaign that can stand the test of time, it is pertinent that such an initiative be fact and evidence-based. It is important that campaigners make clear their position on the existence of God when asked. While I understand the point in that suggestion, I think the proposition is mistaken. From my own experiences, atheism is a stopper for many people in persuading them to abandon the belief in witchcraft. But that does not diminish its campaign value or worth. Many witchcraft believers understand but may seem unpersuaded when anti-witchcraft campaigners state that they are atheists. They react out of cognitive dissonance. Witchcraft believers do not necessarily see atheistic viewpoints as invalid but as having some logical implications that conflict with what their religions teach them.

Look, many witchcraft believers think it is contradictory and religiously dishonest to claim to believe in God and not believe in witchcraft. When one tries to get into a conversation with a witch believer or tries to reason a person out of witchcraft belief, some of these questions usually follow: What is your religion? Which church do you go to? Do you believe in God? The way one answers these questions determines how the message is received. If one answers that he or she believes in God, has a religion, or goes to church and still does not believe in the reality of witches, the person is seen as a weak or dishonest believer and immediately get preached to. If one says that one is an atheist, the person is likely to get a reply such as “Nhhh No Wonder”. Witch believers understand that it is expected that a disbeliever in a witch should be a disbeliever in a god. The witch believer may choose to listen cautiously and curiously, hoping to be persuaded. That is if the person is a bit open-minded and liberal. Or the witch believer may decide to passively pay attention or may turn to the opposite direction shutting out this demonic talk.

Such reactions should not make campaigners water down the facts and evidence or lie about their belief or disbelief. In campaigning against witch persecution, non-belief in witches or by implication in God is an asset, not a liability. Those who think otherwise are greatly mistaken. Non-belief frees one from the crippling fears and anxieties that too often stop believers from waging an effective campaign against this dark and destructive phenomenon. Witch persecution persists in Malawi and other African countries due to lackluster awareness and intervention programs that do not compel or persuade believers to rethink the reality of witchcraft. This campaign status must change.

As the reports from Malawi show, witch persecution is ravaging many parts of Africa at an alarming rate. Witch imputation has created a situation of anomie and impunity. The situation needs urgent fact and science-based intervention. Africans must rally all resources in addressing this sociocultural disease. Africans must wage an effective campaign that reorients the minds of the people. They should put in place community-based education programs that dispel the belief in witches and intervention mechanisms that will end these horrific abuses even if the logical next step for Africans is embracing atheism.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 14, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/opinion-witch-persecution-and-atheism-in-malawi.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Mubarak Bala: Blasphemy and Islamic Sado-Masochism in Nigeria

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 13, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 886

Keywords: blasphemy, human rights, Humanism, Islam, Leo Igwe, Mubarak Bala, sado-masochism.

Mubarak Bala: Blasphemy and Islamic Sado-Masochism in Nigeria[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

Since the arrest of Mubarak Bala, I have repeatedly challenged Muslims on my Facebook and Twitter pages. I have asked these Mohammedans if they would like to be treated in countries where they are in the minority the way they are treating Mubarak Bala and persons who belong to minority religious and belief groups in Kano and other Muslim majority societies.

Incidentally, no Muslim has responded in the affirmative. No Muslim has urged nonmuslim countries to jail, or execute Muslims for professing a religion that is critical of other religions and prophets. No Muslim wants other Muslims to be sanctioned or killed for the mere fact of being a Muslim. Muslims do not want to be thrown into jail, held incommunicado without access to a lawyer for expressing their beliefs anywhere in the world. Muslims do not want to be executed or beheaded for saying what they think or believe. Muslims do not want to be penalized for espousing views and opinions that are critical or ‘disrespectful’ of other religions and prophets. Muslims want to be free everywhere in the world. Muslims want their right to freedom of religion, thought and expression respected. Now, if Muslims do not want to be punished for holding “blasphemous” views in non-muslim societies, why do they punish or sanction the killing of non-Muslims in places where Muslims are in the majority for holding or expressing views that are critical of Islam and its prophet?

Look, Muslims are telling the non-Muslim world to its face: Don’t kill or imprison us when we make statements that are critical of your religion or prophets. But we shall kill or imprison you; we shall behead or lynch you if you make a statement or indulge in any action that we deem insulting or disrespectful of the religion, god, prophet or holy book of Islam”. This position of Muslims drips with disgusting hypocrisy and contradiction.

I mean, what accounts for this penchant for murder and infliction of pain on religious and irreligious others- blasphemers, apostates, and unbelievers- among Muslims in Kano and other Muslim majority societies? What makes a significant segment of Muslims unremorseful about murdering those who insult their prophet while Muslim clerics go around the world making derogatory statements about prophets of other religions?

Islam is a religion that is fundamentally sadomasochistic. Islam is a faith that draws gratification from pains that Muslims inflict on themselves and others. The elements of sadism and masochism are the drivers and markers of Islam, as practiced in Kano and other places like Pakistan. Sado-masochism underlies the ongoing abusive treatment of Mubarak Bala, the unconscionable act of murdering alleged blasphemers including Muslims, and the complicity of the Islamic establishment in this savagery.

As a sadistic religion, Islam as practiced in Kano is predicated on pleasure derived from the suffering and maltreatment of any real or imagined transgressor as in the case of Mubarak Bala. Islamic faith feeds on agony, misery, and anguish that Muslims inflict on any supposed infractors, including other Muslims. Otherwise, how does one explain the jubilant reactions of Muslims in Northern Nigeria following the arrest and continued detention of Mr. Bala? How does one situate the fact that some Muslims have connived, with the police in Kano, to disappear Mr. Bala? Muslims have been celebrating online and offline that Mr. Bala is held incommunicado for over four months without access to a lawyer; without being formally charged. Muslims in Kano are content and pleased that Mr. Bala is being punished and treated as a criminal without being prosecuted or convicted in a court of law. What kind of religion justifies these violations? What kind of faith glorifies human indignity, degradation and humiliation?

As if the ongoing abuses do not suffice, some Muslims have threatened to kill Mr. Bala if he is eventually released. The Muslim police in Kano have used the threats as a justification to keep him in custody, to torture, and let him languish and die in jail. Motivated by faith and fear, Muslim police and court officials in Kano have continued to lie, use subterfuge and indulge in various forms of mischief and treachery to punish Mr. Bala. Threats to murder Bala have been openly and publicly made with impunity, without any condemnation from the Islamic establishment, without any objection from the self-styled peaceful and law-abiding Muslims.

Besides, Muslims also draws gratification from self-inflicted pains. Islam teaches Muslims to believe that the Islamic god would reward them abundantly in the hereafter if they die fighting for Islam or defending their faith. Islam sanctifies masochism and motivates Muslims to embark on a suicide mission or engage in self-immolation for the sake of Allah and its messenger.

Many years ago, a parent from one of the Middle Eastern countries said in reaction to the news that the son had died on a suicide mission: “Thank God my son is in heaven”. In heaven? Many Muslim parents in Nigeria fall into this category. In Kano, there are many Muslims who are ready and happy to kill themselves or be killed or get imprisoned in the quest to avenge any real or imagined insult on the Islamic god or prophet. This is obscenity and insanity masquerading as religion-in this case Islam. Muslims in Nigeria must abandon and discard this toxic and sadomasochistic form of Islam.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 13, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/mubarak-bala-blasphemy-and-islamic-sado-masochism-in-nigeria.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Fear of Charms, Scapegoating, and Human Rights Abuses in Afikpo, Ebonyi State

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 13, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,439

Keywords: Afikpo, charms, Ebonyi State, human rights, Humanism, Leo Igwe.

Fear of Charms, Scapegoating, and Human Rights Abuses in Afikpo, Ebonyi State[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

On September 3, 2020, an advocate drew my attention to a video that was circulating online. Titled, A Woman Accused of Using Evil Charms Was Banished from Her Village Ezi Akani Ukpa Afikpo Ebonyi State, the video documents the expulsion of a woman for using charms in her communitySomebody posted the video on the Facebook page of the Palace of Justice. In the video, some mainly young people could be seen driving out an innocent woman from the community. She was carrying a baby, about two years old, and holding a handbag, a sack, a calabash containing the so-called charms. In the video, a commentator says: “The woman that has been affecting the community for some time in Ezi Akani Ukpa. She has been told to leave the community for good”. By ‘affecting’ the commentator meant that the woman had used the charms to kill or harm people in the community.

Young men in their 20s and 30s could be seen videoing and recording with their cellphones and leading the woman out of the community. Then they came to some point, a village square, where women, men, and children gathered to see the alleged charm-woman. One of the youths snatched the calabash from her and showed it to others in the crowd who reacted in shock and outrage. They placed the calabash at the feet of the woman.

Apart from the red candle, a viewer could hardly make sense of other charming objects in the calabash. The mob urged her to destroy those “charm objects” in the calabash. Some people could be heard commanding her, and saying “doowa ya” which in the Igbo language means: “Tear it up”. And the woman could be seen tearing up some of the charm items. The commentator later stated that the woman was seen with pins, nails, and a red candle. They asked her to explain what the objects were meant for. Her answers did not satisfy some people in the crowd, and they could be heard saying: “They were all for fancy right?” They implied that she lied about the reason behind her acquisition of the charms

Later the commentator noted that the woman was told to take the calabash with her to the father’s house, which is in another village. At this stage, her baby started crying. Then the commentator said: “The charm is too much so she is going to leave the community”. At some point, some of the charm items dropped on the ground, and she was told to pick all of them, and not leave any behind. One person in the crowd could be heard saying “Ihe m na amaghi ama na m” meaning whatever I do not know should not know me” or whatever I do not associate with should not be associated with me. The woman was told to take all her charms with the associated ills, and misfortune away from the community and back to her father’s house. Her children could be seen crying and their mother was led out of the community. In the end, the video shows the woman leaving the community with her four children. This video highlights the strong link between occult fears and human rights abuses.

It elicited some comments from´viewers. While some persons condemned the abusive treatment, others endorsed it. For instance, someone said: “This is pure wickedness, where is the evidence that she is using it against anyone? So someone cannot do mysticism in peace in Africa anymore? Let them come up with valid evidence”. Incidentally, not everyone was interested in evidence as demanded by this commentator. In fact, in response, another person stated: “Don’t allow your eyes deceive you, that candle has a lot of pins in it. Those are humans like you that were pinned to the spirit that she offered the candle to. If you must cry, cry for those she must’ve killed ever since she started this. If village people don do you, u no go come here deh mercy for a wicked woman who must’ve shattered dreams of many youths and ready to do more. Those villagers deserve an award for not carrying out jungle justice on her”. This comment largely captures the mindset of the people in Ezi Akani that exiled the charm-user.

After watching the video I tried to get some more information about the incident. For instance, I wanted to find out what happened to the woman and the children: Where are they at the moment? And if it is possible I wanted to know how the Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW) could intervene. I left a message for the owner of the Palace of Justice page but I did not get any response. The advocate who sent me the post had no further details. AFAW has no contact person in Afikpo. So I searched online for any contact in Ezi Akani Ukpa in Afikpo North. Luckily I got a number and called it. The person graciously picked and told me that he knew about the incident. He went ahead to recount what happened.

According to this local source, this alleged charm user has been having issues with her partner. She was alleged to have battered the man and used ‘diabolical means’ in her everyday activities. It was alleged that she charmed the man and caused him to divorce his previous wife. This local source told me that on a particular occasion the woman allegedly fought and almost killed the man. The case was reported to the community. Some community members went to her house to intervene and sighted a clay pot or calabash at one corner of the compound. They claimed that the pot contained charms that the woman was using against people in the community. The leaders of the community came and eventually removed the charms. They banished the woman. My local source said that the woman relocated to a neighbouring village but they rejected her. She eventually went to her father’s house, where she is currently staying.

I asked the local source to link me up to the woman so that I could get her side of the story. He promised to do so. I gathered that Ezi Akani is a predominantly Christian although belief in the potency and efficacy of traditional charms is widespread. People use charms to protect themselves and their property. This local source told me that people could tie a red cloth to a calabash and place it on their farms to stop people from stealing the fruits or crops. In such cases, nobody is worried; the owners of such charms are not attacked or banished as in the case of this woman.

However, when such charms are linked to deaths, accidents, or sickness in the communities or in situations where the bearer confesses to have used it to harm people, members of the community usually sanction and banish such ‘evil persons’.

AFAW condemns in very strong terms the banishment of the woman in Ezi Akani Ukpa in Afikpo North for allegedly using charms. The case of this woman illustrates the ravaging impact of superstition based abuses. As noted by those who commented on the post on Facebook, AFAW regards the banishment as an act of cruelty, and a debasement of humanity. It is shocking to know that this form of maltreatment is going on in 21st century Nigeria.There is no evidence that the so-called charms harmed anyone in the Ezi Akani Ukpa community. And nobody has the right to banish another human being.

Belief in the potency of charms is a form of superstition and lacks basis in reason or reality.

Occult fears are rooted in anxieties, misconceptions, and insecurities including the demonization of traditional religious beliefs and practices that pervade in many parts of Christian Nigeria. The fear and belief in charms are in the minds of those who fear and believe. Those who engage in all forms of abuse and human rights violation due to their occult fears and anxieties should be made responsible for their actions. They need to be educated and enlightened. People in Ezi Akani in Afikpo North need to be reoriented and reasoned out of their primitive fears and anxieties.

AFAW will trace this woman who has been scapegoated by people in Ezi Akani and try and support her and her children. AFAW will explore ways of engaging the leaders and youths of Ezi Akani community and help dispel superstitious beliefs and fears that often motivate these abusive treatments. If people do not abandon superstitious notions and magical beliefs and embrace scientific outlook and critical thought, such acts of cruelty and abuse will not stop.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 13, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/fear-of-charms-scapegoating-and-human-rights-abuses-in-afikpo-ebonyi-state.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

The Real Witch-Hunting in Africa

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 12, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,381

Keywords: Africa, Cross River State, Leo Igwe, Nigeria, witch-hunting.

The Real Witch-Hunting in Africa[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

For westerners, witch hunting is a relic of the past, a phenomenon that belongs to early modern Europe, and 17th century Salem America. Witch-hunt features in contemporary discourses as a metaphor to describe the persecution of one’s political opponents. Otherwise, the term, witchcraft, encapsulates entertaining anthropological tales. But in many parts of Africa, this is not the case. Far from being a metaphorical expression, witchcraft is a frightful reality. Witch persecution persists, rages, and manifests in most vicious forms across the region. In recent months, there have been horrific attacks and vigilante killings of alleged witches in Nigeria, Ghana, and Malawi. As in early modern Europe, alleged witches in Africa are still targeted. They are burnt, stoned, and subjected to various trials by ordeal. Here are some recent examples

In May, a local politician set ablaze 15 persons suspected of witchcraft in Cross River State in Southern Nigeria. Among the victims were the politician’s mother, uncles, and other family members. According to eyewitnesses, the politician stormed the village with his witch finding team, dragged these relatives from their apartments, and threw them into the fire. He embarked on this witch cleansing exercise after he claimed to have seen these family members in a dream threatening to kill him. Three of the suspected witches have died as a result of the burns while other survivors are battling for their lives. Local authorities have yet to arrest and prosecute the perpetrators. Justice continues to elude victims of this horrific violence.

In July, a local mob lynched Akua Denteh, a 90-year-old woman accused of witchcraft in Ghana. A diviner claimed that Denteh was responsible for the death of her children and intended to deploy her magical powers against persons in the community. Her accusers brought her to a public square where she was beaten, stoned, and eventually set ablaze while other community members looked on. Denteh’s granddaughter was among her assailants. Like Nigeria, Ghana is notorious for persecuting witches. Hundreds of victims have taken refuge at some protective shrines known as witch camps in the country’s northern region. Unlike the Nigerian case, the authorities in Ghana have arrested and are prosecuting the witch bloodletters.

In a related development, some angry mob reportedly stoned a man to death for allegedly killing a relative through witchcraft. The incident took place in Dedza in Central Malawi on September 1, 2020. The ‘bewitched’ relative bewitched was living in South Africa. Western anthropologist, Peter Geschiere, aptly described this transnational bewitchment as ‘African witchcraft going global’, as opposed to the localized, village-bound witchcraft manifestations. Witch believing African migrants who take ill or who experience difficulties in far off places due to lack of documents, inability to access to social benefits, lack of jobs and employable skills ask family members back home to consult local diviners, pastors, prophets, and mallams. Very often these charlatans, based on the information that witchcraft fearers provide, point out these ‘enemies within’ who are usually family members. Certified witches are attacked or murdered in cold blood as the above-mentioned cases have vividly illustrated. These attacks and killings are not isolated incidents but frequent occurrences in many African societies.

Witch persecution predates colonialism and is linked to ‘primitive’ health/security management and healing practices. Witchfinders are social/health care providers. Before the introduction of orthodox medicine, the line demarcating magic and medicine was blurred. Knowledge of medicine was quite rudimentary. Herbal concoctions and rituals were the main components of the health care enterprise. Malevolent witchcraft was widely accepted as a narrative for making sense of death and diseases that defied natural understanding of the common sense of medicinal knowledge of traditional priests and healers.

But colonialists brought some change. They introduced orthodox medicine and enacted legislation that prohibited these harmful practices. Incidentally, the measures taken during the colonial era had limited impact; they fell short of realizing a sea change in understanding, and the management of causes and cures for various misfortunes. The colonial policies were unable to contain and dispel occult fears and anxieties. Instead, these measures drove witch finding and persecution underground consigning this medieval European throwback to rural communities and places with little or no contact with the colonial administration.

In postcolonial Africa, foreign political hold and influence on Africa weakened and in some cases completely disappeared. Limited police presence, poor health infrastructure, and a school system that mixes education and indigenous, Christian and Islamic religious indoctrination, a habitual disdain for critical thinking have yielded a reinforcement of magical potencies and efflorescence of occult fears.

This postcolonial climate provided a subsoil for the manifestation and valorization of witchcraft beliefs. For instance, police posts exist in these communities in Nigeria, Ghana, and Malawi where vigilante groups lynched or stoned alleged witches to death. But the police did not intervene. Very often there are few officers at these police posts and they lack the equipment to tackle the lynch mobs. Many of these police officers believe in the reality of witchcraft. Witch hunters execute their violent campaign at the invitation of community members including students and teachers who strongly believe in the reality of witches.

But I must acknowledge that nothing has testified to the intellectual rot and corrosive effect of witchcraft fears more poignantly than a protest by Christian university students in November last year. Christian students at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka opposed the organization of an academic seminar on witchcraft at the university. They claimed that the event was an open invitation to witches and wizards to take over the campus. These students organized a parallel prayer conference to spiritually counteract the event. The program went ahead but after the organizers moved the event to another venue because the initial venue was canceled. The organizers also changed the theme of the seminar from, Witchcraft: Meaning, Factors, and Practices to Dimensions of Human behaviors.

In addition to the widespread horrific attacks of alleged witches and impunity including the unimaginable torture and abuses that are meted out to suspected witches, the controversy over this academic conference on witchcraft was for me the tipping point. I could not believe that university students, petrified by occult anxieties could rally against an academic event in such a bizarre and embarrassing manner.

So in response to this outrageous situation, I launched in January [Ed. of 2020] the Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW) project. I outlined the vision of ending witch persecution in Africa by 2030. AFAW seeks to realize this objective by defending and empowering alleged witches; educating and enlightening witchcraft accusers and believers, pressuring state authorities to protect citizens and maintain law and order, and fostering critical thinking in schools.

Since January, AFAW has organized two campus meetings at universities in Ibadan and Nsukka on the theme: Who is afraid of witches/witchcraft on campuses? AFAW has intervened in cases of witch persecution in Nigeria, Ghana, and Malawi. In fact, in less than a year after the launch, AFAW is overwhelmed by requests to respond and intervene in cases of persecution and abuses liked to the belief in witchcraft and occult harm.

Since April this year, AFAW has successfully intervened in a case where a man was almost lynched for ‘stealing’ the destinies of youths in the community through occult means. AFAW has supported victims of witch-burning in Cross River state, child witch victims in Plateau, and Ogun states. We continue to draw the attention of local authorities to the disgraceful witch-hunting activities in Mokwa Niger state. In this case, a local Muslim witch hunter, Hassan Patigi performs witchcraft exorcism using sachets of water and subjects alleged witches to torture, inhuman and degrading treatments. AFAW has petitioned the authorities in Ghana, Zambia, Nigeria, and Malawi drawing their attention to witch persecution in these countries.

We continue to urge the government of Malawi to take urgent step to end vigilante killing of alleged witches in the country. AFAW has asked the police to investigate the activities of a local witch hunter who imposes heavy fines on alleged witches and abducts those who are unable to pay, holding them hostage until they pay up. Plans are underway to organize critical thinking workshops in schools and to encourage African youths and students to question ideas and beliefs. To realize a witch-hunting free Africa, a critical mass of Africa must embrace the habit of critical examination of beliefs.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 12, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/the-real-witch-hunting-in-africa.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Witch Persecution and Court System in Akamkpa, Cross River State

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 12, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,083

Keywords: Akamkpa, Cross River State, Leo Igwe, witch persecution.

Witch Persecution and Court System in Akamkpa, Cross River State[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

Another case of witch persecution is unfolding in Cross River state. I was attending an event in Lagos when the news reached me. A renowned Nigerian journalist, Funmi Iyanda, is featuring the issue of child witch persecution in one of her Public Eye episodes later in the year. She invited me for an interview at her Lagos studio in August. While at the dinner table with Barr James Ibor of the Basic Rights Initiative (Calabar), who was also featured in the program, his phone rang. I overheard a woman at the other end of the phone urging him to intervene in a case of witch persecution in one of the communities in Cross River state. An alleged witch was about to be murdered. I asked him to link me to this local advocate, which he did. I could not speak with the lady that evening. I asked her to forward photos of the victim to me. The following day I called the lady, and she told me that some youths in the community were about to murder an elderly woman, after accusing her of witchcraft. The contact person sent me a text summarizing details of the case:

“The sister’s children and her children have sent her out of the house that she built. When she came to Akamkpa, she bought a piece of land, erected a building, and invited the brother and sister to live with her. Today, they are saying that she is a witch. They have sent her out of the house that she suffered to build with the husband, beating her and saying that she is a witch, that she killed her children. This woman trained her sister’s daughter, who later died, and they said that she killed her niece. Now her sister has been sick for a long time. They did not allow her to go and see the sister at the hospital. The sister had HIV/AIDS, but they refused to tell people. Now she later died, and they claimed that she was responsible for her sister’s death and that she too must die. They said that it was a prophet that said she was a witch. They sacked her from the house that she suffered to build with her husband. Some of her children who are with her have also been sent out. The case is with the police and, also in court. The woman has no money to hire a lawyer. Any place that she tries to take refugee, the children would go there and cause trouble and ask them to send her out or kill her.”

I inquired to know more about the case, but the local advocate told me to contact one of the woman’s sons, the only child who has been defending and supporting her.

I tried speaking with the victim’s son on several occasions without success. Some days later, I was able to speak with him, and he confirmed the story as recounted by a local source. Some of the siblings suspected the mother of witchcraft and in August they abducted her and took her to a nearby bush to kill her. But the police and the youth leader intervened. The woman was rescued and taken to the police station. He gave me the phone numbers of the police officer and the youth leader who helped to rescue the mother. I called the youth leader the following day, and he confirmed that he helped save the alleged witch from being murdered. He noted that the woman had on several occasions been suspected of having occult powers and using them to cause harm, diseases, and death in the family. Some family members had reported her to the Akwa Ibom community in the area, and they asked the family to contribute some money, 100, 000 Naira (250 dollars), so that they could go and do some findings, and ascertain if the woman was a witch. And the family could not afford the money. And during this period, an old woman died in the compound. The children of the deceased and some of the children of the alleged witch went and abducted her and took her to a nearby bush to kill her. One of the sons contacted the police, and a police officer phone the youth leader in the community. The youth leader reached out to the abductors and prevailed on them. The alleged witch was eventually released and taken to the police station. The youth leader said that when they brought her out from the bush, the alleged witch had a machete cut on the left hand. They also hit her on the left eye, and she had some bloodstains on her clothes. The son said that the abductors robbed the mother and took the money in her possession.

I rang up the police officer who confirmed the story. He said that he was the Investigative Police Officer that handled the case. But he refused to make any further comment on the issue. He told me that the matter had been charged to court and would be coming up for hearing on September 18 at the Magistrate court, Akamkpa. A local contact told me that witch persecution in Akamkpa and that alleged witches were often attacked and beaten. That when people are persecuted for witchcraft, nobody used to come to their support. Meanwhile, there is tension in the community since the police intervened, and the case was charged to court. Those who tried to provide shelter for the accused had been attacked and beaten. The Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW) is in touch with the victim and the son. AFAW has provided some funds for her to rent an apartment while her case is being processed in court. Those who believe in witchcraft need to be educated and enlightened. They need to realize that witchcraft is a form of superstition. The notion that some persons could harm others through occult means is baseless and mistaken. Allegations of witchcraft are rooted in a lack of understanding of nature and how nature works. The police in Akamkpa must be commended for intervening in the matter and for rescuing the alleged witch from her bloodthirsty relatives. Now the police should work with community leaders to ensure that the woman suffers no more harm or attack. Those who tried to murder her would go to any length to evade justice. It is now left for the court to diligently process the case, and ensure that justice is done.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 12, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/witch-persecution-and-court-system-in-akamkpa-cross-river-state.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with LaRae Bakerink on Tales from Youth, MBA in Management, Curmudgeons, Male Brokers’ Temperaments, and Mensa International: Elected Chair, American Mensa; Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,978

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

LaRae Bakerink is the Elected Chair of American Mensa and a Member of the Executive Committee of the International Board of Directors of Mensa International. She has been a Member of San Diego Mensa since 2001. Bakerink earned a bachelor’s degree in Finance and an M.B.A. in Management. She lives in San Diego with her husband, Steve. She discusses: family history; the MBA in Management; a difficult personality; brokers; the temperament you most find with people; and American Mensa.

Keywords: American Mensa, Executive Committee, intelligence, IQ, Larae Bakerink, Mensa Foundation, Mensa International, San Diego.

Conversation with Larae Bakerink on Tales from Youth, MBA in Management, Curmudgeons, Male Brokers’ Temperaments, and Mensa International: Elected Chair, American Mensa; Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (1)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Superhero movies are very popular now. Let’s start on an origin story, if you want to give any, family history, and any tales from youth of particular influence on you.

LaRae Bakerink[1],[2]: My story: as I said before, I was born in Washington, D.C. I’m the oldest child. My father was the middle child of 9. My mother is the oldest child. Well, she was the oldest child, until she found out [Laughing]. Her father was not really her father. Thank you, 23andMe.

Jacobsen: Wow.

Bakerink: Yes, that’s a whole other story. I found out who my real grandfather is because I made my mother spit into a tube.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Bakerink: It is just nice to know. I always did well in school. My parents were pretty strict about it. In fact, if I ever thought about getting a B, I would probably be put on restriction. I started Kindergarten when I was 4. Because I had a high aptitude.

So, they wanted me in early. I went to 3 months of second grade and then skipped up to third grade because I had finished all my books, all my math books, English books, by the third month of second grade.

Then I was shorter, smaller, and, of course, younger than everybody. It made me very introverted. When you’re a little kid, and when everyone is a little taller than you, it makes a big difference. I got teased a lot.

But I was pretty good at sports. So, I could, at least, be physical and try and keep up. Then I graduated high school at 16, started college. Discovered my driver’s license and freedom [Laughing], college didn’t go so well for the first few years.

I think I had a pretty good childhood. It was a lot of fun. I was on swim team. In fact, I trained very competitively for almost 14 years swimming. Then I started out as a marine biologist. That’s what I wanted to be when I first started college.

Because San Diego, hello! Scripps Institute of Oceanography and all of that, it’s a big deal here. Then I realized there was not a whole lot of money in that. Even though, I love science. Because if you’re going to be a researcher or something, then you’re going to have to depend on grant money.

Then I fell into a job, a part-time job, at a stock brokerage firm. I discovered my love of finance. I changed my major to finance. I worked in the stock market for almost 30 years. I was on the Board of the NASDAQ stock market. I was on the Board of National Association of Securities Dealers, which is the regulatory agency for the stock market in the United States.

That was my life. My husband’s life, we had our own firm. I always was feeling that I should have done something more with my smarts, but, on the other hand, feel like I’ve done pretty well with my smarts over the years.

I always did well in school with good grades, loved school. One of the people who I know who actually really loved school. Still enjoy learning, I got married at a very young age and divorced at a very young age because, when you get married at 18, I don’t think you’re ready.

I met my current husband. We will be married 36 years this year. He and I ran our own brokerage firm for a while. Now, we’re retired, except I spend more time working for Mensa than I ever spent working for my company.

Jacobsen: You did an MBA too. What drove you to get the MBA in Management in particular?

Bakerink: Actually, the teacher that I had. She was the management teacher I had while getting my finance degree. I am really good with numbers. They tried to talk me into accounting. I was like, “No, it’s not my desire.” When I talked to her (the Dr.), she was adamant about having the management capability and being able to work the teams with the finance degree that I had, which would be very beneficial.

She was right. It was a good addition to the finance degree. Just because it gives you a different insight into working with other people, I hated all the team projects. But they’re probably one of the best things I ever did.

It helped me to work with them even if I didn’t like them, if I didn’t trust them, if I felt what I was doing was better than they were. Some people have a problem if they are better than you. It gave me a lot of good insight into how to work with a different variety of people.

I think that really helped me through the brokerage industry through the years because brokers are a breed unto themselves [Laughing]. They’re very focused on what they do. They don’t pay attention a lot to what is going on around them when they are focused.

I had to find a way to get to them. My husband called me “The Curmudgeon Whisperer.”

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Bakerink: Because I could get even our grumpiest brokers to laugh and to smile, and to get them to do what they needed to do.

Jacobsen: If you’re dealing with a difficult personality, your quintessential curmudgeon. How do you do it?

Bakerink: This one guy, I knew he really, really liked cats. If he started getting really crabby or demanding, or whatever, I would send him a picture of a cat, or I would joke with him about “I will send you a basket of kittens if you don’t behave.”

Because he liked cats and was afraid of kittens. He would laugh. Then he would stop being grumpy. We would get down to business. You find out what their passion is and focus on that, ‘Hey, you got this thing going on here. You don’t need to be grumpy. We can do this.’

It is reading people and figuring out the story as to why they’re really mad. Because half of the time, why they say they’re mad is not why they’re mad; they’re angry about a fight that they had with their wife yesterday.

So, they are going to take this out on me. “Did you have a bad day or weekend?” They go, “Oh, yeah, okay.” [Laughing]

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Bakerink: They calm down a bit.

Jacobsen: Are more brokers women or men?

Bakerink: Men, for sure.

Jacobsen: My image of a curmudgeon is a man. I don’t know if this is good or bad, but it’s the image.

Bakerink: The stock market, they’re so set in their ways. A lot of the brokers are brought up in what they call “Bull Pens.” They are trained in a big room, where they have to cold call customers and have a script. They have to tell customers this script over and over and over again.

It gets pounded into them: This is what you have to do. It is hard to get that out of them. When they get out into the real-world and have to socialize with their customers [Laughing] or their colleagues, once you learn where they come from, it becomes easier.

It is like that with anybody. You figure out what it is that drives them that makes it fun to work with them.

Jacobsen: What is the temperament you most find with people? If you cold call people day-in and day-out, in America and presumably outside it too, what is the general temperament over decades of working in that industry?

Bakerink: This is back in the day. It was all before emails. So, they’d get rejected a lot. They have to be tough skinned. Especially cold-calling, you’ll get yelled at. There are people who don’t want to hear from you, who hang up.

You’re given a phone list. You don’t know who you’re calling. It gives them a tough skin, which is a good thing sometimes. I had brokers quit who said, “I lost a customer’s money. I can’t do this anymore.” [Laughing]

So, you can’t have that feeling and do a good job, or to move forward. I think you have to be pretty tough to be a broker and you have to work with that, and figure out what they need to not be so mad all the time.

Jacobsen: Now, you’re working more in Mensa, as American Mensa’s Chair more than any other job you’ve had – or volunteer position. So, what are the tasks and responsibilities in being chief officer?

Bakerink: Number one, I am Chair of American Mensa. I run the meetings, the agenda. I am the face right now of American Mensa. I deal with the press. I probably get a couple hundred emails a day, not just from members, but people from all over. ‘You know, Mensa needs to look at this.’

I get more projects and ideas from people. Some of them a little crazy.

Jacobsen: Conspiracy theories?

Bakerink: Conspiracy theories they believe Mensa needs to investigate. Also, I am an ex-officio member of the Mensa Foundation Board, but I have designated a proxy for that. Because I feel I need to concentrate of doing a good job.

I am also on the Executive Committee for the International Board of Directors of Mensa International. So, three positions coming from one. There is a lot of interaction with the membership and the staff. We work on our events trying to recruit new members.

One of the things that I am really proud of that we finally got done is testing in a testing facility Prometric. So, you can take our test. You can go into one of our testing facilities. You can take it online at one of our testing facilities.

Prior to that, when you had gone to a psychiatrist and taken the Stanford-Binet or the Wechsler, you could provide that as prior evidence. But we also have proctors authorized by our national supervisory psychologist that will give the tests that we use for entrance for qualification for Mensa.

Those are usually the third Saturday of the month at either a church or some local community hall, libraries. That sort of thing, because it is a regular test. You need quiet. So, we have about 400 proctors nationwide.

Mensa members who have college degree, a 4-year degree, and then have also gone through and done all of the requirements to do a proctor, being observed, doing a test, observing others do a test, prior to being approved as a proctor.

Then they can give the test to potential candidates. But a lot of my Millennials will say, “I’m not taking a test on a Saturday morning. That’s either hangover or Home Depot day.”

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Bakerink: Plus, a lot of them are nervous, introverted and most of them don’t want to sit down in a classroom setting and take a test. Now that we have it set up with Prometric. They’re open 6 a.m. until 10 p.m. 7 days a week.

They can sit you down in a booth in a corner, so you don’t have to interact with other people, which makes some of our introverts very happy [Laughing]. With COVID-19, we haven’t been able to test.

Some have safety standards, so they can test. So, we don’t have to worry about those. But we still have people taking the test and wanting to join. I’ve worked on that for almost 7 years and finally gotten it to pass because everything was done on paper up until that point, instead of being able to take it at a computer.

You can’t take it at home. You have to take it at a center to verify identity and all that kind of stuff. That’s something I’m very excited about.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Chair, American Mensa; Member, International Board of Directors (Executive Committee), Mensa International; Ex-Officio Member, Mensa Foundation; Member, San Diego Mensa.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-1; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with LaRae Bakerink on Tales from Youth, MBA in Management, Curmudgeons, Male Brokers’ Temperaments, and Mensa International: Elected Chair, American Mensa; Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (1) [Online]. March 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-1.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, March 1). Conversation with LaRae Bakerink on Tales from Youth, MBA in Management, Curmudgeons, Male Brokers’ Temperaments, and Mensa International: Elected Chair, American Mensa; Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (1). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-1.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with LaRae Bakerink on Tales from Youth, MBA in Management, Curmudgeons, Male Brokers’ Temperaments, and Mensa International: Elected Chair, American Mensa; Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (1). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-1>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with LaRae Bakerink on Tales from Youth, MBA in Management, Curmudgeons, Male Brokers’ Temperaments, and Mensa International: Elected Chair, American Mensa; Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-1.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with LaRae Bakerink on Tales from Youth, MBA in Management, Curmudgeons, Male Brokers’ Temperaments, and Mensa International: Elected Chair, American Mensa; Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (March 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-1.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with LaRae Bakerink on Tales from Youth, MBA in Management, Curmudgeons, Male Brokers’ Temperaments, and Mensa International: Elected Chair, American Mensa; Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-1>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with LaRae Bakerink on Tales from Youth, MBA in Management, Curmudgeons, Male Brokers’ Temperaments, and Mensa International: Elected Chair, American Mensa; Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-1.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with LaRae Bakerink on Tales from Youth, MBA in Management, Curmudgeons, Male Brokers’ Temperaments, and Mensa International: Elected Chair, American Mensa; Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): March. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-1>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with LaRae Bakerink on Tales from Youth, MBA in Management, Curmudgeons, Male Brokers’ Temperaments, and Mensa International: Elected Chair, American Mensa; Member, International Board of Directors, Mensa International (1) [Internet]. (2021, March 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bakerink-1.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Blasphemy: Free Umar Farouq Now

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 8, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 526

Keywords: blasphemy, Islam, Leo Igwe, Muslim, Umar Farouq, Yahaya Aminu-Sharif.

Blasphemy: Free Umar Farouq Now[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

While efforts are being made to save the life of a 22-year-old Muslim singer, Yahaya Aminu-Sharif, who was sentenced to death for blasphemy, the world should not forget Umar Farouq. The international community should pressure the governor of Kano state, Abdullahi Ganduje, to free this 13-year-old boy from prison because he committed no crime. Like Aminu-Sharif, Farouk was accused of blasphemy and tried in a sharia court. While Yahaya was prosecuted for insulting Prophet Muhammad, Farouq was convicted for insulting the Islamic god. Yahaya was sentenced to death while Farouq was given a 10-year prison sentence. Now, a lot has been said about the death sentence on Yahaya, but there has not been enough focus on the outrageous prison sentence of Umar Farouq. There is no move to appeal and get the sentence overturned. Now does that mean this boy will spend the next ten years in jail? Let us take a closer look at Farouq’s case.

According to the news report, Farouq made derogatory statements about the Islamic god. That was all. Unfortunately, the report did not state what this 13-year-old exactly said. It is not clear how the prosecutor proved beyond a reasonable doubt that the said statement insulted the Islamic god. Allah did not attend the trial. The Islamic god did not testify before the court. But whatever the remark that he might have made, there is nothing that warrants this harsh sentence that the Upper Sharia Court in Kano handed down to an innocent boy. There is no justification for the imprisonment of Farouq. So one wonders what made the sharia court judge decide to penalize this boy. How is this sentence compatible with Islamic jurisprudence? What legal reasoning informed such a despicable verdict? What does a boy at that age know about Islam or the Islamic god? At 13 years, most Nigerian children are finishing their primary school or are starting secondary school. Most children have little or no knowledge about god or religion, except what they have been told. A 13-year-old has not attained the age of reason. Has he? So how could a sharia court be so mean, ruthless and shrewd in adjudicating a case that concerned a minor? What is the basis in conscience to inflict this punishment on Farouq?

I mean, Farouq cannot vote and, at his age, can seldom make a distinction between derogatory and non-derogatory remarks. Meanwhile, as a human being, Farouq has a right to freedom of expression. It is in freely expressing their thoughts and beliefs that children intellectually grow and develop. So how could a sharia court judge that worths his (or her) salt justify penalizing a child for some god related comments? What stretch of Islamic wisdom informed this obscene ruling?

Farouq is an Islamic prisoner of conscience. He is a victim of a vicious form of Islam that rages in Northern Nigeria. Blasphemy is a victimless crime because the entity that is supposedly hurt or insulted is a chimera. And it is unconscionable and unjust to imprison a child on such a ground.

So, I urge the governor of Kano state, Dr. Abdullahi Umar Ganduje, to free Umar Farouq Now!

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 8, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/blasphemy-free-umar-farouq-now.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Moses Foh Amoaning: A Homophobic Agenda in Ghana

Author: Roslyn Mould

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 8, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,531

Keywords: Ghana, homophobia, Humanism, Humanist Association of Ghana, Humanists International, Moses Foh Amoaning, Roslyn Mould.

Moses Foh Amoaning: A Homophobic Agenda in Ghana[1],[2]

Roslyn Mould is a Board Member of Humanists International and a former President of the Humanist Association of Ghana. Here she writes about an instance of prominent homophobia in Ghana, where she felt compelled to write on it.

On the 31st of January, 2021 LGBT+ rights Ghana, a movement at the forefront of championing the rights of all LGBTQIA persons in Ghana, hosted a fundraiser to officially introduce and promote its community space and to open its doors to members of the LGBT+ community and its allies. The event was graced by Community members and Allies such as representatives from various Human rights Organizations such as ISDAO, Humanists International and members of the Diplomatic Corps such as the High Commissioner of Australia to Ghana, the Danish Ambassador and the Ambassador of the EU to Ghana. There was also a musical performance by Wanlov the Kubolor and Emerging Artiste, Beryl.

On the 11th of February 2021, Executive Secretary of the National Coalition for Proper Human Sexual Rights and Family Values, Moses Foh-Amoaning called on the government to shut down the newly outdoored LGBT office in Accra. He has been on several platforms on the radio calling for the arrest and prosecution of all those involved claiming that it is against the law to have an LGBT group established here in Ghana and that it is unconstitutional. He has also called for gay conversion therapy to be introduced into the country.

All these assertions are ABSOLUTELY NOT TRUE and should be treated with the disdain that it deserves.

First of all, LGBTQ RIGHTS ARE HUMAN RIGHTS and it is very much entrenched in our Ghanaian Constitution. The following Articles of our Constitution clearly show this.

– Article 12[2]: “Every person in Ghana, whatever his race, place of origin, political opinion, colour, religion, creed or gender shall be entitled to the fundamental human rights and freedoms of the individual contained in this Chapter but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest.”

– Article 17[1] Right to equality before the law.

– Article 17[2] states that “…a person shall not be discriminated against on grounds of gender, race, colour, ethnic origin, religion, creed or social or economic status.”

Ghana has also signed a number of treaties on Human rights with various International Bodies such as the United Nations which has passed several resolutions specifically on the rights of LGBT+ persons in the world as seen below:

United Nations Resolutions – Sexual orientation and gender identity

Human Rights Council

Protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity (adopted 30 June 2016) – A/HRC/RES/32/2 E F S R C A

Human Rights Council resolution – Human rights, sexual orientation and gender identity (adopted 17 June 2011) – A/HRC/RES/17/19 E F S R C A

Human Rights Council resolution – Human rights, sexual orientation and gender identity (adopted 26 September 2014) – A/HRC/RES/27/32 E F S R C A

This clearly shows that Moses Foh-Amoaning’s assertions that LGBTQ rights are not recognized as Human rights are false.

Also, Our Ghanaian law does not state that mere attraction of the same sex is criminal.

Our Law states as follows:

Section 104 of the Criminal Code of Ghana states:

“Unnatural Carnal Knowledge.

(1) Whoever has unnatural carnal knowledge—

(a) of any person of the age of sixteen years or over without his consent shall be guilty of a first degree felony and shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term of not less than five years and not more than twenty-five years; or

(b) of any person of sixteen years or over with his consent is guilty of a misdemeanour; or

(c) of any animal is guilty of a misdemeanour.

(2) Unnatural carnal knowledge is sexual intercourse with a person in an unnatural manner or with an animal.”

“Misdemeanour” is defined in Section 296 of the Criminal Procedure Code as a sentence of imprisonment for not more than 3 years.

Evidence of “Unnatural Carnal Knowledge” is defined in Section 99 of the Criminal Code as:

“Whenever, upon the trial of any person for an offence punishable under this Code, it is necessary to prove carnal knowledge or unnatural carnal knowledge, the carnal knowledge or unnatural carnal knowledge shall be deemed complete upon proof of the least degree of penetration.”

This is often interpreted as being the particular piece of legislation that criminalizes homosexual behaviour. As it requires some degree of penetration, it would follow that women who have sex with women are excluded from this list.

This however is interpreted by this Lawyer with very little understanding of this law to mean that it is illegal to be LGBT which again is untrue. He also fails to show that the law also applies to heterosexual couples who engage in anal sex and fellatio aka blowjob which most heterosexuals in Ghana are said to engage in but have never been prosecuted for between consenting adults.

Another utterly false idea he keeps promoting is that being LGBT is treatable through prayer and conversion therapy.

Infact, this is a very dangerous agenda and should be taken seriously, investigated and banned from this dear country of ours. Beyond studies focused solely on reparative therapy, broader research clearly demonstrates the significant harm that societal prejudice and family rejection has on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) people, particularly youth. Furthermore, there is significant anecdotal evidence of harm to LGBTQ people resulting from attempts to change their sexual orientation and gender identity. Based on this body of evidence, every major medical and mental health organization in the United States has issued a statement condemning the use of conversion therapy.

Psychiatrist Dr. L. Spitzer, who once offered a flawed study on reparative therapy, has since denounced the study and has apologized for endorsing the practice.

Several Lawmakers in the USA have condemned this abhorrent practice including Jerry Brown, Governor of California who said:

“These practices have no basis in science or medicine and they will now be relegated to the dustbin of quackery.”

I do not know of any Ghanaian Scientist who would bet on their Doctorate degree that they have any proper scientific proof and data to support gay conversion therapy.

Moses has no basis to use faith healing and pseudoscientific means with no data to support these so-called therapies and yet wants to impose on the government to introduce it to the public as an alternative solution to the LGBTQ ‘problem’.

Moses needs to be aware that Ghana is not just a Christian or Islamic Country so he has no right to impose his beliefs on others as we enjoy the rights of the Freedom of Association as per our Constitution and having the support of certain figures in religious groups is just an appeal to authority which is highly fallacious and does not justify Homophobia.

He has made claims in the past that it is UnAfrican to be LGBT+ or support their rights however, he clings to the archaic British colonial laws to promote his homophobic agenda and uses imported religious beliefs to condemn members of the LGBT+ community

Time and time again, he has come up with various strategies to incite hate and indirectly giving individuals and vigilante groups the confidence to justify violence and discrimination against LGBT+ Ghanaians.

His coalition was the organizer that was responsible for hosting a well known extremist Christian far-right hate group from the USA known as the World Congress of Families in 2019 for a conference without any opposition from the public as it was their constitutional right as well.

He also fought against sex education for the youth in our schools and claimed the CSE curriculum as a ‘Gay Agenda’.

Meanwhile, He was the same person to oppose the Pan Africa ILGA Conference that was then slated for June 2020 in Accra but had to be cancelled due to the rise of the pandemic at the time.

We would not sit back this time and watch you continue on this path of hate-speeches. We would not be ok with your plan to import this harmful gay conversion therapy on our youth and fellow Ghanaians. No Moses! No more of allowing you to continue to spew this false narrative to misinform the good citizens of this country.

You and your homophobic agenda would not be allowed to prosper and sow seeds of discord amongst our people.

To all LGBT+ Ghanaians, please know that we now have an Office that would always serve as a safe space to be yourself, meet people like you, celebrate Pride, share your story and get the support you need to make your life as a Queer Ghanaian healthy and wholesome, etc.

To all Allies, please feel free to support and assist LGBT+Rights Ghana in any small way by donating to the LGBT+ Community Fund and following LGBT+ Rights Ghana Group on all social media platforms.

It is my hope that His Excellency Our President, His Excellency Our Vice-President, Honorable Members of Parliament and Fellow Ghanaians would continue to make Ghana a Country of peaceful and hospitable people, would continue to protect the rights and freedoms of every single Ghanaian citizen regardless of their sexual orientation and identity and do away with Homophobia in Ghana someday once and for all.

Long live Ghana! Long live the LGBT+ Community in Ghana! Long Live LGBT+ Rights Ghana Group!

Original publication date: 12/02/2021.

Original publication: www.QGhana.org.

Original link: https://www.qghana.org/post/moses-foh-amoaning-and-his-homophobic-agenda-in-ghana.

Sources:

https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/discrimination/pages/lgbtunresolutions.aspx

http://www.fao.org/gender-landrights-database/country-profiles/countries-list/national-legal-framework/rights-entrenched-in-the-constitution/en/?country_iso3=GHA#:~:text=%2D%20Article%2012%5B2%5D%3A%20%E2%80%9C,others%20and%20for%20the%20public

https://www.refugeelegalaidinformation.org/ghana-lgbti-resources

https://www.hrc.org/resources/the-lies-and-dangers-of-reparative-therapy

https://www.myjoyonline.com/foh-amoaning-calls-for-shutdown-of-new-lgbt-office-in-accra/

 

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Board Member, Humanists International; Former President, Humanist Association of Ghana.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 7, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/moses-foh-amoaning-a-homophobic-agenda-in-ghana.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Bishop Oyedepo and Irresponsible COVID19 Faith Healing Claims

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 4, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 363

Keywords: Advocacy for Alleged Witches, AFAW, Bishop Oydepo, COVID-19, faith healing, Leo Igwe.

Bishop Oyedepo and Irresponsible COVID19 Faith Healing Claims[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

The Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW) is deeply concerned about the recent statement by the founder of the Living Faith Chapel, David Oyedepo, that he could lay hands and pray for COVID19 patients. His claim has the potential of undermining efforts to tackle and defeat this vicious virus. Oyedepo has reportedly said during his sermon on Saturday, August 29: “Can you imagine anyone bringing a coronavirus patient to me and I won’t lay hands on him? Will I wear gloves to lay hands on them?” Then he went further to state: “I will lay hands on them; breathe into them; embrace them. What you carry is eternal life. It’s not human life. You should know that”. Unfortunately, Oyedepo has made similar reckless remarks in the past. For instance, in June, this pentecostal preacher and witchcraft exorcist said that his church had recorded over 114 COVID19 healing testimonies. These faith healing claims fly in the face of facts and figures regarding the management and containment of COVID19 in Nigeria and beyond. The Nigerian health authorities should call Oyedepo to order. They should sanction him because Oyedepo is a pastor with an academic background in architecture, not a public health expert. Living Faith Chapel is a church, not a health institution.

The coronavirus pandemic has dealt a heavy blow to the faith healing industry. And pentecostal pastors such as Bishop Oyedepo are desperate to get back into the business of mining the gullibility of Nigerians. The virus has succeeded in exposing the fakery and inefficacy of faith-healing practices. COVID19 is a global pandemic and a public health emergency that has no cure yet. There is no evidence that coronavirus patients could be healed through prayer or laying of hands. Instead, evidence abounds that such practices contribute to the spread of the infection. Some pastors reportedly contracted the virus and subsequently died after praying and laying hands on patients. So, Oyedepo’s statement is a proposition that could lead to a spike in the infection, or death. AFAW urges members of the public to disregard this misleading and irresponsible proposition of Bishop Oyedepo and continue to follow the WHO evidence-based guidelines for the management of the pandemic.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 4, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/bishop-oyedepo-and-irresponsible-covid19-faith-healing-claims.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, In-Sight Publishing, and African Freethinker with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Sassywood and Witch Persecution in Liberia

Author: Dr. Leo Igwe

Numbering: Issue 1.B, Idea: African Freethinking

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: African Freethinker

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March3, 2021

Issue Publication Date: TBD

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 612

Keywords: Leo Igwe, Liberia, Nigeria, Sassywood, Witch persecution.

Sassywood and Witch Persecution in Liberia[1],[2]

Dr. Leo Igwe is the Founder of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, the Founder & CEO of Advocacy for Alleged Witches, and the Convener of the Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030. 

The Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW) is outraged over the tragic death of an alleged witch, Sarah Togbe, in Grand Gedeh County in Liberia. Togbe collapsed and died after taking local concoctions made from the bark of the Erythrophleum suaveolens tree.This form of trial by ordeal is called Sassywood, and is used to identify witches in this West African state. Ms. Togbe has, on several occasions, been accused of witchcraft. On this fateful day, she resorted to self-administering the poisonous-drink to ‘clear her name’. Allegations of witchcraft are socially disabling and often lead to severance of family and community ties. In witch believing communities, it is usually a case of once a suspect always a suspect. The stigma does not disappear.

Ms. Togbe took the concoction after the children of a man, Zean Lolee Sayee, accused her of being responsible for the death of their father. Ms. Togbe could no longer bear the shame, taunting, and finger-pointing; she had to take some concoction to confirm her innocence. Unfortunately, the process led to her death. In 2018, a 50-year-old woman, Sennie Dealeyah died after being subjected to Sassywood ritual. Unlike the case of Ms Togbe, a man identified as Dahn administered the drink based on the instruction of the local chief. Some children allegedly accused Dealeyah of initiating them into the witchcraft coven.

The Sassywood ritual drink can help determine if an accused person is guilty or innocent. It certifies if a person is a witch or not. The belief is that an accused person, who takes the concoction, lives if he or she is innocent. But if the person dies, then he/she is guilty.

The notion that alleged witches, as in the case of Ms. Togbe, voluntarily take this anti-witchcraft concoction is mistaken. Accusations of witchcraft make the accused miserable and unable to live with others in peace and harmony. Accused persons are feared and hated. They are seen as enemies and traitors. Alleged witches are maltreated in ways that leave them with no other option but to try and exonerate themselves. So people pressure alleged witches to prove their innocence.

In 2007, the UN urged Liberia to outlaw Sassywood and other forms of trial by ordeal. In 2008, the Supreme Court of Liberia ruled that Sassywood ritual was illegal and unconstitutional. Whilst in 2009, the government of Liberia banned the Sassywood ritual. The ban was announced after at least two persons accused of witchcraft took the concoction and subsequently died. Unfortunately, as in other parts of Africa, this policy has been difficult to enforce. Efforts to stamp out Sassywood rituals have yielded limited results, especially in rural areas or in city slums and ghettos where there is a limited presence of the police.

The Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AFAW) condemns the practice of Sassywood, the drinking of concoctions, and other witch detecting rituals in Liberia. Witches are imaginary entities.So the idea of a witch detecting concoction is senseless. AFAW urges all suspected witches to resist taking any witchcraft exonerating potion because such drinks are usually poisonous and could cause death or health damage.

AFAW asks the authorities in Liberia to take measures to stop persecution and trial by ordeal of suspected witches and wizards in rural and urban areas. Community leaders who conduct or condone such practices should be sanctioned. Liberian authorities should put in place mechanisms to reason the people out of the misconception that witchcraft provides a plausible explanation for illness and other misfortunes. There is no evidence that Sassywood concoction could determine the guilt or innocence of an alleged witch. There is no link between Sassywood and witchcraft. Liberians should abandon superstition and embrace science and critical thinking.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Founder, Humanist Association of Nigeria; Founder & CEO, Advocacy for Alleged Witches; Convener, Decade of Activism Against Witch Persecution in Africa: 2020-2030.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 3, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/sassywood-and-witch-persecution-in-liberia.

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Conversation with Hiroshi Murasaki on Family, Intelligence, Genius, Philosophy, and Love: Member, ISI-Society

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 9,423

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Murasaki Hiroshi is a Member of ISI-Society. Hiroshi discusses: growing up; a sense of an extended self; the family background; the experience with peers and schoolmates; some professional certifications; the purpose of intelligence tests; high intelligence discovered; the extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses; the greatest geniuses in history; a genius from a profoundly intelligent person; profound intelligence necessary for genius; work experiences and jobs; particular job path; the gifted and geniuses; God; science; the tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations); the range of the scores; ethical philosophy; social philosophy; economic philosophy; political philosophy; metaphysics; philosophical system; meaning in life; meaning externally derived, internally generated; an afterlife; the mystery and transience of life; and love.

Keywords: family, genius, Hiroshi Murasaki, intelligence, IQ, ISI-Society, love, philosophy.

Conversation with Hiroshi Murasaki on Family, Intelligence, Genius, Philosophy, and Love: Member, ISI-Society

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: When you were growing up, what were some of the prominent family stories being told over time?

Murasaki Hiroshi[1],[2]*: My family is far away now. We spent a lot of time together when we were close. I was raised harshly and severely by my mother, to whom I am very much indebted. She is not my real biological mother, but she has taken her place. She taught me the essential values ​​to which I am very attached. The stories she told me were from real life, not fairy tales. We often played together, even video games. The stories she told me, very often, were visions of the future. A future we would build together.

Jacobsen: Have these stories helped provide a sense of an extended self or a sense of the family legacy?

Hiroshi: Everything my mother taught me is like tattooed on my skin. It helped me develop a personal sense of myself vigorously. I learned the value of constancy, commitment, getting things done, and always doing my best. She taught me about having pride in myself and people who deserve respect. She taught me the value of strength, of willpower.

Without her teachings, I would hardly be the person I am: I have a definite love for the identity that I managed to build, I hate making promises I can’t keep, I hate leaving things unfinished. Above all, I hate not achieving the goals I set myself. For me, it is unforgivable. I know I’m very strict, but I like the way I am. My family has had many faults but, to me, they are very precious, more than merits, because they made me proud of both myself and them.

Jacobsen: What was the family background, eg, geography, culture, language, and religion or lack thereof?

Hiroshi: My family is very heterogeneous, it includes different countries, different cultures, different languages, ​​and different religions. I am a native speaker of three languages.

It is difficult to identify a single reference background, even if the common idea is the same. Perhaps a common flaw that many of us have is excessive pride, which I judge badly. An advantage is the sense of unity and the strong perception of the concept of respect and the scientific consideration of things.

Jacobsen: How was the experience with peers and schoolmates as a child and an adolescent?

Hiroshi: I’ve always been the weird, the different, one. In adolescence, I had to deal with a strong sense of aggressivity that alienated me from others. When I was in high school, I enjoyed going to college courses instead. I’ve always done things with absurd timing to say the least, in the negative sense of the term. I never got along with my peers because I have always loved independence and work. I never asked my parents for money and I always made money by myself with jobs. I have always had strong corporate inclinations, linked to ambition, even as a teenager: I liked forming groups and doing creative projects, which always aimed at solving a problem and earning money.

Jacobsen: What have been some professional certifications, qualifications, and trainings earned by you?

Hiroshi: My professional life is divided into two major phases. That of working in the company as a developer and communicator and that of an artist. So I have various certifications for studies and courses that I have done like those of Adobe, those of Magento or WordPress, a slew of certifications for business management courses… I also have a degree in languages ​​that I took when I was younger. Now I’m getting my degree in physics. Lately, I have decided to clear my professional background and focus on physics and art, possibly together.

I’ve worked so hard, now I just want to do things I like. For this I am currently studying social media, how to be a freelance artist in the science sector and how to do a good branding job on myself. The IQ certifications, however, I did not take them to serve me professionally. I took them to solve an insecurity problem with the university and because I was hoping to get financial help to study. As a working student, it can be very frustrating not being able to devote as much time as possible to studying, which is my greatest passion.

So I invented a job where my job was to study for others.

Jacobsen: What is the purpose of intelligence tests to you?

Hiroshi: Intelligence tests provide a not indifferent emotional engine, they can give an answer to some questions when you feel not up to something or not accepted. The first time I took the test it was for an emotional response. At the physics college, a lecturer told me that I wasn’t smart enough to go to college and I took the test to have a counter-proof, a proof that he was wrong.
 At the time, I couldn’t afford to pay taxes and in truth, I admit, I wanted to be pampered for my intelligence. I think it is correct to take care of very intelligent people, rather than forcing them to lower themselves to the level of others, getting bored to death. For me, to a certain extent, a test passed with a high score was also a moral obligation towards myself, I could not say that I was not intelligent enough to do something. If it was my duty to do it, surely I could have completed it, the test obliged me, but it also allowed me to constantly validate myself, to learn and therefore to become smarter from time to time: a learning positive feedback mechanism.

Jacobsen: When was high intelligence discovered for you?

Hiroshi: When I was young I felt smarter than everyone else: I programmed, repaired computers, studied, had a job… In my head it was obvious that I was superior to others and often looked at them with disdain.

When I got to the heart of this issue and my studies, I realized that there was really something wrong.
The first association I met was for 130-140, it was 2016, and I was already studying physics. I had entered to prove to myself that I was enough to attend physics faculty. Although it was an association for high IQs, I did not perceive them as intellectually superior to me, while at university I still felt the same as everyone who attended the degree course, on the contrary, I felt less than them, that they were much better than me certainly on the application part.

Of course, the problem could be the background. I already had a degree in literature, while many of them came from the scientific and had a mindset more adapted to the sciences and their way of thinking.


Later, as the school years progressed, I totally lost interest in IQ. To date, my IQ is certified at 164, and this certificate has done nothing to me except to upset people when I talked about it by appearing superb. I value things for their functionality. Certified IQ makes me feel different, attackable. However, right now I feel anything but confident in my brainpower. If I think about the limits of my reality and try to reason as if I were outside the physical system of which I am a part, my head goes up in smoke.

I feel limited by current mathematics, which, if interpreted as a language, seems to have the same limits as us. When faced with what I see, what I study, I feel small. So, in truth, the discovery of higher intelligence is only an illusion. Intelligence is a complex factor, formed by a spectrum of non-interchangeable and alienable capacities over time.

Jacobsen: When you think of the ways in which the geniuses of the past have either been mocked, vilified, and condemned if not killed, or praised, flattered, platformed, and revered, what seems like the reason for the extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses? Many alive today seem camera shy – many, not all.

Hiroshi: Because human beings do not tolerate solutions that are incomprehensible to them, genius is not easily understood and is derided, like Baudelaire’s Albatross. The human being laughs at what he does not understand, thinking that humiliating something makes the sense of inadequacy he feels or the ridicule he covers up disappear. As for being shy or not in front of a camera, each person is different and each category collects infinite nuances. The word genius is a whole with indefinite outlines and unclear properties.

Jacobsen: Who seem like the greatest geniuses in history to you?

Hiroshi: I would say Dirac. After Einstein, Noether, Godel and Heisenberg there is Dirac, which is what I feel closest to. What distinguished Dirac more than anything else is the beauty of mathematics, and the idea that theoretical physics can be based entirely on mathematics, not as a tool, but as a language capable of offering direct access to the mechanisms of the universe. He proved that it is possible, opening the door to a new way of doing physics.
Dirac had his own vision of the world made explicit in the affirmation “if science is the attempt to say in words understandable by all things that people did not know before, poetry is its opposite, that is the tendency to talk about things known with dark words“. I like poetry, but Dirac is right. It takes less opinion, more clarity and fewer personal interpretations of nature. The scientific method needs to show everyone its beauty and elegance. What is the meaning of beauty in mathematics, however, should be explored.

Jacobsen: What differentiates a genius from a profoundly intelligent person?

Hiroshi: The genius knows how to put both hemispheres in communication, he knows how to move in multidisciplinarity, he knows how to feed himself and look for things even in the most unthinkable places. An intelligent person looks for answers in his own rationality and in himself. The genius knows how to look for the answers outside. The truth is, we are a not-too-well-planned database of what we see. Furthermore, the genius understands that the difference between reality and fantasy is marked only by hard work, after all, genius comes from ingenuity, not from intellect.

Jacobsen: Is profound intelligence necessary for genius?

Hiroshi: No, intelligence develops over time. It can be trained, genius is a mindset. It certainly has genetic basis, but it is not enough. Furthermore, having high intellectual abilities means nothing: aptitude plays a fundamental role.

Jacobsen: What have been some work experiences and jobs held by you?

Hiroshi: I’ve done a lot of jobs in my life, because I needed to find my way. My studies were also strange, but somehow everything managed to converge in one place.

I was a communicator, with advanced web and graphic development skills.
I worked for important sports clubs in Serie A (football), I worked for the Aerospace department and for companies always linked to aerospace, I worked for universities and I was the technical director of a national TV oriented to children aged from 16 to 25 years.

All these experiences led me to the realization that I want to go back young and dream of my career in theoretical physics. Now I can look at physics studies through the eyes of a more mature person, richer in experience.

At the moment, I study physics full time and my main job is being a science illustrator and communicator. Recently, I have been preparing a path as a scientific V-Tuber. I love science and I want to show its beauty to as many people as possible, without ever making it look boring.

Jacobsen: Why pursue this particular job path?

Hiroshi: I had to build my economic stability day after day, really seizing every opportunity. I have always offered communication and development services, but I started from the bottom. I have always combined my work as a freelancer with some personal projects that were seriously linked to my personal interests.

Since I enrolled in a second university to study physics, I have had to deal with the shortage of time, so I have gradually started to eliminate personal projects and reduce the number of clients. Nowadays, I no longer communicate for anyone who is not linked to the scientific / university sector. I work mainly as a scientific illustrator but I also do more versatile things, if the work team is pleasant and I feel comfortable.

I have recently started, but I have already obtained jobs for very important universities (in the top 10 in 2020), I can finally say that I have found my way.


It makes no sense to work in an industry that you don’t love madly: you become cynical and bored. I study to become a researcher in Theoretical Physics, but I work every day to spread to the youngest, to offer free training, to explain science through art and manga. Because after all, I’m a nerd who believes too much.

Jacobsen: What are some of the more important aspects of the idea of ​​the gifted and geniuses? Those myths that pervade the cultures of the world. What are those myths? What truths dispel them?

Hiroshi: I have always grown up surrounded by people who admired me simply because I knew how to do many things and, in their opinion, well, the truth is that I was curious and hyperactive, but everything I learned, I learned it with effort: I can draw and this has required at least ten years of study. I can speak many languages, but I started as a child and practically never stopped (last year I thought about moving to Denmark and I successfully completed the basic Danish language course). Today I don’t live in Denmark and I have forgotten almost everything I had learned, while in the common idea of ​​a genius they learn immediately without effort and remember forever, which is absolutely not true.

So, the bottom line is that necessity creates virtue. We learn the things we need and probably the genius is the one who has learned his trade and who has understood that he needs to learn more to train his talent. Precisely, as a sportsman continues to train more and more to overcome his limits, the truth is that one day I decided I wanted to become a genius and, therefore, I started doing things like geniuses, even if I never believed in genius as ordinary people do.

I played the part, but I never forgot the work behind the scenes, a bit like a magician would. I believe that people must first understand that intelligence (technical part) and genius (attitude and mental state) are things that are built and it is never too late to do so.

I started building it around the age of 25 (very late), and the results came very quickly. Maybe being a genius is closer to being an influencer than a philosopher, inspiring others by doing what you love. 
It doesn’t matter how big the numbers are.

For example, when I enrolled in college I had absolutely no idea how modern physics was organized. I just knew I was interested in time travel, so I read about Einstein, Dirac, and some other famous names. I started playing the violin at 27 because Einstein played it. Nowadays, I don’t like Einstein as much as I used to, but the violin is part of my life.

I read the biographies and tried to read the same books as in the case of Einstein and Dirac, who have the most particular thought possible: I found that the rationale for their studies was realized through the reading of Mill’s deductive logic. I bought the book and started reading it as soon as I realized it.

What does this mean? If you want to be a sportsman you have to think like a sportsman. Talent is the consequence of doing something with passion by immersing yourself in that way of being, which you learn little by little. When they say ‘want is power’ and that ‘hard work brings results’, it is true. You are not born geniuses, but only very lucky because the environment has already put you in that mentality from an early age. If you weren’t lucky, you can fix it yourself.

Jacobsen: Any thoughts on the God concept or gods idea and philosophy, theology, and religion?

Hiroshi: I don’t believe in a divine figure as imagined by the great monotheistic religions and the figure of a divinity drawn in this way is only a political rather than a spiritual tool.

My first university career was history, cultures and religions.

Studying physics it is difficult not to believe anything, but I believe that this discourse deserves a separate space. What I can say is that the more I study, the more I feel I am small. The smaller I feel, the more I want to grow. For me, the concept of God is this sense of movement. Sometimes I have imagined the existence of the divine, in a place where I thank him for creating something as beautiful as the universe. The truth is that, before we can deal with the big questions of philosophy, we must have better weapons.

Jacobsen: How much does science play into the worldview for you?

Hiroshi: Science is the foundation of every single event that happens in the world. In biology, it is said that nothing makes sense except in the light of evolution. Physics reaches an even more visceral level, so visceral that it leaves you speechless. I love science more than anything else: as a former humanist, I say that the beauty of physics is something that can communicate with the soul better than a Dante’s triplet would.

What moves me every day is science. I absolutely want to get to know it better, day after day. I can’t imagine a world where physics is not part of my existence.

Jacobsen: What have been some of the tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations) for you?

Hiroshi: I did a Mensa test, Fiqure test with 164 (SD15), ENST20 test of which I don’t remember the score, but always between 158 and 165. All deviations are sd15. I then wanted to focus on getting a 170+ certification because in my worldview of IQ it is not true that you are 160 and remain 160. By raising the aerobic threshold of the brain, IQ can go up, just like in the gym.

Unfortunately, however, the fact that I had to work a lot and that when I asked for a scholarship to be able to focus on my studies, the state of poverty was more important than my intellectual abilities, threw me into a deep crisis. Not only that: talking about your IQ puts you in a compromised situation. People tell you that you want to put yourself above others, that certifying intelligence is nonsense and so I stopped worrying about trying other higher tests because I couldn’t see any achievable advantage. At present, I want to be able to get admitted to a university of the caliber of Cambridge (actually, I would like Cambridge), from what I understand the projects in the portfolio count much more, rather than an exaggerated IQ. So, although my ambition made me think I wanted to try the GIGA, after the 4G I eventually lost the reason behind the purpose. Ultimately, smart or not, we always need a community to feel part of and to feel protected from, with which to share goals and visions.

Jacobsen: What is the range of the scores for you? The scores earned on alternative intelligence tests tend to produce a wide smattering of data points rather than clusters, typically.

Hiroshi:  Generally 162 or 164, I don’t remember exactly. Once there was a 151, as well as a 172. I like to think 164, because my girlfriend did a 166 and I like to say she has a few more points than me, because I find it fun and also very inspiring.

Jacobsen: What ethical philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Hiroshi: I have written my personal Ethical Path over the last 10 years, mixing visions and philosophies, even conflicting with each other, since modern society is a linear combination of these philosophies, even dichotomous ones.

My ethics require me not to waste time on silly thoughts, to work hard to get what I want at any cost, to be sincere and to always show my will, at every opportunity. Don’t lie and use the truth as a weapon, always be true to myself.

Reject prejudice in all its forms, stay curious. Learn from everyone and always offer something from your experience to teach. Research, experiment.
Fight your own defects and improve yourself, set yourself very ambitious goals, reaching at least half of them every year. Challenging the improbability, to find yourself in a life that is always changing. Unlikely calls unlikely, so different occasions, every time.

Living in the cult of one’s vision. Life is too short to sacrifice ourselves, we have to live fully for ourselves. If it’s not possible, try the impossible.

Jacobsen: What social philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Hiroshi: At this moment in my life, I am studying social dynamics with interest for the first time and I am approaching emotional intelligence. Personally, I had a particularly strict and wild background, so I don’t appreciate too soft approaches, but I think it depends on the types of people. The truth is that I don’t like to surround myself with soft people, even if my curious nature makes me want to understand rather than judge.

I’m far from grasping social understanding and trying not to fall into the trap of hypocrisy, but I hope in a few years to be able to answer this question. For now, I say that I am transgender (born woman, became man) and therefore gender issues should be my point of reference. Probably, however, I am only interested in discussing the social dimensions of scientific knowledge and a philosophy that revolves around this. A bit like it happened in the early twentieth century.

Jacobsen: What economic philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Hiroshi: Personally, I believe that capitalism is something unsustainable. However, the possibility of not being able to increase one’s wealth scares me. If in the future there was a payment on time and services, I don’t think I would be happy. Because I’m lazy and because I build job opportunities mainly based on optimizations.

Jacobsen: What political philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Hiroshi: I hate democracy when it makes no sense to exist. I live in a country where people don’t know what they’re talking about. The civic sense is at a minimum and the situation is of profound crisis. People who talk about flat earth, about conspiracies, about not wanting vaccines and so on. These people have the same right to vote as me. This democracy, as Plato said, makes no sense and is a strong degeneration. Each has a weight. One is not worthy, in this context.

To date, the only political philosophy that pleases me is Chinese legalism, which comes from Confucianism. From there the geniocracy, which sees as its basic principle measuring the raw intelligence and giving the right to vote only to those who have an intelligence above the average of a certain percentage while the possibility of government is only for the geniuses that is those most intelligent than the average in a remarkable way. Let’s say 10 and 50% respectively. It would therefore be a question of a selective democracy, which does not neglect emotional intelligence and the ability to introspect.

Jacobsen: What metaphysics makes some sense to you, even the most workable sense to you?

Hiroshi: Like the magic square of the SATOR, every metaphysical phenomenon is just a physical phenomenon not yet explained, it’s just a matter of time. It is up to our sensitivity and our attitude to decide whether Sator refers to a Catholic vision in which the divine is manifested (Ego Sum Alpha et Omega, in the deciphered reading of the sator), an unofficial translation, more than anything else hypothetical, as “Sator Abrepo, Opera tenet rotas” ie the sower disappears, his work continues by itself, or a simple symmetrical matrix.
As I said, I lived first as a humanist, so the fact that only now is seeing the symmetrical matrix makes me think a lot. Nothing proves what the true interpretation is, but nothing proves that reality is univocal.

Anyway, what I see with my own eyes is that will is the most beautiful metaphysics I want to believe in. In emotions, there is the force behind the movement. It seems to me the most relevant thing. Physics has the role of explaining the inexplicable, whether it is photoelectric effect or abracadabra for us, this should not be limiting. After all, today’s photoelectric effect was yesterday’s abracadabra.

Jacobsen: What worldview-encompassing philosophical system makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Hiroshi: To date, no suitable philosophical thought has been produced and it is for this reason that society is still involved. If philosophers were a little more careful about the logical processes to be adopted, rather than forging ideas about discontent, they might have more value to me.

Jacobsen: What provides meaning in life for you?

Hiroshi: There are two things that give my life meaning. The first, certainly the most important of all for me, is to be recognized as myself. The second thing is trivial: to seek an explanation for existence, as the ancient Greek philosophers did. To do this, you have to break the barriers of your intellect, which is anything but easy, and that is why it is my goal to follow logical processes that are not linear, but transcendent (in the mathematical sense of the term).

Jacobsen: Is meaning externally derived, internally generated, both, or something else?

Hiroshi: There is no internal or external, because we are not a closed system with adiabatic processes.

Jacobsen: Do you believe in an afterlife? If so, why, and what form? If not, why not?

Hiroshi: Just recently I wanted to talk to a refrigerator, I believe that electromagnetic fields and consciousness are closely related and I also believe that there is not much difference between our cognitive processes and the computation of a quantum computer, so I made myself the idea that there is an explanation to all the philosophical, religious and literary legacy left by our ancestors. The recurring forms and myths are perhaps a starting point for science. When I go to sleep in the evening, I always think that when I die I will be an electromagnetic wave discharged to the ground in many small fragments or that has the possibility of traveling in the vacuum of the universe for a very long time. If I can put forward a hope I would like to believe that there is no reincarnation, nor death in the epicurean sense, but that it is a phase transformation, in which I will finally be able to explore the universe and be part of it in another form, as long as I am conscious. I hate this sense of helplessness, I would like to know more.

Jacobsen: What do you make of the mystery and transience of life?

Hiroshi: I would like Einstein to be right when he says that God does not play dice, but the problem is that he does, at least as far as Bell’s inequality proves. But in one of my very fanciful ideas there is perhaps another explanation. After my master’s studies, if this idea will withstand the elements of knowledge, I will try to deepen and why not: maybe demonstrate.

Jacobsen: What is love to you?

Hiroshi: When Plato talks about divided souls he didn’t go very far. The person I love is my opposite, so opposite as to be complementary, he is certainly smarter than me, but also more stupid (in the nice sense of the term). He is involved in biology and manages not only to understand what I think, but to feed new thoughts. Probably, since when I think of us the left hand on the violin string and the right hand holding the bow comes to mind, probably love is nothing more than the music produced.

Original Italian

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: When you were growing up, what were some of the prominent family stories being told over time?

Murasaki Hiroshi[1],[2]*: La mia famiglia ora è lontana. Quando eravamo vicini passavamo molto tempo insieme. Sono stato educato con durezza e severità da mia madre verso cui sono molto debitore. Non è la mia vera madre biologica, ma ne ha esercitato le veci. Mi ha insegnato valori molto importanti a cui sono molto legato. Le storie che mi raccontava erano di vita vera, non favole. Giocavamo spesso insieme, anche ai videogiochi. Le storie che mi raccontava, molto spesso, erano visioni del futuro. Abbiamo scritto una storia insieme, una specie di libro, a cui sono molto affezionato. 

Jacobsen: Have these stories helped provide a sense of an extended self or a sense of the family legacy?

Hiroshi: Tutto ciò che mi è stato insegnato da mia madre per me è come tatuato sulla pelle. Mi ha aiutato a sviluppare un senso personale di me stesso in modo molto forte. Ho imparato il valore della costanza, dell’impegno, del portare a termine le cose e di mettere tutto me stesso in ogni cosa che faccio. Di svolgere i miei compiti bene, o almeno provarci. Mi ha insegnato l’orgoglio verso me stesso e le persone che meritano il rispetto. Mi ha insegnato il valore della forza, della volontà. 

Senza i suoi insegnamenti difficilmente sarei la persona che sono: ho un fortissimo amore per l’identità che sono riuscito a costruire, detesto promettere cose che non posso mantenere, detesto lasciare cose incompiute. Soprattutto, detesto non ottenere gli obiettivi che mi sono prefissato, per me è imperdonabile. So di essere molto rigido ma mi piaccio così. La mia famiglia ha avuto molti difetti, ma per me sono preziosissimi più dei pregi perché mi hanno reso orgoglioso sia di me che di loro. 

Jacobsen: What was the family background, e.g., geography, culture, language, and religion or lack thereof?

Hiroshi: La mia famiglia è molto eterogenea, comprende diversi paesi, diverse culture, diverse lingue e diverse religioni. Io stesso parto con tre lingue madrelingua. È difficile se non impossibile identificare un unico background di riferimento, anche se l’ideale comune è lo stesso. Forse un difetto che accomuna molti è l’orgoglio eccessivo, che considero una cosa poco utile. Un pregio è il senso di unità e la forte percezione del concetto di rispetto, unità e considerazione scientifica delle cose. 

Jacobsen: How was the experience with peers and schoolmates as a child and an adolescent?

Hiroshi: Sono sempre stato quello strano, diverso. Il secchione, per intenderci, quando ero più piccolo. Nell’adolescenza ho dovuto fare i conti con un forte senso di aggressività che mi ha allontanato dagli altri. Quando ero al liceo, mi piaceva andare a seguire i corsi universitari. Ho sempre fatto le cose con un tempismo a dir poco assurdo, nel senso negativo del termine. Non sono mai andato d’accordo con i miei coetanei perché ho sempre amato l’indipendenza e il lavoro. Non ho mai chiesto i soldi ai miei e ho sempre guadagnato da solo con dei lavoretti. Ho sempre avuto forti inclinazioni aziendali, legate all’ambizione, anche da adolescente: mi piaceva formare gruppi e fare progetti creativi, che puntassero sempre a risolvere un problema e guadagnare dei soldi. 

Jacobsen: What have been some professional certifications, qualifications, and trainings earned by you?

Hiroshi: La mia vita professionale si divide in due grandi fasi. Quella del lavoro in azienda come sviluppatore e comunicatore e quella da artista. Quindi ho varie certificazioni per studi e corsi che ho fatto come quelli di Adobe, quelli di Magento o di WordPress, una sfilza di certificazioni per corsi sulla gestione aziendale, ho anche una laurea in lingue che ho preso quando ero più giovane. Adesso sto prendendo la laurea in fisica. Ultimamente ho deciso di cancellare il mio background professionale e di focalizzarmi sulla fisica e sull’arte, possibilmente insieme. 

Ho lavorato così tanto, che adesso voglio solo far cose che mi piacciono. Per questo sto attualmente studiando social media, come essere freelance artista nel settore scientifico e come fare un buon lavoro di branding su me stesso. Le certificazioni sul quoziente intellettivo, però, non le ho prese perché mi servissero professionalmente. Le ho prese per risolvere un problema di insicurezza con l’università e perché speravo di ottenere un aiuto economico per poter studiare. Da studente lavoratore può essere molto frustrante non poter dedicare tutto il tempo possibile allo studio, che è la mia più grande passione. 

Allora ho inventato un lavoro dove il mio compito fosse studiare.

Jacobsen: What is the purpose of intelligence tests to you?

Hiroshi: I test di intelligenza forniscono un motore emotivo non indifferente, possono dare una risposta ad alcune domande, quando non ci si sente all’altezza di qualcosa o non accettati. La prima volta che ho fatto il test è stato per una risposta emotiva. All’università di fisica, un docente mi ha detto che non ero abbastanza intelligente per frequentare la facoltà, ho fatto il test per avere una controprova, una dimostrazione che lui si sbagliasse.
All’epoca non potevo permettermi di pagare le tasse e in verità, lo ammetto, volevo essere coccolato per la mia intelligenza. Penso sia corretto prendersi cura anche di persone molto intelligenti, anziché costringerle ad abbassarsi al livello degli altri, annoiandosi a morte. Per me, in una certa misura, il test superato con punteggio alto era anche un obbligo morale verso me stesso, non potevo dire di non essere abbastanza intelligente per fare qualcosa, se era mio dovere farla sicuramente avrei potuto portarla a termine, il test mi obbligava, ma mi permetteva anche di validarmi costantemente, di apprendere e quindi di diventare più intelligente di volta in volta: un meccanismo a feedback positivo di apprendimento.

Jacobsen: When was high intelligence discovered for you?

Hiroshi: Quando ero giovane mi sentivo più intelligente di tutti gli altri: programmavo, riparavo computer, studiavo, avevo un lavoro, nella mia testa era ovvio che fossi agli altri superiore e spesso li guardavo anche con sufficienza. 

Quando sono entrato nel vivo di questa questione e nel vivo dei miei studi, mi sono reso conto che c’era davvero qualcosa che non andava.
La prima associazione che ho conosciuto era per il 130-140, era il 2016, già studiavo fisica. Ero entrato per dimostrare a me stesso che ero abbastanza per frequentare la facoltà di fisica, nonostante fosse un’associazione per alti quozienti intellettivi, non li percepivo come persone a me superiori intellettualmente, mentre all’università mi sentivo comunque uguale a tutti quelli che frequentavano il corso di laurea, anzi, mi sentivo anche da meno rispetto a loro, molto più bravi di me sicuramente sulla parte applicativa. 

Certo, il problema poteva essere il retroterra, io avevo già una laurea in lettere, mentre molti di loro venivano dallo scientifico e avevano una forma mentis più adattata alle scienze e al loro modo di ragionare.


Successivamente, con il progredire degli anni scolastici, ho totalmente perso interesse verso il QI. Ad oggi, il mio QI è certificato a 164, e questo certificato non mi è servito a nulla, se non a indisporre le persone quando ne parlavo apparendo superbo. Io valuto le cose per la loro funzionalità. Il Qi certificato mi fa sentire diverso, attaccabile. Poi, in questo momento mi sento tutto tranne che sicuro delle mie capacità intellettuali. Se penso ai limiti della mia realtà e provo a ragionare come se fossi fuori dal sistema fisico di cui faccio parte, mi va in fumo la testa.
Mi sento limitato dalla attuale matematica, che come linguaggio da noi interpretato, sembra avere i nostri stessi limiti. Di fronte a quello che vedo, a quello che studio, mi sento piccolo. Quindi in verità la scoperta dell’intelligenza superiore è solo un’illusione, l’intelligenza è un fattore complesso, formato da uno spettro di capacità non intercambiabili e alienabili nel tempo. 

Jacobsen: When you think of the ways in which the geniuses of the past have either been mocked, vilified, and condemned if not killed, or praised, flattered, platformed, and revered, what seems like the reason for the extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses? Many alive today seem camera shy – many, not all.

Hiroshi: Perché gli esseri umani non tollerano soluzioni a loro incomprensibili, il genio non è facilmente comprensibile e viene deriso, come l’Albatro di Baudelaire. L’essere umano deride ciò che non capisce, pensando che umiliare qualcosa faccia sparire il senso di inadeguatezza che prova, o il ridicolo di cui si copre. Per quanto riguarda l’essere timidi o meno di fronte a una telecamera, ogni persona è diversa e ogni categoria raccoglie infinite sfumature. La parola genio è un insieme dai contorni indefiniti e dalle proprietà poco chiare.

Jacobsen: Who seem like the greatest geniuses in history to you?

Hiroshi: Direi Dirac. Dopo Einstein, Noether, Godel e Heisenberg c’è Dirac, che è quello a cui mi sento più affine. Quello che ha distinto Dirac più di ogni altra cosa è la bellezza della matematica, e l’idea che la Fisica teorica si possa basare interamente sulla matematica non come strumento, ma come linguaggio capace di offrire accesso diretto ai meccanismi dell’universo. Dimostrò che è possibile, aprendo le porte a un nuovo modo di fare Fisica.
Dirac aveva una visione tutta sua del mondo esplicitata nell’affermazione “se la scienza è il tentativo di dire in parole comprensibili da tutti cose che prima la gente non conosceva, la poesia è il suo contrario, cioè la tendenza a parlare di cose risapute con parole oscure” . A me piace la poesia, ma Dirac ha ragione. Ci vuole meno opinionismo, più chiarezza e meno interpretazioni personali della natura. Il metodo scientifico ha bisogno di mostrare a tutti la sua bellezza ed eleganza. Quello che è il significato di bello in matematica, però, andrebbe approfondito. 

Jacobsen: What differentiates a genius from a profoundly intelligent person?

Hiroshi: Il genio sa mettere in comunicazione entrambi gli emisferi, sa come muoversi nella multidisciplinarietà, si sa autoalimentare e cercare le cose anche nei luoghi più impensabili. Una persona intelligente cerca nella propria razionalità e in sé le risposte. Il genio sa cercare le risposte fuori. La verità è che noi siamo un database non troppo ben programmato di ciò che vediamo. Inoltre, il genio capisce che la differenza tra realtà e fantasia è marcato solo dal duro lavoro, in fondo, genio viene da ingegno, non da intelletto.

Jacobsen: Is profound intelligence necessary for genius?

Hiroshi: No, l’intelligenza si sviluppa nel tempo, può essere allenata, la genialità è una forma mentis. Ha sicuramente basi genetiche, ma non bastano. Inoltre, avere capacità intellettuali alte non significa nulla: l’attitudine gioca un ruolo fondamentale.

Jacobsen: What have been some work experiences and jobs held by you?

Hiroshi: Ho fatto veramente tanti lavori nella mia vita, perché avevo bisogno di trovare la mia strada. Anche il mio percorso di studi è stato strano, ma in qualche modo tutto è riuscito a convergere in un unico punto. 

Ero un comunicatore, con capacità avanzate di sviluppo web e grafica.
Ho lavorato per importanti società sportive della serie A (calcio), ho lavorato per il dipartimento Aerospaziale e per aziende sempre legate all’aerospazio, ho fatto lavori per delle università e sono stato direttore tecnico di una tv nazionale orientata ai ragazzi dai 16 ai 25 anni. 

Tutte queste esperienze mi hanno portato alla consapevolezza di voler tornare giovane e sognare la mia carriera nella fisica teorica. Ora posso guardare gli studi di fisica con gli occhi di una persona più matura, più ricca di esperienze.

Al momento studio fisica a tempo pieno e il mio principale lavoro è fare l’illustratore scientifico e il comunicatore. Da poco, sto preparando un percorso da V-Tuber scientifico. Io amo la scienza e voglio mostrare la sua bellezza a quante più persone possibili, senza mai farla apparire noiosa. 

Jacobsen: Why pursue this particular job path?

Hiroshi: Ho dovuto costruire la mia stabilità economica giorno dopo giorno cogliendo davvero tutte le opportunità possibili. Ho sempre offerto servizi di comunicazione e sviluppo, ma sono partito dal basso. Ho sempre affiancato al mio lavoro da freelancer qualche progetto personale che fosse seriamente legato ai miei interessi personali.

Da quando mi sono iscritto alla seconda università per studiare fisica, ho dovuto fare i conti con il poco tempo, quindi ho iniziato via via a eliminare progetti personali e ridurre il numero dei clienti. Oggi non faccio più comunicazione per nessuno che non sia legato al settore scientifico / universitario. Lavoro principalmente come Illustratore scientifico, ma faccio anche cose più versatili, se il team di lavoro è gradevole e mi sono trovato bene.

Ho cominciato da poco, ma ho già ottenuto lavori per università molto importanti (nella top 10 nel 2020), finalmente posso dire di aver trovato la mia strada.


Non ha senso lavorare in un settore che non si ama alla follia: si diventa cinici e annoiati. Io studio per diventare un ricercatore in Fisica Teorica, ma lavoro ogni giorno per divulgare ai più giovani, offrire formazione gratuita, spiegare la scienza attraverso l’arte e il manga. Perché dopotutto sono un nerd che ci crede troppo.

Jacobsen: What are some of the more important aspects of the idea of the gifted and geniuses? Those myths that pervade the cultures of the world. What are those myths? What truths dispel them?

Hiroshi: Sono sempre cresciuto circondato da persone che mi ammiravano semplicemente perché sapevo fare tante cose e secondo loro bene, la verità è che ero curioso e iperattivo, ma ogni cosa che ho imparato l’ho imparata con sforzo: so disegnare e questo mi ha richiesto almeno dieci anni di studio, so parlare tante lingue, ma ho cominciato da piccolo e praticamente non ho mai smesso (l’anno scorso avevo pensato di trasferirmi in Danimarca e ho completato con successo il corso basico di lingua danese), oggi non vivo in Danimarca e ho dimenticato quasi tutto quello che avevo imparato, mentre nell’idea comune del genio lui impara subito senza sforzo e ricorda per sempre, cosa che non è assolutamente vera. 

Quindi il succo è che la necessità crea la virtù, impariamo le cose che ci servono e probabilmente il genio è colui che ha fatto dell’imparare il suo mestiere e che ha capito che gli serve imparare dell’altro per allenare il suo talento, proprio come uno sportivo continua ad allenarsi sempre di più per superare i propri limiti, la verità è che io un giorno ho deciso di voler diventare un genio e quindi ho iniziato a fare cose da geni, anche se non ho mai creduto nella genialità come fanno le persone comuni. 

Ho recitato la parte, ma non ho mai dimenticato il lavoro dietro le quinte, un po’ come farebbe un prestigiatore. Credo che le persone debbano innanzitutto capire che l’intelligenza (parte tecnica) e la genialità (attitudine e stato mentale) sono cose che si costruiscono e non è mai tardi per farlo. 

Io ho iniziato a costruirlo circa a 25 anni (molto tardi), e i risultati sono arrivati molto in fretta. Forse essere un genio è più vicino ad essere un influencer che a un filosofo, ispirare gli altri facendo ciò che si ama.
Non importa quanto siano grandi i numeri. 

Per esempio, quando mi sono iscritto all’università non avevo assolutamente idea di come fosse organizzata la fisica moderna, sapevo solo che ero interessato ai viaggi nel tempo, quindi ho letto di Einstein, di Dirac, di qualche altro nome famoso. Ho iniziato a suonare il violino a 27 anni perché Einstein lo suonava. Oggi Einstein non mi piace più come prima, ma il violino fa parte della mia vita.

Ho letto le biografie e ho cercato di leggere gli stessi libri, come nel caso di Einstein e Dirac, che hanno il pensiero più particolare possibile: ho scoperto che la base logica dei loro studi è stata realizzata attraverso la lettura della logica deduttiva di Mill. Ho comprato il libro e ho iniziato a leggerlo non appena me ne sono reso conto.

Cosa significa questo? Se vuoi essere uno sportivo devi pensare come uno sportivo, il talento è la conseguenza del fare qualcosa con passione immergendosi in quel modo di essere, che si impara a poco a poco. Quando dicono ‘volere è potere’ e che il duro lavoro da risultati è vero. Non si nasce geni, ma solo molto fortunati perché l’environment ti ha già messo in quella mentalità fin da piccolo. Se non sei stato fortunato puoi rimediare da solo.

Jacobsen: Any thoughts on the God concept or gods idea and philosophy, theology, and religion?

Hiroshi: Non credo in una figura divina come immaginata dalle grandi religioni monoteiste e la figura di una divinità disegnata in questo modo non è che uno strumento politico più che spirituale.

Il mio primo percorso universitario fu storia, culture e religioni.

Studiando fisica è difficile non credere proprio a nulla, ma credo che questo discorso meriti uno spazio a parte. Ciò che posso dire è che più studio più sento di essere piccolo. Più mi sento piccolo, più voglio crescere. Per me il concetto di Dio è questo senso di movimento. A volte ho immaginato l’esistenza del divino, in un luogo in cui lo ringrazio per aver creato qualcosa di così bello come l’universo. La verità è che prima di occuparci dei grandi quesiti della filosofia, dobbiamo avere armi migliori. 

Jacobsen: How much does science play into the worldview for you?

Hiroshi: La scienza è il fondamento di ogni singolo evento che avviene nel mondo. In biologia si dice che nulla ha senso se non alla luce dell’evoluzione, la fisica arriva ad un livello ancora più viscerale, così viscerale da lasciarti senza parole. Io amo la scienza più di ogni altra cosa: da ex umanista dico che la bellezza della fisica è qualcosa che può comunicare all’anima meglio di come farebbe una terzina di Dante.

Ciò che mi muove, ogni giorno, è la scienza. Voglio assolutamente conoscerla meglio, giorno dopo giorno. Non riesco a immaginare un mondo in cui la fisica non fa parte della mia esistenza. 

Jacobsen: What have been some of the tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations) for you?

Hiroshi: Ho fatto un Test Mensa, test Fiqure con 164 (SD15), Test ENST20 di cui non ricordo il punteggio, ma sempre tra 158 e 165. Tutte le deviazioni sono sd15. Volevo poi concentrarmi sull’ottenere una certificazione da 170+ perché nella mia visione del mondo del QI non è vero che sei 160 resti 160. Alzando la soglia aerobica del cervello il QI può salire, proprio come accade in palestra. 

Purtroppo però il fatto che dovessi lavorare molto e che quando ho chiesto una scholarship per potermi focalizzare sugli studi, fosse più importante lo stato di povertà rispetto alle mie capacità intellettuali mi ha gettato in una profonda crisi, non solo: parlare del proprio QI ti mette in una situazione compromessa, le persone ti dicono che vuoi metterti al di sopra degli altri, che certificare l’intelligenza è una stupidaggine e quindi ho smesso di preoccuparmi di provare altri test più elevati perché non riuscivo a vedere alcun vantaggio raggiungibile. Allo stato attuale voglio riuscire a farmi ammettere in un’università del calibro di Cambridge (in realtà vorrei proprio Cambridge), da quello che ho capito contano molto di più i progetti nel portfolio, piuttosto che un esagerato QI. Quindi nonostante la mia ambizione mi abbia fatto pensare di voler provare la GIGA dopo la 4G alla fine ho perso la ragione dietro lo scopo. Alla fine, intelligenti o meno, abbiamo sempre bisogno di una comunità di cui sentirci parte e da cui sentirci protetti, con cui condividere scopi e visioni.

Jacobsen: What is the range of the scores for you? The scores earned on alternative intelligence tests tend to produce a wide smattering of data points rather than clusters, typically.

Hiroshi:  Generalmente 162 o 164, non ricordo con precisione. Una volta c’è stato un 151, così come un 172. Mi piace pensare 164, perché la mia ragazza ha fatto un 166 e mi piace dire che abbia qualche punto in più rispetto a me, perché lo trovo divertente e anche molto stimolante. 

Jacobsen: What ethical philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Hiroshi: Ho scritto il mio personale Sentiero Etico nel corso degli ultimi 10 anni, mescolando visioni e filosofie, anche contrastanti tra di loro, dal momento che la società moderna è combinazione lineare di queste filosofie, anche quelle dicotomiche. 

La mia etica mi impone di non perdere tempo in sciocchi pensieri, di lavorare duramente per prendermi ciò che voglio a qualunque costo, essere sincero e mostrare sempre la mia volontà, in ogni occasione. Non mentire e usare la verità come arma, essere sempre fedele a me stesso. 

Rifiutare il pregiudizio in ogni sua forma, restare curioso. Imparare da tutti e offrire sempre qualcosa della propria esperienza da insegnare. Ricercare, sperimentare.
Combattere i propri difetti e migliorarsi, porsi degli obiettivi molto ambiziosi, ogni anno raggiungerne almeno la metà. Lanciare sfide all’improbabilità, per trovarsi in una vita sempre in cambiamento. Improbabile chiama improbabile, quindi occasioni diverse, ogni volta. 

Vivere nel culto della propria visione. La vita è troppo breve per sacrificarci, dobbiamo vivere a pieno per noi stessi. Se non è possibile, si prova l’impossibile.

Jacobsen: What social philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Hiroshi: In questo momento della mia vita sto studiando per la prima volta con interesse le dinamiche sociali e mi sto approcciando all’intelligenza emotiva. Personalmente ho avuto un background particolarmente severo e selvaggio, per cui non apprezzo degli approcci troppo morbidi, ma credo che dipenda dai tipi di persone. La verità è che non mi piace circondarmi di persone rammollite, anche se la mia natura di curioso mi spinge più a voler capire che a giudicare. 

Sono ben lontano dall’aver afferrato la comprensione sociale e cerco di non cadere nella trappola dell’ipocrisia, ma spero tra qualche anno di essere in grado di rispondere a questa domanda. Per ora dico che sono transgender (nato donna, diventato uomo) e quindi le questioni di genere dovrebbero essere il mio punto di riferimento. Probabilmente, però, mi interessa solo discutere delle dimensioni sociali della conoscenza scientifica e di una filosofia che ruoti attorno a questo. Un po’ come accadeva nei primi del novecento.

Jacobsen: What economic philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Hiroshi: Personalmente, credo che il capitalismo sia qualcosa di non sostenibile. Ma la possibilità di non poter accrescere il proprio patrimonio mi spaventa. Se in futuro ci fosse un pagamento in tempo e servizi, non credo sarei felice. Perché sono pigro e perché costruisco possibilità lavorative soprattutto basate su ottimizzazioni.

Jacobsen: What political philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Hiroshi: Odio la democrazia, quando questa non ha senso di esistere. Vivo in un paese dove le persone non sanno di cosa parlano. Il senso civico è al minimo e la situazione è di profonda crisi. Persone che parlano di terra piatta, di complotti, di non volere i vaccini e quant’altro. Queste persone hanno il mio stesso diritto di votare. Questa democrazia, come diceva Platone, non ha senso ed è una forte degenerazione. Ciascuno ha un peso. Uno non vale uno, in questo contesto. 

Ad oggi l’unica filosofia politica a me gradevole è il legalismo cinese, che proviene dal confucianesimo. Da lì la geniocrazia, che vede come suo principio base misurare la cruda intelligenza, dando diritto di voto solo a chi ha un’intelligenza superiore alla media di una certa percentuale, mentre la possibilità di governo è solo per i geni, cioè quelle persone più intelligenti della media in modo notevole. Diciamo 10 e 50% rispettivamente. Si tratterebbe quindi di una democrazia selettiva, che non trascura l’intelligenza emotiva e le capacità di introspettività.

Jacobsen: What metaphysics makes some sense to you, even the most workable sense to you?

Hiroshi: Come il quadrato magico del SATOR, ogni fenomeno metafisico è solo un fenomeno fisico non ancora spiegato, è solo questione di tempo. Sta alla nostra sensibilità e alla nostra attitudine decidere se Sator si riferisce a una visione cattolica in cui si manifesta il divino (Ego Sum Alpha et Omega, nella lettura decifrata del sator), una traduzione non ufficiale, più che altro ipotetica, come “Sator Abrepo, Opera tenet rotas” cioè il seminatore si dilegua, la sua opera continua da sé, o una semplice matrice simmetrica.
Io, come ho detto, ho vissuto prima da umanista, quindi il fatto che solo ora veda la matrice simmetrica mi fa riflettere molto. Nulla dimostra quale sia la vera interpretazione, ma nulla dimostra che la realtà sia univoca. 

A ogni modo, quello che vedo con i miei occhi è che la volontà è la più bella metafisica in cui voglio credere. Nelle emozioni c’è la forza dietro il movimento. Mi sembra la cosa più rilevante. La fisica ha il ruolo di spiegare l’inspiegabile, che sia effetto fotoelettrico o abracadabra per noi questo non deve essere limitante. Dopotutto, l’effetto fotoelettrico di oggi era l’abracadabra di ieri.

Jacobsen: What worldview-encompassing philosophical system makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Hiroshi: Ad oggi non è stato prodotto un pensiero filosofico adatto ed è per questo motivo che la società è ancora involuta. Se i filosofi fossero un po’ più attenti ai processi logici da adottare, anziché forgiare idee sul malcontento, magari avrebbero più valore per me. 

Jacobsen: What provides meaning in life for you?

Hiroshi: Ci sono due cose che danno senso alla mia vita. La prima, sicuramente la più importante di tutte per me, è essere riconosciuto come me stesso. La seconda cosa è banale: cercare una spiegazione all’esistenza, come facevano gli antichi filosofi greci. Per fare questo bisogna rompere le barriere del proprio intelletto, cosa tutt’altro che facile, ed è per questo che è mio obbiettivo seguire processi logici non lineari, ma trascendenti (nel senso matematico del termine).

Jacobsen: Is meaning externally derived, internally generated, both, or something else?

Hiroshi: Non esiste un interno o un esterno, perché non siamo un sistema chiuso con processi adiabatici. 

Jacobsen: Do you believe in an afterlife? If so, why, and what form? If not, why not?

Hiroshi: Proprio in questi ultimi tempi volevo parlare con un frigorifero, credo che campi elettromagnetici e coscienza siano strettamente legati e credo, inoltre, che non ci sia molta differenza tra i nostri processi cognitivi e la computazione di un computer quantistico, quindi mi sono fatto l’idea che c’è una spiegazione a tutta l’eredità filosofica religiosa e letteraria lasciata dai nostri avi. Le forme ricorrenti e i miti sono forse un punto di partenza per la scienza. Quando la sera vado a dormire, penso sempre che quando morirò sarò un’onda elettromagnetica scaricata a terra in tanti piccoli frammenti o che ha la possibilità di viaggiare nel vuoto dell’universo per un tempo molto lungo. Se posso avanzare una speranza mi piacerebbe credere che non esista la reincarnazione, né la morte nel senso epicureo, ma che sia una trasformazione di fase, in cui finalmente potrò esplorare l’universo e farne parte in un’altra forma, purché cosciente. Detesto questo senso di impotenza, vorrei sapere di più.

Jacobsen: What do you make of the mystery and transience of life?

Hiroshi: Mi piacerebbe che Einstein avesse ragione quando dice che Dio non gioca a dadi, ma il problema è che lo fa, almeno a quanto dimostra la disuguaglianza di Bell, però in una delle mie idee molto fantasiose forse c’è un’altra spiegazione. Dopo i miei studi magistrali, se quest’idea resisterà alle intemperie della conoscenza, cercherò di approfondire e perché no: magari dimostrare.

Jacobsen: What is love to you? 

Hiroshi: Quando Platone parla delle anime divise non era andato molto lontano. La persona che amo è il mio opposto, così opposto da essere complementare, è sicuramente più intelligente di me, ma anche più stupida (nel senso simpatico del termine). Si occupa di biologia e riesce non solo a capire ciò che penso, ma nutrire nuovi pensieri. Probabilmente siccome quando penso a noi mi viene in mente la mano sinistra sulla corda di violino e la destra che tiene l’archetto, probabilmente l’amore non è altro che la musica prodotta.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, ISI-Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hiroshi; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Hiroshi Murasaki on Family, Intelligence, Genius, Philosophy, and Love: Member, ISI-Society [Online]. March 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hiroshi.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, March 1). Conversation with Hiroshi Murasaki on Family, Intelligence, Genius, Philosophy, and Love: Member, ISI-Society. Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hiroshi.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Hiroshi Murasaki on Family, Intelligence, Genius, Philosophy, and Love: Member, ISI-Society. In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hiroshi>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Hiroshi Murasaki on Family, Intelligence, Genius, Philosophy, and Love: Member, ISI-Society.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hiroshi.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Hiroshi Murasaki on Family, Intelligence, Genius, Philosophy, and Love: Member, ISI-Society.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (March 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hiroshi.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Hiroshi Murasaki on Family, Intelligence, Genius, Philosophy, and Love: Member, ISI-Society’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hiroshi>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Hiroshi Murasaki on Family, Intelligence, Genius, Philosophy, and Love: Member, ISI-Society’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hiroshi.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Hiroshi Murasaki on Family, Intelligence, Genius, Philosophy, and Love: Member, ISI-Society.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): March. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hiroshi>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Hiroshi Murasaki on Family, Intelligence, Genius, Philosophy, and Love: Member, ISI-Society [Internet]. (2021, March 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hiroshi.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Free of Charge 7 – “Amsterdam Declaration” (2002), Indigeneity and Humanism, and Beyond Western-Dominant Humanism

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.E, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 3,623

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Dr. Herb Silverman is the Founder of the Secular Coalition for America, the Founder of the Secular Humanists of the Lowcountry, and the Founder of the Atheist/Humanist Alliance student group at the College of Charleston. He authored Complex variables (1975), Candidate Without a Prayer: An Autobiography of a Jewish Atheist in the Bible Belt (2012) and An Atheist Stranger in a Strange Religious Land: Selected Writings from the Bible Belt (2017). He co-authored The Fundamentals of Extremism: The Christian Right in America (2003) with Kimberley Blaker and Edward S. Buckner, Complex Variables with Applications (2007) with Saminathan Ponnusamy, and Short Reflections on Secularism (2019), Short Reflections on American Secularism’s History and Philosophy (2020), and Short Reflections on Age and Youth (2020). He discusses: Amsterdam Declaration 2002 and possibly “Amsterdam Declaration 2022”; points preliminarily brought forward for the new declaration; things to add to the potential new declaration; human intelligence and non-human intelligence rights; the environment; non-Western traditions of Humanism for formal inclusion; Indigeneity and Humanism; Amsterdam Declaration 2002; and the ultimate fate of religious ethics.

Keywords: Amsterdam Declaration, Herb Silverman, Free of Charge, freethought, Humanism, Indigeneity, Western.

Free of Charge 7 – “Amsterdam Declaration” (2002), Indigeneity and Humanism, and Beyond Western-Dominant Humanism

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: The philosophy of Humanism[1] does not dictate to its adherents, as in a top-down dogma requiring thou shalts and thou shalt nots on some firm, transcendentalist basis. The supernatural only gets invoked as a negation of it. Even with the organizations and the statements, these amount to individuated communities and documents with individual choice as the ultimate arbiter. It took about 50 years for an advancement of the Amsterdam Declaration 1952 into the Amsterdam Declaration 2002.[2] There has been a call by the team at Humanists International for an advancement into a third edition of the Amsterdam declarations in particular. This may move forward, or has moved forward, for requests on proper ways in which to add updated concerns to the proposed third edition of the Amsterdam Declaration.  The most recent version from 2002 (Humanists International) has been translated into 35 languages.[3] If an updated version proceeds in 2022, then this will be the 70th anniversary of the foundation of the organization, Humanists International, formerly the International Humanist and Ethical Union, and the third version of the Amsterdam declarations. Some of the conversations ranged around sport or physical activity, non-human intelligence, the environment, and non-Western sources within the humanist tradition. Fundamentally, what is the difference in a philosophical stance representing evolutionary changes even to ethical founding documents compared to others declaring foundational texts as complete and comprehensive for all time with nothing ever capable of edit, as in Quranic theological orientations – can’t edit it – akin to the necessity of acceptance of the resurrection of Christ in Christianity? In short, what makes foundational evolution of an empirically informed ethic better than an unchanging asserted morality in centuries-old texts?

Dr. Herb Silverman[4],[5]*: Evolution made it possible for us to become Homo sapiens (humans), though my DNA shows that I am 3% Neanderthal. Charles Darwin felt that a difference between Homo sapiens and other animals is our moral sense. He said that our enhanced ability to cooperate may be the most significant distinction between us and our closest evolutionary relatives. Such cooperation, along with concern for others and a sense of fairness, may be the basis of morality in humans. Since evolution works so slowly, I don’t think we can relate evolution to how moral behavior differs in humans today, often based more on philosophical or theological differences.

You ask why our empirically informed ethic today is better than an unchanging, asserted morality in centuries-old texts. Science is empirical and thrives on disagreement and on a willingness to question assumptions critically, while we search for evidence until a consensus is reached. Centuries-old texts, often called “holy” books, were written by scientifically ignorant men. Their ideas of ethics included discriminating against gays, not allowing women to have responsible positions, punishing blasphemers and heretics, and advocating for holy wars. Tying our principles to unchanging, dogmatic religious text makes no sense. Morality, to us, involves using available evidence to help decide what actions might be for the greater good of humanity. We base our ethics on what we learn from human experience, which includes the efforts of thoughtful people throughout history who have worked toward achieving their ideals. We also know that some of our values might change as our knowledge and understanding advances.

Jacobsen: For those points brought forward, “sport or physical activity, non-human intelligence, the environment, and non-Western sources within the humanist tradition,” what seems like the relevance of each to the potential next edition of the declaration?

Silverman: I’ll address your question of “sport or physical activity” here. The other parts (non-human intelligence, the environment, non-Western sources) are asked about in your other questions, so I will answer those later.

Regarding sport or physical activity, I think we should encourage people to remain active for as long as they can. Playing sports, preferably non-contact, can be fun and help us keep a sound mind and body. At 78, I no longer play sports, but I exercise a lot. I walk a few miles every day with my wife, Sharon. We also lift weights or swim several times a week. What I don’t like to see are so many people who only watch others play sports. When a professional player on their favorite team hits a home run or scores a goal, they congratulate each other, as if they themselves deserve credit for it. Being active in sports (and in life) is beneficial; being passive is not.

Jacobsen: Would you add anything else for consideration to such a new Amsterdam declaration?

Silverman: I would add more suggestions on how humanists and others can improve their quality of life. In addition to physical activity, we could mention the importance of having a good diet (perhaps vegetarian), getting enough sleep, reducing stress (perhaps through yoga, meditation, or other relaxation techniques), and having a sense of humor with lots of laughter.

Jacobsen: What is the core of human intelligence? What seem like the prospects for non-human intelligence and the possibility for rights (and responsibilities) applied to non-human operators? Prominent humanists, e.g., Isaac Asimov, posited science fiction ideas of positronic brains, and the like, exploring ideas like these well before the current crop of humanists.[6] These likely have been stewing since that time, potentially even more so in the Computer Age.

Silverman: Human intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. Intelligence has evolved in animals, perhaps many times. We must not forget that non-human animals can also be intelligent. Thinking about other intelligent animals causes some humans emotional distress because they may eat these animals or use them for neurobiology research.

When it comes to robots, perhaps one day they may be designed to have consciousness, and we will deal then with those implications. Isaac Asimov wrote science fiction stories about robots with a positron brain that functions as a central processing unit and, in some unspecified way, provides these robots with a form of consciousness recognizable to humans. I loved Asimov, who was president of the American Humanist Association from 1985 until his death in 1992. But keep in mind that his wonderful scientific fiction robot stories were still fiction. I hope one day we will have conscious robots, but I don’t expect to see that come to pass in my lifetime.

Jacobsen: What makes the environment a core necessity as this time, especially with the ongoing climate crisis temporarily overshadowed by the coronavirus pandemic?

Silverman: I think even now that the ongoing climate crisis should not be overshadowed by the coronavirus pandemic. The pandemic will pass, but the climate crisis might never pass, only get worse. The scientific consensus at the moment seems to be that we need scientific breakthroughs and global cooperation to avoid a catastrophic rise in temperatures and climate disaster.

Jacobsen: Something which I consider important is the inclusion of non-Western, even Indigenous, proposals into the humanist canon formally. For example, the definition provided about indigeneity by the United Nations in “Indigenous Peoples at the United Nations” states:

Indigenous peoples are inheritors and practitioners of unique cultures and ways of relating to people and the environment. They have retained social, cultural, economic and political characteristics that are distinct from those of the dominant societies in which they live. Despite their cultural differences, indigenous peoples from around the world share common problems related to the protection of their rights as distinct peoples.

Indigenous peoples have sought recognition of their identities, way of life and their right to traditional lands, territories and natural resources for years, yet throughout history, their rights have always been violated. Indigenous peoples today, are arguably among the most disadvantaged and vulnerable groups of people in the world. The international community now recognizes that special measures are required to protect their rights and maintain their distinct cultures and way of life. Find below a short history of the indigenous struggle in the international stage.[7]

This is a good start for humanists, possibly. I have been given permission by the Aboriginal Committee, as a member (non-Aboriginal) of the committee for Humanist Canada, to submit a point of reflection via a letter to the representatives of Humanists International.[8] As far as I know, this was a first, which was sent in March of 2020. Different regions and cultures have different flavours of Humanism and distinct difficulties against religious fundamentalism and state totalitarianism. How can proposals, such as these, provide neither a negative view on Western-based Humanism nor a rejection of the current mostly Western-based Humanism, but an expansive global Humanism inclusive of the tastes, sights, sounds, flavours, and unique manifestations of Humanism seen around the world? Those more rounded perspectives can provide a better vision of Humanism and, in turn, a more complete and comprehensive envisioning of Humanism vis-à-vis a more comprehensive and complete imagining of human nature and potentialities.

Silverman: We tend to focus on Western culture and assume that other cultures should behave more like us. Perhaps sometimes they should, and sometimes they shouldn’t. We need to learn more about these cultures and watch how they interact with others, including with us.

One of my most memorable experiences was being a Visiting Mathematics Professor for a semester in 1987 at the University of Papua New Guinea in Port Moresby. My colleagues there treated me very well. Over eight hundred languages are spoken in Papua New Guinea, reflecting the isolation of its many tribes. Not only were most students at UPNG the first in their families to go to college, they were the first to leave their village tribes. Part of our mission was to persuade students not to continue their ongoing tribal disputes at the university, avoiding the “payback” system in PNG. A tribal member at the university explained to me how the payback system worked. If a member from Tribe A killed a member from Tribe B, a designated member from Tribe B could legally kill any member from Tribe A. If he killed more than one member, “payback” would again kick in. Fortunately, the university was a payback-free zone.

In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Australian explorers discovered the highlands of PNG, home to roughly one million people who had never before encountered Europeans. In a video I saw of this “first contact,” one PNG woman said they thought white people were gods, but changed their minds after having sex with them. Women in PNG were treated unbelievably poorly. Village men typically resided in a house, while women and pigs (yes, pigs!) lived together in a shack behind the house. Both women and pigs were sold or used for barter, the woman/pig ratio depending on the quality of both the women and the pigs. (This, of course, does not apply to men and women at the university.)

The country was teeming with missionaries of all kinds. Most tried to improve the lives of the inhabitants, usually accompanied by attempts at religious conversion. I hope missionaries now have become more humanistic than when I was there. At the time, I asked one priest why he deplored the practice of bare-breasted women, but said nothing about wife beating, which was legal there. He told me they couldn’t change everything that was wrong in the country, and bare breasts were a good place to start. Shortly thereafter, the university held a beauty pageant with five participants, four of whom were bare breasted. When I saw that the primary judge was this same missionary, I confidently predicted the winner to my colleagues. After the breast-covered woman won, my colleagues showed an undeserved respect for my powers of judging beauty.

Jacobsen: The second Amsterdam declaration (2002) or the Amsterdam Declaration 2002 posited a number of core values.[9] Its foci are ethics, rationality, ethical, “democracy and human rights,” “that personal liberty must be combined with social responsibility,” a response to the widespread demand for an alternative to dogmatic religion,” “values artistic creativity and imagination and recognises the transforming power of art,” and “a lifestance aiming at the maximum possible fulfilment.”[10] Non-dogmatic principles for being in the world. These are so in line with cosmopolitan global values and positive scientific uses more than almost any other philosophical system known to me. As our ethics advance more and more, how do the more faith-based ethics appear in comparison year-by-year?

Silverman: Assuming faith-based ethics is not an oxymoron, I think more and more people are adopting our improving humanist ethics. This is especially true of younger people, most of whom no longer believe that homosexuality is a sin, willingly accept transgender people, think men and women should be treated equally, and agree that no law should prohibit abortion under all circumstances.

Jacobsen: What is the ultimate fate of religious ethics?

Silverman: Probably there will always be people who follow what they consider to be religious ethics. I hope most of those people will have a religion that allows them the flexibility to follow their own conscience, without being restricted to following everything in a book that was written thousands of years before. I have no problem with nontheistic religions, all of which seem to be humanistic.

Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, Dr. Silverman.

Silverman: Thank you.

References

American Humanist Association. (2021). Definition of Humanism. Retrieved from https://americanhumanist.org/what-is-humanism/definition-of-humanism/

Grudin, R. (2020, October 22). Humanism. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/humanism

Humanist Canada. (2021). What is Humanism?. Retrieved from https://www.humanistcanada.ca/about/humanism/

Humanists International. (1952). Amsterdam Declaration 1952. Retrieved from https://humanists.international/policy/amsterdam-declaration-1952/

Humanists International. (2002). Amsterdam Declaration 2002. Retrieved from https://humanists.international/policy/amsterdam-declaration-2002/

Humanists International. (2021). What is humanism?. Retrieved from https://humanists.international/what-is-humanism/

Humanists UK. (2021). Humanism. Retrieved from https://humanism.org.uk/humanism/

Memory Alpha. (2021). Positronic Brain. Retrieved from https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Positronic_brain

United Nations. (n.d.). Indigenous Peoples at the United Nations. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/about-us.html

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Grudin (2020), Humanist Canada (2021), Humanists UK (2021), American Humanist Association (2021), and Humanists International (2021).

[2] Humanists International (2002) and Humanists International (1952).

[3] Humanists International (2002).

[4] Founder, Secular Coalition for America; Founder, Secular Humanists of the Low Country; Founder, Atheist/Humanist Alliance, College of Charleston.

[5] Individual Publication Date: March 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-7; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

[6] Memory Alpha (2021).

[7] United Nations (n.d.).

[8] The letter in full as follows:

I send as an independent proposal and through filtration of the Aboriginal Committee of Humanist Canada. In other words, I send this based on prior correspondence alongside feedback caveats from the Aboriginal Committee of Humanist Canada, of which I am a part, in addition to personal justifications and qualifications before too. This amounts to the formalized presentation, numerically ordered (not by importance), of the caveats from Humanist Canada’s Aboriginal Committee and myself. The document below entitled “Indigenous and Tribal Peoples’ Formal Recognition in the Global Humanist Movement” implies global democratic Humanism before comprehensive consultation with the international Humanist indigenous and tribal peoples diaspora should:

  1. not speak for indigenous or tribal peoples in general;
  2. not speak for indigenous or tribal peoples who are humanist;
  3. not take this draft statement as a declaration, resolution, or policy;
  4. take this as a statement of reflection and consideration for the global democratic body of Humanism to seriously consider endorsing established international documents like the UNDRIP; and
  5. further serious reflection on the inclusion and furtherance of consultation and dialogue with humanist groups around the world in bringing in feedback from and having consultation with the humanist indigenous and tribal people diaspora in the “over 70 countries” and beyond?

I drafted the below alone – taking full responsibility for negative and positive implications of its presentation to Humanists International – with feedback (with minor alterations) from the Aboriginal Committee of Humanist Canada:

Indigenous and Tribal Peoples’ Formal Recognition in the Global Humanist Movement

Indigenous and tribal peoples continue to muster and garner deserved recognition in international institutional and rights documents, including the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) from September of 2007 and the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 169(Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention) from 1989, and, by the nature of Humanism, deserve formal recognition in the global democratic Humanist movement too.

Global democratic Humanism marches forward in its greater moves towards a true representation of the vibrant fabric of the human species with more nations, peoples, and flavours of Humanist communities accepted into the international community in a formal manner in spite of the short period ebbs and flows of theocracy and secularity, authoritarianism and democracy, xenophobia and inclusivity, superstition and science, and, indeed, supernaturalism and naturalism. An oft-neglected sector of the international community comes from minorities within minorities. One such sector of the global humanist movement emerges in the context of indigenous and tribal peoples throughout the world. More than 370 million indigenous and tribal people exist in over 70 countries in the world based on estimations of the International Labour Organization (ILO). Those indigenous and tribal peoples recognized in international rights documents including the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in September 2007, and the ILO Convention 169 (Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989). Together considered the highest standards and singularly comprehensive international instruments available to the indigenous and tribal peoples throughout the world in the defence of their most basic human rights, in particular, with the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the oldest and most general. When Humanism enters into the practical applications of daily living and ordinary recognition in a global democratic movement and capacity, Humanists International performs a fundamental role in this regard, especially as its evolution incorporates previously unheard voices and unseen faces. For the full flourishing of the global Humanist movement, indigenous and tribal peoples throughout the world who adhere to the principles of Humanism deserve recognition and support at the international level. This instantiates the first formal effort as such, in the tradition of global democratic Humanism.

We recognise: 

  • the Preamble stipulations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) on “the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women,” “a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations,” and with special emphasis on Article 1 stating “all human beings are born free and equal,” Article 2 stating “everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms… without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status… [or] on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs,” Article 7, Article 15, Article 18, Article 20, Article 22, and Article 28;
  • the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 169or Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (1989) subjective and objective criteria for the inclusion as indigenous peoples or tribal peoples within an international context in Article 1, and with special emphasis on Article 2, Article 3, Article 5(a) and 5(b), Article 6(1)(a), Article 7(1), Article 27(1) and 27(2), Article 28, Article 29, Article 31, Article 34, Article 35, and Article 36;
  • the Amsterdam Declaration (2002) affirms the “worth, dignity and autonomy of the individual,” “human rights can be applied to many human relationships and are not restricted to methods of government,” “Humanism is undogmatic, imposing no creed upon its adherents,” and “Humanism is a lifestance aiming at the maximum possible fulfilment… [and] can be a way of life for everyone everywhere.” 
  • the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples(2007) in full.

We support:

  • the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948);
  • the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 169 or Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (1989);
  • the Amsterdam Declaration (2002); and
  • the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007).  

Suggested academic reference

‘Indigenous and Tribal Peoples’ Formal Recognition in the Global Humanist Movement‘, Humanists International, General Assembly, Miami, United States, 2020

The Reconciliation with indigenous peoples (2000-11) for Australia represented a generic and national, not international, statement.

[9] “Amsterdam Declaration 2002” states:

  • Humanism is ethical. It affirms the worth, dignity and autonomy of the individual and the right of every human being to the greatest possible freedom compatible with the rights of others. Humanists have a duty of care to all of humanity including future generations. Humanists believe that morality is an intrinsic part of human nature based on understanding and a concern for others, needing no external sanction.
  • Humanism is rational. It seeks to use science creatively, not destructively. Humanists believe that the solutions to the world’s problems lie in human thought and action rather than divine intervention. Humanism advocates the application of the methods of science and free inquiry to the problems of human welfare. But Humanists also believe that the application of science and technology must be tempered by human values. Science gives us the means but human values must propose the ends.
  • Humanism supports democracy and human rights. Humanism aims at the fullest possible development of every human being. It holds that democracy and human development are matters of right. The principles of democracy and human rights can be applied to many human relationships and are not restricted to methods of government.
  • Humanism insists that personal liberty must be combined with social responsibility. Humanism ventures to build a world on the idea of the free person responsible to society, and recognises our dependence on and responsibility for the natural world. Humanism is undogmatic, imposing no creed upon its adherents. It is thus committed to education free from indoctrination.
  • Humanism is a response to the widespread demand for an alternative to dogmatic religion. The world’s major religions claim to be based on revelations fixed for all time, and many seek to impose their world-views on all of humanity. Humanism recognises that reliable knowledge of the world and ourselves arises through a continuing process. of observation, evaluation and revision.
  • Humanism values artistic creativity and imagination and recognises the transforming power of art. Humanism affirms the importance of literature, music, and the visual and performing arts for personal development and fulfilment.
  • Humanism is a lifestance aiming at the maximum possible fulfilment through the cultivation of ethical and creative living and offers an ethical and rational means of addressing the challenges of our times. Humanism can be a way of life for everyone everywhere.

Humanists International (2002).

[10] Ibid.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Free of Charge 7 – “Amsterdam Declaration” (2002), Indigeneity and Humanism, and Beyond Western-Dominant Humanism [Online]. March 2021; 26(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-7.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, March 1). Free of Charge 7 – “Amsterdam Declaration” (2002), Indigeneity and Humanism, and Beyond Western-Dominant Humanism. Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-7.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Free of Charge 7 – “Amsterdam Declaration” (2002), Indigeneity and Humanism, and Beyond Western-Dominant Humanism. In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.E, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-7>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Free of Charge 7 – “Amsterdam Declaration” (2002), Indigeneity and Humanism, and Beyond Western-Dominant Humanism.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.E. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-7.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Free of Charge 7 – “Amsterdam Declaration” (2002), Indigeneity and Humanism, and Beyond Western-Dominant Humanism.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.E (March 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-7.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Free of Charge 7 – “Amsterdam Declaration” (2002), Indigeneity and Humanism, and Beyond Western-Dominant Humanism’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.E. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-7>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Free of Charge 7 – “Amsterdam Declaration” (2002), Indigeneity and Humanism, and Beyond Western-Dominant Humanism’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.E., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-7.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Free of Charge 7 – “Amsterdam Declaration” (2002), Indigeneity and Humanism, and Beyond Western-Dominant Humanism.” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.E (2021): March. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-7>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Free of Charge 7 – “Amsterdam Declaration” (2002), Indigeneity and Humanism, and Beyond Western-Dominant Humanism [Internet]. (2021, March 26(E). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/free-of-charge-7.

License and Copyright

License

In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at www.in-sightjournal.com.

Copyright

© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-2021. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen, and In-Sight Publishing and In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.

Conversation with Daniel Hilton on Family, Intelligence, Genius, and Philosophy: Member, Glia Society (1)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 3,499

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

Daniel Hilton is a Member of the Glia Society. He discusses: growing up; a sense of an extended self; the family background; the experience with peers and schoolmates; some professional certifications; the purpose of intelligence tests; high intelligence discovered; the extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses; the greatest geniuses in history; a genius from a profoundly intelligent person; profound intelligence necessary for genius; work experiences and jobs; particular job path; the gifted and geniuses; God; science; the tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations); the range of the scores; ethical philosophy; social philosophy; economic philosophy; political philosophy; metaphysics; philosophical system; meaning in life; meaning externally derived, internally generated; an afterlife; the mystery and transience of life; and love.

Keywords: Daniel Hilton, family, Glia Society, intelligence, IQ, genius, Mensa International.

Conversation with Daniel Hilton on Family, Intelligence, Genius, and Philosophy: Member, Glia Society (1)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

*Interview completed December 17, 2020.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: When you were growing up, what were some of the prominent family stories being told over time?

Daniel Hilton[1],[2]*: That is not really how our family worked, we had many good outings and holidays, but I feel we lived in the moment rather than spending time looking back.

Jacobsen: Have these stories helped provide a sense of an extended self or a sense of the family legacy?

Hilton: As above, we were more focused on the here and now.

Jacobsen: What was the family background, e.g., geography, culture, language, and religion or lack thereof?

Hilton: Unless I am mistaken, I am of Anglo-Irish heritage, I grew up mainly in the North of England and Yorkshire is home, we are an English-speaking household, I am British and for my part I am an atheist.

Jacobsen: How was the experience with peers and schoolmates as a child and an adolescent?

Hilton: I very much enjoyed school, though high school age comes with many trials for most, I was no different. I enjoyed learning the subjects I was naturally quite good at, Mathematics, Science, History and Geography for example. On reflection I was less committed in subjects that fell outside my sphere of interest, though I doubt I am alone in that. I certainly should have worked harder at school; I met some talented individuals who were blessed with intelligence and commitment. I remained in the same school throughout my Senior years, this brought a sense of familiarity and community, it was a large school, so there were always like-minded peers amongst the many students there. I was fortunate to have a group of friends outside school, mostly from other schools that was important to me during the latter part of my adolescence, these friends were the ones I really connected with as I lived close to them and we grew up together.

Jacobsen: What have been some professional certifications, qualifications, and trainings, earned by you?

Hilton: UK education, GCSEs and A Levels and a Mathematics Degree from Birmingham University, PGCE qualifications in Mathematics and Research in Education. I occasionally take courses with the Open University at Master’s level, but I have no real interest in completing a full Master’s degree as the bulk of the courses do not interest me. The things I want to know are readily available online and I can find clear explanations of what it is I wish to understand without expending the time, effort or money needed to secure official certification. Indeed, this for me demonstrates the key difference between intelligence and cleverness. If you take a textbook, someone clever who has studied it would be able to explain the material to you, whereas someone profoundly intelligent is quietly confident that if, and when, they read it, they will readily understand it.

Jacobsen: What is the purpose of intelligence tests to you?

Hilton: I enjoy the questions, when I have spare time I like to think about a puzzle, after mulling a problem over a deeper level of thinking emerges in my mind, and occasionally insight forms and a solution presents itself, other times there is no end product, but it is a depth of thinking and focus that rarely takes place in normal life and it has a deeply cathartic effect on my state of mind. Most high-range IQ tests are untimed so you can spend many hours thinking about a problem before having an insight, if that ever comes to pass.

Jacobsen: When was high intelligence discovered for you?

Hilton: I was 27 when I took the Mensa test, I had recently entered the teaching profession and was working at a Grammar school with many bright students and staff. I felt right at home in that environment. It was a gradual realisation that I was able to quickly understand anything that was presented to me without repetition, regardless of context or complexity. As a teacher you see, and of course guide, the learning process up close and the hard work the vast majority of students put in becomes evident. It dawned on me that I had needed to work as hard as those I was teaching and I began to wonder why? I have since developed a more focused attitude to learning and more importantly understanding.

Jacobsen: When you think of the ways in which the geniuses of the past have either been mocked, vilified, and condemned if not killed, or praised, flattered, platformed, and revered, what seems like the reason for the extreme reactions to and treatment of geniuses? Many alive today seem camera shy – many, not all.

Hilton: For me this is just statistics in action, in any field, group, skill, or whatever you choose to investigate, there will be those who perform to the upper end of the scale, let us assume we are using a normal curve and left to right is a trait becoming more positive. Human beings are fundamentally competitive, so those on the extreme left of the scale in any measure will be looked down up by the majority, pitied, vilified, criminalised (depending on the context). Conversely, those at the extreme right of the scale will be envied by the bulk of the population, this can manifest itself as respect, support, hatred, exclusion, the response really depends on how that individual/culture views that particular trait and how tolerant they are of it expressing itself differently and strongly.

We are each on a near infinite array of these normal distributions representing every attribute of human existence, for most traits we are in the central region and thus fit in relatively anonymously with the wider population. But for those traits where we are too far to the left or right of the distribution, those traits will likely shape our lives. For the most positive traits we have, if we follow the path of least resistance and remain grounded, they should help make our life comfortable and by extension the lives of those around us. In some instances, the reach of the sphere of influence of an individual is much larger than normal, few humans are equipped to deal with this and they risk imploding under the spotlight, some do carry it off, those with high levels of intelligence are no different in this regard. Most highly intelligent people, I would argue, retreat into self-imposed exile and comfortable obscurity.

Jacobsen: Who seem like the greatest geniuses in history to you?

Hilton: They will likely have had little input into history, but to their own folk and/or communities they will have helped herald in good times. Forced to choose a brilliant mind from the past I would have to say William James Sidis stands out for me, if even a small portion of what is written about him is true, then he would have been a fascinating person to meet.

Jacobsen: What differentiates a genius from a profoundly intelligent person?

Hilton: For me there is no difference, their impact upon mainstream consciousness seems to define how they are remembered, of course the majority of people in any field will be footnotes to history. Looking at IQ societies, you could make arguments that up to 1% of the population are geniuses, but that does not mean they are solely responsible for the betterment of humankind, nor that not being in the top 1% is a restriction to greatness. A combination of good levels of intelligence, a conducive environment and luck seem to be what is required to become a “genius”. In the end you could argue genius means whatever people want it to mean, it is used with a degree of elasticity that renders the word meaningless in most contexts.

Jacobsen: Is profound intelligence necessary for genius?

Hilton: They are two sides of the same coin when referring to genius level intelligence. It seems however the modern usage of the word is more flexible and is applied to anyone with any exceptionally developed skills. Take the great footballers, in that context it is not genius level IQ that is being commented on, though that is not to say they may not possess said high IQ, rather exceptional levels of skill are being acknowledged. Messi or Ronaldo offer a useful analogy to genius level thinking, they have the capacity to play at a level well beyond their peers, with the results easy to see, with genius level intelligence it is harder to see, but the same difference in capacity is there, though it is rarely met by the cheering of thousands of fans.

Jacobsen: What have been some work experiences and jobs held by you?

Hilton: I am a teacher and school leader and have been for some 20 years now, no other job, of the few I tried before teaching, brought a similar level of enjoyment or satisfaction. Teachers are exceptional human beings and provide the clearest evidence that not all superheroes wear capes.

Jacobsen: Why pursue this particular job path?

Hilton: The path of least resistance led me here, this path is not the lazy concept it sounds like from the outside, life steers you and guides you toward your talents, you must pay attention and follow the subtle advice the universe prompts you with.

Jacobsen: What are some of the more important aspects of the idea of the gifted and geniuses? Those myths that pervade the cultures of the world. What are those myths? What truths dispel them?

Hilton:  That a genius is some kind of celebrity and must make a huge difference to humanity. That gifted people will find school/life easy and always excel. That extremely high intelligence is desirable, when it in fact comes with many painful downsides, I would argue there is a sweet spot for intelligence where success in life, by most measures is assured, Doctors, Engineers and top professionals are often in this range, with IQs beyond that things become hit and miss, the ‘gifts’ may still lead to success, but there are lots of folk in that highest region who retreat into obscurity, take work well below their capacity, and have to deal with the side effects of understanding things easily.

If you picture life like an unseen road ahead, a person like a car, the mind like an engine, having a profoundly high IQ is like introducing high-octane fuel, when things run well life is good and progress easy, but the higher speeds attainable can make the car harder to control when you hit unexpected bumps in the road, crashes are more likely to be serious and the engine can be blown by the high-octane fuel at any moment. High intelligence without emotional stability and a supportive environment, preferably with some like-minded peers, for many would be a living curse.

Jacobsen: Any thoughts on the God concept or gods idea and philosophy, theology, and religion?

Hilton: No, these offer me no interest whatsoever.

Jacobsen: How much does science play into the worldview for you?

Hilton: Science is the route to understanding, but we have discovered things place restrictions on what we can know, when I first learned of Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem, it shook the foundations of Mathematics for me, that I could spend my life trying to prove something that is in fact true a Mathematical fact, but one that is impossible to prove to be true within the Mathematics we use, this heavy blow was quickly followed by the crunching uppercut of Tarski’s undefinability problem, in particular where applied to semantics, there are other examples such as that of Church’s demonstration that Hilbert’s Entscheidungsproblem cannot be solved, or Turing’s demonstration that there is no algorithm that can solve the halting problem. These bolts across what was a fervent belief in Science in my youth have made me conclude that not all answers can be extracted by Science and some must be divined by human thought.

Science sees ever deeper and I am a great believer in this, yet I do not believe it is the ultimate answer to everything, that said most things will eventually fall to Science’s blade. I see little progress in it explaining me to me, that is a task left for me to decipher, in this case I mean my individual human consciousness, in the end Science may help us understand everything except our individual self, and by extension the individual self of others, though we may believe we know how all others (as a group) will behave on the average from our studies of Psychology, but that is converting raw data into grouped data, thus the individual is lost. I see progress toward medicines tailored to individual DNA, and the use of big data to garner meta-level insights, if humanity is waking up to the idea of understanding the individual and by extension all individuals in their own right, then perhaps a new golden age of Science is just around the corner, that would be a first step toward helping the individuals understand themselves, thus lessening the need to take anything on faith, which to me is always folly.

Jacobsen: What have been some of the tests taken and scores earned (with standard deviations) for you?

Hilton: In the last few years, the following 3 stand out.

Spectra IQ 174 sd 15

MultDiv IQ 172 sd 15

Narcissus’ Last Stand IQ 171 sd 15

These were the scores awarded at the time of marking, these can be adjusted up or down over time if the test has not yet had a final norming.

However, my natural inclination to share highest scores perhaps demonstrates the unreliability of testing at the high range, my most common score is 164 (though interestingly my average varies by test setter to some degree).

Jacobsen: What is the range of the scores for you? The scores earned on alternative intelligence tests tend to produce a wide smattering of data points rather than clusters, typically?

Hilton: I have taken many tests over the last 20 years. Thinking in terms of sd 15, these have been between 155 and 175, the most common score is 164 on tests that go to that level and beyond to levels I am unable to access. My favourite test was Paul Cooijman’s Narcissus’ Last Stand for which my score of 40 is currently the highest. I have enjoyed many of the tests by James Dorsey, my favourite test of his was the Spectra test, which returned an IQ 174 at the time, and is to date the only perfect score I have ever achieved, it is unlikely to happen again, this score completed my full set of Opals at the Opal Quest Group. I took the test for Mensa UK in 2002 and joined Mensa International once I moved overseas. Unsurprisingly I most enjoyed the tests I scored highly on, but that was true before I knew the results, as I made a connection with these tests, luck must have played a part as they played to my own personal strengths in IQ testing. This is why it is useful to take many tests, to learn where your strengths and weaknesses lie, you are more likely to get a true general intelligence score if you view your average across a variety of tests, with varying question styles and different authors.

Jacobsen: What ethical philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Hilton: What are ethics but the observations of what is right by the majority? They are not absolute truths; you only have to look to History for evidence. In a developed culture ethics seem to be viewed as the truth, the right and true opinion of the majority, with extremes of behaviour diverging from these viewed as unethical. Ethics therefore are an inevitable consequence of society, though societies develop and as such so do ethics. For me a philosophy where the boundaries of ethics are tested with reasoned debate would seem the ideal, where skilled speakers advocate for pushing the boundaries of ethics, others supporting the norm. We are a long way from this as views outside the norm are vilified immediately, for me this is actually a sign western culture is in decline, where intelligent debate is replaced with cancel culture. This does not justify the breaking of ethical norms, only allows platform for debate. After all, have all shifts in ethical belief lead to negative outcomes for humans? I doubt it, yet challenging ethical beliefs comes with huge risks, why must this be so?

Jacobsen: What social philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Hilton: Again, what is society, is it the same the world over? Surely no, so this again has no answer and leads differing groups into conflict. If everyone worked for the betterment of their sphere of influence, whilst taking reasonable steps to avoid disadvantaging those beyond, instead of offering a set of values as a social philosophy, this eventually, would allow individuals to take different value positions within different groups. This is of course is a lofty goal, but the idea of degrees of separation means that your sphere of influence is much smaller than your meta-sphere of influence. It could be argued that the greatest advantages humans have are intelligence and competitiveness, it could conversely be argued these traits are the most likely to lead to our ultimate downfall. If humans can set aside the need to compete, I suspect our long-term chances would increase dramatically.

Jacobsen: What economic philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Hilton: I would give a similar response as the above, a philosophy that maximises inclusion.

Jacobsen: What political philosophy makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Hilton: I would give a similar response as the above, a philosophy that maximises inclusion.

Jacobsen: What worldvew-encompassing philosophical system makes some sense, even the most workable sense to you?

Hilton: My own, though it is not so grand as to be a worldview-encompassing philosophical system. What I believe is likely covered by other philosophies, but is assimilated from life experience, indeed I have not read much philosophy, I find I am unable to draw satisfactory conclusions to non-empirical matters by following the thinking of others, so I have to think about it myself. That is not to say I am not taken with ideas when I hear them, I was drawn to stoicism when I first read about it, but while it felt homely for a while, it did not capture me, it was a comfortable cloak at that time in my life. I feel the same about much philosophy, if one is a devout and permanent adherent to one way of thinking, I fear one may be missing the point of life, to grow, develop, change, morph, all philosophies I have heard seem like clay to me, they can be made to fit with my worldview, but they are no longer the same shape, no-one has ever written anything philosophical that I can fully agree with, I hope that is true for everyone, as that would imply philosophy and metaphysics are absolute truths which they are not, for if they were they would be Science, they are evolutions of the views and opinions of either a majority, or more commonly, a significant, in some way, minority.

Jacobsen: What provides meaning in life for you?

Hilton: Looking to the future, my 5 sons and more children if we are blessed, their journey through time and that of those who will follow provides deep meaning for me. To the present my wife, I owe her more than she will ever appreciate and together we have made a good life. Looking to the past, all of those friends, family and loved ones who enriched my life and tolerated my eccentricates with good grace, one in particular who was taken from us much too early through ill-health, much to the detriment of us all. Life has meaning for me because these people will exist, currently exist, or existed in the past.

Jacobsen: To set the stage for the further conversation, what comprises intelligence in the abstract?

Hilton: I think this is literally the human capacity to create ideas, ponder questions and improve systems. As a species we seem to excel at this kind of thinking and our capacity to make connections, see patterns and associate things have led us on an incredible journey.

Jacobsen: What are the mainstream and fringe theories of human intelligence on offer over time?

Hilton: Human intelligence is not evolving quickly enough for us to adapt to the technological world we are creating. We need to look at psychometric, cognitive, cognitive-contextual, and biological theories to better understand intelligence in terms of the species and more interestingly from my perspective the individual, big data should be looking to this, rather than recommending I buy a particular brand of trainers as I happen to be near a store that sells them, having predicted I may like them from my previous purchasing history.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, Glia Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hilton-1; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Daniel Hilton on Family, Intelligence, Genius, and Philosophy: Member, Glia Society (1) [Online]. March 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hilton-1.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, March 1). Conversation with Daniel Hilton on Family, Intelligence, Genius, and Philosophy: Member, Glia Society (1). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hilton-1.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Daniel Hilton on Family, Intelligence, Genius, and Philosophy: Member, Glia Society (1). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hilton-1>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Daniel Hilton on Family, Intelligence, Genius, and Philosophy: Member, Glia Society (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hilton-1.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Daniel Hilton on Family, Intelligence, Genius, and Philosophy: Member, Glia Society (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (March 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hilton-1.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Daniel Hilton on Family, Intelligence, Genius, and Philosophy: Member, Glia Society (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hilton-1>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Daniel Hilton on Family, Intelligence, Genius, and Philosophy: Member, Glia Society (1)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hilton-1.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Daniel Hilton on Family, Intelligence, Genius, and Philosophy: Member, Glia Society (1).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): March. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hilton-1>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Daniel Hilton on Family, Intelligence, Genius, and Philosophy: Member, Glia Society (1)[Internet]. (2021, March 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/hilton-1.

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Conversation with Dong Geon Lee on The Right Life, Religion, Science, and Agnosticism Bordering on Atheism: Member, CIVIQ Society (2)

Interviewer: Scott Douglas Jacobsen

Numbering: Issue 26.A, Idea: Outliers & Outsiders (21)

Place of Publication: Langley, British Columbia, Canada

Title: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal

Web Domain: http://www.in-sightjournal.com

Individual Publication Date: March 1, 2021

Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021

Name of Publisher: In-Sight Publishing

Frequency: Three Times Per Year

Words: 1,424

ISSN 2369-6885

Abstract

This is an interview with a youth member of the high-IQ community in South Korea, Dong Geon Lee, who is a Member of CIVIQ Society. He discusses: the right life; the right life being lived as the right life; other people aware of living the right life; religion; rejecting the religion of youth; an atheist; atheism; hostile and jealous; respect; the reaction of parents and the school system; mathematics, physics, and physical theories; Johann Carl Friedrich Gauß; the right moral behaviour; a morally right behaviour; the qualities or characteristics of morally right speech; not harming others in one’s speech; someone born in a house without religion; religion as illogical; parts of religion are good; the believers of the religion; general agnosticism bordering on atheism; the explanation of reality; the forms of “minor bullying”; this deification a form of protection; a relationship between the geometric laws about shapes as ellipses and the expansion of the universe as dark energy; and any limitations to Carl Friedrich Gauß as a mathematician.

Keywords: agnosticism, atheism, Carl Friedrich Gauß, CIVIQ Society, Dong Geon Lee, ethics, morality, physical theories.

Conversation with Dong Geon Lee on The Right Life, Religion, Science, and Agnosticism Bordering on Atheism: Member, CIVIQ Society (2)

*Please see the footnotes, bibliography, and citation style listing after the interview.*

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Why were you told to live “the right life rather than just being nice”? How has this impacted life view and personal journeys?

Dong Geon Lee[1],[2]*: My mother said that she could be beaten to live a good life, and that she would not be ashamed of herself if she lived properly. And it actually happened.

Jacobsen: What is the right life being lived as the right life?

Lee: It is to behave morally and not to harm.

Jacobsen: How are other people aware of living the right life to you?

Lee: Basically, it will be revealed in my actions, but you will find out other things while talking to me.

Jacobsen: As someone from a religious family, what kind of religion? What form of religion? What were the practices of the religion?

Lee: I was born in a house with no religion. There is only religious freedom. (There must be some mistake.)

Jacobsen: Why did you reject the religion of youth?

Lee: It’s illogical, and the religion itself may be good, but the believers of the religion have not seen anything good.

Jacobsen: Why become an atheist rather than another religion or an agnostic?

Lee: It is an atheism that is close to agnosticism. And if there was God, he would have done nothing but creation.

Jacobsen: What makes atheism most appealing and true to you?

Lee: It is because it does not explain everything with the intention of God, but it holds and explains a logical, big system, and does not wish for faith.

Jacobsen: How were they hostile and jealous of you? What were the behaviours of them to you?

Lee: Perhaps the reason is because of my intellectual ability. Also, they inflicted minor bullying on me.

Jacobsen: What were the manifestations of their respect for you?

Lee: They deified me (did not like it), but they protected me from those who rejected me.

Jacobsen: What was the reaction of parents and the school system to writing at age one and reading books at 4 years old?

Lee: They were surprised and proud of me.

Jacobsen: What kinds of mathematics, physics, and physical theories have you been developing over time?

Lee: It’s hard to say, but in geometry, we’ve discovered many laws about shapes that are different from ellipses.  Physics has also created expressions that describe the expansion of the universe as dark energy.

Jacobsen: Why Johann Carl Friedrich Gauß for than others?

Lee: He did everything he could in math.

Jacobsen: What is the right moral behaviour in this context in addition to not harming?

Lee: First of all, you don’t make unconditional concessions to others. And from the mind to the altruistic mind, it is to practice it. No one should be harmed in the process.

Jacobsen: How does one enact a morally right behaviour, even in speech?

Lee: Words have the power to move people. That moving power is used to bring moral thought to others. In other words, it has an indirect influence.

Jacobsen: What are the qualities or characteristics of morally right speech?

Lee: Expressions that do not hurt others, expressions that make others feel good, but should not be different from the facts, expressions that are not exaggerated, unreduced, expressions that do not contain dual meaning, etc.

Jacobsen: How does one not harm others in one’s speech (another form of behaviour)?

Lee: There is no special technique. It’s to rethink what I have to say in my head and check the expression.

Jacobsen: As someone born in a house without religion, how does this compare to the wider nation in terms of religious identification or not?

Lee: I don’t understand.

Jacobsen: Why is religion illogical? Is this more based on argument or evidence for the premises, e.g., scientific evidence informing argument, or both?

Lee: Science uses the method of exploration to explore. And if there is a problem in the process, make corrections repeatedly. Religion, however, is limited to the worldview created by someone, and if there is a problem, it is hidden or consistent with the will of God.

Jacobsen: What parts of religion are good?

Lee: It teaches people to live in profit.

Jacobsen: Why have “the believers of the religion… not seen anything good”?

Lee: Religious people created the concept of hell (Jesus did not mention hell), used to wage war because of religion, and now in my country, also Covid 19 is widespread because of religion.

Jacobsen: I will relate one similar sentiment to yours, “It is an atheism that is close to agnosticism. And if there was God, he would have done nothing but creation.” The relation is with an exposition by Dr. Heinrich Siemens of the Giga Society and the Mega Society. The part of our conversation went as follows:

Jacobsen: Why live life “without God”? What defines God in this sense of “without” or “a-,” in reference to “-theism” as in “a-theism” for you – in a pragmatic sense of life without God rather than a formal implied ontological stance of the concept “God”?

Siemens: Some people need someone to take their hand and show them how to align their lives with respect to a higher being. I don’t.

Jacobsen: What constituted the trajectory of the “careful consideration”?

Siemens: When I still attended church, I often felt obliged to give witness to my faith, for example at school. However, I noticed more and more how insincere this was, when scientific explanations contradicted those of the believers. I believed one, gave witness to the other, and did not feel good about it. So, I stopped witnessing the other. Let us suppose that our universe, space and time, arose from an initial singularity. Did God exist before because he is eternal? The idea that anything, even God, existed before the origin of time seems contradictory to me. If God came into existence later, when the laws of nature already applied, he must have had a cause, as nothing comes from nothing (Parmenides). But this contradicts the concept of God as taught by Christianity. So, God himself must be the prima causa, an unmoved mover (Aristotle). Okay, if someone is happy with this, he should call the initial singularity God. But this is a wheel that does not move anything.

Jacobsen: What were the ‘final nails’ – proverbial, so-called – to this careful consideration? Why “maybe because of Ockham’s razor”? How big was the beard to begin with for you?

Siemens: The final nail was even literally a beard. The Baptizers have different ideas about what the lower half of a man’s face should look like. The Amish, for example, let the beard grow (because God lets it grow), but they shave the moustache. Well, actually God lets it grow too, but for some obscure reason that is something completely different. I grew up in a congregation where men had to shave. The theological argument was derived from the fact that it is written: “Verily I say unto you, Except ye be converted, and become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven.” Little children do not wear beards, quod erat demonstrandum. When I stopped shaving, I got in big trouble with the church leadership. So, I grabbed Ockham’s Razor. However, instead of shaving my beard, I shaved my faith.

Does this more precisely reflect the general agnosticism bordering on atheism for you?

Lee: Aye!

Jacobsen: Why is the “logical, big system” without the “wish for faith” important in the explanation of reality to you?

Lee: When some begin to believe too much in their wish to believe it, like the framing effect, causes many to believe it, and the reality is distorted and becomes like the novel 1984.

Jacobsen: What were the forms of “minor bullying” inflicted on you?

Lee: I told myself important facts or spread bad rumors about me to other children.

Jacobsen: How was this deification a form of protection against those who rejected you?

Lee: They thought I was the smartest person in the world. So when other people are attacking me, I think it’s an insult to the children who deify me. And they attack them.

Jacobsen: Is there a relationship between the geometric laws about shapes as ellipses and the expansion of the universe as dark energy?

Lee: There is no relation between the two. I just studied each topic separately because it was fun.

Jacobsen: Were there any limitations to Carl Friedrich Gauß as a mathematician?

Lee: There are no limitations other than failing to solve Fermat’s last theorem.

Appendix I: Footnotes

[1] Member, CIVIQ Society.

[2] Individual Publication Date: March 1, 2021: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/lee-2; Full Issue Publication Date: May 1, 2021: https://in-sightjournal.com/insight-issues/.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.

Appendix II: Citation Style Listing

American Medical Association (AMA): Jacobsen S. Conversation with Dong Geon Lee on The Right Life, Religion, Science, and Agnosticism Bordering on Atheism: Member, CIVIQ Society (2) [Online]. March 2021; 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/lee-2.

American Psychological Association (APA, 6th Edition, 2010): Jacobsen, S.D. (2021, March 1). Conversation with Dong Geon Lee on The Right Life, Religion, Science, and Agnosticism Bordering on Atheism: Member, CIVIQ Society (2). Retrieved from http://www.in-sightjournal.com/lee-2.

Brazilian National Standards (ABNT): JACOBSEN, S. Conversation with Dong Geon Lee on The Right Life, Religion, Science, and Agnosticism Bordering on Atheism: Member, CIVIQ Society (2). In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A, March. 2021. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/lee-2>.

Chicago/Turabian, Author-Date (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott. 2021. Conversation with Dong Geon Lee on The Right Life, Religion, Science, and Agnosticism Bordering on Atheism: Member, CIVIQ Society (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A. http://www.in-sightjournal.com/lee-2.

Chicago/Turabian, Humanities (16th Edition): Jacobsen, Scott “Conversation with Dong Geon Lee on The Right Life, Religion, Science, and Agnosticism Bordering on Atheism: Member, CIVIQ Society (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. 26.A (March 2021). http://www.in-sightjournal.com/lee-2.

Harvard: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Dong Geon Lee on The Right Life, Religion, Science, and Agnosticism Bordering on Atheism: Member, CIVIQ Society (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A. Available from: <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/lee-2>.

Harvard, Australian: Jacobsen, S. 2021, ‘Conversation with Dong Geon Lee on The Right Life, Religion, Science, and Agnosticism Bordering on Atheism: Member, CIVIQ Society (2)’In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, vol. 26.A., http://www.in-sightjournal.com/lee-2.

Modern Language Association (MLA, 7th Edition, 2009): Scott D. Jacobsen. “Conversation with Dong Geon Lee on The Right Life, Religion, Science, and Agnosticism Bordering on Atheism: Member, CIVIQ Society (2).” In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal 26.A (2021): March. 2021. Web. <http://www.in-sightjournal.com/lee-2>.

Vancouver/ICMJE: Jacobsen S. Conversation with Dong Geon Lee on The Right Life, Religion, Science, and Agnosticism Bordering on Atheism: Member, CIVIQ Society (2)[Internet]. (2021, March 26(A). Available from: http://www.in-sightjournal.com/lee-2.

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