Paragraph 83(h)-(k) of the Beijing Platform for Action. Chapter IV. B. Education and Training of Women
Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen
Publication (Outlet/Website): The Good Men Project
Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/10/16
Strategic objective B.4.
Develop non-discriminatory education and training
Actions to be taken
83. By Governments, educational authorities and other educational and academic institutions:
h. Develop curricula and teaching materials and formulate and take positive measures to ensure women better access to and participation in technical and scientific areas, especially areas where they are not represented or are underrepresented;
i. Develop policies and programmes to encourage women to participate in all apprenticeship programmes;
j. Increase training in technical, managerial, agricultural extension and marketing areas for women in agriculture, fisheries, industry and business, arts and crafts, to increase income-generating opportunities, women’s participation in economic decision-making, in particular through women’s organizations at the grass-roots level, and their contribution to production, marketing, business, and science and technology;
k. Ensure access to quality education and training at all appropriate levels for adult women with little or no education, for women with disabilities and for documented migrant, refugee and displaced women to improve their work opportunities.
Beijing Declaration (1995)
The basis in the non-discrimination of women, or men for that matter, in education, is not only in the behaviour of the individual but also in the presentation of the information in the educational curricula, the materials used for the study.
This can be helpful with vocational and technical training. Also, this can be an area in which women’s livelihood can be improved in general. Take, for example, the recommendation of “better access to and participation in technical and scientific areas.”
What is the common recommendation now? We see the argument from unsuitability. The assertion of women as unfit for particular positions. Before, it was innate capacities, which fell by the wayside.
Then as this attenuated, denuded, and deleted as a notion, the incursion of the other explanation emerged. It is not an innate capacity but innate preferences. You can see this eroding too.
In general, it is a trend in the reduction of the viability of innate arguments about the capacity of women. Then the reduction to non-existent or general relevance over time of the assumptions about women and men.
The apprenticeship programs for various forms of trades can be encouraged with the inclusion of policies and programmes aimed at increasing more women participation in them.
Indeed, we can find the variety of encouragements for women to enter into arenas of the education, vocational, and professional spheres not seen for them or considered for them as such as massive scale.
It is this basis that is a sign for encouragement because it is work through documents such as this that created the basis for the modern equality movements for the sexes.
This comes with further repetition, as per several prior sections of the document, of the need for inclusion of the educational provisions – and encouragement – of women at several levels in addition to the professional access.
–One can find similar statements in other documents, conventions, declarations and so on, with the subsequent statements of equality or women’s rights:
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the Preamble, Article 16, and Article 25(2).
- Convention Against Discrimination in Education (1960) in Article 1.
- The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) in Article 3, Article 7, and Article 13.
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966).
- Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979).
- Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984).
- The Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (1993).
- Beijing Declaration(1995).
- United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000).
- Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2000).
- The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa or the “Maputo Protocol” (2003).
- Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence or the Istanbul Convention (2011) Article 38 and Article 39.
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