Beijing Platform for Action. Chapter IV. C. Women and Health – Paragraphs 101 and 102
Author(s): Scott Douglas Jacobsen
Publication (Outlet/Website): The Good Men Project
Publication Date (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/10/27
101. With the increase in life expectancy and the growing number of older women, their health concerns require particular attention. The long-term health prospects of women are influenced by changes at menopause, which, in combination with life-long conditions and other factors, such as poor nutrition and lack of physical activity, may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. Other diseases of ageing and the interrelationships of ageing and disability among women also need particular attention.
102. Women, like men, particularly in rural areas and poor urban areas, are increasingly exposed to environmental health hazards owing to environmental catastrophes and degradation. Women have a different susceptibility to various environmental hazards, contaminants and substances and they suffer different consequences from exposure to them.
Beijing Declaration (1995)
The Beijing Declaration in paragraph 101 and 102 stipulate the ways in which the life expectancy of the world was increasing up to 1995, and, in fact, continues to increase in much of the world with a rise in standards of living and quality of both nutrition and healthcare.
As the world’s population continues to increase, the number of older women increases, too; we can see the sex split by age. Far more old women than men live in the world, especially the centenarians and supercentenarians – even the world record is stuck with the Jeanne Calment at about 122.5 years. The issue for men is simply making to those ages. The concerns for women are the health complications of aging, which is more than one single thing.
It is a combination of, by Kurzweil’s estimates, 12 processes leading to eventual death. Some can progress faster in particular individuals with the proper, or unhealthy, environments or genetic preconditions for them.
Some of the issues can come in the forms of poor nutrition and lack of physical activity, which can, in part, be a problem of individual initiative. But there are those that can happen more often in women, osteoporosis, or in the old, cardiovascular disease.
The disabilities can be particularly acute areas of concern among the aged, as breakage of bone, weakening of muscle, and fogginess and forgetfulness of mind become gradual incursions on the functionality of one’s body over time.
As rural areas can tend to be farther away from the basic health services, especially the advanced health services found in the city centres, those living in them can, at times, be subject to worse health outcomes in the cases of environmental toxin exposure: “environmental hazards, contaminants and substances.”
These are needed areas of activism and public pressure on the political system and the policymakers, as these are among the most vulnerable populations among us – the old.
–One can find similar statements in other documents, conventions, declarations and so on, with the subsequent statements of equality or women’s rights:
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the Preamble, Article 16, and Article 25(2).
- Convention Against Discrimination in Education (1960) in Article 1.
- The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) in Article 3, Article 7, and Article 13.
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966).
- Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979).
- Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984).
- The Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (1993).
- Beijing Declaration(1995).
- United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000).
- Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2000).
- The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa or the “Maputo Protocol” (2003).
- Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence or the Istanbul Convention (2011) Article 38 and Article 39.
License
In-Sight Publishing by Scott Douglas Jacobsen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.in-sightpublishing.com.
Copyright
© Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing 2012-Present. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Scott Douglas Jacobsen and In-Sight Publishing with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. All interviewees and authors co-copyright their material and may disseminate for their independent purposes.
In-Sight Publishing 