Paragraph 165(c) of the Beijing Declaration
Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen
Publication (Outlet/Website): The Good Men Project
Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2020/11/18
Strategic objective F.1.
Promote women’s economic rights and independence, including access to employment, appropriate working conditions and control over economic resources
Actions to be taken
165. By Governments:
c. Eliminate discriminatory practices by employers and take appropriate measures in consideration of women’s reproductive role and functions, such as the denial of employment and dismissal due to pregnancy or breast-feeding, or requiring proof of contraceptive use, and take effective measures to ensure that pregnant women, women on maternity leave or women re-entering the labour market after childbearing are not discriminated against;
Beijing Declaration (1995)
Paragraph 165(c) of the Beijing Declaration deals primarily with the subject matter of worker’s economic rights, or women’s, and the specific areas of conditions of work and control over finances.
A woman can work for a living. A woman can have the finances as much as she wishes. However, if the woman does not have equal access to the opportunities leading to financial success, and if lacking control over monies earned, then the woman will be poorer.
In that, the control over one’s financial life is, in some direct sense, control over one’s life. Because the point of access to choices in all other domains of life emerge in the economic arena. Those areas of life dealing with the express utility in societies.
Money means the utility or the use of parts of the society, whether outings for food, clothing, heating, education, and the like. All of these imply, more or less, the same foundation. Where, economic resources become resources of freedom.
The focus here is on the level of governments and then the emphasis on the elimination of the discrimination in work. Those are stipulated, at the outset, as “eliminate discriminatory practices by employers and take appropriate measures in consideration of women’s reproductive role and functions.”
Here, they speak to the fact of woman as mothers more often than not. In fact, those facets of being of which males cannot be, except in more exceptional or extreme circumstances requiring some form of deep medical interventions of the male’s body.
The appropriate measures taken into account here meaning the doing something. Not simply making a dilly-dallying or skirting, or circumlocution, around the issues, it’s making a concerted effort over a significant amount of time to improve the legal lot of women for their economic wellbeing.
Similarly, these will be oriented around “reproductive role and functions,” as noted before. There has been an explicit issue with the provisions in work and compensation when off work due to reproductive facts for women.
In fact, the most outstanding example, known to me, is Iceland in which paternal and maternal leave is available in equal amounts. This permits women and men to take part in the home life while having the careers when they return to professional life.
It is a sense of humanity or the humane in the legislative and work policy world through governmental infrastructure. The Beijing Declaration is a massively important document due to its scope and near global contributor set.
Thus, this can’t be simply a one-off. In fact, it wasn’t, as the Beijing Declaration has had a number of updates every five years. Something like a progress report. The more direct and obvious cases of discrimination have been firings.
This is a thing. It’s an act of removing women from the job due to pregnancy – as simple a form of discrimination as that, as in “dismissal due to pregnancy.” Others based on breast-feeding or the need to provide proof of contraceptive use seem as ridiculous and ridicule worthy as testing the contents of people’s bladders.
It makes little sense to violate the innards of an employee in any of these cases. Indeed, there’s a serious of violation of that which should be the inviolable in these kinds of cases. Nonetheless, it happens.
The core argument is to make arguments, presumably to properly pressure people’s governments, to begin to work on drafting policy and making bills for laws intended to benefit the entirety of the population who may be subject to these violations.
In this, we could create a more equitable or egalitarian world. What I see here, the utilization of the policies at the governmental level to influence the culture and the work environments. These, no doubt, will impact the domestic front because more economically able women are women able to work without the stress of potential dismissal or impediments to their selves.
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(Updated 2020-09-27, only use the updated listing, please) Not all nations, organizations, societies, or individuals accept the proposals of the United Nations; one can find similar statements in other documents, conventions, declarations and so on, with the subsequent statements of equality or women’s rights, and the important days and campaigns devoted to the rights of women and girls too:
Documents
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the Preamble, Article 16, and Article 25(2).
- The Convention Against Discrimination in Education (1960) in Article 1.
- The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) in Article 3, Article 7, and Article 13.
- The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966).
- The Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (1967).
- Some general declarations (not individual Declaration or set of them but announcement) included the UN Decade for Women (1976-1985).
- The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979) and the Optional Protocol (1999).
- The African (Banjul) Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (1981) in Article 2 and Article 18 from the Organization of African Unity.
- The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984).
- The Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and the optional protocol (1993).
- The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (1993).
- The International Conference on Population and Development (1994).
- The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995), the Five-year review of progress (2000), the 10-year review in 2005, the 15-year review in 2010, and the 20-year review in 2015.
- The United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000), and the UN Security Council additional resolutions on women, peace and security: 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009), 1960 (2010), 2106 (2013), 2122 (2013), 2242 (2015), and 2467 (2019).
- The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2000).
- The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa or the “Maputo Protocol” (2003).
- The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence or the Istanbul Convention (2011) Article 38 and Article 39.
- The UN Women’s strategic plan, 2018–2021
Strategic Aims
- The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, emphasis on the entirety of the goals with a strong focus on Goal 5
- The 2015 agenda with 17 new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (169 targets for the end to poverty, combatting inequalities, and so on, by 2030). The SDGs were preceded by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Goal 3 and Goal 5 from 2000 to 2015.
- The Spotlight Initiative as another important piece of work, as a joint venture between the European Union and the United Nations.
Celebratory Days
- February 6, International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation is observed.
- February 11, International Day of Women and Girls in Science is observed.
- June 19, Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in Conflict is observed.
- June 23, is International Widows’ Day is observed.
- August 26, International Women’s Equality Day is observed.
- October 11, International Day of the Girl Child is observed.
- October 15, International Day of Rural Women is observed.
- November 25, International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women is observed.
Guidelines and Campaigns
- Gender Inclusive Guidelines, Toolbox, & United Nations System-wide Strategy on Gender Parity.
- Say No, UNiTE, UNiTE to End Violence against Women, Orange the World: #HearMeToo (2018), and the 16 days of activism.
Women and Men Women’s Rights Campaigners
- Abby Kelley Foster
- Angela Davis
- Anna Julia Cooper
- Audre Lorde
- Barbara Smith
- Bell Hooks
- Claudette Colvin
- Combahee River Collective
- Ella Baker
- Fannie Lou Hamer
- Harriet Tubman
- Ida B. Wells
- Lucy Stone
- Maria Stewart
- Matilda Joslyn Gage
- Rosa Parks
- Shirley Chisholm
- Sojourner Truth
- Susan B. Anthony
License
In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightpublishing.com.
Copyright
© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-Present. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.
